Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/tabs20

Fuzzy differential subordination associated

with generalized Mittag-Leffler type Poisson
distribution

Bushra Kanwal, Kashmala Sarfaraz, Munnaza Naz & Afis Saliu

To cite this article: Bushra Kanwal, Kashmala Sarfaraz, Munnaza Naz & Afis Saliu
(2024) Fuzzy differential subordination associated with generalized Mittag-Leffler type
Poisson distribution, Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 31:1, 206-212, DOI:
10.1080/25765299.2024.2319366

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/25765299.2024.2319366

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UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis
Group on behalf of the University of
Bahrain.

Published online: 28 Feb 2024.

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ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES University of Bahrain
2024, VOL. 31, NO. 1, 206–212
https://doi.org/10.1080/25765299.2024.2319366

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fuzzy differential subordination associated with generalized Mittag-Leffler

type Poisson distribution
Bushra Kanwala, Kashmala Sarfaraza, Munnaza Naza and Afis Saliub
a
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; bDepartment of Mathematics,
University of the Gambia, Serrekunda, Gambia

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

This article introduces a new operator defined by the convolution of the Poisson distribution Received 21 August 2023
series and the generalized Mittag-Leffler function. Applying this operator, we study a novel Revised 5 February 2024
subclass of analytic functions using the technique of fuzzy differential subordination. Also, Accepted 12 February 2024
we prove some significant results related to the fuzzy differential relation for this novel class.
KEYWORDS
These results are applied to particular functions to showcase the significance of our findings. Analytic functions; fuzzy
differential subordination;
Mittag-Leffler function;
open unit disk; poisson
distribution

1. Introduction of differential subordination has started some deca­

des ago but the work of Mocanu and Miller in 1981
In 1965, Lofti A. Zadeh gave the concept of Fuzzy set
and their monograph’ Differential Subordination;
theory in his article’ Fuzzy sets’ Zadeh (1965). This
Theory and Application’ Miller, & Mocanu, (2000). is
paper is a master piece to the study of Fuzzy set the­
ory and piqued the attention of researchers from vari­ the gateway to the in-depth study of theory of dif­
ous domains such as mathematics, sciences, social ferential subordination. In 2011, (Oros, and Oros.
science and engineering. It began from the idea that (2012) , extended the idea of differential subordin­
components of human thinking are linguistic terms ation and systematically developed the concept of
not the numbers. Over time, the study of Fuzzy theory Fuzzy differential subordination. This notion integra­
has indeed expanded and found applications in vari­ tes ideas from Fuzzy set theory and Complex ana­
ous branches of science. Fuzzy theory deals with lysis by handling uncertainty in the context of
uncertainty and provides a framework for reasoning analytical functions. As a result, the novel area has
and decision-making where exact binary logic is insuf­ witness significant developments in Geometric func­
ficient. For example, Fuzzy set theory is applicable in tion theory. For more information in this direction,
Fuzzy geometric transformations, Image processing one may see (El-Deeb & Lupas, 2020; Kanwal et al.,
and Computer vision, Optimization and Decision-mak­ 2023; Lupaş & Oros, 2021; Shah et al., 2023; Shah
ing, etc. The flexibility and ability to handle uncer­ et al., 2023).
tainty makes Fuzzy theory a valuable tool in Inspired by its vast applications, we used the
addressing real-world problems in various fields (see technique of Fuzzy differential subordination to
(Coffin & Taylor, 1996; Ganesh & Arivazhagan, 2017; introduce a subclass of analytic functions involving
Teodorescu, 2011; Tzes & Borowiec, 1996)). Poisson distribution and generalized Mittag-Leffler
The notion of differential subordination has been functions. Furthermore, we investigate some interest­
developed and studied within the field of Complex ing results associated with the Fuzzy differential sub­
analysis. Diverse branches of the area, such as ordination for this novel class. The motivation
Geometric function theory and Fractional calculus behind the present article is the current develop­
have extensively used this concept to introduce and ments and principally the recent works of Lupas &
investigate various classes of analytic functions Oros, 2021; Lupaş & Oros, 2015 We start by defining
(seeJabeen & Saliu, 2023; Mihsin et al., 2022; Raza some subclasses of analytic functions necessary to
et al., 2021; Saliu et al., 2022)). Although the concept introduce our novel class.

