Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

THEORY OF MATRICES

OBJECTIVES

After studying the, material in this chapter, you should be able to:
• Identify various types of Matrices.
• Add subtract and multiply Matrices.
• Distinguish between Matrix and Determinant.
• Solve systems of linear equations by Cramer’s method.
.

INTRODUCTION

The subject of matrices has had its origin in various types of Linear Problems, the
most important of which concerns the nature of solutions of any given system of
linear equations. Today, the subject of matrices is one of the most important and
powerful tools in Mathematics which has found applications to a very large
number of disciplines such as Engineering, Economics, Statistics, Physics,
Chemistry, Biology, etc. One of the major - methods by which data are tabulated,
stored and manipulated makes use of matrices.

In the middle of the 19th century Arthur Cayley, a British Mathematician

introduced the concept of Matrices. Gradually, the importance of this concept was
realized by other scholars also and as of now theory of matrices has come to stay
as a watch word, not only in mathematics but also in many other disciplines of
science and arts both. Presently apart from Mathematicians, it is being used by,
Economists, Business Mathematicians, Demographers, Sociologists, Physicists,
and Statisticians. It finds applications in communication theory, in Electrical
Engineering and also in Quantum mechanics. The study of matrices was originated
while solving different types of linear problems. One of them deals with the
determination of the set of solutions of a system of linear equations.

DEFINITION (MATRIX): Matrices is an arrangement of elements in the

form of rows and columns enclosed in brackets.
Order of a Matrix: The number of rows and columns a matrix consists of is called
its order.

1
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

TYPES OF MATRICES
a) Row matrix: A matrix which has only one row is called Row matrix
B = [1 3 –4 6]1 X 3
b) Column matrix: A matrix that has only one column is called column
matrix.
2

A= 4

5 3X1

c) Zero or Null matrix: A matrix with all its elements as zeroes is called Zero
or Null matrix.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0

d) Rectangular Matrix: A matrix that has unequal number of rows and

columns is called rectangular matrix.

1 2 3 5 4
4 6 7 2 6
3 1
2X3 3X2

e) Square Matrix: A matrix that has equal number of rows and columns is
called square matrix.

-1 4 1
8 9 7
-5 8 -3
3X3

f) Diagonal Matrix: A square matrix in which all its elements other than the
principal diagonal elements are zeroes is called diagonal matrix.
3 0 0
0 4 0
0 0 2
3X3
g) Scalar Matrix: A diagonal matrix in which all its principal diagonal
elements are equal is called diagonal matrix.
5 0
0 5

2
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

h) Unit Matrix or Identity Matrix: A scalar matrix in which all its principal
diagonal elements are equal and is equal to 1 is called Unit or identity matrix
and is always denoted as I.
1 0 0
I=
0 1 0
0 0 1
3X3
i) Transpose Matrix: A matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and
columns of a given matrix is called its transpose.
1 4
If B = 1 –3 5 then B 1
= -3 6
4 6 3 5 3

j) Triangular matrix: A diagonal matrix in which all its elements above or

below the principal diagonal elements are zeroes is called triangular matrix.
2 3 4 2 0 0
0 5 8 Or 6 5 0
0 0 1 4 3 1
3X3 3X3
k)Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix is said to be Symmetric if it satisfies the
condition A = A1
Example of Symmetric Matrix
1 2 4
2 5 6
4 6 8 3X3

l) Skew Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix is said to be skew Symmetric If it

satisfies the condition
A1 = -A

0 4 -7
Example of Skew Symmetric Matrix -4 0 3
7 -3 0
3X3

Algebra of Matrices
a) Addition & subtraction of Matrices: Two matrices can be added or subtracted
provided their orders are same and the resultant matrix can be obtained by
adding or subtracting the corresponding elements.
Illustration 1

If A = 1 7 B= 2 5
2 4 4 6
3
6 circulation only
NOTE : Strictly for private
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

2X2 2X2

Then A + B = 1+2 7+5 = 3 12

2+4 4+6 6 10
2X2 2X2

A-B = 1-2 7-5 = -1 2

2-4 4 -6 -2 -2

b) Scalar Multiplication of Matrix : If A = 3 7

4 4 2X2

Then multiplying A by some real number is called Scalar Multiplication of Matrix

i.e., 3 7 2X3 2X7 6 14
2A = 2 4 4 = 2X4 2X4 = 8 8

c) Matrix Multiplication: Two matrices can be multiplied provided the number of

columns of the first matrix is same as the number of rows of the second matrix.
2 5 1 1 4
Illustration 2 If A = 3 4 2 B = 2 3
2x3 3 5 3x2
Solution :
Then
2 5 1 1 4
AB =
2 3
3 4 2 3 5

