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Linux Interview Questions Part5

This document discusses Linux boot process interview questions and answers focused on the first part of booting. It includes questions about files responsible for services at different runlevels, how to switch runlevels and check the current level, how to enter rescue and single-user modes, and differences between single-user and emergency modes.

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Bharath
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50 views4 pages

Linux Interview Questions Part5

This document discusses Linux boot process interview questions and answers focused on the first part of booting. It includes questions about files responsible for services at different runlevels, how to switch runlevels and check the current level, how to enter rescue and single-user modes, and differences between single-user and emergency modes.

Uploaded by

Bharath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINUX BASICS – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -BOOTING PART 1
May 23, 2021 Sreehari CK One comment
It’s been a while without a Linux/Unix post, now we are starting a series here. A
series posts with some of the basics, in a Q&A format. We are attempting to help
you improve your basics, which can be helpful in your revision for job interviews
as well.

Here comes the first part, where we will be discussing some of the Q&As from the
booting part. This will be helpful for those who are at an L1- L2 level in your
Linux knowledge.

Let’s get in to the stuff…

Which file is responsible for Starts/kills services depending on RUNLEVEL


/etc/rc.d/ rc0 to rc6 files

Which file is responsible for configure Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to shutdown


the system at console.
/etc/inittab è comment out the line “ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a – r
now”

What are the two display manager?


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GDM (GNOME Display Manager) — The default display manager for Red Hat Enterprise
Linux.

KDM — KDE’s display manager which allows the user to shutdown, restart or log in to
the system

How to switch a run level from one to another?


Init <run level>

What is happening when we switch into another run level


When init is requested to change the runlevel, it sends the warning signal SIGTERM
to all processes that are undefined in the new runlevel. It then waits 5 seconds
before forcibly terminating these processes via the SIGKILL signal

How to find the current run level


Who -r

What is rescue mode?


Rescue mode provides the ability to boot a small Red Hat Enterprise Linux
environment entirely from CD-ROM, or some other boot method, instead of the
system’s hard drive.

There may be times when you are unable to get Red Hat Enterprise Linux running
completely enough to access files on your system’s hard drive. Using rescue mode,
you can access the files stored on your system’s hard drive, even if you cannot run
Red Hat Enterprise Linux from that hard drive

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How to enter in to rescue mode?


To boot into rescue mode, you must be able to boot the system using one of the
following methods 1:

By booting the system from an installation boot CD-ROM.

By booting the system from other installation boot media, such as USB flash
devices.

By booting the system from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROM #1.

Once you have booted using one of the described methods, add the keyword rescue as
a kernel parameter. For example, for an x86 system, type the following command at
the installation boot prompt: linux rescue

How to load a driver at the time of booting in to rescue mode


Type linux dd at the boot prompt at the start of the installation process and press
Enter

If a driver that is part of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 distribution prevents
the system from booting, How to blacklist that driver
Boot the system into rescue mode with the command linux rescue
rdblacklist=name_of_driver

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Open the /mnt/sysimage/boot/grub/grub.conf file with the vi text editor

#vi /mnt/sysimage/boot/grub/grub.conf

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.18-2.el6.i686 ro root=/dev/sda1 rhgb quiet


rdblacklist=foobar ( edit the kernel line by adding entry rdblacklist=drivername)

Create a new file under /etc/modprobe.d/ that contains the command blacklist
name_of_driver

echo “blacklist foobar” >> /mnt/sysimage/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-foobar.conf

Reboot the system

What is chroot, what are the uses.


A chroot is an operation that changes the apparent root directory for the current
running process and their children

What is single user mode, how to enter into single user mode ?
Single-user mode provides a Linux environment for a single user that allows you to
recover your system from problems that cannot be resolved in networked multi-user
environment. You do not need an external boot device to be able to boot into
single-user mode, and you can switch into it directly while the system is running

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At the GRUB boot screen, press any key to enter the GRUB interactive menu.

Select Red Hat Enterprise Linux with the version of the kernel that you want to
boot and press the a to append the line.

Type single as a separate word at the end of the line and press Enter to exit GRUB
edit mode. Alternatively, you can type 1 instead of single

What is emergency mode, how to enter in to emergency mode, main difference between
single user mode and emergency mode
Emergency mode, provides the minimal bootable environment and allows you to repair
your system even in situations when rescue mode is unavailable. In emergency mode,
the system mounts only the root file system, and it is mounted as read-only. Also,
the system does not activate any network interfaces and only a minimum of the
essential services are set up.

At the GRUB boot screen, press any key to enter the GRUB interactive menu.

Select Red Hat Enterprise Linux with the version of the kernel that you want to
boot and press the a to append the line.

Type emergency as a separate word at the end of the line and press Enter to exit
GRUB edit mode.

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In emergency mode, you are booted into the most minimal environment possible. The
root file system is mounted read-only and almost nothing is set up. The main
advantage of emergency mode over single-user mode is that the init files are not
loaded. If init is corrupted or not working, you can still mount file systems to
recover data that could be lost during a re-installation.

In single-user mode, your computer boots to runlevel 1. Your local file systems are
mounted, but your network is not activated. You have a usable system maintenance
shell.

Hope you have enjoyed reading this post. Please feel free to add your feedback in
the comments section.

tagged with answers, booting, init, Interview, Linux, linuxqa, question, runlevel
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