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I. UNIT TITLE: Understanding Verbs

II. LESSON TITLE: Definition and Types of Verbs
1. Definition of Verb
1.1. What is verb?
2. Types of Verbs
2.1. Action Verb, Linking Verb and Helping Verb
2.2. Transitive and Intransitive Verb
2.3. Regular and Irregular Verb

III. LESSON OVERVIEW:

Verbs are a very important part of speech because

without them a sentence cannot exist. They serve several
purposes within a sentence. They also help students to
communicate about different events in their lives by combining
words into sentences.
Verbs are at the heart of sentences and clauses; they
are indispensable to formation of a complete thought. A verb
can a thought by itself and be understood.
This lesson will provide information about verbs and its
types which are: Action Verb, Linking Verb, and Helping Verb,
Transitive and Intransitive Verb, Regular and Irregular Verb.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lessons, the students should be able to:
a. identify verbs in a selection;
b. determine the different types of verbs;
c. differentiate transitive from intransitive verbs;
d. distinguish regular from irregular verbs;
e. construct sentences on the different types of verbs; and
f. appreciate the use of verbs in their daily life.

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Pre-test: Understanding Verbs

Directions: Choose the best answer for each question. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is a verb?
a) A word that describes a person, place, or thing.
b) A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
c) A word that connects two sentences together.
d) A word that shows possession.
2. Which of the following are types of verbs?
a) Nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
b) Pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions.
c) Action verb, linking verb, and helping verb.
d) Singular, plural, and collective.
3. What do action verbs express?
a) Emotions b) Physical or mental actions
c) Locations d) Possession
4. Which verb connects the subject of a sentence with a noun, pronoun, or adjective that
identifies or describes the subject?
a) Action verb b) Helping verb
c) Linking verb d) Transitive verb
5. Transitive verbs require:
a) A direct object to complete their meaning
b) An indirect object to complete their meaning
c) No object to complete their meaning
d) Both direct and indirect objects to complete their meaning
6. What is a regular verb?
a) A verb that follows a non-standard pattern in its conjugation.
b) A verb that does not have a past tense form.
c) A verb that follows a standard pattern in its conjugation.
d) A verb that only expresses physical actions.
7. Irregular verbs:
a) Follow a standard pattern in their conjugation.
b) Do not follow a standard pattern in their conjugation.
c) Are always transitive.

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d) Are never used in sentences.

8. Which of the following is a linking verb?

a) Run b) Is
c) Eat d) Think
9. Which verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning?
a) Transitive verb b) Intransitive verb
c) Linking verb d) Helping verb
10. "Go" is an example of a:
a) Regular verb b) Irregular verb
c) Transitive verb d) Intransitive verb
11. Identify the verb in the following sentence: "She is singing a song."
a) She b) Singing
c) a d) Song
12. Which type of verb shows a state of being?
a) Action verb b) Linking verb
c) Helping verb d) Transitive verb
13. Intransitive verbs do NOT require:
a) A subject b) An object
c) A direct object d) An indirect object
14. Identify the type of verb in the following sentence: "The flowers smell sweet."
a) Action verb b) Linking verb
c) Helping verb d) Transitive verb
15. "Walked" is an example of a:
a) Regular verb b) Irregular verb
c) Transitive verb d) Intransitive verb

V. LESSON CONTENT

Lesson 1: DEFINITION OF VERB 3

1.1. What is a Verb?

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Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. Along
with nouns, verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase, telling a story about what is
taking place. In fact, without a verb, full thoughts can’t be properly conveyed, and even the
simplest sentences, such as Maria sings, have one. Actually, a verb can be a sentence by
itself, with the subject, in most case you, implied, such as, Sing! And Drive!

When learning the grammar rules of grammar, school children are of the taught that
verbs are ‘doing’ words, meaning they signify the part of the sentence which explains the
action taking place: He ran away, she eats chocolate cake on Sundays, the horses gallop
across the fields. Ran, eats, and gallop are the ‘action’ parts of those sentences, thus they
are the verbs. However, it can be confusing because not all verbs are easily identifiable as
action: I know your name, Jack thought about it, we considered several applications. These
are non-action verbs, i.e., those that describe a state of being, emotion, possession, sense
or opinion. Other non-action verbs include love, agree, feel, am, and have.

