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Components of A Generator

The document describes the key components of a generator, including the rotor, armature, coils, stator, and field electromagnets. It explains that the rotor consists of coils of wire that rotate within a magnetic field provided by the stator. It also describes how a DC generator uses a commutator and brushes to produce direct current, while an AC generator uses slip rings to produce alternating current.

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Khairul Alam Taifur
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65 views

Components of A Generator

The document describes the key components of a generator, including the rotor, armature, coils, stator, and field electromagnets. It explains that the rotor consists of coils of wire that rotate within a magnetic field provided by the stator. It also describes how a DC generator uses a commutator and brushes to produce direct current, while an AC generator uses slip rings to produce alternating current.

Uploaded by

Khairul Alam Taifur
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Components of a Generator

Rotor: In its simplest form, the rotor consists of a single loop of wire made to rotate within a magnetic field. In practice, the rotor usually consists of several coils of wire wound on an armature. Armature: The armature is a cylinder of laminated iron mounted on an axle. The axle is carried in bearings mounted in the external structure of the generator. Torque is applied to the axle to make the rotor spin. Coil: Each coil usually consists of many turns of copper wire wound on the armature. The two ends of each coil are connected either to two slip rings (AC) or two opposite bars of a split-ring commutator (DC). Stator: The stator is the fixed part of the generator that supplies the magnetic field in which the coils rotate. It may consist of two permanent magnets with opposite poles facing and shaped to fit around the rotor. Alternatively, the magnetic field may be provided by two electromagnets. Field electromagnets: Each electromagnet consists of a coil of many turns of copper wire wound on a soft iron core. The electromagnets are wound, mounted and shaped in such a way that opposite poles face each other and wrap around the rotor. Brushes: The brushes are carbon blocks that maintain contact with the ends of the coils via the slip rings (AC) or the split-ring commutator (DC), and conduct electric current from the coils to the external circuit. How DC generator works? The commutator rotates with the loop of wire just as the slip rings do with the rotor of an AC generator. Each half of the commutator ring is called a commutator segment and is insulated from the other half. Each end of the rotating loop of wire is connected to a commutator segment. Two carbon brushes connected to the outside circuit rest against the rotating commutator. One brush conducts the current out of the generator, and the other brush feeds it in. The commutator is designed so that, no matter how the current in the loop alternates, the commutator segment containing the outward-going current is always against the "out" brush at the proper time. The armature in a large DC generator has many coils of wire and commutator segments. Because of the commutator, engineers have found it necessary to have the armature serve as the rotor(the rotating part of an apparatus) and the field structure as the stator (a stationary portion enclosing rotating parts) Simple loop generator is having a single-turn rectangular copper coil rotating about its own axis in a magnetic field provided by either permanent magnet or electro magnets. In case of without commutator the two ends of the coil are joined to slip rings which are insulated from each other and from the central shaft. Two collecting brushes ( of carbon or copper) press against the slip rings. Their function is to collect the current induced in the coil. In this case the current

waveform we obtain is alternating current ( you can see in fig). In case of with commutator the slip rings are replaced by split rings. In this case the current is unidirectional.

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