PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

Intramuros, Manila

College of Engineering and

Technology Electrical Engineering
Department

Electronic Components

ELE 0223 – Electronic Circuits: Devices and Analysis

(Lab)

Garcia, Randred John C. March 18, 2021

BSEE 2-1

Engr. Andrew G. Bitancor, P.E.E.

Professor
 WIRES AND CONNECTIONS
Symbol Actual Component Function
To pass current very easily from
one part of a circuit to another.

Wire

A 'blob' should be drawn where

wires are connected (joined),
but it is sometimes omitted.
Wires connected at 'crossroads'
should be staggered slightly to
Wires joined form two T-junctions, as shown
on the right.
In complex diagrams it is often
necessary to draw wires
crossing even though they are
not connected. I prefer the
'bridge' symbol shown on the
right because the simple
Wires not joined crossing on the left may be
misread as a join where you
have forgotten to add a 'blob'.

POWER SUPPLIES
Symbol Actual Component Function
Used to provide a supply for a
circuit.

Cell

A battery has more than a cell

and is used for the same
purpose. The smaller terminal is
negative and the larger one is
positive. Abbreviated as ‘B’.
Battery

Used as a DC power supply, that

is, the current will always flow
in one direction.

DC Supply
 Used as AC power supply, that
is, the current will keep
alternating directions.

AC Supply
Used in circuits where a
probability of excessive current
flows. The fuse will break the
circuit if excessive current
flows and saves the other
Fuse devices from damage.

Used as an ac power supply.

Consists of two coils, the
primary and secondary that are
linked together through an iron
core. There is no physical
connection between the two
coils. The principle of mutual
Transformer inductance is used to obtain
power. Abbreviated as ‘T’.
Used in electronic circuits to
represent the 0 volts of the
power supply. It can also be
defined as the real earth, when it
is applied in radio circuits and
power circuits.

Earth/Ground

RESISTORS
Symbol Actual Component Function
A resistor is used to restrict the
amount of current flow through
a device. Abbreviated as ‘R’.

Resistor
 A rheostat is used to control
the current flow with two
contacts. Applicable in
controlling lamp brightness,
capacitor charge rate, etc.

Rheostat
A potentiometer is used to
control the voltage flow and has
three contacts. Have
applications in changing a
mechanical angle change to an
Potentiometer electrical parameter.
Abbreviated as ‘POT’.

Presets are low-cost variable

resistors that are used to control
the charge flow with the help of
a screwdriver. Applications
where the resistance is
determined only at the end of
the circuit design.
Preset

CAPACITORS
Symbol Actual Component Function
Capacitor is a device that is
used to store electrical energy.
It consists of two metals plates
that are separated by a
dielectric. It is applicable as a
filter, that is, to block DC signals
Capacitor and allow AC signals.
Abbreviated with the letter ‘C’.

Capacitor can be used in a timer

circuit by adding a resistor.

Capacitor-polarized
 Used to vary the capacitance by
turning the knob. A type of
variable capacitor is the trimmer
capacitor that is small in size.
The notations are all the same.

Variable Capacitor

DIODES
Symbol Actual Component Function
A diode is used to allow electric
current to flow in only one
direction. Abbreviated as ‘D’.

Diode
LED is used to emit light when
a current is passed through the
device. It is abbreviated as LED.

Light Emitting Diode

After a breakdown voltage, the
device allows current to flow in
the reverse direction as well. It
is abbreviated as ‘Z’.

Zener Diode

Photodiode works as a
photodetector and converts light
into its corresponding voltage or
current.

Photo Diode
Tunnel Diode is known for its
high-speed operation due to its
application in quantum
mechanical effects.
Tunnel Diode
 The Schottky Diode is known
for its large forward voltage
drop and hence has great
applications in switching
circuits.
Schottky Diode

TRANSISTORS
Symbol Actual Component Function
This is a transistor with a layer
of P-doped semiconductor fixed
between two layers of N-doped
semiconductors that act as the
emitter and collector.
Abbreviated as ‘Q’.

NPN Transistor
This is a transistor with a layer
of N-doped semiconductor
fixed between two layers of P-
doped semiconductors that act
as the emitter and collector.
Abbreviated as ‘Q’.

PNP Transistor
The working of
a phototransistor is similar to
that of a bipolar transistor with
a difference that it converts light
into its corresponding current.
The phototransistor can also act
as a photodiode if the emitter is
Phototransistor not connected.

Like a transistor, a FET has

three terminals, the Gate,
Source and Drain. The device
has an electric field that controls
the conductivity of a channel of
one type of charge carrier in a
Field Effect Transistor semiconductor substance.
 The Junction Field Effect
Transistor (JFET) is the
simplest type of FET with
applications in Switching and
voltage variable resistor. In an
N-channel JFET an N-type
silicon bar has two smaller
pieces of P-type silicon material
N-Channel Junction FET diffused on each sides of its
middle part, forming P-N
junctions.
P-channel JFET is similar in
construction to N-channel JFET
except that P-type
semiconductor base is
sandwiched between two N-
type junctions. In this case
majority carriers are holes.
P-Channel Junction FET
Abbreviated as
MOSFET. MOSFET is a three
terminal device and is
controlled by a gate bias. It is
known for its low capacitance
and low input impedance.