VIDEO LECTURE

Visit the link to understand more what is a verb. https://youtu.be/PcGumUky5hI?

si=0EWpoDZYPeuAhSsC

Lesson 2: TYPES OF VERBS

2.1. Action Verb, Linking Verb, and Helping Verb

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Action Verbs
Action verbs, as their name says, are used to refer to actions. These can refer to physical
actions that are performed with bodies or objects, such as jump, hit, or sing, or mental actions
that we use our brains to perform, such as think, consider, or memorize. Most verbs you will find
are action verbs.

Examples:
 I work at a factory.
 Cats chase mice.
 We listened to the woman’s amazing story.

Linking Verbs
Linking verbs are a special type of stative verb whose name gives a big clue as to what they
do. Linking verbs are used to link a subject with a subject complement. A subject complement
describes or identifies the subject of the sentence or clause. Linking verbs can function as
intransitive verbs, which do not take direct objects.

Examples:
 Mike is a great dancer.
 That gold watch looks expensive.
 Suddenly, the mall got really crowded.

Helping Verbs
Helping verbs, also called auxiliary verbs, are helpful verbs that work with other verbs to
change the meaning of a sentence. A helping verb combines with a main verb in order to
accomplish different goals. These include changing the tense of the verb or altering the mood of
a sentence.

Examples:
 The musician has performed in concerts all over the world.
 My cat is getting slow in her old age.
 Cheetahs can run incredibly fast.

VIDEO LECTURE

Visit the link to know more about action, linking, and helping.
https://youtu.be/t6eQAQE1F10?si=9i1QDjOtwwpOTbii

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2.2. Transitive and Intransitive Verb

Transitive Verbs

A transitive verbs are verbs that are accompanied by a direct object in a sentence. The
direct object is the noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that is having something done to it by the
subject of the sentence. Both action and stative verbs can have direct objects, which means
they can both be used as transitive verbs.
Examples:
 Leonardo ate a delicious pepperoni pizza.
 The wealthy man bought three paintings.
 She really hates broccoli.

Intransitive Verbs
The opposite of a transitive verbs are an intransitive verbs. A verb is an intransitive verb if it
is not used with a direct object. Remember, only nouns, pronouns, and noun phrases can be
direct objects. Prepositional phrases, adjectives, and adverbs cannot be used as direct objects.
Once again, both action and stative verbs can be used as intransitive verbs.

Examples:
 Airplanes fly.
 The children slept while the adults worked.
 The terrified monkeys hid in the trees after they saw the gigantic hungry snake.

VIDEO LECTURE

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Visit the link to watch the differences of transitive from intransitive verbs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21EKEf9jgEk

2.3. Regular and Irregular Verb

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Regular Verbs
A verb is considered a regular verb if its past tense form and past participle ends in -ed, -d,
or the verb is a -t variant verb. For example, the verb look is a regular verb because both its
past tense form and past participle is looked. Sometimes, regular verbs may slightly change
spelling. For example, the past tense and past participle of cry is cried.

Examples:
 He walked two miles to the post office.
 We purchased all of the supplies that we needed for the camping trip.
 Tiffany had noticed something strange about Marcus’s story.

Irregular Verbs

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An irregular verb is a verb whose past tense and past participle form doesn’t end in -ed, -d,
and doesn’t use the –t variant. Often, the spelling of these verbs changes dramatically or may
not even change at all.

Examples:
 Cindy knew all of the right answers.
 This junky computer has given me nothing but headaches since I bought it.
 The workers took the furniture out of the moving truck.

Here are some regular and irregular verbs for you!

Visit the link to know more about regular and irregular verbs.
https://multiprogramswim.weebly.com/blog/all-regular-verbs-list
https://www.studypool.com/documents/4669568/list-of-irregular-verbs

VIDEO LECTURE

Watch my video lecture on YouTube to understand more what is verb and its different types.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8I2VF6F5oU

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READING COMPREHENSION

DAEDALUS AND ICARUS

Nick Pontikis

Daedalus-his name means “skilled

worker”-was a famous architect, inventor,
and master craftsman known for having
created many objects that figure
prominently in various myths. He had a
beloved son named Icarus.

Among the many inventions and

creations crafted by Daedalus were the
wooden cow he constructed for Queen
Pasiphae, the Labyrinth of the Minotaur at
Knossos on the island of Crete, artificial
wings for himself and his son Icarus, and he
was even said to have invented images.

The infamous Labyrinth was so

cunningly crafted that Daedalus himself
could barely find his way out after
constructing it. With countless winding
passages and turns that opened into one
another, the Labyrinth appeared to have
neither beginning nor end. Daedalus built
the maze to imprison the Minotaur, half man
- half bull beast.

