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SPRINT CLASS-9TH ONE SHOT SERIES

SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND RUSSIAN REVOLUTION PRACTICE SHEET

SECTION-A SECTION-B
Objective Type Questions (1  5 = 5) Very Short Answer Type Questions (2  5 = 10)
1. Consider the following statements with respect to the 6. Who were the ‘greens’ and ‘whites’?
important political traditions of the 19th century:
1. Radicals wanted a nation in which government 7. What was the Second International?
was based on the monarchy’s decision.
2. Conservatives were opposed to radicals and 8. What was Lenin’s ’April Theses’?
liberals.
3. After the French Revolution, however, even 9. What was the basic idea of socialism?
conservatives had opened their minds to the
need for change. 10. What was the role of the Tsar in the revolution of
Which of the above is / are correct? 1905?
(A) Only 1 (B) 1 and 2
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3 SECTION-C
Short Answer Type Questions (3  5 = 15)
2. Which of the following individuals can be counted
11. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and
among the socialist thinkers?
radicals in Europe after the French Revolution.
1. Friedrich Engels 2. Robert Owen
3. Louis Blanc
12. Briefly describe the incident ‘Bloody Sunday’.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(A) Only 1 (B) 1 and 2
13. Explain why the Bolsheviks considered the
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2, and 3
Russian revolution as only the “first stage” of the
3. Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Party during revolution.
the Russian Revolution?
(A) Vladimir Lenin 14. Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to
(B) Joseph Stalin improve the agriculture and economy of Russia.
(C) Leon Trotsky
(D) Alexander Kerensky 15. What steps were taken to improve the condition of
factory workers and peasants in Russia after the
4. In the context of Russia, What was ‘Kulak’? civil war?
(A) Industrialists
(B) Russian church SECTION-D
(C) Poor farmers Long Answer Type Questions (5  2 = 10)
(D) Well-to-do peasants
16. What were the social, economic and political
5. What was Duma in Russia? conditions in Russia before 1905?
(A) Judiciary
(B) Farmers union 17. What was Collectivisation? How did Stalin use
(C) Elected consultative parliament this programme?
(D) Church Assembly
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ANSWER KEY
1. (C) 10. (Hints & solution)
2. (D) 11. (Hints & solution)
3. (A) 12. (Hints & solution)
4. (D) 13. (Hints & solution)
5. (C) 14. (Hints & solution)
6. (Hints & solution) 15. (Hints & solution)
7. (Hints & solution) 16. (Hints & solution)
8. (Hints & solution) 17. (Hints & solution)
9. (Hints & solution)
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HINT AND SOLUTIONS

1. (C) 2 and 3 11. The liberals did not believe in universal franchise.
In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which
2. (D) 1, 2, and 3 government was based on the majority of a
country’s population. Liberals felt men of
prosperity mainly should have the vote. They did
3. (A) Vladimir Lenin
not want the vote for women. On the other hand
the radicals supported women’s suffragette
4. (D) Well-to-do peasants movements and opposed the privileges of great
landowners and wealthy factory owners. They
5. (C) Elected consultative parliament were not against the existence of private property
but disliked concentration of property in the hands
6. During 1918 and 1919, the ‘greens’-Socialist of a few.
Revolutionaries and ‘whites’-pro-Tsarists 12. Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on
controlled most of the Russian empire. They strike in 1905, demanding a reduction in the
started a civil war against Bolsheviks. They were working day to eight hours, an increase in wages
supported by the French, American, British and and improvement in working conditions.
the Japanese troops as these countries were When this procession reached the Winter Palace it
was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Over
worried about the growth of socialism in Russia.
100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded.
This incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a
7. It was an International body which was formed to series of events that became known as the 1905
coordinate the ideas of the socialists Revolution.

13. The Bolsheviks considered the Russian revolution

8. In 1917, Lenin declared that the war should be
as only the ‘first stage’ of revolution because
brought to an end, land be transferred to the merely seizing power was not their ultimate aim.
peasants, and banks be nationalised. These three They aimed at an egalitarian society.
demands were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. The next stage of the revolution included
redistribution of land, nationalisation of industries
9. Socialists were against private property, and saw it and banks, collective farming. The power of the
as the root of all social ills of the time. Individuals pro-Tsarist aristocracy had to be crushed. Rich
peasants had to be forced to redistribute land.
owned the property that gave employment but the
Their ultimate aim was to establish the rule of the
propertied were concerned only with personal gain
proletariat – the peasants and workers.
and not with the welfare of those who made the
property productive. 14. Lenin ordered land redistribution. He permitted
peasants to cultivate the land that had been
socialised centralised planning was introduced.
10. During the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar allowed the
Five year plans were made. The government fixed
creation of an elected consultative parliament or
all price during the First two year "plans". There
Duma. The Tsar dismissed it within 75 days and was increased production of oil, coal and steel. An
re-elected second Duma within 3 months. He did extended schooling system developed, factory
not want any questioning of his authority or any workers and peasants could go to universities.
reduction in his power. He changed the voting Communes were set up, members ate in a communal
laws and packed the third Duma with conservative dining hall and income was divided according to the
politicians. principles of "cooperative commission".
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15. Five year plans were made to promote industrial through local popularity. This was unlike France
growth. Industrial production was increased by where peasants respected nobles and fought for
100 per cent in oil, coal and steel. New factories them. In Russia, peasants wanted the land of the
were built. In Magnitogorsk a new steel plant was nobles; they refused to pay rent and even
built in three years. Extended schooling system murdered landlords
developed, crèches were established in factories
for the children of women workers, cheap public 17. Stalin felt that collectivisation would definitely
health care was provided. Model living quarters solve the problem of shortage. From 1929 the
Party forced the peasants to cultivate in collective
were built up for workers.
farms (Kolkhoz). The bulk of land and implements
were transferred to the ownership of collective
16. Social conditions: People of different social status,
farms. Peasants worked on the land and the
classes, religions and diverse nationalities were
Kolkhoz profit was shared. Enraged peasants
there. Imposition of Russian language was made
resisted the authorities and destroyed their
to belittle the cultures of these people. livestock. Between 1929 and 1931 the number of
Main groups of Russian population were farmers, cattle fell by 1/3rd.
workers, landowners, capitalists, industrialists and Those who resisted collectivisation were severely
traders. punished. Many were exiled and deported. The
Economic conditions: 85 per cent of Russians peasants argued that they were not rich and were
were agriculturists. Agriculture provided not against socialism but they opposed
employment to a vast population. Cultivators collectivisation for a variety of reasons. Some
produced food for market as well as their own independent cultivation was allowed by Stalin’s
government but such cultivators were treated
needs
unsympathetically. In spite of all these measures
Political conditions: Nobles got their power and
production did not increase immediately.
position through their services to the Tsar, not

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