= 2X1+5X2+1X3 2X4+5X3+1X5 = 15 28

3X1+4X2+2X3 3X4+4X3+2X5 17 34 2x2

Illustration 3 If C = 3 D = [1 2 3]
4 1x3
5 3x1 Find CD and DC

Solution :

CD = 3 [1 2 3]
4
5

4
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

3 6 9
CD = 4 8 12 DC = [1 2 3] 3 = 26
5 10 15 3x3 4
5

Illustration 4

1 1 1 8 1 6
If A = 1 2 3 & B= 3 5 7
1 3 6 4 9 2

Then find AB, BA, AB, AB’ and also prove that (i) AB ≠ BA (ii) (AB)’ = B’A’

Solution :
15 15 15 15 28 47
AB = 26 38 26 (i) BA = 15 34 60 (ii)
41 70 39 15 28 43

From (i) and (ii) AB ≠ BA

15 28 47 15 15 15
A’B = 15 34 60 AB’ = 28 34 28
15 28 43 47 60 43

15 26 41
(AB)’ = 15 38 70 (iii)
15 26 39

15 26 41
B’A’ = 15 38 70 (iv)
15 26 39

From (iii) and (iv) (AB)’ = B’ A’

Illustration 5
If A = 1 -3 2 B= 3 2
3 -2 1 1 2 Find AB and BA.
-1 1
Solution:

AB = -2 -2 9 -13 8
6 3 BA = 7 -7 4
2 1 -1

5
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

Illustration 6

If E = 1 -1 ,F= 3 5 G= 1 0
2 -3 2 -2 3 -1

Then show that i) E ( F + G) = EF + EG

ii) E (F - G) = EF – EG
Solution :

F+G = 4 5
5 -3

E (F+G) = -1 8 (i)
-7 19

EF = 1 7 EG = -2 1
0 16 -7 3

EF + EG = 1 7 + -2 1 = -1 8 (ii)
0 16 -7 3 -7 19

F-G = 2 5
-1 -1

E (F - G) = 3 6 (iii)
7 13

EF - EG = 3 6 ( iv)
7 13

From ( i ) and ( ii) E( F + G) = EF + EG

From (iii ) and ( iv ) E (F - G) = EF - EG

Illustration 7:

If A= 3 1
2 -1

Find A 2 + 5A – 3I

A*A + 5A - 3I = 3 1 3 1 +5 3 1 -3 1 0
2 -1 2 -1 2 -1 0 1

6
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

A*A + 5A - 3I = 11 2 + 13 5 _ 3 0 = 21 7
4 3 10 -5 0 3 14 -5

EXERCISE

a. Two Marks questions

1) Define Matrix.
2) Define Scalar matrix and give an example of Unit Matrix.
3) Define Unit matrix and give an example of diagonal matrix.
4) Define Square matrix and give an example of Triangular matrix.
5) Define Unit matrix and give an example of diagonal matrix.
6) Define Symmetric matrix and give an example of Skew- symmetric matrix.
7) State the condition for adding or subtracting any two matrices.
8) State the condition for multiplication of any two matrices.
9) What do you mean by scalar multiplication of a matrix.
10) Define row matrix? Give an example of column matrix.
11) Define column matrix? Give an example of row matrix.

b. Four Marks questions

1) Find the values of matrices A and B :
If 2A + B = 2 3 1 and 3A + 2B = 4 6 1
1 4 0 2 3 5
2) Solve for x if x2 1 - x 3 = 12 4
2 3 1 4 3 7
3) Find AB and BA if

1 2 -3 3 -1 2
A = 5 0 2 , B= 4 2 5
1 -1 1 2 0 3
4) If A = 3 1 , Find the value of A2 -5A + 7 I
-1 2
5) If A = 2 -1 B = 3 1 Verify (AB)1 = B1 A1
3 2 -1 2

7
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

6) If A= 3 2 B= 4 5 6 1 4 -1
1 0 , 0 1 2 & C = -2 5 -3
3 6 5
Verify (AB)C = A (BC)
7) If A = 2 4 and B = 1 0
-1 2 2 1
Find A2 – B2 and show that A2 - B2 