His homeland was Athens but his parentage is uncertain. Alcippe, Merope, and Iphinoe
are all mentioned at different times as being his mother. His father’s identity was never precisely
established, but many claim that it was Metion, son of Erectheus.

For a short time, his apprentice was his sister’s son Perdix. But Daedalus was so proud
of his achievements that he could not bear the idea of a rival. His sister had placed her son
Perdix under his charge to be taught the mechanical arts.

Perdix was an apt scholar and showed striking evidence of ingenuity. Walking on the
seashore, he picked up the spine of a fish. According to Ovid, imitating it, he took a piece of iron
and notched it on the edge, and thus invented the saw.

Perdix also put two pieces of iron together, connecting them at one end with a rivet, and
sharpening the other ends, and made a pair of compasses.

Daedalus was so envious of his nephew’s accomplishments that he seized an

opportunity to toss him from the hill of the Acropolis. As he was plunging to his death, however,
the goddess Athena turned Perdix into a partridge to save him.

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Other sources claim instead that his apprentice was his nephew Talos. They say that it
was Talos, at the age of twelve, who displayed a skill that nearly rivaled his mentor’s. Daedalus,
fearing that the boy would surpass him in talent, murdered the boy by tossing him from the
Acropolis of Athens.

He was then tried at the Areiopagus, which was the ancient Greek court, and banished
from his home city of Athens. He fled to the island of Crete, where he began to work at the court
of King Minos and Queen Pasiphae, in the magnificent palace of Knossos.

It is said that Daedalus was the first to

conceive masts and sails for ships for the navy
of Minos, helping Crete become a naval power.
The statues he carved were so exquisite, they
looked as if they were alive. It is said that they
would have escaped were it not for the chain
that bound them to the palace wall.

Daedalus also constructed a wooden

cow for the queen to hide in to satisfy her
amorous
longings for a white bull sent by Poseidon.

When the dreadful Minotaur was born,

Daedalus built the Labyrinth to contain the
monstrous half-man, half-bull. For years, Minos
demanded a tribute of youths from Athens to
feed the creature as punishment for the
accidental killing of his son while he was visiting
Athens.

Eventually, the Athenian hero Theseus

came to Crete to attempt to slay the Minotaur.
Princess Ariadne, daughter of King Minos and
Queen Pasiphae, fell in love with Theseus and
asked Daedalus to help him.

Daedalus gave her a flaxen thread for

Theseus to tie to the door of the Labyrinth as he entered, and by which he could find his way out
after killing the monster. Theseus succeeded, and escaped Crete with Ariadne.

Minos, enraged at the loss of his daughter, not to mention the killing of his pet Minotaur,
shut Daedalus and his son Icarus into the Labyrinth, knowing that Theseus could not have
accomplished the deed without inside help.

Daedalus managed to get out of the Labyrinth - after all, he had built it and knew his way
around. Daedalus decided that he and his son Icarus had to leave Crete and get away from
Minos, before he brought them harm.

However, Minos controlled the sea around Crete. The King kept strict watch on all
vessels, permitting none to sail without being carefully searched by his soldiers.

Since Minos controlled the land and sea routes, and there was no route of escape there;
Daedalus realized that the only way out was by air. But only the gods could fly!

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To escape, Daedalus built wings for himself and Icarus, fashioned with feathers held
together with wax. Daedalus tried the wings on himself first and was satisfied that his plan would
work.

Before taking off from the island, Daedalus warned his son to follow closely behind him.
He sternly cautioned Icarus not to fly too close to the sun, as it would melt his wings, and not too
close to the sea, as it would dampen them and make it hard to fly.
They successfully flew from Crete, but Icarus grew exhilarated by the thrill of flying and
began getting careless. The father and son passed the islands of Samos, Delos and Lebynthos,
and the further away from Crete they flew, the more cocky became Icarus.

Forgetting his father’s stern advice, Icarus flew too close to the sun god Helios, who was
pulling the sun behind his chariot high in the sky.

The wax holding together his wings softened and melted from the heat and, try as he
might, Icarus could not prevent the feathers from falling off his body. Furiously he flapped his
arms, but soon no feathers at all were left and he fell to his death, drowning in the sea, as his
helpless father watched his son perish with anguish.

