10th STD Maths Surface Area and Volume Notes
10th STD Maths Surface Area and Volume Notes
SEMICIRCLE
CIRCLE QUADRENT SPHERE HEMISPHERE
TRIANGLE SQUARE
CUBE CUBOID
RECTANGLE PARALELLOGRAM
PYRAMID PRISM
Circumference of a circle
1.Cylinder :-
Curved surface area
Height of the cylinder
= 2πrh
2. CONE :-
Lateral height ( l )
Height ( h ) Curved surface area
Circumference of a circle A circular base
Radius of the circle
A cone is circular base and its axis passes through the center of the base and
is perpendicular to the base.
If a right angled triangle is revolved about one of the side containing the
right angle, the solid formed is called a cone.
Lateral height
Circumference of a circle
1. Curved surface area of cone = (C S A )Co = Area of the sector
= x πr2 = x πl2
°
= [ πr2 x h ]
1. C S A of sphere = T S A of sphere
SPHERE ( C S A )Sp = ( T S A )Sp = 4πr2 Square units
The sphere gets divided into two equal parts. That each part
HEMISPHERE of sphere is called as hemisphere.
= x 4πr2
2. T S A of hemisphere = ( T S A )Hs
= [ ( C S A )Hs + Area of circular base ]
= [2πr2 + πr2]
= 3πr2 Square units
= x ( VSp )
= x πr3
4. FRUSTUM OF A CONE : -
l= ℎ + ( ₁ − ₂)
CUBE
CUBOID
- : Formula chart : -
1.CYLINDER
2. CONE
πrl πr ( l + r ) πr2h
3. SPHERE
4. HEMISPHERE
5. FRUSTUM OF A CONE
πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)
l= + ( ₁ − ₂)
6. CUBE
4 [ a2 ] 6 [ a2 ] a3
7. CUBOID
2h [ l + b ] 2 [ lb + bh + hl ] lbh
A = 2πr2
5cm d =3.5cm
A = πrl h=3 .25
.
5 – 1.75 =3.25 [r= = = 1.75] l = 3.7cm
r = 2.1 .
5 cm r=
a =5 cm
4.2 cm
5cm 2
A = 6a .
5cm [r= = ]
TSA of the block = TSA of cube + CSA of hemisphere – circular base of hemisphere
= 6a2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6a2 + πr2
. .
=(6x5x5)+[ x x ]
πr2
A=2πr
h=20 r = 1.5 r = 1.5
(h+r) h = 20
4. Mayank made a bird - bath for his garden in the shape of a cylinder with
hemispherical depression at one end. height of the cylinder is 1.45m and its radius is
30 cm. Find the total surface area of the bird - bath.( π = )
h = Height of the cylinder is 1.45 m = 1.45 x 100 = 145 cm
rr == 30cm
30cm r = 30cm
A= 2πr2
A =2πrh r = 30cm
h = 145cm
r = 30cm
Total surface area of the bird - bath = CSA of cylinder + CSA of hemisphere
= 2πrh + 2πr2
= 2πr ( h + r )
=2x x 30 ( 145 + 30 )
= 1320 [ ]
= 1320 [ 25 ]
= 33000 cm3 = 3.3 m3
Exercise15.1
1. Two cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the
resulting cuboid. ( π = )
4
4 A = 2 [ lb + bh + hl ]
4 4 4
4 4+4=8
h=6cm r = 7 cm
13 A = 2πrh 6 A = 2πr2
A =2πrh
r = 7 cm
d =14cm 7
radius. The total height of the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the T S A of the toy. ( π = )
12
h = 15.5 l = 12.5cm
A = πrl h = 12
r = 3.5 cm
rrrr
A = 2πr2 3.5 r = 3.5 cm
= 12.5 cm = 11 [19.5 ]
= 214.5
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r =3.5
r = 3.5 cm
a=πr2
A = 6a2 a = 7cm
TSA of the solid = TSA of cube + CSA of hemisphere – circular base of hemisphere
= 6a2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6a2 + πr2
=(6x7x7)+[ x 3.5 x 3.5 ]
= 294 + 11 x 3.5
= 294 + 38.5
= 332.5 cm2
5. A hemispherical depression is cut out from one face of a cubical wooden block such
that the diameter l of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube. Determine the
surface area of the remaining solid.