Metal Oxide Semiconductor

FET
The enhancement MOSFET
structure has no channel formed
during its construction. Voltage
is applied to the gate, so as to
develop a channel of charge
carriers so that a current result
when a voltage is applied across
Enhancement MOSFET the drain-source terminals.
Abbreviated as e-MOSFET.
In the depletion-mode
construction a channel is
physically constructed and a
current between drain and
source is due to voltage applied
across the drain-source
terminals. Abbreviated as d-
MOSFET.

Depletion MOSFET
 LOGIC GATES
Symbol Actual Component Function
If all the inputs of an AND gate
are HIGH, then the output will
also be HIGH. If any one of
them is LOW, the output will
also be LOW.
AND Gate

Short form for NOT AND Gate.

Of all the inputs are HIGH, the
output will be LOW. If anyone
input is LOW, the output will be
HIGH.

NAND Gate
If any one of the inputs is
HIGH, the output will also be
HIGH. If both inputs are LOW,
the output will also be LOW.

OR Gate
Short form for NOT OR. If both
inputs are LOW, the output will
also be LOW. For other cases,
the output will be HIGH.

NOR Gate
Short form for Exclusive NOR.
If both inputs are in LOW state
r HIGH state, the output will be
LOW. If both inputs are
different, the output will be
HIGH.
XOR Gate
Short form for Exclusive NOT
OR. If both the inputs are the
same, the output will be HIGH.
If both are different, the output
will also be different.

XNOR Gate
 Also known as the inverter
Gate. There is only one input for
this gate. If the input is HIGH,
the output will be LOW. If the
input is LOW, the output will be
HIGH.
NOT Gate

METERS
Symbol Actual Component Function
Voltmeter is used to measure
the voltage at a certain point in
the circuit.

Voltmeter

An Ammeter is used to measure

the current that passes through
the circuit at a particular point.

Ammeter

A galvanometer is used to
measure very small currents in
the order of 1 milli ampere or
less.

Galvanometer

Resistance of the circuit is

measured using an Ohmmeter.

Ohmmeter
 An oscilloscope is used to
measure the voltage and time
period of signals along with
their shape display.

Oscilloscope

SENSORS
Symbol Actual Component Function
It is abbreviated as LDR. Light
Dependent Resistor is used to
convert light into its
corresponding resistance.
Instead of directly measuring
the light, it senses the heat
content and converts it onto
Light Dependent Resistor resistance.

Instead of directly measuring

the light, a thermistor senses
the heat content and converts it
into resistance. Abbreviated as
‘TH’.

Thermistor

SWITCHES
Symbol Actual Component Function
This is an ordinary switch that
passes current only upon
pressing.

Push Switch
The push to break switch is
usually kept in the ON state
(closed). It turns to OFF state
(open) only when the switch is
pressed.
Push to Break Switch
 Also known as the ON/OFF
switch. This switch allows the
flow of current only when it is
kept ON. Abbreviated as SPST.

Single Pole Single Throw

Switch
Also known as the 2-way
switch. It can be also called as
an ON/OFF/ON switch as it has
an OFF position in the center.
The switch causes the flow of
current in two directions,
depending on its position. It can
Single Pole Double Throw be abbreviated as SPDT.
Switch
Abbreviated as DPST. Can also
be called as a dual ON-OFF
switch. This is used to isolate
between the live and neutral
connections in the main
electrical line.
Double Pole Single Throw
Switch
Abbreviated as DPDT. The
switch uses a central OFF
position and is applied as
reversing switch for motors.

Double Pole Double Throw

Switch
Relay is abbreviated as ‘RY’.
This device can easily switch a
230 Volt AC mains circuit. It
has three switching stages
called Normally Open (NO).
Normally Closed (NC), and
Common (COM).
Relay
 AUDIO AND RADIO DEVICE
Symbol Actual Component Function
This device is used for
converting sound to its
corresponding electrical energy.
Abbreviated as ‘MIC’.

Microphone

Does the reverse process of

microphone and converts
electrical energy into sound.

Earphone

Does the same operation as an

earphone, but converts an
amplified version of the
electrical energy into its
corresponding sound.

Loudspeaker

It is a transducer that converts

electrical energy into sound.

Piezo-transducer
Used to amplify a signal. It is
mainly used to represent a
whole circuit rather than just
one component.

Amplifier
 This device is used to
transmit/receive signals.
Abbreviated as ‘AE’.

Aerial

OUTPUT DEVICES
Symbol Actual Component Function
This is used to provide light for
the output.

Lighting Lamp

Used to convert electrical

energy into light. The best
example is the warning light on
a car dashboard.

Indicator Lamp

This transducer is used to

change electrical energy into
heat.

Heater

Inductor is used to produce a

magnetic field when a certain
current is passed through a coil
of wire. The wire is coiled on a
soft iron core. Have applications
in motors, and tank circuits.
Inductor Abbreviated as ‘L’.
 This device is used to convert
electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Can be used
as a generator as well.
Abbreviated as ‘M’.

Motor
Used to produce a sound as the
output, according to the
electrical energy produced as
the input.

Bell
It is used to produce an output
sound corresponding to the
electrical energy in the input.

Buzzer

Source:
https://www.circuitstoday.com/electronic-circuit-symbols