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Class 7 Computer Chapter 2 (Calculations in Microsoft Excel)

Excel is a software program used to organize numbers and data using spreadsheets, formulas, and functions. Formulas in Excel always start with an equal sign and are used for calculations. Excel worksheets have a tabular structure composed of columns, rows, and cells. Calculations in Excel can be performed by entering formulas in a single cell or by referencing multiple cells. Formulas may include cell references, operators, constants, and functions. Functions allow calculations like SUM, AVERAGE, and COUNT to be performed directly.

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2K views5 pages

Class 7 Computer Chapter 2 (Calculations in Microsoft Excel)

Excel is a software program used to organize numbers and data using spreadsheets, formulas, and functions. Formulas in Excel always start with an equal sign and are used for calculations. Excel worksheets have a tabular structure composed of columns, rows, and cells. Calculations in Excel can be performed by entering formulas in a single cell or by referencing multiple cells. Formulas may include cell references, operators, constants, and functions. Functions allow calculations like SUM, AVERAGE, and COUNT to be performed directly.

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Key Notes (Class 7) Computer

CHAPTER 2: CALCULATIONS IN MICROSOFT EXCEL


WHAT IS EXCEL?
a software program created by Microsoft that uses spreadsheets to
organize numbers and data with formulas and functions.

WHAT IS A FORMULA IN EXCEL?


A formula in Excel is used to do mathematical calculations. Formulas always start with
the equal sign ( = ) typed in the cell, followed by your calculation. Formulas can be
used for calculations such as: =1+1.
COLUMNS, ROWS & CELLS
Excel worksheets have a tabular structure that is composed of columns, rows,
and cells.

● Columns in Excel: A column refers to the vertical arrangement of


cells. By default, it is labeled by a letter at the top of the column,
such as A, B, C, etc.
● Rows in Excel: A row refers to the horizontal arrangement of cells.
By default, it is labeled by a number on the left side of the row,
such as 1, 2, 3, etc.
● Cells in Excel: A cell is the rectangular form created by the
intersection of a row and a column. It is where you can enter,
manipulate and store data.
PERFORMING CALCULATIONS IN EXCEL

As we discussed earlier, we can do calculations in Microsoft Excel. In this


chapter, we will only learn how to do simple calculations; i.e. ORDER OF
OPERATIONS (ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION).

SYMBOLS FOR THE OPERATIONS

Name Of Operation —----- Symbol —---------- Key needed to Press

● Addition —------------- (+) —-------------- (Shift + =)


● Subtraction —--------- (-) —--------------- (- key)
● Multiplication —------- (*) —--------------- (Shift + 8)
● Division —------------- (/) —--------------- (/)
● Exponents —---------- (^) —-------------- (Shift + 6)

THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT METHODS OF PERFORMING CALCULATIONS IN EXCEL:

1) When you want to perform your calculation in one cell: You have to always
start your formula with the “=” symbol. After that type the 1st number. Let’s
take the first number as 3. Add the symbol of the operation you want to use.
Then give the 2nd number. Let’s take the 2nd number as 2.

You can continue this process until you wish to with how many numbers you
want. After you complete typing your equation, press the “ENTER” key. You will
get your answer.
2) When you want to take the calculation of two cells; take a1 & b1; and put
the result in; take c1.

Let’s take an example:

We want to find the sum of 17 and 32.


17 is written in cell a1 and 32 is written in cell b1. I
want the sum of 17 and 32. I also want the result
to come in cell c1.

Press Cell c1. Put the “=” symbol and then press
cell a1 (17). Put the sum symbol (+) and then press
the second cell; that is
b1 (32). Press Enter.

ELEMENTS OF A FORMULA

A formula may contain any or all of the


following:

Cell References: They are the addresses of the cells which contain the column and
row number.
For example: A1 (Single Cell), A1:B3 (Range of Cells)

Operators: As discussed earlier, it contains the order of operations which help you
carry out operations you want to do.

Constants: They are the numbers or text that can be entered directly in a formula.

Functions: They are built-in-formulas in Excel. We will discuss about them later.
Text Operators
They work with texts. They join words. One such operator is &.

Lets take an example:

“Hello”&”World” = HelloWorld

Order Of Operations
When many operations are used in a formula, Excel uses the BODMAS rule to solve the
equation.
B - Brackets
O - Of (Multiplication)
D - Division
M - Multiplication
A - Addition
S - Subtraction
Division and Multiplication have to be solved from left to right.
Addition and Subtraction have to be solved from left to right.

Functions
Functions are formulas in Excel through which, we can perform calculations directly,
in a faster and professional way.

Some Functions are:


SUM =SUM(A1:F1)
AVERAGE =AVERAGE(A1:F1)
COUNT =COUNT(A1:F1)
MAX =MAX(A1:F1)
MIN =MIN(A1:F1)
PRODUCT =PRODUCT(A1:F1)

Autosum
When lots of data is given and we have to find the sum, we shouldn’t type all the
numbers and find the sum. That will take lots of time. The Autosum feature is a
function through which you can calculate the sum quickly.
Common Errors in Excel
If the formula has been typed incorrectly,
Excel displays error values.
Understanding their meaning is
important.

#VALUE! Occurs when the formula contains invalid data

#DIV/0! Occurs when a number is divided by 0

#NAME? Occurs when a formula is not recognised by Excel

###### Occurs when a column is not wide enough to accommodate the value

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