 1 2 2
8) f A = 2 1 2 show that A2 - 4A -5 I = 0
2 2 1

9) If A= 1 2 and B = 1 2 5
2 4 2 4 6 show that (AB) 1 = B1 A1
5 6

10) If A= 2 4 B= 1 3 C = -2 5
3 2 -2 5 3 4
Verify 1) A (B +C) = AB – AC
2) A (B - C) = AB – AC

11) If x 1 2 3 2
y = 3 4 5 3 show that x = 20, y = 38, z = 65
z 6 7 8 4
12) If 1 3 2 -1 0 = 8 x 12
1 2 2 1 4 y 1 z show that x = 2, y = 6, z = 8

13) If x 2 -3 3 -1 2 5 3 3
5 y 2 4 2 5 = 19 -5 16 Find X, Y and Z
1 -1 z 2 0 3 1 -3 0

8
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

ANSWERS

1. A = 0 0 1 B= 2 3 -1
0 5 -5 1 -6 10
2. X= -3, 1 3. 5 3 3 0 4 -9
A= 19 -5 16 B= 19 3 -3
1 -3 0 5 1 -3
4. 0 0 13. x=1, y=0, z=1
0 0

Determinants
Every square matrix is associated with a real number called its determinants. The
real number associated with a square matrix is found by using a method called
Expansion and is as below.

Illustration 8

If A = 2 3 then determinant of A is symbolically written as

4 5
A or det.A or .A = 2 3
4 5 = 2 x 5 – 4 x 3 = 10 – 12 = -2.
Here –2 is called determinant of A.
Similarly If
3 5 1
B= 4 6 2 then determinant of B is symbolically
8 2 1
Written as
+ - +
B = 3 5 1 6 2 4 2 4 6
4 6 2 = +3 -5 +1
8 2 1 2 1 8 1 8 2

= 3 (6 X 1 – 2 X 2) –5 (4 X 1 - 8 X 2) +1 (4 X 2 – 8 X 6)

9
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

= 3 (6 – 4) –5 (4 – 16) +1 (8 – 48)
= 3 X 2 –5 X –12 + 1 X –40 = 6 + 60 – 40 = 26
B = 26
Here 26 is called determinant of matrix B.
Note: The method of finding the value of a matrix is called Expansion method.

Solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s Method

Let us consider a system of two linear equations in two variables
a1 x + b 1y = c1
a2 x + b 2y = c2
In the matrix notation these equations can be written as
a1 b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2

STEP 1. Find the determinant of the matrix and denote it as D

STEP 2. Replace the coefficients of ‘x’ with the constants and find the determinant
D1.
STEP 3. Replace the coefficient of the ‘y’ with the constants in the original matrix
and hence find the determinant D2 .
D1
STEP 4. The values of x =
D
D2
y=
D

Illustration 9. Solve the following system of equations:

2x - 3y + 3z =1
2x + 2y + 3z = 2
3x - 2y + 2z =3
Solution: The system of equations can be written as
Step 1 :

Let 2 -3 3
D= 2 2 3
3 -2 2
Therefore A = 2(2× 2 + 2 ×3) + 3( 2 ×2 -3 ×3) -3(2 ×(-2) -3 ×2)
= 2(4 + 6) + 3(4 – 9) + 3 ( - 4 - 6)
= 2(10) + 3 (-5) + 3 (-10)
= 20 - 15 - 30 = -25
10
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

1 -3 3
D1= 2 2 3
3 -2 2
D1 = 1(2x2-3(-2)) –(-3)(2x2-3x3)+3(2(-2)-3x2) = -35

Let 2 1 3
D2 = 2 2 3
3 3 2
D2= 2(2x2-3x3) – 1(2x2 – 3x3) + 3(2x3-3x2) = -5

2 -3 1
D3 = 2 2 2
3 -2 3
D3 = 2(2x2-2(-2)) – 3(2x3 – 2x3) + 1(2(-2)-3x2) = 10
D1  35 D2  5 10
x= x  ,y  ,z 
D  25 D  25  25
Therefore x = 7/5, y = 1/5, z = - 2/5.

EXERCISE

Two Marks Question

1) What is Determinant?
2) Define singular Matrix.
3) Define non-singular Matrix.

1) Estimate the values of following Matrices.

