A/712 APPENDIX

Temperature
oC oF
Viscosity (cp)
200 --
- 390 100
190 ~" 380 90
- 370 80
180 --
" 360 70
- 350 60
170 -- - 340
- 330 50
160 --- 320 40
m
" 310
150 --
-" 300
- 290 30
140 - - 280
- 270
130 -- 20
- 260
9- 250
120 --
" 240
110 "- - 230
- 220 30 10
100--" - 210 9
-- 200 28 8
90-- 7
9" 190
26 6
180
5
170 24
160 4
70
150 22
60-- " 140
20
- 130
120
18
110 Imi
40 -- Y16
-- 100
m

- 90
30-- 14 1
" 80 0.9
- 70 12 0.8
20-
0.7
- 60 10
im 0.6
10-- - 50 0.5
a

- 40 0.4
0"-- 6
- 30
0.3
- 20
4
-10 -
- 10
., 0.2
.- 0
-20 -
o
- -10 o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
" -20 X
-30 - 0.1

Figure A. 1 Viscosities of liquids at atmospheric pressure (Source: Ref. [11]).

 APPENDIX A/713

Table A. 18 Coordinates to be Used with Figure A. 1

Liquid X Y Liquid X Y
Acetaldehyde 15.2 4.8 Ethyl alcohol, 95% 9.8 14.3
Acetic acid, 100% 12.1 14.2 Ethyl alcohol, 40% 6.5 16.6
Acetic acid, 70% 9.5 17.0 Ethyl benzene 13.2 11.5
Acetic anhydride 12.7 12.8 Ethyl bromide 14.5 8.1
Acetone, 100% 14.5 7.2 2-Ethyl butyl acrylate 11.2 14.0
Acetone, 35% 7.9 15.0 Ethyl chloride 14.8 6.0
Acetonitrile 14.4 7.4 Ethyl ether 14.5 5.3
Acrylic acid 12.3 13.9 Ethyl formate 14.2 8.4
Ally1 alcohol 10.2 14.3 2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate 9.0 15.0
Ally1 bromide 14.4 9.6 Ethyl iodide 14.7 10.3
Allyl iodide 14.0 11.7 Ethyl propionate 13.2 9.9
Ammonia, 100% 12.6 2.0 Ethyl propyl ether 14.0 7.0
Ammonia, 26% 10.1 13.9 Ethyl sulfide 13.8 8.9
Amy1 acetate 11.8 12.5 Ethylene bromide 11.9 15.7
Amy1 alcohol 7.5 18.4 Ethylene chloride 12.7 12.2
Aniline 8.1 18.7 Ethylene glycol 6.0 23.6
Anisole 12.3 13.5 Ethylidene chloride 14.1 8.7
Arsenic trichloride 13.9 14.5 Fluorobenzene 13.7 10.4
Benzene 12.5 10.9 Formic acid 10.7 15.8
Brine, CaCL2, 25% 6.6 15.9 Freon-ll 14.4 9.0
Brine, NaC1, 25% 10.2 16.6 Freon-12 16.8 15.6
Bromine 14.2 13.2 Freon-21 15.7 7.5
Bromotolu ene 20.0 15.9 Freon-22 17.2 4.7
Butyl acetate 12.3 11.0 Freon-ll3 12.5 11.4
Butyl acrylate 11.5 12.6 Glycerol, 100% 2.0 30.0
Butyl alcohol 8.6 17.2 Glycerol, 50% 6.9 19.6
Butyric acid 12.1 15.3 Heptane 14.1 8.4
Carbon dioxide 11.6 0.3 Hexane 14.7 7.0
Carbon disulfide 16.1 7.5 Hydrochloric acid, 31.5% 13.0 16.6
Carbon tetrachloride 12.7 13.1 Iodobenzene 12.8 15.9
Chlorobenzene 12.3 12.4 Isobutyl alcohol 7.1 18.0
Chloroform 14.4 10.2 Isobutyric acid 12.2 14.4
Chlorosulfonic acid 11.2 18.1 Isopropyl alcohol 8.2 16.0
Chlorotoluene, ortho 13.0 13.3 IsopropyI bromide 14.1 9.2
Chlorotoluene, meta 13.3 12.5 Isopropyl chloride 13.9 7.1
Chlorotoluene, para 13.3 12.5 Isopropyl iodide 13.7 11.2
Cresol, meta 2.5 20.8 Kerosene 10.2 16.9
Cyclohexanol 2.9 24.3 Linseed oil, raw 7.5 27.2
Cyclohexane 9.8 12.9 Mercury 18.4 16.4
Dibromomethane 12.7 15.8 Methanol, 100% 12.4 10.5
Dichloroethane 13.2 12.2 Methanol, 90% 12.3 11.8
Dichloromethane 14.6 8.9 Methanol, 40% 7.8 15.5
Diethyl ketone 13.5 9.2 Methyl acetate 14.2 8.2
Diethyl oxalate 11.0 16.4 Methyl acrylate 13.0 9.5
Diethylene glycol 5.0 24.7 Methyl i-butyrate 12.3 9.7
Diphenyl 12.0 18.3 Methyl n-butyrate 13.2 10.3
Dipropyl ether 13.2 8.6 Methyl chloride 15.0 3.8
Dipropyl oxalate 10.3 17.7 Methyl ethyl ketone 13.9 8.6
Ethyl acetate 13.7 9.1 Methyl formate 14.2 7.5
Ethyl acrylate 12.7 10.4 Methyl iodide 14.3 9.3
Ethyl alcohol, 100% 10.5 13.8 Methyl propionate 13.5 9.0
(Continued)
A/714 APPENDIX

