Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Chemical

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shaffi
    Microorganisms can cause infections and contamination, so sterilization is an important technique in microbiology to remove or destroy microorganisms. Sterilization completely removes all microorganisms, while disinfection only reduces microorganisms to non-harmful levels. Chemical and gaseous sterilization methods are commonly used, with chemicals needing properties like a broad spectrum of activity and gaseous methods using ethylene oxide gas effectively to sterilize heat-sensitive items.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemical

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shaffi
    4 views9 pages
    Microorganisms can cause infections and contamination, so sterilization is an important technique in microbiology to remove or destroy microorganisms. Sterilization completely removes all microorganisms, while disinfection only reduces microorganisms to non-harmful levels. Chemical and gaseous sterilization methods are commonly used, with chemicals needing properties like a broad spectrum of activity and gaseous methods using ethylene oxide gas effectively to sterilize heat-sensitive items.

    Original Title

    chemical

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Microorganisms can cause infections and contamination, so sterilization is an important technique in microbiology to remove or destroy microorganisms. Sterilization completely removes all microorganisms, while disinfection only reduces microorganisms to non-harmful levels. Chemical and gaseous sterilization methods are commonly used, with chemicals needing properties like a broad spectrum of activity and gaseous methods using ethylene oxide gas effectively to sterilize heat-sensitive items.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views9 pages

    Chemical

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shaffi
    Microorganisms can cause infections and contamination, so sterilization is an important technique in microbiology to remove or destroy microorganisms. Sterilization completely removes all microorganisms, while disinfection only reduces microorganisms to non-harmful levels. Chemical and gaseous sterilization methods are commonly used, with chemicals needing properties like a broad spectrum of activity and gaseous methods using ethylene oxide gas effectively to sterilize heat-sensitive items.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Microorganisms play an important

    role in causing infection and


    contamination. Therefore,
    Sterilization is an important
    technique in microbiology which
    helps to remove or destroy
    microorganisms from materials or
    surfaces.
    • Sterilization
    • It is the process by which an article, surface or
    medium is made free of all microorganisms
    either in vegetative or spore form.
    • Disinfection
    • It refers to the destruction of all pathogens or
    organisms which can cause infection but not
    necessarily spores. All organisms may not be
    killed but the number is reduced to a level that
    no longer harmful to health.
    Chemical Method
    • Several chemical agents are used as antiseptic
    and disinfectants. The properties of a chemical
    antiseptic or disinfectant are following
    • The chemical disinfectants need to have a
    broad spectrum of activity against all
    microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses,
    protozoa and fungi.
    • The chemical agents should act in the presence
    of organic matter.
    • High penetration power is an important
    property of the chemical agents
    • The chemical agent needs to be chemically
    stable under both acidic and basic
    environments.
    • The chemical substances should not have any corrosion
    activity in metals.
    • The disinfectants are needed to be non-toxic if absorbed
    into circulation.
    • Finally, the chemical agents are needed to be easily
    available and less expensive.
    Gaseous Sterilization
    • Gaseous sterilization involves the process of exposing
    equipment or devices to different gases in a closed
    heated or pressurized chamber.
    • Gaseous sterilization is a more effective technique as
    gases can pass through a tiny orifice and provide more
    effective results.
    • Besides, gases are commonly used along with heat
    treatment which also facilitates the functioning of the
    gases.
    • However, there is an issue of release of some toxic gases
    during the process which needs to be removed regularly
    from the system.
    • The mechanism of action is different for different types
    of gases.
    Ethylene oxide
    • ETHYLENE OXIDE (EO): Mode of action: It is an alkylating
    agent. It acts by alkylating sulfydryl-, amino-, carboxyl- and
    hydroxyl- groups. Properties: It is a cyclic molecule, which is a
    colorless liquid at room temperature. It has a sweet ethereal
    odor, readily polymerizes and is flammable. Application: It is a
    highly effective capable of killing spores rapidly. Since it is
    highly flammable, it is usually combined with CO2 (10% CO2+
    90% EO) or dichlorodifluoromethane. It requires presence of
    humidity. It has good penetration and is well absorbed by
    porous material. It is used to sterilize heat labile articles such
    as bedding, textiles, rubber, plastics, syringes, disposable petri
    dishes, complex apparatus like heart-lung machine, respiratory
    and dental equipments. Efficiency testing is done using
    Bacillus subtilis var niger. Disadvantages: It is highly toxic,
    irritating to eyes, skin, highly flammable, mutagenic and
    carcinogenic.
    Liquid Sterilization
    • Liquid sterilization is the process of sterilization which involves
    the submerging of equipment in the liquid sterilant to kill all
    viable microorganisms and their spores.
    • Although liquid sterilization is not as effective as gaseous
    sterilization, it is appropriate in conditions where a low level of
    contamination is present.
    Hydrogen peroxide
    • Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid chemical sterilizing agent which is a
    strong oxidant and can destroy a wide range of microorganisms.
    • It is useful in the sterilization of heat or temperature-sensitive
    equipment like endoscopes. In medical applications, a higher
    concentration (35-90%) is used.
    • H2O2 has a short sterilization cycle time as these cycles are as short
    as 28 minutes where ethylene oxide has cycles that as long as 10-12
    hours.
    • However, hydrogen peroxide has drawbacks like low material
    compatibility, lower capacity of penetration, and associated health
    risks.
    • Vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) is used to sterilize largely
    enclosed and sealed areas, such as entire rooms and aircraft
    interiors.
    •

    You might also like