CONTACT Afis Saliu [email protected] Department of Mathematics, University of the Gambia, MDI Road, Kanifing, Serrekunda, Gambia
� 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the University of Bahrain.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow
the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
 ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 207

Let X ¼ f1 2 C : j1j < 1g be an open unit disc on 2. FgðXÞ gð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ, 1 2 X:
a complex plane and HðXÞ the class of holomorphic
The relationship between notions of classical sub-
functions in X: We denote
� � ordination and fuzzy subordination was discussed by
An ¼ f 2 HðXÞ : f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ anþ1 1nþ1 þ :::, 1 2 X Oros et al. in (Oros & Oros, 2011). In this paper, they
proved that every classical subordination is not
to be the class of normalized analytic functions with equivalent to fuzzy subordination. However, if we
A1 ¼ A: For f 2 A, we have the series representa­ assume hð1Þ is univalent, then gð1Þ � F hð1Þ if and
tion only if gð1Þ � hð1Þ: It means that the classical subor-
X
1 dination and fuzzy subordination coincide if and
f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ an 1n , 81 2 X: only if h is univalent. For a clear understanding of
n¼2
this fact, (Oros, and Oros (2011) present the follow-
Also, we let ing examples.
� �
H½a, n� ¼ f 2 HðXÞ : f ð1Þ ¼ a þ anþ1 1nþ1 þ :::, 1 2 X, a 2 C Example 1.3. Let f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 12 =4 and gð1Þ ¼
Let S denote the class of normalized univalent 12 =ð1 þ 2Þ be defined in X: Clearly, these functions
functions and C � S the class of all convex functions. are not univalent in X, but f ð0Þ ¼ gð0Þ: If Ff ðXÞ f ð1Þ �
Analytically, f 2 C if and only if FgðXÞ gð1Þ, 1 2 X, then f �F g: The condition
! Ff ðXÞ f ð1Þ � FgðXÞ gð1Þ implies f ðXÞ � gðXÞ: On the
ð1f 0 ð1ÞÞ0 other hand, using the definition of subordination, f 6�
R > 0, 1 2 X:
f 0 ð1Þ g since g is not univalent in X:

Let f and g be in An : Then f is subordinate to g The subsequent example shows when the two
denoted by f � g if there exists analytic function w subordinations coincide.
with jwð1Þj < 1 and wð0Þ ¼ 0 such that f ð1Þ ¼ pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Example 1.4. Let f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 1 and gð1Þ ¼ 1þ1 1−1 : It is
gðwð1ÞÞ, for all 1 2 X: clear that f ð0Þ ¼ gð0Þ: Furthermore, if we consider
Fuzzy differential subordination extends the con­ Ff ðXÞ f ð1Þ � FgðXÞ gð1Þ, 1 2 X, then f �F g, which implies
cept of differential subordination to fuzzy logic. The that f ðXÞ � gðXÞ: Since g is univalent, then f � g:
notion of fuzzy differential subordination involves
knowing the properties of a differential expression Conversely, suppose f � g: It is easy to see that
on a fuzzy set for a function, allow one to determin f ð1Þ maps the open unit disc onto the right half of
the properties of that function on a given fuzzy set. Lemniscate of Bernoulli i.e. f ðXÞ ¼ fw 2 C :
We introduce the following notions of the Fuzzy set. jw2 − 1j � 1g and gð1Þ maps the open unit disc onto
the right half of the complex plane. Therefore,
Definition 1.1 Gal, & Ban, (1996). Let X be a non- f ðXÞ � gðXÞ, which means Ff ðXÞ f ð1Þ � FgðXÞ gð1Þ:
empty set. A Fuzzy subset A of X is the pair ðA, FA Þ Also, f ð0Þ ¼ gð0Þ, and hence f �F g:
such that FA: X ! ½0, 1� is defined to be the member-
ship function of A as Definition 1.5 (Oros, and Oros (2012). Consider W :
� C3 � X ! C and let h be a univalent function in X
1 if x 2 A, with,
FA ðxÞ ¼ (1)
0 if x 62 A,
� � Wða, 0, 0; 0Þ ¼ hð0Þ ¼ a: (2)
and A ¼ x 2 X : 0 < FA ðxÞ � 1 , is the support of
the Fuzzy set consisting of all the elements with For an analytic function q in X with qð0Þ ¼ a, if
non-zero membership value of set A. So, we can also the following fuzzy differential subordination of
write as A ¼ suppðA, FA Þ: second order is satisfied
� �
It is worth mentioning that for a Fuzzy subset, 0 FWðC3 �XÞ W qð1Þ, 1q0 ð1Þ, 12 q00 ð1Þ; 1 � FhðXÞ hð1Þ 1 2 X:
is the smallest and 1 is the highest membership (3)
value. We denote the membership of empty set U �
X as FU ðxÞ ¼ 0, x 2 X, while the set X itself has the That is,
� �
membership value as FX ðxÞ ¼ 1, x 2 X: W qð1Þ, 1q0 ð1Þ, 12 q00 ð1Þ; 1 �F hð1Þ, 1 2 X: (4)
Definition 1.2 (Lupaş, and Oros (2021) . Let 10 be a Then, q will be the fuzzy solution of fuzzy differen-
fixed point in X: Let g, h 2 HðXÞ be two analytic tial subordination. A univalent function q will be the
functions. The function g is said to be the fuzzy sub- fuzzy dominant to the fuzzy differential solution if
ordinate to the function h and written as gð1Þ�F hð1Þ
FqðXÞ qð1Þ � FqðXÞ qð1Þ, 12X
for 1 2 X, or we can also write g�F h if the following
conditions are true: that is,
qð1Þ�F qð1Þ, (5)
1. gð10 Þ ¼ hð10 Þ,
208 B. KANWAL ET AL.

and it satisfies (Coffin & Taylor, 1996) for all func- Porwal, and Dixit (2017) . The probability mass func-
tion q. A fuzzy dominant q ~ that satisfies the follow- tion of this distribution with parameter m > 0 is
ing condition mr
Pðx ¼ rÞ ¼ CðarþbÞE a, b ðmÞ
, r ¼ 0, 1, 2, :::: The probabil-
~ ð1Þ�F qð1Þ,
q (6) ity mass function for Qag,, kb ðzÞ with parameter m > 0
for all fuzzy dominants q of (Coffin & Taylor, 1996) is can also be defined in a similar way as Pðx ¼ rÞ ¼
called fuzzy best dominant.
mr
, r ¼ 0, 1, 2, :::: Moreover, Frasin et al.
Swedish Mathematician Gosta Mittag-Leffler intro- CðarþbÞQag,, kb ðmÞ
duced Mittag-Leffler function in 1903 while studying (2022) defined power series whose coefficients
summations of some divergent series (Mittag-Leffler involve probabilities of Poisson distribution series of
(1903). The Mittag Leffler function has the form Mittag-Leffler type. Frasin et al. (2021) introduced
X
1
1n the following series with generalized Mittag-Leffler
Ea ð1Þ ¼ 1 2 C, RðaÞ > 0, function:
n¼0
Cðan þ 1Þ
X
1
mn−1
which was extended by Wiman (1905). and defined as: wm , g, k
a, b ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ g, k
1n (7)
X
1 n n¼2 Cðaðn − 1Þ þ bÞQa, b ðmÞ
1
Ea, b ð1Þ ¼ 1, a, b 2 C, Rða, bÞ > 0: m 2 ½0, 1�, 1 2 X:
n¼0
Cðan þ bÞ
By using the technique of convolution, we define
This function is normalized as: the following new operator.
X
1
1n Definition 1.6 (Frasin et al., 2021). Let f ð1Þ ¼
Ea, b ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ �, P
ð Þ
n¼2 C a n − 1 þ b
1þ 1 n
n¼2 an 1 , 1 2 X: Define