TableA.18 (Continued)
Liquid X Y Liquid X Y

Methyl propyl ketone 14.3 9.5 Sodium hydroxide, 50% 3.2 25.8
Methyl sulfide 15.3 6.4 Stannic chloride 13.5 12.8
Napthalene 7.9 18.1 Succinonitrile 10.1 20.8
Nitric acid, 95% 12.8 13.8 Sulfur dioxide 15.2 7.1
Nitric acid, 60% 10.8 17.0 Sulfuric acid, 110% 7.2 27.4
Nitrobenzene 10.6 16.2 Sulfuric acid, 100% 8.0 25.1
Nitrogen dioxide 12.9 8.6 Sulfuric acid, 98% 7.0 24.8
Nitrotoluene 11.0 17.0 Sulfuric acid, 60% 10.2 21.3
Octane 13.7 10.0 Sulfuryl chloride 15.2 12.4
Octyl alcohol 6.6 21.1 Tetrachloroethane 11.9 15.7
Pentachloroethane 10.9 17.3 Thiophene 13.2 11.0
Pentane 14.9 5.2 Titanium tetrachloride 14.4 12.3
Phenol 6.9 20.8 Toluene 13.7 10.4
Phosphorus tribromide 13.8 16.7 Trichloroethylene 14.8 10.5
Phosphorus trichloride 16.2 10.9 Triethylene glycol 4.7 24.8
Propionic acid 12.8 13.8 Turpentine 11.5 14.9
Propyl acetate 13.1 10.3 Vinyl acetate 14.0 8.8
Propyl alcohol 9.1 16.5 Vinyl toluene 13.4 12.0
Propyl bromide 14.5 9.6 Water 10.2 13.0
Propyl chloride 14.4 7.5 Xylene, ortho 13.5 12.1
Prowl formate 13.1 9.7 Xylene, meta 13.9 10.6
Prowl iodide 14.1 11.6 Xylene, para 13.9 10.9
Sodium 16.4 13.9
Source: Ref. [11].
 APPENDIX A/715

Temperature
oC oF Viscosity (cp)
-100 - - -'-- 0,1

"-- 0.09
i
--" -100 0.08
i

--- 0.07

.,,., =- 0.06
"--- 0

0--- 0.05

30 m

-'-- 100
28 0.04

26

100 - - 200
---
24
-- 0.03

22
- - - - 300 .

--2_ 20
r
2 0 0 - - -- -. . - - 400 m

0.02

5OO

300 - -
14
- - 600

- - 700

400 -
- - 800

- 900
500
- - - 0.01
- - 1000
- " 0.009
600 - -
- - 1100

1200 - - 0.008
700 - -
- - - 1300
.,,--.
- - 0.007
---- 1400
0
800 - -
- - - 1500 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
--- 0.006
---- 1600
900 ---

m
-- 1700
100o -...- " " 18oo " 0.005

No. Gas X Y No. Gas X Y No. Gas X i Y Gas I y

NO. X

'i
3
Acetic acid
Acetone
Acetylene
7.7 14.3
8.9 13.0
9.8 14.9
15
16
17
Chloroform
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
8.9
9.2
9.2
5.7
5.2
2.0
29
30
31
Freon-113
Helium
Hexane
11.3 114.0 43
10.9 120.5 44
8.6 1.8 45
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Nitrosyl chloride
10.9
10.6
20.5
20.0
8.0 17.6
4 Air 11.0 20.0 18 Ethane 9.1 4.5 32 Hydrogen 11.2 2.4 46 Nitrous oxide 8.8 19.0
5 Ammonia 8.4 16.0 19 Ethyl acetate 8.5 3.2 33 3H. + IN2 11.2 7.2 47 Oxygen 11.0 21.3
6 Argon 10.5 22.4 20 Ethyl alcohol 9.2 4.2 34 Hy(~rogen bromide 8.8 0.9 48 Pentane 7.0 12.8
7 Benzene 8.5 13.2 21 Ethyl chloride 8.5 5.6 35 Hydrogen chloride 8.8 8.7 49 Propane 9.7 12.9
8 Bromine 8.9 19.2 22 Ethyl ether 8.9 3.0 36 Hydrogen cyanide 9.8 4.9 5O Propyl alcohol 8.4 113.4
9 Butene 9.2 13.7 23 Ethylene 9.5 5.1 37 Hydrogen iodide 9.0 1.3 51 Propylene 9.0 !13.8
10 Butylene 8.9 13.0 24 Fluorine 7.3 3.8 38 Hydrogen sulfide 8.6 8.0 52 Sulfur dioxide 9.6 17.0
11 Carbon dioxide 9.5 18.7 25 Freon-11 10.6 5.1 39 Iodine 9.0 8.4 53 Toluene 8.6 112.4
12 Carbon disulfide 8.0 16.0 26 Freon-12 11.1 6.0 40 Mercury 5.3 2.9 54 2,3,3-Trimethylbutane 9.5 10.5
13 Carbon monoxide 11.0 20.0 27 Freon-21 10.8 5.3 41 Methane 9.9 5.6 55 Water 8.0 16.0
14 Chlorine 9.0 118.4 28 Freon-22 10.1 7.0 42 Methyl alcohol 8.5 5.6 56 Xenon 9.3 23.0