A=2πr2
$
A = πr2
r = cm $
r = cm
a = lcm
A = 6a2
6. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each
of its ends as shown in figure. The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and the
diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area. ( π = )
l = 14 mm h = 9mm
d= 5mm A =4πr2
r=2.5 r=2.5
A=2πrh
b = 5mm
r = 2.5mm
2.5mm 9mm 2.5mm
r = 2.5 mm
Total Surface Area of capsule = C S A of cylinder + C S A of circle
= 2πrh + 4πr2
= 2πr [ h + 2r ]
=2x x 2.5 [ 9 + 2 ( 2.5 )]
!
= [ 14 ]
= 220 mm2
7. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and the
diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1m and 4m respectively, and the slant height of
the top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the
cost of the canvas of the tent at the rate of 500 rupees per m2.( Note that the base of
l = 2.8 m
A = πrl
l = 2.8m
h= 2.1m
A = πrl
A=2πrh
2.1m A=2πrh
r = 2m r = 2m
d = 4m, r = 2m
Total area of the tent = C S A of cone + C S A of cylinder
The cost of the canvas of the tent = = πrl + 2πrh
(area of the tent) x (rate of 500 Rs per m2) = πr [ l + 2h ]
= 44 x 500 = x 2 [ 2.8 + 2 (2.1) ]
=22000Rs = [7]
= 44 m2
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8. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of
the same height and the same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of
A= πrl
A = πr2
A=2πr(r+h) .
r=
h = 2.4
h = 2.4cm
l =2.5cm
A =4πr2
= 2πr [ h + 2r ]
= 22 [ 17 ]
= 374 cm2
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V= [πr2h]]
l = 15 cm l = 7cm
b = 7cm
h=8cm h=8cm V = lbh
b=15cm
Total volume of air that the shed can hold = volume of cuboid + [volume of cylinder]
Breath of the cuboid = Diameter of the = lbh + [ πr2h ]
half cylinder
Length of the cuboid = Height of the = [ 15 x 7 x 8 ] + [ ( x ) x 15 ]
half cylinder !
= 840 + [ 11 x ]
Space occupied by machinery = 300m3
= 840 + [ 11 x 26.25 ]
Space occupied by workers = 20x0.08 m3
= 840 + 288.75
= 1.6 m3
= 1128.75 m3
The volume of air, when there are machinery and workers
= Total volume of air that the shed can hold – Space occupied by[machinery + workers]
= 1128.75 – [ 300 +1.6 ] = 827.15 m3
Example – 6 : A juice seller was serving his customers using glasses as shown in figure.
The inner diameter of the cylindrical glass was 5 cm, but the bottom of the glass had a
hemispherical raised portion which reduced the capacity of the glass. If the height of a
glass was 10 cm, find the apparent capacity of the glass and its actual capacity.(π =3.14)
d = 5 cm r = 2.5 cm
V = πr3
h=10cm
V = πr2h
r = 2.5 cm
2
A = πr
r = 2 cm r = 2 cm
V= ( ³
h = 1cm
V= ( ² V= ( ² V= ( ³
V= ( ³
r = 1cm
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2. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder
with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium sheet. The
diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is 12 cm. If each cone has a height 2 cm,
find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel made. ( Assume the outer
and inner dimensions of the model to be nearly the same.) ( π = )
h=2cm
d = 3 cm
r= 1.5 cm V= ( ² V= ( ²
d = 3 cm
h = 8 cm
r=1.5cm
l =12cm
h = 8cm V=( ²
V=( ² ( ²
Volume of the model=Volume of the cylinder+2[Volume of the cone]
( ² = ( ² cy + 2 [ ( ²hco ]
= ( ²[ hcy + hco ]
= x ( )2 [ 8 + ( )]
= x( )x( )[ + ]
*
= x( )x( )[ ]
= 66 cm3
3. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find
approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped
like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5cm and diameter 2.8 cm.