where 1, a, b 2 C, Rða, bÞ > 0 and b 6¼ 0, − 1, − 2, − 3, :::: Pam, ,bg, k ð1Þ ¼ wm , g, k

a, b ð1Þ � f ð1Þ:
The concept of generalized Mittag-Lefller functions
presented in Srivastava, and El-Deeb (2021). plays a Using (Frasin et al., 2021) in the above expression,
key role in the theory of Fractional calculus and we get the following function
has applications in modeling complex physical X
1
mn−1
systems with memory effects. Due to the significance Pam, ,bg, k ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ an 1n , (8)
Cðaðn − 1Þ þ bÞQga,, kb ðmÞ
n¼2
of Mittag-Leffler functions, many researchers used
� �
it in Geometric function theory (see Kanwal, where a, g, b, k 2 C; RðaÞ > max 0, RðkÞ − 1 ; RðkÞ
2022; Noreen et al., 2019; Srivastava et al., 2022). In a > 0, m 2 ½0, 1�:
more general sense, Attiya (2021) used generalized For convenience, we will consider our parameters
Mittag-Leffler functions to introduce the following to be real-valued for 1 2 X: We introduce the follow-
function: ing class of analytic functions using the oper-
X1
Cða þ bÞCðg þ kÞ1n ator Pam, ,bg, k :
Qga,, kb ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 1 2 X,
n¼2
Cðag þ bÞCðag þ kÞn! Definition 1.7 (Frasin et al., 2021). Consider 0 � c < 1:
m, g, k
� � A function f 2 A belongs to class F� a, b ðcÞ if the fol-
where a, b, g 2 C; RðaÞ > max 0, RðkÞ − 1 and k is
lowing inequality holds true:
the complex number such that RðkÞ > 0:
Distribution series for random variables are FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 > c, 1 2 X:
a, b
studied in Geometric function theory over the span
of last decade. Posisson Distribution series was
developed by Poisson (2013). The series provides a 2. Preliminary results
mathematical framework for understanding and ana-
lyzing random processes with a discrete event struc- In this section, we present some important results
ture. For a random variable X, the probability mass which are significant to our study.
function of Poisson distribution with parameter Lemma 2.1 (Miller, and Mocanu (2000) . Let h 2 A
m > 0 is define as follows: and
e−m x ð
f ðxÞ ¼ PðX ¼ xÞ ¼ m, x ¼ 0, 1, 2, :::: 1 1
x! uð1Þ ¼ hðtÞdt, 1 2 X
1 0
In 2014, Porwal (2014) introduced a series having if
the coefficients as probability of Poisson Distribution. � �
1h0 ð1Þ 1
In the article, he applied this series on univalent R 1 þ 00 >− , 1 2 X,
h ð1Þ 2
functions. Moreover, Porwal and Dixit presented
Mittag-Leffler type poisson distribution series in then u 2 C:
 ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 209

