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    Transformers and Gyrators

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    vern
    The document discusses transformer elements that modify efforts and flows without storing or dissipating power. It defines transformers and gyrators as generalized transducer elements that convert energy between domains while conserving power. Transformers relate effort to effort and flow to flow with proportional relationships, while gyrators relate effort to flow and flow to effort. Common examples of transformers and gyrators discussed include levers, gears, electrical transformers, and hydraulic pumps.

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    Transformers and Gyrators

    Uploaded by

    vern
    18 views4 pages
    The document discusses transformer elements that modify efforts and flows without storing or dissipating power. It defines transformers and gyrators as generalized transducer elements that convert energy between domains while conserving power. Transformers relate effort to effort and flow to flow with proportional relationships, while gyrators relate effort to flow and flow to effort. Common examples of transformers and gyrators discussed include levers, gears, electrical transformers, and hydraulic pumps.

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    The document discusses transformer elements that modify efforts and flows without storing or dissipating power. It defines transformers and gyrators as generalized transducer elements that convert energy between domains while conserving power. Transformers relate effort to effort and flow to flow with proportional relationships, while gyrators relate effort to flow and flow to effort. Common examples of transformers and gyrators discussed include levers, gears, electrical transformers, and hydraulic pumps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views4 pages

    Transformers and Gyrators

    Uploaded by

    vern
    The document discusses transformer elements that modify efforts and flows without storing or dissipating power. It defines transformers and gyrators as generalized transducer elements that convert energy between domains while conserving power. Transformers relate effort to effort and flow to flow with proportional relationships, while gyrators relate effort to flow and flow to effort. Common examples of transformers and gyrators discussed include levers, gears, electrical transformers, and hydraulic pumps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ENGI9496 Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems

    Transformer Elements

    From Close, Frederick and Newell and Karnopp et al.

    Transformer and Gyrator Elements


     The generalized inductor and capacitor store energy.
     The generalized dissipator removes energy from the system.
     Generalized sources add prescribed effort or flow to a system.
     Generalized Kirchoff’s loop and nodes laws are associated with energy or power flow within a
    system, but do not store energy (power-conserving).
     There exists another class of elements that are power-conserving – generalized transformers and
    gyrators.

    Multi-Energy-Domain Transducers
    Generalized transducer elements convert energy from one domain to another.

    Obviously, energy and power can be transferred among mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc. elements.
     motors
     fluid pistons
     hydraulic pumps
     rack and pinion
     voice coil

    These elements, in their ideal form, have two equations: one relating efforts and the other relating flows,
    with each equation sharing a modulus; or two equations relating efforts and flows with a common
    modulus.

    Single Domain Transducers


    Within a single energy domain, certain elements modify efforts and flows without storing or dissipating
    power:
     lever
     gears
     electrical transformer
     venture (change in cross-sectional area of pipe)

    Transformers
    Relate effort to effort, and flow to flow. General form of equations for linear transformer:

    e2 = n e1
    f1 = n f2

    Power in = e1f1 = (e2/n)(nf2) = e2f2 = power out.

    Gyrators
    Relate effort to flow, and flow to effort. General form of equations for linear gyrator:

    1
    ENGI9496 Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems
    Transformer Elements

    e2 = n f1
    e1 = n f2

    Power in = e1f1 = (nf2)(e2/n)= e2f2 = power out.

    Common Transformers and Gyrators


    Lever:

    Transformer:

    Gears:

    2
    ENGI9496 Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems
    Transformer Elements

    Rack and Pinion:

    Fluid Piston:

    Voice Coil:

    Hydraulic Pump or Motor

    3
    ENGI9496 Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems
    Transformer Elements

    DC Motor or Generator:

    Massless Link (can be modeled as power-conserving transformer)

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