NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Unit 8

Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10

Exercise 8.1 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 181

In ΔABC right angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 m. Determine

(i) sin A, cos A

(ii) sin C, cos C

Answer :

Applying Pythagoras theorem for ΔABC, we obtain

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= (24 cm)2 + (7 cm)2

= (576 + 49) cm2

= 625 cm2

∴ AC = cm = 25 cm

(i) sin A =

cos A =

(ii)
sin C =

cos C =

Q2 :

In the given figure find tan P - cot R

Answer :

Applying Pythagoras theorem for ΔPQR, we obtain

PR2 = PQ2 + QR2

(13 cm)2 = (12 cm)2 + QR2

169 cm2 = 144 cm2 + QR2

25 cm2 = QR2

QR = 5 cm
tan P - cot R =

Q3 :

If sin A = , calculate cos A and tan A.

Answer :

Let ΔABC be a right-angled triangle, right-angled at point B.

Given that,
Let BC be 3k. Therefore, AC will be 4k, where k is a positive integer.

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

(4k)2 = AB2 + (3k)2

16k 2 - 9k 2 = AB2

7k 2 = AB2

AB =

Q4 :

Given 15 cot A = 8. Find sin A and sec A

Answer :

Consider a right-angled triangle, right-angled at B.

It is given that,
cot A =

Let AB be 8k.Therefore, BC will be 15k, where k is a positive integer.

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= (8k)2 + (15k)2

= 64k2 + 225k2

= 289k2

AC = 17k

Q5 :

Given sec θ = , calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Answer :

Consider a right-angle triangle ΔABC, right-angled at point B.

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain

(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

(13k)2 = (12k)2 + (BC)2

169k2 = 144k2 + BC2

25k2 = BC2

BC = 5k

Q6 :

If ∠ A and ∠ B are acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that

∠ A = ∠ B.

Answer :

Let us consider a triangle ABC in which CD ⊥ AB.

It is given that

cos A = cos B
 … (1)

We have to prove ∠A = ∠B. To prove this, let us extend AC to P such that BC = CP.

From equation (1), we obtain

By using the converse of B.P.T,

CD||BP

⇒∠ACD = ∠CPB (Corresponding angles) … (3)

And, ∠BCD = ∠CBP (Alternate interior angles) … (4)

By construction, we have BC = CP.

∴ ∠CBP = ∠CPB (Angle opposite to equal sides of a triangle) … (5)

From equations (3), (4), and (5), we obtain

∠ACD = ∠BCD … (6)

In ΔCAD and ΔCBD,

∠ACD = ∠BCD [Using equation (6)]

∠CDA = ∠CDB [Both 90°]

Therefore, the remaining angles should be equal.

∴∠CAD = ∠CBD

⇒ ∠A = ∠B

Alternatively,

Let us consider a triangle ABC in which CD ⊥ AB.

cos A = cos B

Let

⇒ AD = k BD … (1)

And, AC = k BC … (2)

Using Pythagoras theorem for triangles CAD and CBD, we obtain

CD2 = AC2 - AD2 … (3)

And, CD2 = BC2 - BD2 … (4)

From equations (3) and (4), we obtain

AC2 - AD2 = BC2 - BD2

⇒ (k BC)2 - (k BD)2 = BC2 - BD2

⇒ k2 (BC2 - BD2) = BC2 - BD2

⇒ k2 = 1

⇒k=1

Putting this value in equation (2), we obtain

AC = BC

⇒ ∠A = ∠B(Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle)

Q7 :

If cot θ = , evaluate

(i) (ii) cot2 θ

Let us consider a right triangle ABC, right-angled at point B.

If BC is 7k, then AB will be 8k, where k is a positive integer.

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= (8k)2 + (7k)2

= 64k2 + 49k2

= 113k2

AC =

(i)
(ii) cot2 θ = (cot θ)2 = =

Q8 :

If 3 cot A = 4, Check whether

Answer :

It is given that 3cot A = 4

Or, cot A =

Consider a right triangle ABC, right-angled at point B.

If AB is 4k, then BC will be 3k, where k is a positive integer.

In ΔABC,

(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

= (4k)2 + (3k)2
= 16k2 + 9k2

= 25k2

AC = 5k

cos2 A - sin2 A =

Q9 :

In ΔABC, right angled at B. If , find the value of

(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C

(ii) cos A cos C - sin A sin C

If BC is k, then AB will be , where k is a positive integer.