Ð1
Lemma 2.2 (Oros, and Oros (2012)). Let h be a con- Proof. Since 1sþ1 Gð1Þ ¼ ðs þ 2Þ 0 ts f ðtÞdt, then a
vex function and let k 2 C� ¼ C − f0g with RðkÞ > 0: simple computation gives ðs þ 1ÞGð1Þ þ 1G0 ð1Þ ¼
If q is analytic in X and qð0Þ ¼ hð0Þ, define U : ðs þ 2Þf ð1Þ: Since Pam, ,bg, k is a linear operator, we can
C2 � X ! C by write the above equation in the following form
� � 1
U qð1Þ, 1q0 ð1Þ; 1 ¼ qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ ðs þ 1ÞPam, ,bg, k Gð1Þ þ 1ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 ¼ ðs þ 2ÞðPam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ:
k
(12)
such that U is analytic in X and
� �
1 On differentiating (Kanwal, 2022) w.r.t [N/A], we
FUðC2 �XÞ qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ get
k
1 1
) qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ�F hð1Þ: ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 þ 1ðPm, g, k Gð1ÞÞ00 ¼ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 :
k s þ 2 a, b
(13)
From fuzzy differential subordination (Jabeen &
Then Saliu, 2023), we can write (Lupaş & Oros, 2021) as
� �
FqðXÞ qð1Þ � FqðXÞ qð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ m, g, k 0 1 m, g, k 00
FðPm, g, k FÞðXÞ Pa, b Gð1Þ þ 1ðP Gð1ÞÞ
a, b s þ 2 a, b
) qð1Þ�F qð1Þ�F hð1Þ 1 2 X, � �
1
Ð1 � FhðXÞ lð1Þ þ 1l0 ð1Þ : (14)
where qð1Þ ¼ kk 0 hðtÞtk=n−1 dt, 1 2 X is convex in sþ2
n1n
open unit disc X and fuzzy best dominant. Set
Lemma 2.3. [21] Let g 2 C such that qð1Þ ¼ ððPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 (15)
hð1Þ ¼ gð1Þ þ nk1gð1Þ, 1 2 X, n 2 N, k > 0:
such that q 2 H½1, n�: Then substituting (Miller and
Define a fucntion q as Mocanu, 2000) into (Lupaş & Oros, 2015), we obtain
� �
qð1Þ ¼ gð0Þ þ qn 1n þ qnþ1 1nþ1 þ � � � , 12X 1 0
FðPm, g, k f ÞðXÞ qð1Þ þ 1q ð1Þ
a, b sþ2
such that � �
1 0
FqðXÞ ðqð1Þ þ 1kqð1ÞÞ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ � FhðXÞ lð1Þ þ 1l ð1Þ :
sþ2
) qð1Þ þ 1kqð1Þ�F hð1Þ:
Applying Lemma (2.3), we have FqðXÞ qð1Þ �
Then FlðXÞ lð1Þ: That is,
FqðXÞ qð1Þ � FgðXÞ gð1Þ ) qð1Þ�F gð1Þ: FðPm, g, k Gð1ÞÞ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 �F FlðXÞ lð1Þ,
a, b

This result is sharp. which implies

ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 �F lð1Þ:
3. Main results
Hence, we get the result. w
In this section, we prove our main results.
Theorem 3.2. Assume that
Theorem 3.1. Let l 2 C and suppose that hð1Þ ¼
m, g, k
1
lð1Þ þ sþ2 1l0 ð1Þ: If f 2 F� a, b ðcÞ and 1 þ ð2c − 1Þ1
hð1Þ ¼ , c 2 ½0, 1Þ:
ð 1þ1
sþ2 1
Gð1Þ ¼ Is f ð1Þ ¼ sþ1 ts f ðtÞdt, (9)
1 0 Let Is denote the operator given in (Ganesh &
then the following differential subordination Arivazhagan, 2017). Then
m, g, k m, g, k
FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 � FhðXÞ hð1Þ Is F� a, b ðcÞ � F� a, b ðc� Þ,
a, b

) ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 �F hð1Þ (10) where

ð1
implies � tsþ2
c ¼ 2c − 1 þ ðc þ 2Þð2 − 2cÞ dt: (16)
0tþ1
FðPm, g, k GÞ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 � FlðXÞ lð1Þ
a, b
Proof. Following the initial procedures of the proof
) ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 �F lð1Þ: (11)
of Theorem 3.1, we obtain
� �
This result is sharp. 1
FqðXÞ qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ �F FhðXÞ hð1Þ, (17)
mþ2
210 B. KANWAL ET AL.