V= ( ³
l = 5 cm
h =2.2 cm
d=2.8cm
d=2.8cm
r =1.4cm V= ( ³ V= ( ³
r =1.4cm
V=( ²
V=( ²
V= ( ³
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4. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical
depressions to hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm.
The radius of each of the depressions is 0.5 cm and the depth is 1.4 cm. Find the
volume of wood in the entire stand (see in figure ). ( π = )
The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm,10 cm & 3.5cm
V = πr3
h=8cm
= [ ( ² ]x[ ]
%6³
: ? 6²
=
" ? 6³
*? ?
=
" ? !. ? !. ? !.
= 100
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6. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24 cm,
which is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the
mass of the pole, given that 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 gram mass.(π =3.14)
d = 24 cm, r = 12cm
C1 r = 12cm
C1 C2
h=220cm 2
V = πr h
V = πr12h1
2
V=πr2 h2
h = 60cm
h=220cm r = 8cm
h = 60cm 2
V = πr h
C2
r = 8cm
Volume of the pole = Volume of the cylinder C1 + Volume of the cylinder C2
= πr12h1 + πr22h2
= π [ r12h1 + r22h2 ]
= 3.14 [ ( 12 )2 ( 220 ) + ( 8 )2 ( 60 ) ]
= 3.14 [ 31680 + 3840 ]
= 3.14 [ 35520 ]
= 111532.8 cm3
[ 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 gram mass ]
∴ mass of the pole = 111532.8 x 8 = 892262.4g = 892.2624 kg
7. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm
standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular
cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water left
in the cylinder, if the radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180 cm.
r = 60 cm h=180cm, r = 60 cm h=120cm, r = 60 cm
r = 60 cm
V= ( ²
h= V= ( ²hco
180cm V = πr2hcy V= ( ³
V= ( ³
The volume of water left = Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone -Volume of hemisphere
= πr2hcy - ( ²hco - ( ³
= πr2 [ hcy - hco - ]
= x (60)2 [ 180 - (120) - (60) ]
= x (60) x (60) [ 100 ]
= 1131428.57 cm3 = 1.131 m3
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V = πr3
d = 8.5cm V = πr2h
V = πr3 h = 8cm
h = 24 cm V= ( ² V = πr3
r=6cm
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Example 9: Selvi's house has an overhead tank in the shape of a cylinder. This is filled
by pumping water from a sump (an underground tank) which is in the shape of cuboid.
The sump has dimension 1.57 m x 1.44 m x 95 cm. The overhead tank has its radius 60
cm and height 95 cm. Find the height of the water left in the sump after the overhead
tank has been completely filled with water from the some had been full. Compare the
capacity of the tank with that of the sump. (Use π = 3.14)
The volume of water left in the sump when full =
= 0.475 m
l = 1.57cm, b=1.44cm,h=0.95cm = 47.5 cm
The volume of ( sump ) cuboid = [ l x b x h ]
= [ 1.57 x 1.44 x 0.95 ]
= 2.14776
The volume of ( tank ) cylinder = [ πr2h ]
= [3.14 x 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.95]
= 1.07388
P:5 =.7/-5 .2 140Q .! **
P:5 =.7/-5 .2 8/-R
= . "
=
The capacity of the tank is half of the sump.
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per second. How much time will it take to empty half the tank, if it is 3 m
in diameter ? ( Take π = )
= [ X X ( )3 ]
= X X X V= ( ³
''
= m3
*
''
So, the volume of the water to be emptied = x 1000
*
''!!!
= litres
*
= 990 seconds
''!
=
"!
= 16.5 minutes
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22 x 14 x hcu = x x x 20 V = πr2hcy
N N !
hcu =
N
hcu = = 2.5 m l = 22 m, b = 14 m, h = ?
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4. A well of diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread
evenly all around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an
embankment. Find the height of the embankment.
Volume of the well = Volume of the embankment C1
2 2
π rwe h = π ( r1 - r2 )h2 5.5
( 1.5 ) ( 1.5 ) (14) = [ ( 5.5 )2 - ( 1.5 )2 ] h 3m 4 C2
. N . N
h=
!. S .