Figure A.2 Viscosities of gases at atmospheric pressure (Source: Ref. [11]).

A/716 APPENDIX

Specific heat = Btu/Ibm-~ = cal/g. ~

NO. '" uqUID .RAN6E Spec .fic
29 ACETICACID I00~o 0-80
32 ACETONE 20-50 he,it
52 AHHONIA - "/0- 50
~67 AHYL ALCOHOL - 50-i~ J

oF AMYL ACETATE , 0 ,n

30 ANILINE 0 - 130j
23 BENZENE 10- 80 ~'0.2
4 0 0 --- ,=, 27 BENZYL ALCOHOL - 20 - 30 I1-
2A 2 ( ; "
B R I N E , ~ % Ca Q 2
B R I N E , 2 5 % N= Ct
4~'3 BUTYL ALCOHOL i0~ IO0 4 0 O4A -
CARBON D I S U L P H I D E - , 25
CARBONTETRACHLORIDE 60 ----0.3
m.,,
~ CHLOROBENZENE O-tO0
,=.
CHLOROFORM 0- 50 50
'21- DECANE - 8 0 - 25 6O
300 -6ADICHLOROETHANE - 3 0 - 60 o6A
,,!

5 DICHLOROHETHANE. - 40 - 50 7 7A
J .

=_.. 15 DIPHENYL 80-120 0 o 90 oi0

22 DIPHENYLHETHANE 3 0 - I00 08
.m

=, 16 DIPHENYL OXIDE 0-200 ----0.4

. m

DOWTHERH A 0-200 Iio 1 2 oI3A

ETHYL ACETATE - 50 - 25
42 ETHYLALCOHOL 100%1 3 0 - 80
46 ETHYLALCOHOL 95elo 20 - 80
50 ETHYL ALCOHOL 50%~ 2 0 - 80 .m

200 25 ETHYL BENZENE 0 - tOO

I ETHYLBROHIDE 5- 25 250 23 ---0.5
13 ETHYL CHLORIDE - 50 40 30 O26
3~7 ETHYLETHER -I00 - 25
ETHYL IODIDE 0 - I00 2900031o34
ram=.
39 ETHYLENEGLYCOL 1-40-200
.=
.=
280 320~35
,,=
33O
370 ( ~ 3 9 56 ---0.6
,=
4 41B
48 O m

100 " 40
4 6 o ~ 3 4 4 45 0 ,,m

047 m,

NO. '
LIQUID -,%AN6EOEGC, 049
2A iFREON-II(CCI~I~_ --20- 70 --0.7
:FREON-12(CClzF2] -40- 15 ,m

4A 'FREON-21(CHCl;I:'). -20- 70 .,D

7A FREON'22(CHCtF=) _ -s 60
3A t'REON'II3(CCItF-CCIF2) -20- 70
0-- 38 GLYCEROL - 4 0 - 2O
~. :HEPTANE 0-60 .m

,HEXANE - 8 0 - 20 (050 510 -- 0.8

48 HYDROCHLORICACID,30% 2o - IOO
41 LSOAHYLALCOHOL IO - IOO
4.3 ISOBUTYLALCOHOL o - IOO
47 ISOPROPYLALCOHOL ~-2o- 50
ISOPROPYLETHER
9' '-80- 20
METHYLALCOHOL
q. -,o- Ig
:BA METHYL CHLORIDE
14 NAPHTHALENE ---0.9
-100 " 12 NITROBENZENE
34 NONANE
=,
-50- 25
33 OCTANEm
'-So- 25
PERCHLORETHYLENE
9, -3o - 140
PROPYLALCOHOL -20- too
,0 PYRIDINE -50 25 1
,T
SULPHURIC ACID 98%
SULPHURDIOXIDE
I0 45
-20 - I00 1
O 53O Z.0
23 TOLUENE 0-60
WATER ,Oo
- ioo
XYLENE PAPA _ ioo

Figure A.3 Specific heats of fiquids (Source: Ref. [12]).