lab4

February 21, 2024

SCT211-0535/2022

AKECH DAU ATEM

0.1 Question 1
A lab group is combining different amounts of 3 salts to obtain various weights of the final product.
They combine 2 mol of salt A, 3 mol of salt B, and 1 mol of salt C to make 312.1 g of the final
product. Then, they combine 1 mol of salt A, 2 mol of salt B, and 1 mol of salt C to make 216.7 g
of the final product. Finally, the lab group combines 1 mol of salt A, 1 mol of salt B, and 2 mol of
salt C to make 264 g of the final product. Find the molar mass of each salt.
### Solution
system:
2𝐴 + 3𝐵 + 𝐶 = 312.1
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐶 = 264
𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶 = 216.7
2 3 1 | 312.1
The augmented matrix: 𝐴 = ⎡
⎢1 1 2 | 264 ⎥
⎤
⎣1 2 1 | 216.7⎦

0.1.1 Row Reduction:

2 3 1 | 312.1
⎡1 1 2 | 264 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣1 2 1 | 216.7⎦

𝑅2 = 𝑅3 − 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 = 𝑅1 − 2𝑅3
2 3 1 | 312.1
⎡0 −1 1 | 47.3 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 −3 | −215.9⎦

𝑅1 = 𝑅1 + 3𝑅2 , 𝑅3 = 𝑅3 − 𝑅2

1
 2 0 4 | 454
⎡0 −1 1 | 47.3 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 −2 | −168.6⎦

The Gaussian sloution at this point is:

−2𝐶 = −168.3, 𝑠𝑜 𝐶 = 84.3
−𝐵 + 𝐶 = 47.3, 𝑠𝑜 𝐵 = 84.3 − 47.3 = 37.0
−2𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 454, 𝑠𝑜 𝐴 = 116.8

0.1.2 Gauss-Jordan
We continue from here to get to RREF(Gauss-Jordan)

𝑅1 = 𝑅1 + 2𝑅3 , 𝑅2 = 2𝑅2 + 𝑅3
2 0 0 | 116.8
⎡0 −2 0 | −74 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 −2 | −168.6⎦

𝑅1 = 𝑅1 /2, 𝑅2 = 𝑅2 / − 2, 𝑅3 = 𝑅3 / − 2
1 0 0 | 58.4
⎡0 1 0 | 37.0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 1 | 84.3⎦

0.1.3 Answers
𝐴 = 58.4, 𝐵 = 37.0, 𝐶 = 84.3

1 Symbolic Python Solution

The Symbolic Python solution is below:
[1]: import sympy as sp

a, b, c = sp.symbols('a b c')

solution = sp.solve((2*a + 3*b + c -312.1,\

a + 2*b + c -216.7,\
a + b + 2*c -264), (a, b, c))
# solutions
print(f'a = {solution[a]:.1f}')
print(f'b = {solution[b]:.1f}')
print(f'c = {solution[c]:.1f}')

2
a = 58.4
b = 37.0
c = 84.3

1.0.1 QUESTION 2
A chemistry student is trying to make 100 mL of a 26% acid solution from a 10% solution, a 20%
solution, and a 40% solution. Unfortunately, the lab is out of 20%, so the student uses a 25%
solution, and ends up with 100 mL of 28% solution. What volume of each solution did the student
use?

###Solution Let 𝑥 represent the volume of 10% solution, 𝑦 volume of 20% solution and 𝑧 volume
of 40% solution.
system:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 100
0.1𝑥 + 0.2𝑦 + 0.4𝑧 = 0.26
0.1𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 + 0.4𝑧 = 0.28
For simplicity we multiply each equation by 100.

1 1 1 | 100
The augmented matrix; 𝑀 = ⎡
⎢ 0.1 0.2 0.4 | 26 ⎤
⎥
⎣0.1 0.25 0.4 | 28 ⎦

𝑅2 = 10𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 = 10𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 1 1 | 100
⎡0 1 3 | 160⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0.5 3 | 180⎦

𝑅3 = 3𝑅2 − 2𝑅3
1 1 1 | 100
⎡0 1 3 | 160⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 3 | 120⎦

Gaussian Solution 3𝑧 = 120, 𝑧 = 40

𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 160, 𝑠𝑜 𝑦 + 3(40) = 160, 𝑦 = 160 − 120, 𝑦 = 40
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 100, 𝑥 + 40 + 40 = 100, 𝑥 = 100 − 80 = 20

Gauss-Jordan We continue to Row Reduced Echelon Form(RREF) elimination method also

known as the Gauss-Jordan algorithm.
𝑅1 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2

3
 1 0 −2 | −60
⎡0 1 3 | 160 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 3 | 120 ⎦
𝑅1 = 3𝑅1 + 2𝑅3
3 0 0 | 60
⎡0 1 3 | 160⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 3 | 120⎦

𝑅2 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅3
3 0 0 | 60
⎡0 1 0 | 40 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 3 | 120 ⎦

𝑅1 = 𝑅1 /3, 𝑅3 = 𝑅3 /3
1 0 0 | 20
⎡0 1 0 | 40⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 1 | 40⎦

Solutions; 𝑥 = 20, 𝑦 = 40, 𝑧 = 40

1.1 Symbolic Python Solution

The confirmation with symbolic python.
[2]: import sympy as sym

x, y, z = sym.symbols('x y z')

solution = sym.solve((x + y + z -100,\

0.1*x + 0.2*y + 0.4*z -26,\
0.1*x + 0.25*y + 0.4*z -28),(x, y, z))

print(f'x = {int(solution[x])}')
print(f'y = {int(solution[y])}')
print(f'z = {int(solution[z])}')

x = 20
y = 40
z = 40

1.2 QUESTION 3
Equation: 𝑥 𝑑𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)
2

4
 The Symbolic Python solution is as below
[3]: import sympy as sym

x = sym.Symbol('x')
f = sym.Function('f')

sym.solve((x*f(x).diff(x,x)/x) + f(x) - f(x)**2, f(x))

[3]: [1/2 - sqrt(4*Derivative(f(x), (x, 2)) + 1)/2,

sqrt(4*Derivative(f(x), (x, 2)) + 1)/2 + 1/2]

[4]: # !pip install nbconvert

# !apt-get install texlive texlive-xetex texlive-latex-extra pandoc
# !pip install pypandoc

from google.colab import drive

drive.mount('/content/drive')
!cp "./drive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/lab4.ipynb" ./

!jupyter nbconvert 'lab4.ipynb' --to pdf

from google.colab import files

files.download('lab4.pdf')

Drive already mounted at /content/drive; to attempt to forcibly remount, call

drive.mount("/content/drive", force_remount=True).
[NbConvertApp] Converting notebook lab4.ipynb to pdf
[NbConvertApp] Writing 59282 bytes to notebook.tex
[NbConvertApp] Building PDF
[NbConvertApp] Running xelatex 3 times: ['xelatex', 'notebook.tex', '-quiet']
[NbConvertApp] Running bibtex 1 time: ['bibtex', 'notebook']
[NbConvertApp] WARNING | bibtex had problems, most likely because there were no
citations
[NbConvertApp] PDF successfully created
[NbConvertApp] Writing 65350 bytes to lab4.pdf
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