where Using Lemma (2.3), we obtain

qð1Þ ¼ ðPam, ,bg, k G0 ð1ÞÞ: Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ
FqðXÞqð1Þ � FlðXÞlð1Þ ) � Flð1Þ lð1Þ,
1
Using Lemma (2.2), we get
which means
FqðXÞ qð1Þ � FlðXÞ lð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ,
Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ
which implies � lð1Þ:
1
FðPm, g, k GÞ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 � FlðXÞ lð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ: We demonstrate Theorem 3.3 with following
a, b

example. w
Thus,
ð
s þ 2 1 sþ1 1 þ ð2c − 1Þt Example 3.4. Let lð1Þ ¼ 1þ1 1
with lð0Þ ¼ 1, l0 ð1Þ ¼
lð1Þ ¼ sþ2 t dt 1 −2
1 0 1 þðt ð1þ1Þ2
and l00 ð1Þ ¼ ð1þ1Þ 3 : Then
1 sþ1 (18)
ðs þ 2Þð2 − 2cÞ t 1 1 1 þ 21
¼ ð2c − 1Þ þ dt: hð1Þ ¼ lð1Þ þ 1l0 ð1Þ ¼ þ1 , hð1Þ ¼ :
1sþ2 01þt 1þ1 ð1 þ 1Þ 2
ð1 þ 1Þ2
By Lemma (2.2), it can easily be seen that lð1Þ 2 C (21)
and is the best fuzzy dominant. Therefore, we have
Take f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 312 þ 413 : For a ¼ 2, b ¼ 2, m ¼ 1,
FðPm, g, k GÞ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k Gð1ÞÞ0 � min FlðXÞ lð1Þ ¼ FlðXÞ lð1Þ g ¼ 1, k ¼ 1, the operator Pam, ,bg, k on f ð1Þ gives
a, b jz¼1j

and Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ ¼ P21,, 21, 1 f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 0:4812 þ 0:6413 :

c� ¼ lð1Þ: Also,
Hence, the proof is complete. w Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ P21,, 21, 1 f ð1Þ
¼ ¼ 1 þ 0:481 þ 0:6412
Theorem 3.3. Let function l 2 C with lð0Þ ¼ 1 and 1 1
0
hð1Þ ¼ lð1Þ þ l ð1Þ, 1 2 X: and
� �0
Let f 2 A satisfy the following fuzzy differential P21,, 21, 1 f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 0:961 þ 1:9212 :
subordination
By Theorem 3.3, we have
FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 � FhðXÞ hð1Þ 1 1
a, b
1 þ 0:961 þ 1:9212 �F þ ,
1 þ 1 ð1 þ 1Þ2
) ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 �F hð1Þ: (19)
which means
Then
1
ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ 1 þ 0:481 þ 0:6412 �F :
1þ1
FðPm, g, k f ÞðXÞ � FlðXÞ lð1Þ ) �F lð1Þ:
a, b 1 1
(20) Theorem 3.5. Consider h 2 HðXÞ such that hð0Þ ¼ 1
with
The result is sharp.
1h00 ð1Þ 1
Proof. Let Rð1 þ Þ>− :
h0 ð1Þ 2
P1 mn−1 n
Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ 1þ n¼2 Cðaðn−1ÞþbÞQg, k ðmÞ an 1
a, b
qð1Þ ¼ ¼ If f 2 A satisfies the following fuzzy differential
1 1
subordination
X1 mn−1
¼ 1þ an 1n−1 : � �0
n¼2
Cðaðn − 1Þ þ bÞQga,, kb ðmÞ FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ
a, b
� �0
Then ) Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ �F hð1Þ, (22)
qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ ¼ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 :
then
Therefore, from (Oros & Oros, 2011), we arrive at ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ
FðPm, g, k f ÞðXÞ � FlðXÞ lð1Þ ) �F lð1Þ,
FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 � FhðXÞ hð1Þ, a, b 1 1
a, b
(23)
which implies that Ð
1 1
where lð1Þ ¼ 1 0 hðtÞdt is convex and best fuzzy
FqðXÞ ðqð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1ÞÞ � FhðXÞ hð1Þ ¼ FlðXÞ ðlð1Þ þ 1l0 ð1ÞÞ: dominant.
 ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 211