.
h= 11 m
*
h = 1.04 m
5. A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm and height
15 cm is full of ice cream. The ice cream is to be filled in into cones of height 12cm and
diameter 6cm , having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such
cones which can be filled with ice - cream.
d=6cm, r=3cm
d = 12 cm V = πr3 r=3cm
r = 6 cm hco=12cm
No.
V= ( ² co
V = πr3
h = 15 cm
V = πr2hcy
n = 400
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7. A cylindrical bucket, 32 cm high and with radius of base 18 cm is filled with sand.
This bucket is emptied on the ground and a conical heap of sand is formed. If the
height of the conical heap is 24 cm. Find the radius and slant height of the heap.
Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the cone
h = 32cm
πr2h = πr2h
r = 18 cm
( 18 )2 x 32 = x r2 x 24 h = 32cm
2
( * )² ? V= πr h
r2 =
*
r = ( 18 )2 x ( 2 )2
2
r = 36 cm
Volume of water flows = Area of rectangular canal x Length of water flows in 1 hour
in 1 hour = l x b x 10 x 1000
= 1.5 x 6 x 10000
= 90,000m
9.7/-5 .2 34156 27.38 <0 :./6 '!!!!
Volume of water flows in 30 minutes = = = 45000m
9.7/-5 .2 34156 27.38 <0 ! -<0/158
Hence, the area required for covering 8cm ( 0.08 m ) =
!.!*
!!!
=
!.!*
!!!!!
=
*
= 562500
= 56.2500 hectare
[ ∵ 1 hectare = 10000 m3]
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d = 10 m
water flows through the pipe
r=5m
l = 3 km/h
h = 2m
d = 20 cm, r = 10 cm = m
2 !
V= πr h
UV WXY VZ [\ ]^ ][_ `_^a
Required time to fill the tank =
b Y_ VZ c]cY ( [_^_ )d eY^f`g VZ h_`Y Z Vhi
%6²:
=
%6² ? 7
jdjd
=
d d
! !
j
=
j
= 1.67 hours.
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Frustum of a cone
Example 12 : The radii of the ends of a frustum of a cone 45 cm high are 28 cm and
7 cm as shown in figure. Find its volume, the curved surface area and the
total surface area. (Take π = )
l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
l= ( * − ) +( ) h = 45 cm
l= ( ) +( ) r1 = 28 cm
l= ( N ) +( N ) r2 = 7 cm
= √ '+
= √
= 3 x 16.5
= 49.5 cm
i ) Volume of a frustum of a cone = ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂ )
= x x 45 [( * ) + ( ) + ( * )( )]
N
= [ 784 + 49 + 196 ]
!
= [ 1029 ]
= 330 x 147
= 48510 cm3
ii ) Curved surface area of a frustum of a cone = π( ₁ + ₂)l
= ( 28 + 7 ) 49.5
= ( 35 ) 49.5
= 110 x 49.5
= 5445.0 cm2 -------------( 1 )
iii ) Total surface area of a frustum of a cone = π( ₁ + ₂)l+ πr12 + πr22
= 5445 + π ( r12 + r22 ) [ ∵ (1) ]
= 5445 + [( * ) + ( ) ]
= 5445 + [ 784 + 49 ]
= 5445 + [ 833 ]
Example 13 : Hanumappa and his wife Gangamma are busy making jaggery out of
sugarcane juice. they have processed the sugarcane juice to make the molasses, which is
poured into moulds in the shape of frustum of a cone having the diameters of its
circular faces as 30 cm and 35 cm and the vertical height of the mould is 14cm as shown
in figure. If each cm3 of molasses has mass about 1.2 gram, find the mass of the
molasses that can be allowed into each mould. ( Take π = )
= x x14 [( ) +( . ) +( )( . )]
h= 14cm = 44 x 264.583
= 11641.652 cm3
= 11641.7 cm3
Molasses has mass about 1.2 gram,
The mass of the molasses = [ Volume of a molasses X mass of molasses ]
= 11641.7 x 1.2
= 13970.04 g = 13.97 kg = 14kg.
