MODULE 2

COMMUNITY METHODOLOGIES, APPROACHES, AND PRINCIPLES

Community encompasses various approaches, methods, and principles that every citizen
can utilize. Such concepts can be very useful in achieving community and citizenship solidarity.
These community principles, methods, and approaches must be present and must be practiced
by the citizens of the community for a just development. Each act in the community has and a
standard to be followed and thus can be established as effective societal principles.

This module is divided into two (2) lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 - Selected Community Action Initiatives based on its Core Values and Principles
Lesson 2 - Methodologies and Approaches in Community Action

The learners demonstrate:

• understanding of the integration of social science perspective and community action
initiatives.

The learner will be able to:

• synthesize the integrative experience of implementing community-action initiatives
applying social sciences’ ideas and methods

• analyze functions of communities in terms of structures, dynamics, and processes; and

• differentiate typologies of communities

LESSON 1
SELECTED COMMUNITY ACTION INITIATIVES BASED ON ITS CORE VALUES AND
PRINCIPLES

In this lesson, you should be able to:

1. name and discuss the indicators in assessing community action initiatives;
2. define the fundamental community related concepts;
3. prepare a Needs Assessment questionnaire in preparation for your community action
initiative in your respective communities.
Instruction: Before you go beyond this lesson, you are tasked to answer this 10-item Multiple
Choice test. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Coed system of education.
a. human rights
b. social equity
c. gender equality
d. participatory development
2. Involvement in the community activity requires no gender neither age.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
3. Enjoyment of the most basic right to live.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
4. Laws shall be applicable to everyone regardless of the socio-economic status of the
people.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
5. The community caters to the needs of the entire population, not only that of the rich.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
6. The community folks were all tapped to prepare for the patronal feast day celebration.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
7. Spouses Pedro and Petra Madlang-bigay were allowed to put up their abode at Sitio
Naasi after the lockdown.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
8. Men and women are now found in like wok areas.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
 d. Participatory development
9. Public academic institutions admit learners from all walks of life.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development
10. Progress entails not only the endeavors of the officials of the barangay but of the entire
community as well.
a. Human rights
b. Social equity
c. Gender equality
d. Participatory development

COMMUNITY Community
CORE
VALUES AND
Action
PRINCIPLES Initiatives

This map directly illustrates the relationship of community core values and
principles with the selected community action initiatives.

Activity 1: WHAT I ALREADY KNOW

Instruction: In the light of your knowledge, concisely define the following words below.
1. Community Initiative
2. Community Act
3. Community Principles
4. Community Core Values
Activity 2: ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS!
Instruction: Read each concept closely. A box is provided for note-taking.

Community action initiatives must be anchored from the core principles of participatory
development. The next thing to do after preparing the community action initiative plan and after
its implementation is to ask the question “would this plan meet its objectives?” or “did the
community action initiative meet the objectives?” The moment you have answered these
questions, you already have a gauge on whether the activity is successful or not. This further
means that assessing or evaluating the community action initiative- plan and implementation,
would also help you determine the value of your work or of your efforts.
Practically, there could be two instances of the assessment or evaluation. First is the
planning or pre-implementation assessment and the second is the post-implementation
assessment. The first evaluation or assessment becomes a tool for gathering or obtaining data to
help you lay your plan for the community action initiative. In other words, this is called the needs
assessment, which is indeed the very first part of the planning. According to Melegrito et al (2016,
p124), needs assessment is an “investigation of the problems and issues concerning the life and
environment of the people in the community through a research collaboration with them.” This
means that the first instance of assessment will help you identify which core value of community
engagement should be targeted; who your participants would be; what appropriate activity or
activities must be conducted; what time frame should you consider; what post-implementation
evaluation tool should you prepare; and, other concerns involved in the community action
initiative. This phase of the assessment is vital in the implementation of an excellent community
action initiative.
The concept of needs assessment is not new to you as this was intimated earlier in another
specialized subject in the Humanities and Social Sciences strand. So that you should know by
now that the Needs Assessment questionnaire may be structured in the simplest manner possible
to be readily understood by your respondents, especially so, that you shall be administering the
assessment in your community, and the questions to be asked must be appropriate to your target
respondents or target sector of the community. The NA could be administered through a
questionnaire or interview, whichever is more convenient and more effective. Either way, the NA
must include but not limited to the following: the demographic profile of the community and of the
individual respondent or participant; questions pertaining to on-going activities or what activities
the respondents are clamoring for; possible questions pertaining to present predicament of the
individual respondent and of the community, to include problems or issues they are presently
faced with; queries about the existing infrastructures or amusement provisions, as the case may
be, and any other relevant questions. Below is an example of a needs assessment questionnaire
to be administered to the target participants.
 Name (Optional)
Occupation
Marital Status
Gender
Questionnaire Proper. Please read the questions on the left and answer by checking Yes
or No on the right side, and please answer the follow-up question.
Yes No
1. Is there any existing program in the barangay where you are involved?
What is the name of the program? _________________________
__________________________________________________________.