2 5 1 2 3 5 -4 3
3 6 -4 -6 4 3 -3 1
, 0 5 3 , 1 -1 2
2) Evaluate:
1 3 4 4 3 8 4 4 5
2 -1 -3 , 0 2 1 , -3 1 6
5 7 1 -5 -3 -2 2 -2 7

11
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

3) Find x if 1 2 3 2 x 2 x 3
2 x 3 = 0, 4 8 = 0, 1 4 -1 = 0
3 4 3 5 6 7
ANSWERS

1. -3, -74,-5 2. 45, 61, 228 3. X=3, 4, 13/6

2) Find ‘x’ If the given matrices are Singular

x 3 1 2 x 2 3 5
3 x 2 3 5 -3 4 1
4 2 4 x 2 5

ANSWERS

2. x=±3, x=13/4 X=-4

Four Marks Question

Solve by CRAMER’S Method.
1) 2X – Y + 3Z = 7; X + 3Y – Z = 8 ; X + Y – 4Z = 1.

2) x + y+ z = 7 ; 3x + 2y =2z = 17 ; 4x + 9y + z = 37.

3) 5y+2x+z= -1; x +7y-6z=-18 ; 3y +6z =9.

4) 2x – 3y =3 ; 4x- y =11

5) 4x + 2y = 3 ; 3x - 4y = 5

6) 4y-4x-5z=-22 ; 4x-6y+3z = 2; 10x-3y+z=114

7) 4x + y = 7; 3y + 4z =5; 3z +5x =2.

8) 5x -2y -3z = 17; 3x – y + z =15; x + y - 6z=-13.

9) x + y + 2z =7; 3x + 2y –z =2; 5x +2y –z = 3.

12
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

10) 2x + y = 10; 3x + 2y =17

ANSWERS

1) 3,2,1 2) 2,3,2 3)1,-1,2 4) 3, 1 5) 1,-1/2 6)2,4,6

7) 1 ,3,-1 8) 3 ,-4, 2 9) ½ , 3/2 , 5/2. 10) 3 , 4

Application problems
Illustration 10. A company is to employ 60 labourers from either of the party A or
B, comprising persons in different age groups as under.
Category I (20 – 25 years) II (26 – 30 years) III ( 31 – 40 years)
Party A 25 20 15
Party B 20 30 10
Rate of Labour applicable to categories I, II, and III are Rs. 1,200, Rs. 1,000 and
Rs.600 respectively. Using matrices, find which party is economically preferable
over the others.
Solution: Here matrix of various categories of laborers of the two parties is;

L = A 25 20 15
B 20 30 10 2x3
Also matrix of salaries to be paid to these categories is
S= 1200 I
1000 II
600 III 3 x 1

Therefore Labour charges payable to each party are given by the matrix.

L x S =A 25 20 15 1200
B 20 30 10 1000
600
30000 + 20000 + 9000 = 59000
24000 + 30000 + 60000 = 60000

Therefore labour charges of party A = Rs. 59,000

Labour charges of party B = Rs. 60,000
Party A is more economical than party B

13
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

Illustration 11.
Three firms A B and C supplied 40, 35 and 25 truck loads of stones and 10, 5, and
8 truck loads of sand respectively to a contractor. If the cost of stone and sand are
Rs 12,000 and Rs.500 per truck load respectively; find the total amount paid by the
contractor to each of these firms by using matrix method.
Solution. The matrix Q for the material supplied by different firms is given by:
Stone Sand
Q = A 40 10
B 35 5
C 25 8 3x2
Also the matrix P for the cost of Stone & Sand is given by:
P = 1200 Stone
500 2 x 1 Sand
Now the amount payable by contractor to each of these firms is given by the
matrix.
A 40 10 53000 A
Q x P = B 35 5 1200 = 44500 B
C 25 8 500 34000 C

Therefore Payment made by the contractor is:

Firm A = 53000, B = 44,500, C = 34,000
Illustration 12.
An industrialist produces three products A,B,C which he sells in two cities,
Mumbai and Calcutta. There annual sales are as under.
A B C
Mumbai 2000 8000 10000
Calcutta 20000 9000 6000
i) If the unit sale price of A,B and C are Rs. 12, Rs. 15, and Rs.25 respectively find
the total revenue earned in the two cities.
ii) If the unit cost price of A,B and C are Rs. 10, Rs. 8, and Rs.18 respectively, find
the gross profit for each city using the matrix method.
Solution: The matrix S of sales in the two cities is given by
A B C
S = 2000 8000 10000 Mumbai
20000 9000 6000 Calcutta
i) The matrix of R of their sale prices is given by

