Sentence replacement

Directions(1-38) In the sentences below , a part is underlined which may or may not have any
error. Pick the option that can best replace the underlined fragment.

1. Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honoured experimental subject, has
enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unravelled by scientists.

A) Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honoured experimental subject, has
enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unravelled by scientists.

B) By the study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance and also a time-honoured experimental subject,
it was possible for the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unravelled by scientists.

C) By studying a household nuisance but a time-honoured experimental subject, the fruit fly enabled
scientist to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop.

D) The study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honoured experimental subject, has
enabled scientist to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop.

2. Japan’s abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperature throughout most of the country have
produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, it
has made possible the raising of a variety of crops.

A) it has made possible the raising of

B) has made possible for them to raise

C) have made it possible to raise

D) have made it possible for raising

3. In archaeology, there must be a balance between explanation of the value and workings of
archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote respect for
archaeological sites.

A) between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past
and present cultures, and to promote

B) among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and
present cultures, and promoting

C) between explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and
present cultures, and when promoting

D) among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revelation of the mysteries of past
and present cultures, and to promote

4. Vivien Thomas, who had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds, he
became a cardiac surgeon and eventually to receive an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins
University.

A) who had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds, he became
B) having had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds to become

C) who, having no formal medical training, he struggled against overwhelming odds in becoming

D) who had no formal medical training, struggled against overwhelming odds to become

5. Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the
number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47
million, are at a record high.

(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s
and, at nearly 47 million, reaching

(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s
and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

(D) enrollment: the number of student in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and,
at nearly 47 million, has reached

6.The teacher reprimanded his class, saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor
was he willing to accept their rowdy behavior.

A.saying that he was pleased neither with their poor work nor willing to accept their rowdy behavior.

B.saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor willing to accept their rowdy behavior.

C.saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work or willing to accept their rowdy behavior.

D.saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor was he willing to accept their rowdy
behavior.

7. It ought to be her with whom you share your secrets, not me.

A. her with whom you share your secrets, not me

B. her with whom you share your secrets, not I.

C. she with whom you share your secrets, not me.

D. she with whom you share your secrets, not I.

8. The impostor eluded detection for so long because she conducted herself as though she were a
licensed practitioner.

A. as though she were a licensed practitioner.

B. as though she was a licensed practitioner.

C. like as if she was a licensed practitioner.

D. as if she was a practitioner with a license.

9. The best way to encourage innovative thinking is not to promise financial rewards for ideas, but to
ensure that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution.

A. but to ensure that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution.

B. but to ensure that the person who makes the suggestion will be receiving recognition for his
contribution.

C. but rather by ensuring that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his
contribution.

D. but rather ensure that suggestion-maker receives recognition for his contribution.

10. In the initial stages of learning a new language we learn more through listening and attempting
to copy speech patterns and not through reading grammar books.

A. and attempting to copy speech patterns and not through reading grammar books.

B. and attempting to copy speech patterns than through reading grammar books.

C. and attempts to copy speech patterns than through reading grammar books.

D. and attempts at copying speech patterns than through reading grammar books.

11. The man was always aware, sometimes proudly and sometimes resentfully, that he was a small-
town Midwesterner who was thrust into a world that was dominated by wealthier, better-educated,
and more polished people than him.

(A) who was thrust into a world that was dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more
polished people than him

(B) who had been thrust into a world that was dominated by more wealthy, educated, and polished
people than him

(C) thrust into a world dominated by more wealthy, educated, and polished people than him

(D) thrust into a world dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished people than he

12. The major areas of medicine in which lasers are effective is in the cutting and closing of blood
vessels, and in the destruction of tumors.

(A) is in the cutting and closing of blood vessels, and in the destruction

(B) are the cutting and closing of blood vessels, and also the case of destroying

(C) are the cutting, closing of blood vessels, and in the destroying

(D) are the cutting and closing of blood vessels, and the destruction

13. Although one link in the chain was demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require
the recall of the automobile.

(A) demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require

(B) demonstrated as weak, but it was not sufficiently so that it required

(C) demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require

(D) demonstrably weak, it was not weak enough that it required

14. Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer from what remained of the
inscription that the priest Zonainos was buried in the crypt.

(A) Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer

(B) Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists had inferred

(C) Although it had been partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer

(D) Partially destroyed though it had been, the archaeologists had been able to infer

15. Among the emotions on display in the negotiating room were anger for repeatedly raising the
issue over and over again and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles from ever beginning
to heal.

