Fin Report - Deferred Tax

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Deferred taxes

There may be a discrepancy as the way things are treated under tax legislation and the IFRS
recognized criteria for income and cost items differ. Deferred tax accounting attempts to
resolve this discrepancy. The temporary differences between a liability's or asset’s tax base
and its carrying value in the financial statements serve as the foundation for the IAS 12
standard.

IAS 12 states the following reasons for recognising deferred tax:

 To abide by the accrual concepts


 The deferred tax will have an impact on an actual tax liability sooner or later
 The overvaluation of profit caused by failure to take into account deferred tax
liabilities can result in :
a. over-optimistic dividend expenditures based on exaggerated profits
b. misrepresentation of earnings per share and of the price ratio
c. shareholders being misinformed

The total ascribed to an asset or liability for taxation uses is referred to as its tax base. When
it comes to an asset, the tax base is the amount that is allowable for tax uses beside any
upcoming taxable paybacks resulting from the asset. However, for a liability, the tax base is
its net book value minus any taxable amount that will be charged in the future periods.

Discrepancies between an asset's and liability's tax bases and their respective carrying amount
in the balance sheet is defined as temporary differences. Taxable temporary variances are
disparities that will give rise to taxable amounts when computing tax on profits (tax loss) for
upcoming years when the book value of the asset or debt is recovered or cleared. However,
IAS12 defined deductible temporary variances as transitory discrepancies "that will cause
amounts that are deductible in ….forthcoming periods". (IAS12)

Treatment of deferred tax

Deferred tax liability must be acknowledged whenever there is any taxable transitory
variances. It is to be noted that not any deferred tax liability is to be acknowledged if it arises
from goodwill, the amortisation of which is not acceptable for tax determinations. Moreover,
deferred tax asset should be documented for a deductible temporary difference if the
temporary difference is likely to be used in the future. After the completion of respective
accounting period, the book value of deferred tax assets need to be calculated.
Besides, deferred tax assets and liabilities should be computed using the rate of tax that are
anticipated to apply during the year in which the asset or liability is realized or resolved. As a
result, deferred tax assets and liabilities cannot be cut-rate. Deferred tax liabilities and
deferred tax assets are measured to represent the tax effects of how the entity intends to
recover or settle the carrying value of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax is applied wholly for all transitory variances occurring between assets and
liabilities’ tax bases and their book values in the balance sheet. There are certain exceptions
where the temporary discrepancy occurs:

• Initial acknowledgement of goodwill.


• Original acknowledgement of an asset or obligation in a non-business combined
deal that has no influence on accounting profit or taxable profit.
• Investments in divisions, affiliates, acquaintances, and joint ventures that meet
specific conditions.

Calculation of deferred taxes - Formulae

The following formulas can be used to calculate deferred tax for assets and liabilities:

Here, the formula recapitulates the total of tax to be acknowledged in an accounting year:

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