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    Respiration in Plant

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    x2h9ptt6mr
    Respiration is the chemical process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy. There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration produces more ATP using oxygen, while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP without oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both types of respiration, partially oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid can then undergo different fates depending on the presence of oxygen through pathways like alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, or the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain during aerobic respiration. Overall, aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing ATP through multiple metabolic pathways.

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    Respiration in Plant

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    x2h9ptt6mr
    6 views32 pages
    Respiration is the chemical process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy. There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration produces more ATP using oxygen, while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP without oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both types of respiration, partially oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid can then undergo different fates depending on the presence of oxygen through pathways like alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, or the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain during aerobic respiration. Overall, aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing ATP through multiple metabolic pathways.

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    Respiration is the chemical process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy. There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration produces more ATP using oxygen, while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP without oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both types of respiration, partially oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid can then undergo different fates depending on the presence of oxygen through pathways like alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, or the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain during aerobic respiration. Overall, aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing ATP through multiple metabolic pathways.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views32 pages

    Respiration in Plant

    Uploaded by

    x2h9ptt6mr
    Respiration is the chemical process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy. There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration produces more ATP using oxygen, while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP without oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both types of respiration, partially oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid can then undergo different fates depending on the presence of oxygen through pathways like alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, or the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain during aerobic respiration. Overall, aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing ATP through multiple metabolic pathways.

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    of 32

    RESPIRATION

    ⮚It’s a Chemical Process


    ⮚Breakdown of Glucose to produce Co2 + ⮚In winter, More Metabolism
    H2O + Energy ⮚To maintain body
    ⮚Tissue’s - Co2, Energy , Temperature Temperature
    TYPES OF RESPIRATION
    (i) Aerobic:-
    ⮚Breakdown of Glucose in presence of 02
    36-38 ATP

    (ii) Anaerobic:-
    ⮚Breakdown of Glucose in absence of O2
    ⮚ 2 ATP

    ⮚FACULTATIVE: *Respire in presence OR


    absence of O2
    *Yeast

    > OBLIGATE: Respire Anaerobically Only


    GLYCOLYSIS / EMP PATHWAY
    ⮚Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas
    ⮚It occurs in both aerobic & anaerobic organisms
    ⮚Partial / incomplete oxidation of Glucose to
    produce 2 molecules of pyruvic acid in cytoplasm

    Plants
    Sucrose -------Invertase--------🡪 Glucose ---->
    Glycolysis
    End Product
    Of photosynthesis
    Substrate Level
    Phosphorylation SLP
    BALANCE SHEET:- ATP FADH2 NADH2
    1 Glucose 4 Zero 2
    ETC

    Total ATP: 4+6 = 10 ATP 2 x 3ATP = 6ATP


    ATP used: 2ATP
    NET ATP: 10 – 2 = 8 ATP

    FATE OF PYRUVIC ACID:-


    ( 2 x Pyruvic Acid)
    ⮚ Alcoholic Fermentation (YEAST)
    ⮚ Absence of O2 > > Presence of O2
    (Ethanol (2C) + C02 + ATP) > Muscle Cell
    > Lactic Acid Fermentation > Aerobic Respiration
    > absence of O2 ( Lactic acid+ ATP) ( Co2 + H20 + Energy)
    1. Alcoholic Fermentation:
    Study --> Gay Lussac

    ⮚Incomplete oxidation of Glucose in absence of 02


    Liver Cirrhosis
    ⮚Yeast Cell: Baker’s Yeast / Brewers’ Yeast
    ⮚Pyruvate into Ethanol + C02
    Liver Increase
    MECHANISM:-
    Pyruvic acid
    2 (Pyruvic Acid) ------------------------🡪 2 Acetaldehyde + 2 Co2
    decarboxylase

    Alcohol
    2x ( Acetaldehyde) ----------------------🡪 2 (Ethanol) + 2NAD+
    dehydrogenase
    + 2 NADH2
    Accumulate in muscle
    Muscle Fatigue
    SALIENT FEATURES:-

    ⮚Only 7% energy is released in both fermentation


    ⮚Both – Hazardous
    ⮚Net Gain of ATP = 2ATP

    3) ANEROBIC RESPIRATION:-
    ⮚TCA/ Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle/ KREB’S CYCLE
    ⮚Matrix of Mitochondria
    ⮚LINK REACTION:- Formation of Acetyl COA ( MATRIX)
    PYRUVATE
    2x ( Pyruvic Acid) ---------------------- 🡪 2x (Acetyl COA) + 2 CO2 + 2NADH2
    DEHYDROGENASE (Mg2+)
    (3C)
    + 2 NAD+
    MATRI
    X
    Trick to
    Remember:-
    KREBS CYCLE:-
    See – citrate (6C)
    I – Isocitrate (6C)
    Know – alpha – ketoglutarate (5C)
    Some – Succinyl COA (4C)
    Simple – Succinate ( 4C)
    Formula – Fumarate (4C)
    Making – Malate (4C)
    Options – Oxaloacetate (4C)
    BALANCE SHEET:-

    PRODUCT ATP FADH2 NADH2


    1 x Acetyl COA 1 1 (ETC) 3 (ETC)
    | |
    1 x 2ATP = 2 3x3 ATP = 9

    =12ATP
    2x Acetyl COA 2 ATP 2x 1=2 2 FADH2 6 NADH2
    2x 2ATP = 4 2x9=18ATP
    6x3=18 ATP

    =24ATP
    1 X GLUCOSE
    ATP FADH2 NADH2 ATP Used NET
    1 x Glucose 🡪 4 0 2 2 8
    Glycolysis
    2 x (Pyruvate) 0 0 2 0 6
    🡪 Link
    reaction
    2 x (Acetyl 2 2 6 0 24
    COA) 🡪 Kreb = 38 ATP
    Cycle

    SHUTTLES:- (ii) Malate – Aspartate Shuttle


    (i) Glycerol-3-PO₄³⁻ Shu le >Kidney , Heart , Brain
    >Loss of one ATP For transfer of NADH2 ⮚No ATP required during
    From Cytoplasm into mitochondria transport of NADH2
    > 36 ATP ⮚38 ATP
    ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ETS)
    / OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
    Inter
    Membrane
    Space

    Inner
    Membrane

    MATRIX
    IMPORTANT POINTS OF ETC:-
    ⮚Outer compartment i.e, Inter Membrane space have more H+ as
    compared to matrix
    ⮚This occurs due to proton movement from matrix to inter membrane
    space
    ⮚Once the proton reaches to inter membranous space, Now they can
    go back in matrix only via Fo-F1 Complex V (ATP Synthase)
    ⮚Final e- carrier in ETC 🡪 Cytochrome a3
    ⮚Teminal e- acceptor 🡪 O2 (Because question doesn't mention ETC)
    # ENERGY RELEASED AT:
    ⮚Complex I: (FMN TO PCS)
    2e- transfer this energy to pump
    2H+ from matrix to inter- membranous Space

    ⮚COMPLEX II:- 1 Pair of H+ Transfer from matrix to outer


    space.

    ⮚COMPLEX III:- 2H+ moves (Cyto – Fes)

    ⮚COMPLEX V:- ATP Synthase


    1 NADH2 = 3ATP
    1 FADH2 = 2ATP
    AMPHIBOLIC PATHWAY:-
    ----------------Chapter END----------------

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