(A) were anger for repeatedly raising the issue over and over again and preventing the raw wounds
from earlier battles from ever beginning to heal

(B) was anger for repeatedly raising the issue and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles
from ever beginning to heal

(C) were anger over repeatedly raising the issue and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles
to begin healing

(D) was anger about the issue, which was raised over and over, and preventing the wounds from
earlier battles, still raw, to begin healing

16. The residents’ opposition to the spraying program has rekindled an old debate among those who
oppose the use of pesticides and those who feel that the pesticides are necessary to save the trees.

(A) among those who oppose the use of pesticides and

(B) between those who oppose the use of pesticides and

(C) among those opposing the use of pesticides with

(D) between those who oppose the use of pesticides with

17.As envisioned by researchers, commercial farming of lobsters will enable fisheries to sell the
shellfish year-round, taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize its sizes and colors, and to
predict sales volume in advance.

(A) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize

(B) taking advantage of off-season demand, to standardize

(C) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardizing

(D) take advantage of off-season demand, standardizing

18. As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, many scientists now believe that
all of the information encoded in 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are
contained in merely three percent of the cell’s DNA.

(A) 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely

(B) 50,000 to 100,000 of the human cell’s different genes are contained in a mere
(C) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely

(D) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere

19. As rare as something becomes, be it a baseball card or a musical recording or a postage stamp,
the more avidly it is sought by collectors.

(A) As rare as something becomes, be it

(B) As rare as something becomes, whether it is

(C) The rarer something becomes, like

(D) The rarer something becomes, whether it is

20. As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, and
these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and rising rental rates force them to use far more
than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-
offs to offset the expenditures.

(A) and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and

(B) since these families can no longer afford to buy homes, furthermore

(C) for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet

(D) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes; however,

21.As sales of cars and light trucks made in North America were declining 13.6 percent in late
February, many analysts conclude that evidence of a recovering automotive market remains slight.

(A) As sales of cars and light trucks made in North America were declining 13.6 percent in late
February, many analysts conclude

(B) With sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declining 13.6 percent in late February,
with many analysts concluding

(C) Because sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declined 13.6 percent in late
February, many analysts concluded

(D) Because of sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declining 13.6 percent in late
February, therefore, many analysts concluded

22.Bankers require that the financial information presented to them by mortgage applicants be
complete and follow a prescribed format.

(A) be complete and follow a prescribed format

(B) is complete and it follows a prescribed format

(C) to be complete and a prescribed format be following

(D) be completed, and it followed a prescribed format

23. Based on accounts of various ancient writers , scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the
activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess
known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”

(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers

(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts

(C) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used

(D) Using accounts of various ancient writers

24.Because the Earth’s crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an
earthquake of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern
United States than it does in the West.

(A) of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States
than it does in the West

(B) will typically devastate 100 times the area in the eastern United States than one of the
comparable magnitude occurring in the West

(C) in the eastern United States will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will a quake of
comparable magnitude occurring in the West

(D) that occurs in the eastern United States will typically devastate 100 times more area than if it
occurred with comparable magnitude in the West

25. Because the enemy’s new ship is the quietest and it is therefore the most elusive submarine, it is
being increasingly viewed by the military as a threat to security.

(A) and it is therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed

(B) it is therefore the most elusive of submarines, and it has increased the view

(C) and therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed

(d) therefore being the most elusive of submarines, it is increasingly viewed

26.Cartographers have long struggled with the problem of having the spherical Earth to draw on a
flat sheet of paper.

(A) having the spherical Earth to draw on a flat sheet of paper

(B) having a flat sheet of paper on which to draw the spherical Earth

(C) how can one draw the spherical Earth on a flat sheet of paper

(D) how to draw the spherical Earth on a flat sheet of paper

27. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a late nineteenth-century feminist, called for urban apartment houses
including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social
facilities.

(A) including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and
social facilities

(B) that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating
and social facilities

(C) with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating
and social facilities

(D) that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and
social facilities.

28.Chicago, where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other
American city, was plagued by labor troubles like the Pullman Strikes of 1894.

(A) where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city

(B) which had industrial growth in the nineteenth century more rapid than that of other American
cities

(C) whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than that of any other
American city

(D) whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city

29.Clark and Florence Wallace, a husband-and-wife medical team, worked steadily and efficiently
through the night, but sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed
disoriented.

(A) sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented

(B) sipping their coffee the next morning, he seemed to be disoriented, she noticed

(C) as they sipped their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented

(D) he seemed disoriented, she noticed, sipping their coffee the next morning

30. Contrary to popular opinion, the movement toward a service economy is leading neither to
lower standards of living, more of an unequal distribution of income, or displacing the physical
production of goods.