14
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

R= 12 A
15 B
25 C
Therefore total revenue = S x R = 2000 8000 10000 12
20000 9000 6000 15
25
3,94,000 Mumbai
= 4,50,000 Calcutta

ii) The matrix C of their cost prices is given by

C = 10 A
8 B
18 C
Therefore total cost =SxC= 2000 8000 10000 10
20000 9000 6000 8
18
= 2,64,000
3,40,000
Therefore gross profit in Mumbai = Rs. [ 3,94,000 – 2,64,000] = 1,30,000
Therefore gross profit in Calcutta = Rs. [ 4,50,000 – 3,40,000] = 1,10,000

Illustration 13.
The prices of three commodities P,Q and R are Rs. x, y and z per unit respectively.
A purchases 4 units of R and R sells 3 units of P, and 5 units of Q. B purchases 3
units of Q and sells 2 units of P and 1 unit of R. C purchases 1 unit of P and sells 4
units of Q and 6 units of R.. In the process A, B and C earn Rs. 6,000, Rs. 5000,
and Rs 13,000 respectively. Find the prices per unit of P, Q and R.
Solution: From the given data
A: 3x+5y -4z = 6000
B: 2x-3y + z = 5000
C: - x + 4 y + 6 z = 13000
Therefore x = 3000, y = 1000 and z = 2000
Illustration 14.
In a market survey three commodities A, B and C were considered. In finding out
the index number, some given weights were assigned to the varieties in each of the
commodities. The table below provides the information regarding the consumption

15
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

of the commodities according to three varieties and also the total weights received
by the commodity.
Commodity Variety Total Weights
A 1 2 3 11
B 2 4 5 21
C 3 5 6 27
Find the weights assigned to the three varieties.
Solution: Let x ,y and z be the weights of the three varieties, then the data given
above can be expressed as a system of linear equation.
x + 2y + 3z = 11
2x + 4y + 5z = 21
3x + 5y + 6z = 27
consider 1 2 3
A= 2 4 5
3 5 6

det .A = (24 -25) - 2(12 - 15) + 3(10 – 12) = -1 + 6 -6 = -1

The given matrix is not a singular matrix, hence finding adj A.

Solving by Cramer’s method

x = 2, y = 3, z = 1

Illustration 15.
A fountain pen manufacturer is manufacturing three varieties of pens A, B, and C.
He has three retail shops to dispose of the manufactured goods. First shop is having
2 dozens, 3 dozens, and 1 dozen pens of type A, B and C respectively. Similar
analysis for the second and third shops is 1, 2, 2 dozens and 1, 5, 10 dozens
respectively. How much profit on each unit of pen of every variety should be
charged so as to have Rs. 15, Rs. 19 and Rs. 81 as total profits of shops 1, 2 and 3
respectively.
Solution: Let the profit in Rs. for one dozen pens of A, B and C variety of fountain
pens be denoted by x, y, and z respectively. Then the given data can be expressed
as
2x + 3y + z = 15
x + 2y + 2z = 19
x + 5y + 10z = 81
solving by Cramers rule , we get,

16
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

Therefore x =1, y = 2, z = 7.

Illustration 16.
Monthly expenditure in an office for three months is given as follows. Assuming
that the salary in all the three months of different categories of staff did not vary,
calculate the salary for each type of staff using Cramers rule.

Month Number of Employees Total Monthly

Clerks Typists Peons Salary (in Rs.)
January 4 2 3 4900
February 3 3 2 4500
March 4 3 4 5800

Solution: Let x, y, z be the salaries of clerk, typist and a peon respectively.