His father cried, bitterly lamenting his own arts, and called the land near the place where
Icarus fell into the ocean Icaria in memory of his child. The Icarian Sea, where he fell, was
forever named after him and it is said that the great hero Heracles (Hercules), who was passing
by, gave him proper burial.

Daedalus grieved for his dead son and then continued to Sicily, where he came to stay
at the court of Cocalus in a place called Camicus. On the island’s south coast, Daedalus built a
temple for Apollo, and hung up his wings, as an offering to the Olympian god.

But vengeful King Minos wasn’t quite done — he then went in pursuit of Daedalus,
hoping to locate and trick the great inventor into revealing himself.

At each city he visited, Minos offered a reward to whoever could thread a spiral seashell,
a seemingly impossible task. Eventually, Minos came to Camicus in Sicily and presented the
contest at Cocalus’ court.

Cocalus knew of Daedalus’ talents, and gave the shell to him. The clever Daedalus tied
the string to an ant, placed the ant at one end of the shell, and allowed the ant to walk through
the spiral chambers until it came out the other end.

When Minos saw that someone had solved the puzzle, he demanded that Cocalus
surrender Daedalus, for he insisted that only he would have been inventive enough to solve the
task. King Cocalus promised to do so, but he persuaded Minos to first take a bath and stay for
some entertainment.

Minos agreed, and was consequently murdered by Cocalus’ daughters, who had been
totally impressed by the toys and gifts which Daedalus had bestowed upon them.

Daedalus eventually left Camicus, much to the dismay of King Cocalus and his
daughters, and ended up in Sardinia with a group led by Iolaus, who was a nephew of Heracles.

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Let’s Understand

After reading the story, answer the following questions. Write your answer in a 1 whole sheet of
paper.
1. Explain the consequences of Icarus's disobedience in the story.
2. How does Daedalus react when he realizes Icarus has flown too close to the sun?
3. Analyze the significance of the verbs used to describe Daedalus's construction of the
wings.
4. How do the verbs used to depict Icarus's flight path contribute to the tension in the story?
5. Discuss the role of verbs in conveying the emotions of both Daedalus and Icarus
throughout their journey.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Verb Hunt

Direction: Read the condensed retelling of a famous scene of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great
Gatsby. Underline all the verbs found in the selection and determine its type. Write the type of
underlined verb above the word.
Types of Verbs

AV =Action Verb LV =Linking Verb HV=Helping Verb

TV=Transitive Verb IV=Intransitive Verb RV=Regular

Verb

IRV=Irregular Verb

The Great Gatsby

By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Gatsby's lavish parties pulsed with life every weekend. Guests arrived in droves, their
cars gliding up the driveway, headlights cutting through the darkness. They streamed into the
opulent mansion, where music blared from speakers, laughter bubbled like champagne, and
dancers swirled across the marble floors.

Jay Gatsby himself materialized, weaving through the throng with practiced grace. He
greeted guests with a charming smile, his eyes gleaming with a mixture of mystery and
longing. Glasses clinked as bartenders poured drinks, and trays of delicacies circulated,
disappearing into hungry mouths.

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Couples twirled and dipped on the dance floor, lost in the intoxicating rhythm of the
jazz band. Conversations hummed in the air, punctuated by bursts of laughter and
exclamations. Outside, fireworks exploded in a riot of color, illuminating the night sky and
casting fleeting shadows on the revelers below.

As the night wore on, the party reached a crescendo of energy and excitement.
Gatsby moved among his guests like a conductor, orchestrating the festivities with effortless
precision. And in the midst of it all, amidst the glittering lights and pulsating music, whispers
swirled about the enigmatic host, his past shrouded in rumor and speculation.

But for now, in this moment, Gatsby was simply the master of ceremonies, presiding
over a spectacle of excess and exuberance that would linger in the memories of all who
attended, long after the last guest had departed and the echoes of the night had faded into
the dawn.

Activity 2: Finding Different Types of Verbs in Sentences

Direction: Underline the verb in each sentence and identify its type. Write your answer on the
blank.
Types of Verbs

AV =Action Verb LV =Linking Verb HV=Helping Verb

TV=Transitive Verb IV=Intransitive Verb RV=Regular

Verb

IRV=Irregular Verb

1. She plays soccer with her friends every weekend. _____

2. The flowers are blooming beautifully in the garden. _____
3. They will go to the concert tomorrow night. _____
4. The students have been preparing for the presentation all week. ______
5. The dog chased the cat down the street. ______
6. The teacher assigned homework to the students. ______
7. The leaves fell from the trees in autumn. ______
8. The sun sets over the horizon in the evening. ______
9. She walked to school every day last week. _______
10. They cleaned the house before the guests arrived. _____
11. The students worked together on the group project. _____
12. She began her journey to success many years ago. ______
13. They ate lunch at their favorite restaurant downtown. ______
14. The cake smells delicious fresh out of the oven. _____
15. He became a successful entrepreneur after years of hard work. ______
16. The singer performs on stage in front of a large audience. _______
17. We should study for the exam tonight. ______