In ΔABC,

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= 3k2 + k2 = 4k2

∴ AC = 2k

(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C

(ii) cos A cos C - sin A sin C

In ΔPQR, right angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of sin P, cos P and tan P.

Answer :

Given that, PR + QR = 25

PQ = 5

Let PR be x.

Therefore, QR = 25 - x

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔPQR, we obtain

PR2 = PQ2 + QR2

x2 = (5)2 + (25 - x)2

x2 = 25 + 625 + x2 - 50x

50x = 650

x = 13

Therefore, PR = 13 cm

QR = (25 - 13) cm = 12 cm
Q11 :

State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.

(i) The value of tan A is always less than 1.

(ii) sec A = for some value of angle A.

(iii) cos A is the abbreviation used for the cosecant of angle A.

(iv) cot A is the product of cot and A

(v) sin θ = , for some angle θ

Answer :

(i) Consider a ΔABC, right-angled at B.

But >1

∴tan A > 1

So, tan A < 1 is not always true.

Hence, the given statement is false.

(ii)
Let AC be 12k, AB will be 5k, where k is a positive integer.

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

(12k)2 = (5k)2 + BC2

144k2 = 25k2 + BC2

BC2 = 119k2

BC = 10.9k

It can be observed that for given two sides AC = 12k and AB = 5k,

BC should be such that,

AC - AB < BC < AC + AB

12k - 5k < BC < 12k + 5k

7k < BC < 17 k

However, BC = 10.9k. Clearly, such a triangle is possible and hence, such value of sec A is possible.

Hence, the given statement is true.

(iii) Abbreviation used for cosecant of angle A is cosec A. And cos A is the abbreviation used for cosine of angle A.

Hence, the given statement is false.

(iv) cot A is not the product of cot and A. It is the cotangent of ∠A.

Hence, the given statement is false.

(v) sin θ =

We know that in a right-angled triangle,

In a right-angled triangle, hypotenuse is always greater than the remaining two sides. Therefore, such value of sin θ
is not possible.
Hence, the given statement is false

Exercise 8.2 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 187

Evaluate the following

(i) sin60° cos30° + sin30° cos 60°

(ii) 2tan245° + cos230° - sin260°

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Answer :

(i) sin60° cos30° + sin30° cos 60°

(ii) 2tan245° + cos230° - sin260°

(iii)
(iv)

(v)
Q2 :

Choose the correct option and justify your choice.

(i)

(A). sin60°

(B). cos60°

(C). tan60°

(D). sin30°

(ii)

(A). tan90°

(B). 1

(C). sin45°

(D). 0

(iii) sin2A = 2sinA is true when A =

(A). 0°

(B). 30°

(C). 45°

(D). 60°

(iv)
(A). cos60°

(B). sin60°

(C). tan60°

(D). sin30°

Answer :

(i)

Out of the given alternatives, only

Hence, (A) is correct.

(ii)

Hence, (D) is correct.

(iii)Out of the given alternatives, only A = 0° is correct.

As sin 2A = sin 0° = 0

2 sinA = 2sin 0° = 2(0) = 0

Hence, (A) is correct.

(iv)
Out of the given alternatives, only tan 60°

Hence, (C) is correct.

Q3 :

If and ;

0° < A + B ≤90°, A > B find A and B.

Answer :

⇒ A + B = 60 … (1)

⇒ tan (A - B) = tan30

⇒ A - B = 30 … (2)

On adding both equations, we obtain

2A = 90

⇒ A = 45

From equation (1), we obtain

45 + B = 60

B = 15

Therefore, ∠A = 45° and ∠B = 15°

Q4 :

State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.

(i) sin(A + B) = sin A + sin B

(ii) The value of sinθincreases as θincreases

(iii) The value of cos θincreases as θincreases

(iv) sinθ= cos θ for all values of θ

(v) cot A is not defined for A = 0°

(i) sin(A + B) = sin A + sin B

Let A = 30° and B = 60°

sin (A + B) = sin (30° + 60°)

= sin 90°

=1

sin A + sin B = sin 30° + sin 60°

Clearly, sin (A + B) ≠sin A + sin B

Hence, the given statement is false.

(ii) The value of sin θ increases as θ increases in the interval of 0° < θ < 90° as

sin 0° = 0

sin 90° = 1

Hence, the given statement is true.

(iii) cos 0° = 1

cos90° = 0

It can be observed that the value of cos θ does not increase in the interval of 0° < θ < 90°.

