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This document contains the details of Assignment 1 for the course Mathematical Methods. It includes 6 questions related to integral equations and their properties. Students are asked to show the equivalence of certain homogeneous problems, prove properties of integral equations, discuss existence and uniqueness, solve examples using successive approximations, and find characteristic numbers and resolvent kernels for given kernels. The assignment is due on February 29, 2024 between 5:40-5:50 PM during the lecture class.

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15 views

Assignment

This document contains the details of Assignment 1 for the course Mathematical Methods. It includes 6 questions related to integral equations and their properties. Students are asked to show the equivalence of certain homogeneous problems, prove properties of integral equations, discuss existence and uniqueness, solve examples using successive approximations, and find characteristic numbers and resolvent kernels for given kernels. The assignment is due on February 29, 2024 between 5:40-5:50 PM during the lecture class.

Uploaded by

f20221642
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus

Assignment 1
Course No.: MATH F241 Course Title: Mathematical Methods
Max. Marks: 10 Due Date: 29-Feb.-2024
Submission Time: 5:40 PM to 5:50 PM in lecture class
Answer all the questions

1. Assume that P (x) ∈ C 0 ([a, b]), and Q(x) ∈ C([a, b]). Let L(y)(x) = y 00 (x) + P (x)y 0 (x) + Q(x)y(x),
x ∈ (a, b). Now set
BC1 (y) = A1 y(a) + A2 y 0 (a),
BC2 (y) = B1 y(b) + B2 y 0 (b)
where (A1 , A2 ) 6= (0, 0) and (B1 , B2 ) 6= (0, 0). Show that the following are equivalent:
ˆ The
 homogeneous problem
Ly = 0,

BC1 (y) = 0,

BC2 (y) = 0

has trivial solution only.
ˆ The equation Ly = 0 has linearly independent solution ψ1 , ψ2 such that BC1 (ψ1 ) = 0,
BC2 (ψ2 ) = 0.
ˆ There exists two linearly independent solutions ψ1 and ψ2 to Ly = 0, such that
BC1 (ψ1 )BC2 (ψ2 ) − BC1 (ψ2 )BC2 (ψ1 ) 6= 0.
2. Prove the following
(a) Let F ∈ C([a, b]), K ∈ C([a, b] × [a, b]) then ∀ λ there exists a unique y ∈ C([a, b]) which solves
Z x
y(x) = F (x) + λ K(x, ξ)y(ξ)dξ.
a
∞
λn Kn (x, ξ)F (ξ) is uniformly
P
(b) Assume the hypothesis of (2a). Prove that for every fixed x,
n=1
convergent in [a, x]. Moreover, the solution of Volterra integral equation is
Z x
y(x) = F (x) + λ R(x, ξ; λ)F (ξ)dξ,
a
where R is the resolvent kernel.
3. Let λ ∈ R. Discuss the existence and uniqueness for the integral equation
Z π
y(x) = x + λ K(x, ξ)y(ξ)dξ,
−π
2
where K(x, ξ) = x cos ξ + ξ sin x + cos x sin ξ.
4. Using the method of successive approximations, solve the integral equation
Z x
y(x) = 1 + y(ξ)dξ, taking y0 (x) = 0.
0

5. Find the characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions of the homogeneous integral equations if the
kernel is given by
K(x, ξ) = e−|x−ξ| , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ ξ ≤ 1.
6. Find the resolvent kernels for Volterra-type integral equations when the kernel is given by
K(x, ξ) = ax−ξ , a > 0.

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