(A) leading neither to lower standards of living, more of an unequal distribution of income, or

(B) leading neither to lower standards of living nor a more unequal distribution of income, or

(C) not leading to either lower standards of living nor to more of an unequal distribution of income,
and neither is it

(D) not leading to lower standards of living or to a more unequal distribution of income, nor is it
31.Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decades, stringent rationing
and planned distribution have allowed the People’s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of
2,000 calories per person per day for its population.

(A) Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during

(B) Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in

(C) Despite there being hardly any increase in its per capita food supply during

(D) Although there is hardly any increase in per capita food supply for

32.Eaten in the Mediterranean countries, northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for
they assumed it had poisonous properties because of its relationship to deadly nightshade.

(A) northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for they

(B) northern Europeans were suspicious of the tomato, and they

(C) the tomato was viewed with suspicion by northern Europeans, who

(D) the tomato was suspicious to northern Europeans, and it was

33.Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in high-paying fields
like electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more diversified than ten years ago.

(A) high-paying fields like electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more diversified
than

(B) high-paying fields like electronics and banking, and making the state’s economy far more
diversified than its economy

(C) such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more
diversified than it was

(D) such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, and make the state’s economy far more
diversified than it was

34.Following the destruction of the space shuttle Challenger, investigators concluded that many key
people employed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its contractors work an
excessive amount of overtime that has the potential of causing errors in judgment.

(A) overtime that has the potential of causing

(B) overtime that has the potential to cause

(C) overtime, a practice that has the potential for causing

(D) overtime, a practice that can, potentially, cause

35.Framed by traitorous colleagues, Alfred Dreyfus was imprisoned for twelve years before there
was exoneration and his freedom.

(A) there was exoneration and his freedom

(B) he was to be exonerated with freedom

(C) being exonerated and freed

(D) exoneration and his freedom

36. In the main, incidents of breakdowns in nuclear reactors have not resulted from lapses of high
technology but commonplace inadequacies in plumbing and wiring.

(A) not resulted from lapses of high technology but

(B) resulted not from lapses of high technology but from

(C) resulted from lapses not of high technology but

(D) resulted from lapses not of high technology but have stemmed from

37. Margaret Courtney-Clarke has traveled to remote dwellings in the Transvaal to photograph the
art of Ndebele women, whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries
embellished with old and new iconography and in a style that varies from woman to woman and
house to house.

(A) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new
iconography and in a style that varies from woman to woman and house to house.

(B) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries are embellished with old and
new iconography, and their style is varying among women and houses.

(C) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries are embellished with old and
new iconography, and they are in styles that vary from woman to woman and house to house.

(D) with murals brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new
iconography, and their style varies among women and houses.

38.The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns
in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, loosening the interest
rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

(A) loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be
undercapitalized

(B) loosening the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized

(C) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be
undercapitalized
(D) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear that the company may still be
undercapitalized

Directions(39-45)Each question has four sentences. Identify the sentence which is grammatically
correct.

39.A Each of the six boys in the class has finished their task.

B One must finish his task in time.

C Either Ram or Shyam will give their book.

D Each of the girls must carry her own bag.

40.A The reason why he missed his classes was that he overslept.

B Before the rain would stop, they would have reached home.

C When you will come to see me, we will go to Mumbai.

D.I have written both to their branch office and head office

41.A.She said that if they were me , they would help him.

B.They told that she was an amazing and beautiful girl.

C.She asked him that why she told lie to them.

D.They exclaimed with surprise that that was a beautiful house.

42.1.A I forgot that they are coming today.

B I met her more frequently than I meet you.

C.This course is challenging and an inspiration.

D She is confident to speak English within six month.

43.A The convict escaped from prison and went to abroad.

B Did he travel by taxi, train or by plane?

C Visualizing success is not the same as achieving it.

D I would do anything for my friend but not my neighbour.

44.A.she died of negligence two years ago.

b.This party was not affiliated to that party.

c. the Minister may have exceeded the powers conferred to him by Parliament"

d. she was blind with both the eyes.

45. A Will you pay by cash or demand draft?

B Do you remember that Mr. Mehta had made delicious kebabs and that he often held barbeque
parties?

C There are, without a doubt, many good dishes to try here.

D The class teacher told Mrs. Kapoor that neither Priya nor Shikha are good dancers.

Directions(46-47)Four sentences are given below with two words marked A and B. Pick the correct
word from each sentence and then pick the option accordingly.

46.A.In almost every section of his speech,(A) malfeasance /(B) misfeasance or illegal practices
were mentioned.

B.She was (A)envious/ (B)jealous of her sister’s beauty.

C.1. He accused her of being (A)vindicative/(B)vindictive.

D.The two nations settled their quarrel in an(A)amiable/(B) amicable way.

a.ABBA

b.AABB

c.ABAB

d.BBBB

47.A.Love is a force (A) immanent /(B) imminent in the world.