Hence, the given statement is false.

(iv) sin θ = cos θ for all values of θ.

This is true when θ = 45°

It is not true for all other values of θ.

As and ,

Hence, the given statement is false.

(v) cot A is not defined for A = 0°

As ,

= undefined

Hence, the given statement is true.

Exercise 8.3 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 189

Evaluate

(I)

(II)

(III) cos 48° - sin 42°

(IV)cosec 31° - sec 59°

Answer :

(I)

(II)
(III)cos 48° - sin 42° = cos (90° - 42°) - sin 42°

= sin 42° - sin 42°

=0

(IV) cosec 31° - sec 59° = cosec (90° - 59°) - sec 59°

= sec 59° - sec 59°

=0

Q2 :

Show that

(I) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° = 1

(II)cos 38° cos 52° - sin 38° sin 52° = 0

Answer :

(I) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67°

= tan (90° - 42°) tan (90° - 67°) tan 42° tan 67°

= cot 42° cot 67° tan 42° tan 67°

= (cot 42° tan 42°) (cot 67° tan 67°)

= (1) (1)

=1

(II) cos 38° cos 52° - sin 38° sin 52°

= cos (90° - 52°) cos (90°-38°) - sin 38° sin 52°

= sin 52° sin 38° - sin 38° sin 52°

=0

Q3 :

If tan 2A = cot (A- 18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

Answer :

Given that,

tan 2A = cot (A- 18°)

cot (90° - 2A) = cot (A -18°)

108° = 3A

A = 36°

Q4 :

If tan A = cot B, prove that A + B = 90°

Answer :

Given that,

tan A = cot B

tan A = tan (90° - B)

A = 90° - B

A + B = 90°

Q5 :

If sec 4A = cosec (A- 20°), where 4A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

Answer :

Given that,

sec 4A = cosec (A - 20°)

cosec (90° - 4A) = cosec (A - 20°)

90° - 4A= A- 20°

110° = 5A

A = 22°

Q6 :

If A, Band C are interior angles of a triangle ABC then show that

Answer :

We know that for a triangle ABC,

∠ A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
 ∠B + ∠C= 180° - ∠A

Q7 :

Express sin 67° + cos 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0° and 45°.

Answer :

sin 67° + cos 75°

= sin (90° - 23°) + cos (90° - 15°)

= cos 23° + sin 15°

Exercise 8.4 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 193

Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cot A.

Answer :

We know that,

will always be positive as we are adding two positive quantities.

Therefore,

We know that,
However,

Therefore,

Also,

Q2 :

Write all the other trigonometric ratios of ∠ A in terms of sec A.

Answer :

We know that,

Also, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

sin2 A = 1 - cos2 A

tan2A + 1 = sec2A

tan2A = sec2A - 1
Q3 :

Evaluate

(i)

(ii) sin25° cos65° + cos25° sin65°

Answer :

(i)

(As sin2A + cos2A = 1)

=1

(ii) sin25° cos65° + cos25° sin65°

= sin225° + cos225°
= 1 (As sin2A + cos2A = 1)

Q4 :

Choose the correct option. Justify your choice.

(i) 9 sec2 A - 9 tan2 A =

(A) 1

(B) 9

(C) 8

(D) 0

(ii) (1 + tan θ + sec θ) (1 + cot θ - cosec θ)

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) - 1

(iii) (secA + tanA) (1 - sinA) =

(A) secA

(B) sinA

(C) cosecA

(D) cosA

(iv)

(A) sec2 A

(B) - 1

(C) cot2 A

(D) tan2 A

Answer :

(i) 9 sec2A - 9 tan2A

= 9 (sec2A - tan2A)

= 9 (1) [As sec2 A - tan2 A = 1]

=9

Hence, alternative (B) is correct.

(ii)
(1 + tan θ + sec θ) (1 + cot θ - cosec θ)

Hence, alternative (C) is correct.

(iii) (secA + tanA) (1 - sinA)

= cosA

Hence, alternative (D) is correct.

(iv)

Hence, alternative (D) is correct.

Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are
defined.

Answer :

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
(iii)
= secθ cosec θ +

= R.H.S.

(iv)

= R.H.S

(v)

Using the identity cosec2 = 1 + cot2 ,

L.H.S =
= cosec A + cot A

= R.H.S

(vi)
(vii)

(viii)

(ix)
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S

(x)