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10th STD Maths Surface Area and Volume Notes

The document defines and provides examples of various plane and solid geometric figures. Plane figures include shapes like circles, triangles, and squares, while solid figures exist in three dimensions such as spheres, cubes, and cylinders. Formulas are given for calculating the curved surface area, total surface area, and volume of different solid shapes like cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, frustums of cones, cubes and cuboids.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
369 views30 pages

10th STD Maths Surface Area and Volume Notes

The document defines and provides examples of various plane and solid geometric figures. Plane figures include shapes like circles, triangles, and squares, while solid figures exist in three dimensions such as spheres, cubes, and cylinders. Formulas are given for calculating the curved surface area, total surface area, and volume of different solid shapes like cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, frustums of cones, cubes and cuboids.

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BHUVANESHWARI. D. K.

PLANE FIGURES AND SOLID FIGURES


PLANE FIGURES SOLID FIGURES

SEMICIRCLE
CIRCLE QUADRENT SPHERE HEMISPHERE

TRIANGLE SQUARE
CUBE CUBOID

RECTANGLE PARALELLOGRAM

PYRAMID PRISM

TRAPEZIUM KITE PENTAGON

PENTAGON OVAL CYLINDER FRUSTUM OF A CONE


Above pictures are the examples for Above pictures are the examples for
plane figures solid figures
Plane figures are Solid figures are
i) Two dimensional figures. i) Three dimensional figures.
ii) They have length and breadth. ii) They have length, height and
iii) They have only area. breadth.
iv) They are made up of two or more iii) They have both area and volume.
straight lines or curved lines or iv) They are made up of two or more
both lines. plane figures.
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SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME

Circumference of a circle

1.Cylinder :-
Curved surface area
Height of the cylinder

Two circular bases


Cylinders are sort of prisms with circular base.
If rectangle revolves about one of its sides and completes a full rotation, the
solid formed is called as cylinder.
Circumference of a circle Two circular bases

Curved surface area of


Height of the cylinder Area of
cylinder = l x b
circle = πr2
= 2πr x h

= 2πrh

1. Curved surface area of cylinder = (C S A )Cy = 2πrh Square units


2. Total surface area of cylinder = ( T S A )Cy = [C S A + Area of two circular bases]
= 2πrh + 2(πr2)
= 2πr ( h + r ) Square units
3. Volume of cylinder =( VCy ) = [ Area of the circular base x Height ] = [ πr2 x h ]
= πr2h Cubic units
Cylinder
Hollow cylinder Solid cylinder
Shaped objects Shaped objects
1.Pipe 1.Piller
2.Straw 2.Roller
3.Tubes 3.Pencil
4.Flute 4.Milk can

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2. CONE :-
Lateral height ( l )
Height ( h ) Curved surface area
Circumference of a circle A circular base
Radius of the circle
A cone is circular base and its axis passes through the center of the base and
is perpendicular to the base.
If a right angled triangle is revolved about one of the side containing the
right angle, the solid formed is called a cone.

Lateral height
Circumference of a circle
1. Curved surface area of cone = (C S A )Co = Area of the sector

= x πr2 = x πl2
°

= πrl Square units


2. Total surface area of cone = ( T S A )Co
Area of
= [C S A + Area of circular base]
circle = πr2
= πrl + πr2
= πr ( l + r ) Square units

3. Volume of cone = ( V CO ) = [ Volume of cylinder ]

= [ πr2 x h ]

= πr2h Cubic units

- : CONE SHAPED OBJECTS :-


1. Ice cream cup
2. Birthday cap
3. Roof of the hut
4. Heap of sand

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3. SPHERE AND HEMISPHERE : -

If a circular disc is rotated about one of its diameter, the solid


formed is called as sphere.

1. C S A of sphere = T S A of sphere
SPHERE ( C S A )Sp = ( T S A )Sp = 4πr2 Square units

2. Volume of sphere = ( VSp ) = πr3 Cubic units

The sphere gets divided into two equal parts. That each part
HEMISPHERE of sphere is called as hemisphere.

