Python Basics 1
Adit Murali
University of Strasbourg
1 Introduction
Adit Murali, PhD Candidate Prof. Nicolas Padoy
University of Strasbourg CAMMA
Surgical Video Analysis University of Strasbourg
2021 – Today IHU Strasbourg
Python Basics 1
2 Goals
• Python Fundamentals
• Numbers, Logic, Data Types
• Functions
• Conditionals
• Loops
• Classes
• Array/Matrix Operations
• Numpy
Python Basics 1
3 Data Types & Containers
• All forms of data can be categorized into a particular data type
• Integers (int): 1, 37, -58, …
• Floating Point Numbers (float): 3.8, -12.5, 7.0, …
• Strings (str): "hello", "czhds", "catch-22", "87"
• Defined using quotation marks
• Booleans (bool): True, False
• We can define variables to hold data
• my_var = "hello"
•a = 7
• ...and manipulate them
• b = a + 10 (b now has the value 17)
Python Basics 1
4 Data Types & Containers
• These data can be grouped through various types of containers
• Lists
• my_list = ["hello", 1, 7.0], …
• Can modify/add/remove elements as you wish
• Tuples
• my_tuple = ("this", "tuple", "has", 4, "elements")
• Cannot modify/add/remove elements
• Dictionaries
• Store data as key-value pairs - {key1: value1, key2: value2}
• Keys and values can both be any data type
• Values are accessed using the key
• my_dict = {"a": 10, 2: "hello", "my_key": -7.8}
• Can add/remove/modify elements
Python Basics 1
5 Data Types & Containers
• Some examples!
Python Basics 1
6 Functions
• Functions do stuff!
• Examples:
• print("Hello World!")
• sum([1, 4, 7.8, -10])
• Take inputs (values inside the parentheses), and give one
or more outputs
• Built-In & Custom
Python Basics 1
7 Conditionals and Loops
• Conditional statements allow a single python program to
do different tasks depending on the situation
• if conditionA do somethingA else if conditionB do so
methingB else do somethingC
• Loops allow repeating a certain action or series of
actions N times
• while conditionA do something
• for a = 0...10 do something
• for a in ["a", 37, 2.7, "hello"] do something
Python Basics 1
8 Functions + Conditionals and Loops
• Some examples!
Python Basics 1
9 Classes
• Just like functions do stuff, classes are stuff
• E.g. could create a dog class or a cat class
• Once a class is defined, you can create instances of a class
• To define a class:
• Create __init__ function, which is run when you create an instance
• Bob = Dog("Bob")
• We can access the attributes of a class
• Bob = Dog("Bob", 15)
• Bob.name, Bob.age
Python Basics 1
10 Classes
• Basic Example
Python Basics 1
11 Classes
• We use the self keyword when we want to refer to attributes
of a class when defining the class or it's member functions
• Inheritance
• Can also create classes that are subclasses of others
• e.g. class GoldenRetriever(Dog)
• Inherit all attributes, __init__, and member functions
Python Basics 1
12 Array and Matrix Operations
• Machine learning often involves mathematical operations
on matrices
• We use numpy to handle such operations
• import numpy as np
• Countless other external libraries
• import libraryx as libx
Python Basics 1
13 Array and Matrix Operations
• Create array (2D, 3D, … all called array)
• M_0 = np.zeros([10, 10])
• M_rand = np.random.randn(10, 10)
• Check shape
• M_0.shape
• Add/Subtract
• M_0 + M_rand, M_0 – M_rand
• Multiply
• Element-Wise: np.multiply(M_0, M_rand)
• Matrix Multiply: np.dot(M_0, M_rand)
• Reshape
• M.reshape(5, 20)
Python Basics 1
14 Array and Matrix Operations
• Some examples!
Python Basics 1