Proof. Let which implies that

ð ð � �
Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ X
1 1 1 1 1 1 þ At
mn−1 lð1Þ ¼ hðtÞdt ¼ dt
qð1Þ ¼ ¼1þ an 1n−1 , 1 0 1 0 1 þ Bt
1 n¼2 Cðaðn − 1Þ þ bÞQag,, kb
(24) is a fuzzy best dominant.

where q 2 H½1, n�: From Lemma (2.1), we know

4. Conclusion
Ð1
that lð1Þ ¼ 11 0 hðtÞdt belongs to C and satisfies fuzzy In the present article, we used the operator associ-
differential subordination (Oros & Oros, 2011). Since ated with generalized Mittag-Leffler function and
lð1Þ þ 1l0 ð1Þ ¼ hð1Þ, l is fuzzy best dominant. Now, Poisson distribution to introduce a novel subclass of
we observe that qð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1Þ ¼ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 , 1 2 X: analytic functions defined by a means of fuzzy differ-
ential subordination. Some significant results related
So (Poisson, 2013), becomes FqðXÞ ðqð1Þ þ 1q0 ð1ÞÞ �
to second order fuzzy differential subordination are
FhðXÞ hð1Þ: By using Lemma 3, we obtain FqðXÞ qð1Þ � obtained. Moreover, some examples are given as an
ðPam,,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ
application of our results.
FlðXÞ lð1Þ ) FðPm, g, k f ÞðXÞ 1 � FlðXÞ lð1Þ: Thus, The work presented in this article can be general-
a, b
ized in a variety of ways. Geometric properties, like
Pam, ,bg, k f ð1Þ coefficient estimates, inclusion relations, and distor-
�F lð1Þ, (25)
1 tion results for this class can be established.
which completes the proof. w
Furthermore, the idea presented in this article can
Corollary 3.6. Let hð1Þ ¼ ð1 þ ð2l − 1Þ1Þ=ð1 þ also be expanded in the realm of fractional calculus.
1Þ, 0 � l < 1, 1 2 X, and f 2 A satisfies the following Results related to higher order fuzzy differential sub-
ordination can also be established.
relation FðPm, g, k f Þ0 ðXÞ ðPam, ,bg, k f ð1ÞÞ0 � FhðXÞ hð1Þ ) Pam, ,bg, k
a, b
0
f ð1Þ �F hð1Þ: Then the function lð1) given by lð1Þ ¼
4.1. Subject classification codes
2l − 1 þ 2ð1−lÞ
1 log ð1 þ 1Þ is convex and fuzzy best
[2010]Primary 30C45, 30C50
dominant.
Example 3.7. Let hð1Þ ¼ 1þA1
1þB1 with hð0Þ ¼ 1 such Acknowledgement(s)
that −1 � B < A � 1, we get
� 00 � ! The authors are thankful to the Vice Chancellors of Fatima
1h −2BðA − BÞ ð1 þ B1Þ2 Jinnah Women University and University of the Gambia for
R þ 1 ¼ R 1: : þ1
h0 ð1 þ B1Þ3 A−B providing excellent research and academic environment.
� �
1 − B1
¼R
1 þ B1 ! Disclosure statement
1 − B2 p2 1
¼R >0>− : The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
1 þ B2 p2 þ 2Bp cos h 2

Therefore, from Lemma (2.1), it implies that the Notes on contributor(s)

function f is convex. Let us consider f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 12 : The authors worked jointly and equally on this manuscript.
For a ¼ 2, b ¼ 1, m ¼ 0:5, g ¼ 1, k ¼ 4, the operator All the authors approved the final version of the
P0:5, 1, 4 f ð1Þ manuscript.
P20:5
,1
, 1, 4
f ð1Þ ¼ 1 þ 0:015612 : Also, 2, 1
1 ¼ 1þ
0:5, 1, 4 0
0:01561 and ðP2, 1 f ð1ÞÞ ¼ 1 þ 0:03121: Since
ð ð � � References
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