DIFFERENTIATION 6 jum Rule SO) = pla) + glx) By the definition of the derivative, fe) = fig 2+ = LO A = fim OF A) + gle + A] ~ [play + goo) ie, 7 oo fig (AEE tate m= a Bs h +H = a9 pbx + hy — pany (a+) = oe fin, [PP + (SEB = 2} um property of lis =p'w+q'e) Exercises 2.1 1 Use the definition of the derivative to find "(x) a. fix) = 31-5 D. flay = 2 Hx = 7 c. fis) = 8 + 4r + 1 a. fy =e —e e. fix) =2 +40 ffx) = 3x¢ By using the definition of the derivative, find the slope of the tangent line to each curve at the given point ~ 6x at the point (—1, 7) x + 2x — 3 at the point (2, ~3) 4x — 2 at the point (1, ~4) 4 — 38° at the point (1, 1) fa. Use the Power Rule and the Constant Multiple Rule to differentiate each function. (i) fo) = 30° Gd fix) = infin =4e (iy) fo) = Gy » seo = (5) (i fl = br, where b isa constant b. For each function in part (a), find the equation of the tangs function at the poinn), f(1)) Line to the graph of the— oA CALCULUS dy 4. Differentiate each polynomial function, Use either the Leibniz notation £? o the prime notation f"(x), depending on which is appropriate. a. art3 b. fa) 6. g(m) = 6mm? — dm a. p= eyedeedondtes f. fl) = Qx- DS =) RB y= atta? — Ie + 120e h. f= t= i. s= (m0) 31 J. fla) = Pee ~ 20) ke ga) = Tx = 2Y(x = 3) Lv) = (2 + Sx? 5. Let s represent the position of a moving object at time f. In each case find the velocity vat time #, a s=7-2P be s=18+5¢—4 ess t par 6. Tangents are drawn to the parabola y=. at (2, 4) and (- 4, ) Prove that these tangents are perpendicular. Ilustrate this situation with a sketch. 7. Find a point on the parabola y= —x* + 3x + 4 where the slope of the tangent line is 5. Mlustrate your answer with a sketch, '8. Find the equation of the normal line to the curve y = ~x* + Sx that has a slope of —2. > 9. Show that there are two tangents to the curve y = x* ~ 2r that have a slope of — +. 10. Show that there is no tangent line to the parabola, 1, 2). 11. Tangents are drawn from the point (0, 3) to the curve y = ~3x*. Find the points at which these tangent lines touch the curve. Illustrate your answer with a sketch. = 4 = that passes through the point 12, Find the equations of the tangent lines to the curve y = 2x? + 3 that pass through the ~ point 2, ~7), 13. By finding the point at which the slope is zero, determine the coordinates of the vertex for each parabola. 30 + 181-3 b, y= 4r +2 dy=art+brte, a#0 © 14. A subway train travels from the Dundas station to the Queen station in 2 min, (in kilometres) from the Dundas station after ¢ minutes is ward At what time(s) will the train have a velocity of + km/mjn?DIFFERENTIATION, 6 15. Prove that the curve y= —2x' +x ~ 4 has no tangent with a slope of 2. 'b, What is the maximum slope of any tangent drawn to this curve? 16. During a 90-day television advertising campaign promoting a new breakfast cereal, a lily survey was carried out in Lucknow. The number of people NV who ate the cereal for breakfast was found to fit the formula N= 3 + 3000 here represents the number of days from the beginning of the campaign. a, Find the rate of change of N with respect to b. At what rate is N changing after 30 days? After 70 days? Explain the difference in your answers €. After how many days does the number of people eating the cereal stop increasing and begin to decline? . Sketch a graph of V as a function of r, for 0<1< 90. 17. The flight path of a spaceship is described by the curve y = x° ~ 8x. If the engine is shut down at point P, the spaceship will ly off along the tangent line at P. If the spaceship is moving from left to right, at what point should the engine be shut down in order to reach the point (4, 0)? Sketch the flight path. Problems 2.1 1. The tangent line to the curve defined by y = x° ~ 6x? + Sxatthe point A(3, ~3), intersects the curve at another point B. Find the coordinates of B. Illustrate this situation with a sketch. 2. ‘The surface area of a weather balloon as a function of time is given by A= pt —q where p and q are constants, At =3 min, the area of the balloon’s surface is 25 and the area is changing at a rate of 39 m"/min. Find the values of p and q. 1? + bx +c, where a, 3. Let r and s be the unequal roots of the quadratic function f(x) = b, and ¢ are constants, Show that LO = S'S), > Interpret this result geometrically. What happens if 4. For the power funetion f(x) =.°, find the x-intercept of the tangent line at the point (1, 1). What happens to the intercept as n increases without bound (n+ +3)? Explain tically the result geor 5, For each function f, sketch the graph of f and find an expression for f"(x). Indicate at which points f(x) does not exist ie, ifx<3 2 m= fP, 6, ifx23 b. fix) = [3° = 6| fox) = |x| = 1]