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Depth of Water

The document discusses methods for calculating the depth of irrigation water needed for a crop area. It provides formulas to estimate depth based on moisture content, root zone depth, and bulk density. A second formula is given to calculate the amount of water applied over an area based on stream size, time of irrigation, area irrigated, depth of water coverage, and constants. Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas and concepts to calculate net irrigation depth, current moisture content, and design discharge for a canal.

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ditano.mm68
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80 views3 pages

Depth of Water

The document discusses methods for calculating the depth of irrigation water needed for a crop area. It provides formulas to estimate depth based on moisture content, root zone depth, and bulk density. A second formula is given to calculate the amount of water applied over an area based on stream size, time of irrigation, area irrigated, depth of water coverage, and constants. Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas and concepts to calculate net irrigation depth, current moisture content, and design discharge for a canal.

Uploaded by

ditano.mm68
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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X.

DEPTH OF IRRIGATION WATER

The amount of water applied for the irrigated crop area is expressed in terms of depth of
water applied. The depth of irrigation water to be applied may be estimated using the
formula:

dn = MCv x D = MCdb x As x D
100 100

dn = [ AMD (FC PWP) ] x D

Where; dn depth of irrigation water


D depth of root zone
MCv moisture content volume basis
MCdb moisture content dry weight basis
As apparent specific gravity
AMD available moisture depletion
FC field capacity
PWP permanent wilting point

10.1 Water Applied

Aside from determining the depth of irrigation water using the aforementioned formula, the
amount of water applied for a given field or area can be also determined using the following
formula:

q x t = A x dg x C

Where; q size of the stream


t time required to irrigate the area, hr
A area irrigated, ha
dg depth that the volume water, cm used would cover the land irrigated if quickly
spread uniformly over its surface, cm
c constant depending upon units of discharge q
c = 100 when q is in cubic meters per hour
= 27.8 when q in liters per second

43
Sample Problem 1:

The Moisture Content at Field Capacity of a Clay Loam Soil is 28% by Weight While that at
Permanent Wilting Point is 14% by Weight. Root Zone Depth is 1 m and the Bulk Density is
1.2 g/cm3. Calculate the Net and Gross Depth of Irrigation Required if the Irrigation
Efficiency is 0.7.

Given :

Field Capacity = 28%;


Permanent wilting point = 14%
Available moisture = 28 - 14 = 14% by weight
3
b) = 1.2 g/cm
Root Zone depth (D) = 1 m = 1000 mm

Solution:

Equivalent depth of available water (dn) = MCv x D = MCdb x As x D


100 100

= 0.14 x 1.20 x 1000 mm = 168 mm


(this is the net depth of irrigation.)

Sample Problem 2:

What is the present moisture content of a soil with 25% of its AM has been used if its FC is
24% and PWP is 16% by weight?

Solution:
Mc =FC - % AM used x (FC PWP)
= 0.24 - 0.25 (0.24 - 0.16)
= 0.24 0.02
= 0.22 = 22% by weight

Sample Problem 3:

Evapotranspiration in an 8 ha farm is 7 mm/ day and percolation losses is 2 mm/day. What is


the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 5 day requirement of the farm 24 hrs if
irrigation efficiency is 75%.

44
Given:
Area (A) = 8 ha
Evapotranspiration (Et) = 7 mm/day
Percolation (P) = 2 mm/day
Irrigation Efficiency (Ei) = 75%
Time (T) = 24 hrs
Irrigation interval = 5 days

Solution:

q x t = A x dg x C ; dg = dn/ Ei ; II = dn/Et
= ( II x Et )/Ei
= ( 5 days x 9 mm/day) / 0.75
= 60 mm = 6 mm
q = A x dg x C = (8 x 6 x 100) / 24 = 200 m3/ hr
t

45

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