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    Java Chap 3 Part-I

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    Atharva
    This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including defining classes, adding variables and methods to classes, creating objects from classes, and accessing members of classes. A class defines the blueprint for an object and can contain variables to store data and methods to manipulate the data. Objects are instantiated from classes using the new keyword and can then access both instance variables and methods defined in their class.

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    Java Chap 3 Part-I

    Uploaded by

    Atharva
    8 views4 pages
    This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including defining classes, adding variables and methods to classes, creating objects from classes, and accessing members of classes. A class defines the blueprint for an object and can contain variables to store data and methods to manipulate the data. Objects are instantiated from classes using the new keyword and can then access both instance variables and methods defined in their class.

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    This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including defining classes, adding variables and methods to classes, creating objects from classes, and accessing members of classes. A class defines the blueprint for an object and can contain variables to store data and methods to manipulate the data. Objects are instantiated from classes using the new keyword and can then access both instance variables and methods defined in their class.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views4 pages

    Java Chap 3 Part-I

    Uploaded by

    Atharva
    This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including defining classes, adding variables and methods to classes, creating objects from classes, and accessing members of classes. A class defines the blueprint for an object and can contain variables to store data and methods to manipulate the data. Objects are instantiated from classes using the new keyword and can then access both instance variables and methods defined in their class.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Unit 3: Objects and Classes

     Introduction
     Defining a class
    o Adding variables
    o Adding methods
     Creating objects
     Accessing class members
     Constructors
     Method Overloading
     Static members
     Nesting of methods
     Final methods

    Introduction:
    Java is an Object-Oriented Language. That means it uses Object as a primary resource of
    programming. Objects are seen by the viewer or user, performing tasks assigned by you. Object-
    oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities in programming. The main aim of OOP
    is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code
    can access this data except that function.
    Java supports the following fundamental concepts:
     Polymorphism  Objects
     Inheritance  Instance
     Encapsulation  Method
     Abstraction  Message Passing
     Classes
    Defining a Class: - A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the behavior/state
    that the object of its type supports. Class is also a user-defined data type. So once a the class type has
    been defined, we can create “variables” of that type. In Java, these variables are termed as instances/
    objects of classes. The basic form of class definition is:
    Syntax:
    class classname [extends superclassname]
    {
    Variable declaration
    Method declaration
    }

    Everything inside the square brackets is optional.


    Example:
    class Rectangle
    {
    …….
    …….
    …….
    …….
    }
    Adding Variables:
     Data is encapsulated in a class by placing data fields inside the body of the class definition. These
    variables are called instance variables.
     A class can contain variables. These variables are declared within a class, outside any method.
     Example:
    class Rectangle
    {
    int length, width;
    }
     The class Rectangle contains two integer type instance variables.
     These variables are only declared and therefore no storage space has been created in the memory.
     Instance variables are also known as member variables.

    Adding Methods:
     A class without methods has no meaning. The objects created by such a class cannot respond to
    any messages.
     We must have to add methods for manipulating the data contained in the class.
     Methods are declared inside the body of the class.
     A class can have any number of methods to access the value of various kinds of methods.
     Syntax:
    return_type methodname(parameter_list)
    {
    Method-body
    }
     Method declarations have four basic parts-
    o The method name
    o Return type
    o Parameter List
    o Body of the method
     Example:
    class Rectangle
    {
    int length, width;

    void getData(int a, int b)


    {
    length = a;
    width = b;
    }
    int Area()
    {
    int area = length * width;
    return (area);
    }
    }

     In the above example, getData() and Area() are the methods.

    Creating an Object
    As mentioned previously, a class provides the blueprints for objects. So basically, an object is created
    from a class. In Java, the new keyword is used to create new objects.
    There are three steps when creating an object from a class:
     Declaration: A variable declaration with a variable name with an object type.
     Instantiation: The 'new' keyword is used to create the object.
     Initialization: The 'new' keyword is followed by a call to a constructor. This call initializes the
    new object.
    Following is an example of creating an object:
    class Rectangle
    {
    int length, width;

    void getData(int a, int b)


    {
    length = a;
    width = b;
    }

    int Area()
    {
    int area = length * width;
    return (area);
    }

    public static void main(String args[])


    {
    Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle();
    }
    }

    Accessing Instance Variables and Methods


    Instance variables and methods are accessed via created objects. To access an instance variable,
    following is the fully qualified path:
    class Rectangle
    {
    int length, width;

    void getData(int a, int b)


    {
    length = a;
    width = b;
    }

    int Area()
    {
    int area = length * width;
    return (area);
    }

    public static void main(String args[])


    {
    Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle();

    r1.getData(5,7);
    int ans = r1.Area();
    System.out.println(“Area = ” + ans);
    }
    }

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