From the problem we have
4x + 2y + 3z = 4900
3x + 3y + 2z = 4500
4x + 3y + 4z = 5800

4 2 3 A = 4(6) -2(4) + 3(-3)

A= 3 3 2 A =7
4 3 4

x = 700, y = 600, z = 300

EXERCISE
Ten Marks Questions
1. The prices of wheat rice and sugar are x, y, and z per tones respectively. A
purchases 4 tons of sugar and sells 3 tons of wheat and 5 tons of rice, B purchases
3 tons of rice and sells 2 tons of wheat and 1 ton of sugar. C purchases 1 ton of
wheat and sells 4 tons of rice and 6 tons of sugar. In this proceeds A,B,C earn Rs.
6000, 5000 and 13000 respectively. Find the price per ton of the three commodities
using Cramer’s rule.
(Hint:3x + 5y - 4z = 6000; 2x - 3y + z = 5000; -x + 4y + 6z = 13000)
2. A person has Rs. 35,000 that he has divided into three investments. Part of the
money invested in a savings account with an annual rate of interest of 6%, part in
7% annual yield bonds, and the remainder in a business. In 2002, when he lost 6%

17
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

of the money that he invested in that business, his net income from all three
investments was Rs. 660. If he invested Rs. 3,000 more in the business than in the
savings account, how much was invested in each?

3. An amount of Rs. 65,000 is invested in three investments at rates of 6%,8% and

9% per annum respectively. The total annual income is Rs. 4,800. The income
from the third investment is Rs. 600 more than the income from the second
investment. Using cramer’s rule, determine the amount of each investment.
4. A, B and C have Rs. 1,250, Rs. 1,700 and Rs. 2,100 respectively. They utilized
the amount to purchase three types of shares pricing Rs. x, y and z respectively. A
purchases 20 shares of price x; 50 shares of price y and 30 shares of price z. B
purchases 44 shares of price x, 30 shares of price y and 60 shares of price z and C
purchases 12 shares of price x, 40 shares of price y and 100 shares of price z. Find
x, y and z using cramer’s method.
5. The prices of three commodities X, Y and Z are, x, y and z per unit respectively.
A purchases 4 units of Z and sells 3 units of X and 5 units of Y. B purchases 3
units of Y and sells 2 units of X and I unit of Z. C purchases 1 unit of X and sells 4
units of Y and 6 units of Z. In the process, A, B, C earn Rs. 6,000, Rs. 5,000 and
Rs. 13,000 respectively. Using matrices, find the prices per unit of the three
commodities (Note: that selling the units is positive earning and purchasing the
units is negative earning).
6. A company produces three products everyday. Their total production on a
certain day is 45 tones. It is found that the production of third product exceeds the
production of first product by 8 tones while the total production of first and third
product is twice the production of second product. Determine the production level
of each product using cramer’s rule .
7. A business has Rs. 40,000 to spend on advertising an upcoming sale. The money
is to be divided between television (x), radio (y) and newspapers (z). The business
manager has decided to spend three times as much money on television as on
radio. The manager has also decided to spend Rs. 8,000 less on radio advertising
than on newspapers.
(i) Write the system of equations defined by this problem.
(ii) Solve the system using cramer’s rule
(Hint i) x + y + z = 40,000, x = 3y,- y + z = 8000
8. To control a certain disease it is necessary to use 8 units of chemical A, 14 units
of chemical B and 13 units of chemical C. One barrel of spray P contains 1 unit of
A, 2 units of B and 3 units of C. One barrel of spray Q contains 2 units of A, 3

18
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only
Module-1 Matrices and Determinants Quantitative Techniques-II

units of B and 2 units of C. One barrel of R contains I unit of A, 2 units of B and 2

units of C. Find how many barrels of each type be used to just meet the
requirements?
9. A salesman has the following record of sales during three months for three items
A, B and C which have different rates of commission.
Months drawn (in Rs.) Sales of units Total Commission
A B C
January 90 100 20 800
February 130 50 40 900
March 60 100 30 850

Find out, using cramer’s rule, the rates of commission on items A, B and C.

10. Three products X, Y and Z are produced after being processed through three
departments, D1, D2 and D3. The following data are available:

Products Hours required for a unit product

D1 D2 D3
X 2 5 1
Y 2 3 2
Z 2 3 3
Max. Time available in hours 1100 1800 1400
Find by cramer’s method the number of units produced for each product to have
full utilization of capacity.

ANSWERS

1) x =3000, y=1000, z = 2000 2)Savings=10,000,Bonds =12,000,

Business=13,000 3)30,000, 15000,20,000 4) 10,12,15
5) 3000, 1000, 2000 6)11, 15, 19 7) 19,200,6400,14,400
8) 1, 2,3 9) Rs. 2 per unit of item A, Rs. 4 per unit of item B, Rs. 11 per unit of
item C 10) 200,100,300

19
NOTE : Strictly for private circulation only