Example 14 : An open metal bucket is in the shape of frustum of a cone, mounted on a
hollow cylindrical base made of same metallic sheet as shown in figure. The diameters
of the two circular ends of the buckets are 45 cm and 25 cm, the total vertical height of
the bucket is 40 cm and that of cylindrical base is 6 cm find the area of the metal sheet
used to make the bucket, where we do not take into account the handle of the bucket.
Also, find the volume of the water the bucket can hold. (Take π = ).
Area of the metal sheet = C S A of a frustum of a cone
+ Area of circular base + C S A of a cylinder
= π ( ₁ + ₂) l + πr2 + 2πrh
r1= 22.5 cm,
= [ (22.5 + 12.5) 35.44 + (12.5)(12.5) +2(12.5)(6)]
r2 = 12.5 cm
= [ 1240.4 + 156.25 + 150 ] 40cm
h = 34cm
= [ 1546.65 ]
= 4860.9 cm2 h = 6cm
Volume of the water the bucket can hold
= Volume of a frustum of a cone l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
= πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂) l= ( . − . ) +( )
= x x 34 [( . ) +( . ) +( . )( . )] l= ( !) +( )
* = √ !! + "
= [ 506.25 + 156.25 + 281.5 ]
*
= 35.44 cm
= [ 943.75 ]
= 33615.48 cm3 = 33.62 liters
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of its two circular ends are 4 cm and 2 cm. Find the capacity of the glass.
Volume of a frustum of a ( glass ) cone
= 102 cm3
2. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm and the perimeter of its circular ends
are 18 cm and 6 cm. Find the curved surface area of the frustum.
"
Perimeter of circle 1 = 18cm, 2πr1 = 18 → r1 = x9=
= 12 x 4
= 48 cm2
3. A fez , the cap used by the Turks, is shaped like the frustum of a cone as shown in
figure. If its radius on the open side is 10 cm, radius at upper base is 4 cm and its
slant height is 15 cm, find the area of material used for making it.
Area of material used for making the cap used by the Turks h=15cm r1 = 4cm
= C S A of a frustum of a cone + Area of circular base
= π ( ₁ + ₂) l + πr2
= [ 226 ]
= 710 cm2
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4. A container, opened from the top and made up of metal sheet, is in the form of a
frustum of a cone of height 16cm with radii of its lower and upper ends as 8 cm and
20 cm, respectively. Find the cost of the milk which can completely fill the container,
at the rate of ₹ 20 per litre. Also find the cost of metal sheet used to make the
container, if it costs ₹ 8 per 100 cm2. ( Take = 3.14 )
Volume of a frustum of a ( container ) cone
= ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 202 +82 + ( 20 )( 8 ) ]
r1= 20cm
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 400 + 64 + 160 ]
h = 16cm
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 624 ] r2= 8cm
= 3.14 x 16 [ 28 ]
=10449.9 cm2
= 10.45 litres
The cost of the milk which can completely fill the container, at the rate of ₹ 20 per litre
= 20 x Volume of a frustum of a container
= 20 x 10.45
= ₹ 209
Area of metal sheet is used to make the container = T S A of a frustum of a cone
= π ( ₁ + ₂)l + πr12 [ ∵ lKE LJ E JL BMEK ] l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
= π [( ₁ + ₂)l + r12 ] l= ( !−*) +( ")
= 3.14 [ (* + !) 20 + 82 ] l= ( ) + ( ")
= 3.14 [ 624 ] =√ + " = √ !!
= 1959.36 cm2 = 20 cm
The cost of metal sheet used to make the container, if it costs ₹ 8 per 100 cm2 is
*
= x 1959.36
!!
= 8 x 19.5936
= ₹ 15.6075
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5. A metallic right circular cone 20 cm high and whose vertical angle is 600 is cut
into two parts at the middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base. If the frustum
so obtained be drawn into a wire of diameter cm, find the length of the wire.
"
lm ! !
r1 = Cos300 = ⇒√ = ⇒ OB = A600
ln ln √
mp ! !
r2 = Cos300 = ⇒√ = ⇒ OB =
qp qp √
= 796444.44 cm
= 7964.44 m
BHUVANESHWARI. D. K. M.Sc. B. Ed
GJC [ H S ] CHANNAGIRI.
CHANNAGIRI TALUK
DAVANAGERE DIST.
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