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Tutorial 2-1

This document contains 4 questions regarding mass and energy balance calculations for different separation process systems. Question 1 involves mixing two sulfuric acid solutions and calculating the mass fraction and feed ratio. Question 2 describes a distillation column with multiple feeds and products and asks about material balances. Question 3 presents a liquid extraction process and asks about material balances and calculating flow rates. Question 4 provides information on a two-column distillation system and asks to draw a flowchart, identify equations that can be written, and calculate percentages of components in different streams.

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19 views

Tutorial 2-1

This document contains 4 questions regarding mass and energy balance calculations for different separation process systems. Question 1 involves mixing two sulfuric acid solutions and calculating the mass fraction and feed ratio. Question 2 describes a distillation column with multiple feeds and products and asks about material balances. Question 3 presents a liquid extraction process and asks about material balances and calculating flow rates. Question 4 provides information on a two-column distillation system and asks to draw a flowchart, identify equations that can be written, and calculate percentages of components in different streams.

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pritiksha.mathapersad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of KwaZulu-Natal

School of Engineering

Module Code: ENCH2MB

Module Title: Mass and Energy Balances

Tutorial 2 Mass Balances


QUESTION 1. Two aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing 20.0 wt%H 2SO4 (SG= 1.139)
and 60.0 wt% H2SO4 (SG= 1.498) are mixed to form a 4.00 molar solution (SG=1.213).
(a) Calculate the mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the product solution.
(b) Taking 100 kg of the 20% feed solution as a basis, draw and label a flowchart of this
process, labeling both masses and volumes, and do the degree-of-freedom analysis. Calculate
the feed ratio (liters 20% solution/liter 60% solution).
(c) What feed rate of the 60% solution (L/h) would be required to produce 1250 kg/h of the
product?

QUESTION 2. A distillation column is a process unit in which a feed mixture is separated


by multiple partial vaporizations and condensations to form two or more product streams.
The overhead product stream is rich in the most volatile components of the feed mixture (the
ones that vaporize most readily), and the bottom product stream is rich in the least volatile
components. The following flowchart shows a distillation column with two feed streams and
three product streams:
a. How many independent material balances may be written for this system?
b. How many of the unknown flow rates and/or mole fractions must be specified before the
others may be calculated? Briefly explain your answer.
c. Write the 3 balance equations

QUESTION 3. Liquid extraction is an operation used to separate the components of a liquid


mixture of two or more species. In the simplest case, the mixture contains two components: a
solute (A) and a liquid solvent (B). The mixture is contacted in an agitated vessel with a
second liquid solvent (C) that has two key properties: A dissolves in it, and B is immiscible
or nearly immiscible with it. (For example, B may be water, C a hydrocarbon oil, and A a
species that dissolves in both water and oil.) Some of the A transfers from B to C, and then
the B-rich phase (the affinate) and the C-rich phase (the extract) separate from each other in a
settling tank. If the raffinate is then contacted with fresh C in another stage, more A will be
transferred from it. This process can be repeated until essentially all of the A has been
extracted from the B. Shown below is a flowchart of a process in which acetic acid (A) is
extracted from a mixture of acetic acid and water (B) into 1-hexanol (C), a liquid immiscible
with water.
a. What is the maximum number of independent material balances that can be written for
this process?
b. Calculate ,ṁC , ṁ Eand , ṁR using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing
balances in an order such that you never have an equation that involves more than one
unknown variable.

QUESTION 4. A liquid mixture containing 30.0 mole% benzene (B), 25.0% toluene (T), and
the balance xylene (X) is fed to a distillation column. The bottom product contains 98.0 mole
% X and no B, and 96.0% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The overhead
product is fed to a second column. The overhead product from the second column contains
97.0% of the B in the feed to this column. The composition of this stream is 94.0 mole% B
and the balance T.
(a) Draw and label a flowchart of this process and do the degree-of-freedom analysis to prove
that for an assumed basis of calculation, molar flow rates and compositions of all process
streams can be calculated from the given information. Write in order the equations you would
solve to calculate unknown process variables. In each equation (or pair of simultaneous
equations), circle the variable(s) for which you would solve. Do not do the calculations.
(b) Calculate (i) the percentage of the benzene in the process feed (i.e., the feed to the first
column) that emerges in the overhead product from the second column and (ii) the percentage
of toluene in the process feed that emerges in the bottom product from the second column.

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