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18. The dog bit the mailman when he approached the house. ______
19. She sang beautifully at the talent show last night. _______
20. The artist paints vibrant landscapes on canvas. _______

Activity 3: Transitive or Intransitive Verb

Direction: Underline the verb in the sentence and identify whether it is a transitive or intransitive
verb. Write TV for Transitive Verb and IV for Intransitive Verb.

___ 1. The chef prepared a delicious meal for the guests.

___ 2. The sun shone brightly in the sky.
___ 3. She read the book in one sitting.
___ 4. The flowers bloomed beautifully in the garden.
___ 5. He built a birdhouse for his backyard.
___ 6. The baby cried loudly for attention.
___ 7. They watched the movie together last night.
___ 8. The waves crashed against the shore.
___ 9. She ate her lunch quickly.
___ 10. The students studied for their exams late into the night.

Activity 4: Regular or Irregular Verb

Direction: Underline the verb in the sentence. Rewrite the sentence with the verb changed to
its past tense form to correct the sentence. Determine whether the verb follows a regular pattern
or an irregular pattern. Write RV for Regular verb and IV for Irregular verb on the blank before
the number.

___ 1. She walk to school every morning.

__________________________________________
___ 2. She begin her internship at the law firm last week.
___________________________________________
___ 3. They clean their room before the guests arrived.
___________________________________________
___ 4. They eat dinner at their favorite restaurant downtown.
___________________________________________
___ 5. He run five miles during his morning jog.
___________________________________________
___ 6. He finish his homework before dinner.
___________________________________________

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___ 7. The mechanic fix the car's engine yesterday.
____________________________________________
___ 8. The chef cook a delicious meal for the family.
_____________________________________________
___ 9. The dog bite the mailman when he entered the yard.
_____________________________________________
___ 10. She sing a beautiful song at the school talent show.
_____________________________________________

VIII. EVALUATION

Activity: Verb Sentence Builders

Direction: Construct 5 sentences in each type of verbs.
Action Verb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linking Verb
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Helping Verb
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Transitive Verb
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Intransitive Verb
21.
22.
23.

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24.
25.
Regular Verb
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Irregular Verb
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Activity: Verb Reflection Journal

Direction: Write in a journal all the verbs you encounter in various contexts (conversations,
reading, media, personal experiences, and other contexts). At the end of the week, reflect on
the role of verbs in communication and express how verbs contribute to conveying meaning
effectively. Please be guided by the rubric.

Score Description Remarks

Excellent The journal demonstrates a wide range of
verbs encountered in diverse contexts,
showcasing a deep understanding of their
/20 usage and significance. The reflection on the
role of verbs in communication is thoughtful,
insightful, and well-supported with specific
examples and explanations. Grammar,
spelling, and punctuation are impeccable.
Good The journal presents a variety of verbs
encountered in different contexts, indicating a
solid understanding of their usage. The
reflection on the role of verbs in
/15 communication is thoughtful and supported
with examples and explanations, though it
may lack the depth of insight seen in an
excellent submission. There may be few
errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation.
Fair The journal demonstrates some verbs
encountered in a few contexts, suggesting a
basic understanding of their usage. The
reflection on the role of verbs in
/10 communication is somewhat limited, with
minimal depth or insight and may lack specific
examples. Some grammatical errors may be
present, but they do not significantly impede

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readability.
Poor The journal shows minimal verbs encountered
or lacks evidence of exploration, indicating a
lack of understanding of their usage. The
/5 reflection on the role of verbs in
communication is either absent or very
superficial, lacking depth, insight, and specific
examples. Numerous grammatical errors
hinder readability and comprehension.
Total Score: General Impression: Recommendation:

/20

IX. REFERENCES

https://www.thesaurus.com/e/grammar/what-are-the-types-of-verbs/
https://englishlive.ef.com/en/blog/language-lab/action-verbs-linking-verbs/
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/
https://languagetool.org/insights/post/grammar-regular-vs-irregular-verbs/

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