B.A (A)willing /(B)willful fault has no excuse and deserves no pardon

C.Children are the most (A)venerable/(B)vulnerable members of society .

D. The little girl was (A)loathe/(B) loath to leave her mother.

a. ABBB
b.AABB

c.ABAB

d.BBAB

Directions (48-50)Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs to make the sentences meaningful.

48.My doctor wants me to …………… on sweets and fatty foods.

(a) cut up

(b) cut back

(c) cut out

(d) cut along

49.I am ……………………. you to make dinner while I am out.

(a) counting in

(b) counting over

(c) counting on

(d) counting out

50.I ……………… these old photos when I was tidying the closet.

(a) came towards

(b) came behind

(c) came along

(d) come across

Directions(51-52) Match the words given in column A with their meanings given in column B

A B

51.A.Travestyi. the process of reasoning

B.Grotesqueii.indication

C.Bellwetheriii.deformed

D.Ratiocinationiv.false representation of truth

a.A- iv ,B- ii ,C- iii ,D-i

b. A- i ,B- ii ,C- iii ,D- iv

c. A- iv ,B- iii ,C- ii ,D-i

d. A- iii ,B- iv ,C- i ,D-ii

A B

52..A.PerditionI.eternal punishment

B.Hardlinerii.uncompromising

C.Cortegeiii.funeral procession

D.Coterie iv. A group of persons

a. A - iv ,B - i ,C -iii ,D - ii

b. A - i ,B -iii ,C - ii ,D - iv

c. A - i ,B -ii ,C - iii ,D - iv

d. A - iv,B - ii ,C - iii ,D - i

Directions(53)Match the phrasal verbs given in column A with their meanings given in column B

A B

53.A.Run into i. to resemble

B.Take after ii. To meet SB unexpectedly

C.Come off iii. To embezzle

D.Siphoned off iv. To succeed

a. A- ii , B- i , C- iv , D- iii

b. A- ii , B- iii , C- i , D- iv

c. A- iv , B- i , C-ii , D-iii

d. A- iii , B- i , C- ii , D- iv

Directions(54-55)In each of the following options, the same word has been used in different
sentences in different ways. Choose the option where the word has been used incorrectly.

54.A He got carried away with the unruly mob and indulged in stone pelting

B She carried on with life in spite of her personal difficulties.

C It will be difficult to carry out the plan now

D If they get carried on with their overspending, they will soon be bankrupt.

55.A Hang over for a minute, and I will attend to you

B He decided to hang up his boots after his poor form in the last season.

C Please do not hang around outside our gate.

D She was hanging on to each word I spoke.

Directions(56-57)Which of the following groups of words is working as both noun and verb?

56.1.a.Shepherd , travesty, school

b.Grostesque , travesty, better

c.Cowardly, miser , school

d.Panache, panacea. Heist

57.a. Panacea ,hiccup , harbinger

b.commotion , ruckus ,rumpus

c. Pantheon ,Coterie ,Cortege

d.bind , credential ,hiccup

Directions(58-60) Paragraphs are given below with a blank in them. Fill in the blank with
sentence/sentences to make them meaningful.

58.Psychology is basically a science of behaviour, the study of mind _____________As complexities

of society increase, psychologists in general and clinics in particular, will be in great demand in social,
educational and industrial spheres.

(A) Remuneration in the corporate sector is the highest though salaries vary according to job profile.

(B) Its scope includes the study of perception, memory, emotions and attitudes in humans and
animals.

(C) The demand for psychologists is growing in every walk of life.

A. Only B

B. Only C

C. A and B

D. B and C

59.Many a time it makes one wonder whether we are still in the medieval and primordial age of
inculcating discipline among students. ______________ Disciplining the undisciplined ones in a
disciplined manner will have a telling effect.

(A) Maintaining discipline among students is necessary.

(B) Gone are the days when teachers were revered next to parents.

(C) Students should be goaded, cajoled and persuaded in a mellifluous manner to understand
discipline in a carrot method, not a stick method.

A. A and C

B. Only C

C. Only A

D. Only B

60. One of the main reasons for a growing disillusionment with science amongst the general public is
the perception that scientists are always arguing with one another and constantly changing their
minds. ------ People want scientists to agree, to present a united front, and to tell them what is true
and what is not.

(A) The scientific consensus appears to have done another U-turn over the last couple of decades.

(B) It is no use explaining that this is how science progresses, through battles between competing
theses until the accumulation of evidence ensures that one triumphs and becomes an accepted
paradigm.

(C) People want scientists to present a united front because it makes life that much easier and gives
them that much less to worry about.

A. Only A

B. Only B

C. A and B

D. A and C