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Chapter - 5

This document provides an overview of analogue and digital data acquisition systems. It discusses how data acquisition systems are used to measure and record analog signals from direct electrical measurements or transducers. It describes the key components of data acquisition systems, including signal conditioning, DAQ hardware, and software. It also briefly discusses magnetic tape recorders and converter circuits as part of analogue and digital data acquisition.

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14 views2 pages

Chapter - 5

This document provides an overview of analogue and digital data acquisition systems. It discusses how data acquisition systems are used to measure and record analog signals from direct electrical measurements or transducers. It describes the key components of data acquisition systems, including signal conditioning, DAQ hardware, and software. It also briefly discusses magnetic tape recorders and converter circuits as part of analogue and digital data acquisition.

Uploaded by

dawitdabale09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course Introduction to Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation Abraham F,March,2021

Analogue and Digital Data


Chapter-⑤ Acquisition System
Introduction:
Instrumentation Systems
Data acquisition systems are used to measure and record analog signals obtained in basically two
different ways:
Signal originating from direct measurement of electrical quantities
These signals may includes; DC,AC Voltage ,frequency or resistance
Signal originating from transducer
More Common transducer: Strain gage, thermocouple
Here, data acquisition system can be either; Analog –data and digital data acquisition system
Signal conditioning transforms a signal, typically from a transducer, into another form of that
signal. The reason for doing this is simple. The original signal is not suitable to be used as an input
that is normally sent to a data acquisition system. The original signal might not be suitable because
the voltage level is too low, there is some inherent high frequency noise on the signal, or a
transformation of the signal must occur before being time sampled.
In general, signal conditioning is used to make an optimal match between signal source and the
data acquisition system.
Data Acquisition System
Data acquisition: is the process by which physical phenomena from the real world are
transformed into electrical signals that are measured and converted into a digital format for
processing, analysis, and storage by a computer.
Today, most scientists and engineers are using personal computers with PCI, PXI/Compact PCI,
USB, IEEE1394, ISA, or parallel or serial ports for data acquisition in laboratory research, test and
measurement, and industrial automation. Many applications use plug-in boards to acquire data and
transfer it directly to computer memory. Others use DAQ hardware remote from the PC that is
coupled via parallel or serial port. Obtaining proper results from a PC-based DAQ system depends
on each of the following system elements

The personal computer


Transducers
Signal conditioning
DAQ hardware
Softw

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Course Introduction to Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation Abraham F,March,2021

Physical
Phenomena
Data Acquisition System

signal
Sensor conditioning
DAQ Computer Software
hardware
Actuator

Data
Physical
analysis
Phenomena

Magnetic tape recorders


Magnetic tape recorders can record analogue signals up to 80 kHz in frequency. As the speed of
the tape transport can be switched between several values, signals can be recorded at high speed
and replayed at a lower speed. Such time scaling of the recorded information allows a hard copy
of the signal behaviour to be obtained from instruments such as ultra-violet and galvanometric
recorders whose bandwidth is insufficient to allow direct signal recording. Instrumentation tape
recorders typically have between four and ten channels, allowing many signals to be recorded
simultaneously.
The three basic types of analogue tape recording technique are direct recording, frequency-
modulated recording and pulse modulation. Direct recording offers the best data bandwidth but
the accuracy of signal amplitude recording is quite poor, and this seriously limits the usefulness of
this technique in most applications. The frequency-modulated technique offers better amplitude-
recording accuracy, with a typical inaccuracy of š5% at signal frequencies of 80 kHz.
Converter Circuits
Digital signal conditioning can be considered as changing one form of digital data to another form.
An example would be the serial-to-parallel or parallel-to-serial conversion. Some even consider
the analog-to-digital conversion as digital signal conditioning. Another example would be on-
board processing of digital data before recording or transmission. This processing could be as
simple as adding two measurements together or as computationally intensive as performing a
Digital Fourier Transform on a vibration measurement.

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