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CH 1

The document introduces an automatic home lighting system that uses sensors to save energy. It aims to (1) only turn lights on when needed, (2) keep lights off otherwise, and (3) detect light and motion to control lights. Light dependent resistors (LDR) and passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors will be used with an Arduino Uno board to detect light levels and human movement. When motion is detected in low light, lights will turn on, and remain off otherwise to reduce wasted energy from lights left on unintentionally.

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22 views4 pages

CH 1

The document introduces an automatic home lighting system that uses sensors to save energy. It aims to (1) only turn lights on when needed, (2) keep lights off otherwise, and (3) detect light and motion to control lights. Light dependent resistors (LDR) and passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors will be used with an Arduino Uno board to detect light levels and human movement. When motion is detected in low light, lights will turn on, and remain off otherwise to reduce wasted energy from lights left on unintentionally.

Uploaded by

hsushweyi tint28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTORDUCTION

1.1. Introduction
The modern era beckons to solve the energy crisis along with increasing
energy consumption day by day which is creating problem in everywhere. Particularly
in city area the lighting systems have become a big part of energy consumption. Thus,
the role of automated control systems in helping to reduce the cost of production and
provide production safety with ecological balance preservation is significantly
important. Moreover, the other advantages highlighted in this term paper would be the
reduction in the influence of the human factor on controlled process and enabling us
to solve the minimization of raw material consumption. Thus, the basic functions
carried out in controlling the several parameters on major areas of home lighting as
well as management, data exchange, information processing, accumulation and
storage, all these methods are interconnected to bring about the improvement of
product quality, internal environment, energy savings plans and essential increase in
production efficiency.
Automation plays an crucial role in our daily lives. Public tend to prefer
automatic systems in any field compared to manual systems in order for efficiency
and better living. There are numerous number of factors to be considered in order to
design good automatic lighting system with main objectives as public safety, cost
efficient and energy efficient .If night light systems are designed in this particular
ways then it will be really very helpful the people living around the living with proper
light guiding them.For this project, the designation is as the home light. There may be
two parts. For the walkway light, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used. For room
light Phases Inferred Red (PIR) motion sensor will be used. Both of these types are
based on the Arduino Uno Board.
Automatic night light System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses
switch to switch ON and OFF the lighting automatically. By using this system
manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight
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goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under
illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor
(LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. By using this system energy
consumption is also reduced because now-a-days the manually automatic lighting
are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on
earlier before sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ
significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or
manual.
After particular time, there is no proper flow of usage energy. In such time, the
light will be continuously ON and there will be lot of power wastage. If the light will
be in ON position only when there is light user present on place and then go to OFF
position when there is no light user present on the place then there is scope of power
saving to some extend. Therefore, lighting with motion sensor is also the main
motivation for this thesis work.
As lights used for night lights are classified into many types as incandescent
light, mercury vapor light, metal halide light, high pressure sodium light, low pressure
sodium light, fluorescent light, induction light, compact fluorescent light and LED
light. In this zone of new technology sources of light, light emitting diode (LED) light
will be perfect solution as it offers many benefits. LED light is mainly taken into
consideration because it is very energy efficient and it has good life span. Where
LED’s have about 110° light emission angle, where conventional lights have 360° and
also need a reflector to make the light go the direction which we need. So LED is one
of the best option.

1.2. Aim and Objectives of the Thesis


The objective of this thesis are
1. to design automatic lighting system which gets ON only when it is necessary,
2. to remain the rest of the time in OFF position,
3. to detect light and motion; so light should be ON,
4. to save man power and can solve the wastage problem that can cause by the
human,
5. to some extend the contribution of energy saving by achieving this aptly,
6. to develop an intelligent automatic control system aims to minimize power
consumption as well as sustainable development of smart energy saving
system for our future generation,
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7. to install intelligence light controls that enables users to adjust levels


according to their preferences inspired us to work on it,

1.3. Scope of the Thesis


In this paper we explore how the internal environment conditions of night
lamps are controlled via Control Unit. The control unit will solely be responsible for
communicating with the external environment with three key sectors which are lamps,
temperature controller and humidity controller. Arduino Uno is chosen to be the
microcontroller board for this project as it provides open-source physical computing
platform and can take inputs from a variety of lights, sensors and other physical
outputs.
One of the output leads to the yellow LED. The other output goes to the blue
Leds. The motion will be detected by a sensor called PIR (Phase Infarred Red) motion
Sensor which will detect the human body in specific area and another is light sensor
(LDR) which will detect the light intensity of the specified area. All these sensors will
be connected to the Arduino microcontroller Uno board with the aid of jumper wires.
Also the climatic conditions are also the limitation in this case. The further scope for
this, the detection range can be increased. If the sensor with more detection range is
preferred then this may become a costly affair.

1.4. Implementation Program


The implementation program of the presented study is
1. Studying the basic concepts over view of arduino program,
2. Studying C++ Program for MCU Arduino Uno board,
3. Obtaining the suitable Simulink model for reliable output,
4. Methodologies of using PIR and LDR sensor detecting system and for
method using system,
5. Studying about the series and parallel connection of LED and resister.

1.5. Outlines of the Thesis


This thesis is composed with five chapter. It describes verify about the role of
PIR sensor and LDR. Then, the objectives of the thesis, the scope of the thesis and
implementation programme are also mentioned clearly in this chapter to highlight the
purpose and the details procedure of the study. The chapter two is the literature
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review of the auto lighting system. The background theory and methodology of PIR
sensor and LDR detecting system are described in chapter three. The chapter four is
the result of this system. Finally the discussions, conclusion and recommendation are
presented in chapter five.

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