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Instruction Level Parallelism

Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) refers to executing multiple operations simultaneously in a single processor cycle by utilizing separate functional units like those for integer and floating point operations. ILP architectures allow parallel execution by identifying independent instructions that can be executed in parallel without data dependencies. ILP improves performance by efficiently using functional units to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, reducing dependencies between instructions. However, implementing ILP increases processor complexity and instruction overhead.

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93 views

Instruction Level Parallelism

Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) refers to executing multiple operations simultaneously in a single processor cycle by utilizing separate functional units like those for integer and floating point operations. ILP architectures allow parallel execution by identifying independent instructions that can be executed in parallel without data dependencies. ILP improves performance by efficiently using functional units to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, reducing dependencies between instructions. However, implementing ILP increases processor complexity and instruction overhead.

Uploaded by

nkprannesh12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP)

Instruction Level Parallelism is used to refer to the architecture in which multiple


operations can be performed parallelly in a particular process, with its own set
of resources – address space, registers, identifiers, state, and program
counters. It refers to the compiler design techniques and processors designed
to execute operations, like memory load and store, integer addition, and float
multiplication, in parallel to improve the performance of the processors.

Example: Suppose, 4 operations can be carried out in a single clock cycle.


So there will be 4 functional units, each attached to one of the operations,
branch unit, and common register file in the ILP execution hardware. The sub-
operations that can be performed by the functional units are Integer ALU,
Integer Multiplication, Floating Point Operations, Load, and Store.

Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP)


Architecture

Instruction Level Parallelism is achieved when multiple operations are


performed in a single cycle, which is done by either executing them
simultaneously or by utilizing gaps between two successive operations that are
created due to the latencies. Now, the decision of when to execute an operation
depends largely on the compiler rather than the hardware. However, the extent
of the compiler’s control depends on the type of ILP architecture where
information regarding parallelism given by the compiler to hardware via the
program varies.

Classification of ILP Architectures


The classification of ILP architectures can be done in the following ways –
 Sequential Architecture: Here, the program is not expected to explicitly
convey any information regarding parallelism to hardware, like superscalar
architecture.
 Dependence Architectures: Here, the program explicitly mentions
information regarding dependencies between operations like dataflow
architecture.
 Independence Architecture: Here, programme m gives information
regarding which operations are independent of each other so that they can
be executed instead of the ‘nops.
In order to apply ILP, the compiler and hardware must determine data
dependencies, independent operations, and scheduling of these independent
operations, assignment of functional units, and register to store data.

Advantages of Instruction-Level Parallelism


 Improved Performance: ILP can significantly improve the performance of
processors by allowing multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously
or out-of-order. This can lead to faster program execution and better system
throughput.
 Efficient Resource Utilization: ILP can help to efficiently utilize processor
resources by allowing multiple instructions to be executed at the same time.
This can help to reduce resource wastage and increase efficiency.
 Reduced Instruction Dependency: ILP can help to reduce the number of
instruction dependencies, which can limit the amount of instruction-level
parallelism that can be exploited. This can help to improve performance and
reduce bottlenecks.
 Increased Throughput: ILP can help to increase the overall throughput of
processors by allowing multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously
or out-of-order. This can help to improve the performance of multi-threaded
applications and other parallel processing tasks.

Disadvantages of Instruction-Level Parallelism


 Increased Complexity: Implementing ILP can be complex and requires
additional hardware resources, which can increase the complexity and cost
of processors.
 Instruction Overhead: ILP can introduce additional instruction overhead,
which can slow down the execution of some instructions and reduce
performance.
 Data Dependency: Data dependency can limit the amount of instruction-
level parallelism that can be exploited. This can lead to lower performance
and reduced throughput.
 Reduced Energy Efficiency: ILP can reduce the energy efficiency of
processors by requiring additional hardware resources and increasing
instruction overhead. This can increase power consumption and result in
higher energy costs.

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