Scribd
Upload
15 views4 pages

4-FM Analysis2023

This document analyzes FM waves through mathematical equations and an experiment. The experiment aims to observe the effect of message signal amplitude and frequency on carrier frequency deviation and bandwidth. It involves setting a carrier frequency and varying the message signal frequency and amplitude. Frequency deviation and bandwidth are then measured at different settings to observe their relationships with the message signal parameters. Results are analyzed and reported.

Uploaded by

ali.huthaifa.eng21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views4 pages

4-FM Analysis2023

This document analyzes FM waves through mathematical equations and an experiment. The experiment aims to observe the effect of message signal amplitude and frequency on carrier frequency deviation and bandwidth. It involves setting a carrier frequency and varying the message signal frequency and amplitude. Frequency deviation and bandwidth are then measured at different settings to observe their relationships with the message signal parameters. Results are analyzed and reported.

Uploaded by

ali.huthaifa.eng21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Ninevah University Communication Lab3

College: Electronics Eng. Exp.: FM-analysis


Dept.: Communication Eng. Semester two: 2021

Analysis of FM waves
Analysis of FM Wave
In analogue modulation system, the information or baseband signal is
transmitted by causing this signal to vary either the amplitude, frequency,
or the phase of higher frequency carrier. FM modulation is none-linear
(exponential) process, in which, the modulated wave in phase form is an
exponential function of the message, that is:

S FM (t )  A0 Re e jwo e j sin wt  …… (1)
A0 = carrier magnitude.
ωo = angular frequency of un-modulated carrier.
ω = angular frequency of the signal.

  = modulation index.

  2f = frequency deviation.

The equation (1) may be expanded using the Fourier- Bessel equation:

VFM (t )  Re Ao e jwot  J n (  )e jnwt  …… (2)

Where Jn(  ) are Bessel function of the first kind of order n and argument
β, taking a real part of (2) and expanding products of sines and cosines
finally results in :
 J 0 (  ) cos w0 t  J 1 (  )cos(w0  w)t  
 
VFM (t )  Ao  J 2 (  )cos(w0  2 w)t  cos(w0  2 w)t  
 J (  )cos(w  3w)t  cos(w  3w)t   .....
 3 0 0 

 Ao J
n  
n (  ) cos(w0  nw)t …… (3)
Ninevah University Communication Lab3
College: Electronics Eng. Exp.: FM-analysis
Dept.: Communication Eng. Semester two: 2021

Examining equation (3), we see that the FM spectrum consists of a carrier


frequency line plus an infinite number of sideband lines of
frequencies ( f c  nf ) .
It is in contrast to Am waves of only two sidebands with single tone
modulation. However, the magnitudes of spectral components of higher-
order sidebands become negligible, and for all practical purposes the
power is contained within a finite bandwidth:
BW  2 fm(1   ) Or BW  2( fm  f )

{(1+β) sidebands of FM wave containing the 99% power of un-


modulated carrier}.
Ninevah University Communication Lab3
College: Electronics Eng. Exp.: FM-analysis
Dept.: Communication Eng. Semester two: 2021

Procedures:
1- Selected FM system from the generator, Set the carrier frequency
to 1MHz.
2- Keep f constant at 3 KHz and change fm in steps (1 KHz, 1.5
KHz and 3 KHz) and in each state draw the frequency spectrum
and measure the bandwidth.
3- Set f at 3 KHz, fm at 3 KHz and change Am at (0.3,0.5,1.45, 2,
3.5, 5, 7) volt. Measure the frequency deviation and the bandwidth.

Report:
1- From step 6, what is the effect of the amplitude and frequency of
message signal Am and fm on the carrier frequency deviation?
2- Calculate the bandwidth for AM , if the message signal with
Am =1 volt and f m =3.4 KHz , ka =1 for AM

3- Calculate the bandwidth for AM , if the message signal with Am =1


volt and f m =3.4 KHz , ka =1 for AM
Ninevah University Communication Lab3
College: Electronics Eng. Exp.: FM-analysis
Dept.: Communication Eng. Semester two: 2021

Paper of results:
Step2
Frequency Frequency of message Bandwidth
deviation f (KHz) signal(KHz)

3 1
3 3
3 5
Comment on the result.

Step-3
Frequency Frequency of Amplitude of Number of Frequency IS
deviation message signal message signal sideband deviation Find BW NBFM
∆f = KHz Fm= KHz Am = volt SSP ∆f measured  or
WBFM?

3 3 0.3

3 3 0.5

3 3 1.42

3 3 2

3 3 3.5

3 3 5

3 3 7

Comment on the results

Name and number of group: Data: -

You might also like