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Lect-1C Intro To Java

The document is a lecture on introducing Java programming. It covers the anatomy of a Java program including classes, packages, and modifiers. It then discusses the main method and shows a simple "Hello World" Java program as an example. It breaks down the components of the program to explain how it works. The lecture also covers Java concepts like keywords, identifiers, comments, and the steps of compiling and executing a Java program.

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Amitesh Saha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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11 views

Lect-1C Intro To Java

The document is a lecture on introducing Java programming. It covers the anatomy of a Java program including classes, packages, and modifiers. It then discusses the main method and shows a simple "Hello World" Java program as an example. It breaks down the components of the program to explain how it works. The lecture also covers Java concepts like keywords, identifiers, comments, and the steps of compiling and executing a Java program.

Uploaded by

Amitesh Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1C

CS F213
Object Oriented Programming
10/01/24

BITS, Pilani Goa campus


Prof. Anita Agrawal
Introduction
to Java
Topics:
▪ Anatomy of a Java Program
▪ History of Java
▪ Salient Features of Java
▪ Stages of Execution of Java Program
▪ JVM vs. JRE vs. JDK

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3

Java Program

▪ A Java program is defined as a collection of objects that


communicate via invoking each other’s methods.

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4

Anatomy of A Java Program


A. Reserved words / Keywords
B. Classes
C. Package
D. Modifiers
E. Statements
F. Blocks
G. Methods
H. The main method
I. Comments

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5

My first program

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6

Breaking down the program


▪ “class" keyword is used to declare a new class.
▪ “Myfirstjavaprogram" is the identifier
▪ public static void main
▪ public:
» It is an example of an access specifier.
» Allows programmer to control the visibility of class
members
» Members may be accessed from outside the class in which
they are declared.

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7

Breaking down the program


(Contd.)
 main() be declared as public since it will be called
by outside it’s class

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Breaking down the program (Contd.)
▪ static:
» Allows main() to be called without creating an object of the
class.
» It is necessary since main() is called by JVM before any
objects are made.

▪ void:
» Defines the return type, in this case it is void.

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main

» The system locates and runs the main method for a class
when you run a program.

» Other methods get executed when called by the main


method.

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10

▪ String args[ ]

– Declares a variable (object) named args

– It is an array of String class instances

– args[ ] receives any command line arguments during


program execution

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11

System.out.println
▪ println: It is a method

▪ It is used by invoking a statement with a string argument.

▪ The string argument is enclosed within parentheses. In this


case, the argument is "This is my first java program!"

▪ You can call the same println method with a different


argument to print a different message.

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12

Blocks
▪ A pair of braces in a program form a block that groups
components of a program.

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13

Comments
//my first java program
class myfirstjavaprogram
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("this is my first java
program");

}
}

// This is a single line comment


/* These are multiple
line comments */
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14

Lexical constraints

▪ Whitespace – Java is a free-form language (indentation is not


necessary but desirable).
» As long as there is one whitespace character between each token –
Space, tab, and newline.

▪ Identifiers – Used for class, method, and variable names.


▪ Literals – A constant value in Java is called literal
▪ Comments – /* */ and //
Anita Agrawal
Identifiers
▪ Combination of uppercase and lowercase letters,
and numbers
▪ Underscore_ and $ sign are allowed.
▪ Must begin with an alphabet, underscore or $
▪ Case-sensitive
▪ 3-15 characters
▪ Reserved keywords cannot be used

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16

List of Separators

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17

Reserved words/ Keywords in Java

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18

Important points
▪ The name of the source file is very important.
▪ In previous example, the name of the file will be
myfirstjavaprogram.java
▪ The name of the class should match the name of file that holds
the program.
▪ A source file is officially called compilation unit.

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▪ It is a text file that contains one or more class definitions.

▪ For Java compiler, source file must have .java extension.

▪ In Java, all code must reside inside a class

▪ Java is a case-sensitive programming language.

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Next …………Steps of execution

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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