2. Is there any existing program in the barangay where you are a beneficiary?
What is the name of the program? _________________________
__________________________________________________________.

3. Is the existing program being satisfactorily implemented?

4. Does the program cater to your needs?

5. If yes (#3), would you recommend that it continues to be implemented?

If no (#3), would you recommend for another program?
What program would you recommend? __________________
_________________________________________________________
6. Is there any particular activity you would personally want to be involved in?
What is the name of the activity? _____________________
7. (And other related questions)

As a part of the needs assessment, it is incumbent in the community action implementors

to have an internal needs assessment which shall guide them in the drafting of the action plan,
where they must determine the number of participants vis-à-vis the entire population of the target
sector; the resources needed and who must be involved in the prospective activities.
The second instance or phase of evaluation comes after the activity, purposely to assess
the result of the community action initiative. This after-program assessment would serve as the
measure with regards the attainment of the objective/s of activity and program objective/s and
with regards the conduct of the activity/ies. This reflects the success or failure of the community
initiative. This tool is a necessary measure for the activity implementors to identify success or
failure indicators which would serve as an incentive for the hard work and a job well done and/or
a guide to improve the succeeding community action programs or activities. The questions in this
assessment could either be open-ended or answerable with yes or no. You please refer to the
next page for an example of the (after) program assessment.

Name (Optional)
Age
Gender
Questionnaire Proper. Please read the questions on the left and answer by checking Yes or No
on the right side, and please answer the follow-up question. Yes No
1. The activity started on time.
2. The time for conducting the training was appropriate for the activity.
3. The time for the activity was properly allocated.
4. The venue was appropriate for the activity.
 5. The venue was well-ventilated.
6. The materials needed for the activity were provided for.
7. The activity facilitators were cordial and approachable.
8. The activity facilitators were helpful to the participants.
9. The trainees participated actively.
10. The talk was clearly delivered.
11. The talk was aligned to the topic.
12. There was a part in the talk which was offensive to the rights of the participants. What
particular right was offended? __________________
___________________________________________________________.
12. There was a part in the activity which insinuated social inequity. What part of the activity
insinuated social inequity?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
13. There was a part in the activity which encouraged gender inequality. What part of the
activity encouraged gender inequality?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
14. In the scale of 1-5, how do you rate the activity? (5 being the highest score, 1 being the
lowest score) ____________________
15. Do you have any comments and recommendations? What are your comments and
recommendations? _______
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Assessment Indicators
In the conduct of assessment, there are indicators to be considered and they are as follows:
1. Human resources, which refers to the (number of) participants, the resource speaker {if any},
activity facilitator/s, and the core group (which topic shall be discussed in lesson 2.)
2. Financial resources, which refers to whatever money needed for the realization of the
community action program.
3. Equipment/materials required, which refers to whatever things that are needed in the
effective implementation of the activity/ies.
Activity 3: CRITICAL THINKING
Instruction: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the importance of studying selected community action initiatives?

2. How do you describe the core values of your local community?
3. What is the main difference between community core values and community action
initiatives?

In this lesson, you have learned that:

✓ Every action in the community contributes the its development;
✓ Community action initiatives should be aligned with community core values and principles;
✓ Every needs of the community must be properly evaluated; and
✓ Every community initiative needs a plan.

Taguibao and de Guzman. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship. (2017).

Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Publications.

Macta, Ronaldo B., Melegrito, Lourdes F., and Mendoza, Diana J. Applied Research: An
Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods and Report Writing (The Padayon
Series).(2016). Manila, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

Standard Approaches of Community Development. UniversalClass.com. (n.d.). Retrieved May

18, 2022, from https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/standard-approaches-of-
community-development.htm
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analysis.pdf

The world's most popular free online survey tool. SurveyMonkey. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18,
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Section 21. windshield and walking surveys. Chapter 3. Assessing Community Needs and
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Tool Box. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2022, from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-
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surveys/main