1. C S A of hemisphere = ( C S A )Hs = x ( C S A )Sp

= x 4πr2

= 2πr2 Square units

2. T S A of hemisphere = ( T S A )Hs
= [ ( C S A )Hs + Area of circular base ]
= [2πr2 + πr2]
= 3πr2 Square units

3. Volume of hemisphere = ( VHs ) = x Volume of sphere

= x ( VSp )

= x πr3

= πr3 Cubic units

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4. FRUSTUM OF A CONE : -

Radius of the top circular base

Top and bottom circular base Height


Lateral ( slant ) height
Lateral (curved)surface area

Radius of the bottom circular base

1. Curved surface area of frustum of a cone = (C S A )FOC = π ( ₁ + ₂)l


2. Total surface area of frustum of a cone = (T S A )FOC = π ( ₁ + ₂)l + πr12 + πr22

l= ℎ + ( ₁ − ₂)

3. Volume of frustum of a cone = ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)

5. CUBE AND CUBOID : -

1. Curved surface area of a cube = (C S A )C = 4 [ a2 ]


2. Total surface area of a cube = (T S A )C = 6 [ a2 ]
3. Volume of a cube = ( V )C = a3

CUBE

CUBOID

1.Curved surface area of a cuboid = (C S A )C = 2h [ l + b ]


2. Total surface area of a cuboid = (T S A )C = 2 [ lb + bh + hl ]
3. Volume of a cuboid = ( V )C = lbh

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- : Formula chart : -

SOLIDS CSA [LSA] TSA VOLUME

1.CYLINDER

2πrh 2πr ( h + r ) πr2h

2. CONE

πrl πr ( l + r ) πr2h

3. SPHERE

4πr2 4πr2 πr3

4. HEMISPHERE

2πr2 2πr2 πr3

5. FRUSTUM OF A CONE

π( ₁ + ₂)l π( ₁ + ₂)l+ πr1 + πr2


2 2

πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)
l= + ( ₁ − ₂)

6. CUBE

4 [ a2 ] 6 [ a2 ] a3

7. CUBOID

2h [ l + b ] 2 [ lb + bh + hl ] lbh

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Problems based on surface area of a combination of solid


1.Rasheed got a playing top ( lattu ) as his birthday present, which surprisingly had no
colour on it. He wanted to colour it with his crayons. The top is shaped like a cone
surmounted by a hemisphere ( see in figure ). The entire top is 5 cm height and the
diameter of the top is 3.5 cm. Find the area he has to colour. ( Take π = )
3.5cm r =1.75cm

A = 2πr2
5cm d =3.5cm
A = πrl h=3 .25
.
5 – 1.75 =3.25 [r= = = 1.75] l = 3.7cm

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF TOY = CSA OF HEMISPHERE + CSA OF CONE

l=√ + = 2πr2 + πrl


l= ( . ) +( . ) = πr [ 2r + l ]
. .
= √ . !" + !. " = x [2x + 3.7 ]
=√ ." = 11 x 0.5 [ 7.2 ]
= 3.7cm = 5.5 x 7.2
= 39.6 cm2
2. The decorative block shown in figure is made of two solids a cube and a
hemisphere. The base of block is a cube with edge 5 cm, and the hemisphere fixed on
the top has a diameter of 4.2 cm. Find the total surface area of the block. ( π = )
2
A=2πr

r = 2.1 .
5 cm r=
a =5 cm
4.2 cm
5cm 2
A = 6a .
5cm [r= = ]

TSA of the block = TSA of cube + CSA of hemisphere – circular base of hemisphere
= 6a2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6a2 + πr2
. .
=(6x5x5)+[ x x ]

= 150 + 11 x 0.3 x 4.2


= 150 + 13.86
= 163.86 cm2
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3. A wooden toy rocket is in the shape of a cone mounted on a cylinder, as shown in


figure. The height of the entire rocket is 26cm, while the height of the conical part is
6cm. The base of the conical portion has a diameter of 5cm, while the base of
diameter of the cylindrical portion is 3 cm. If the conical portion is to be painted
orange and the cylindrical portion yellow, find the area of the rocket painted with
each of these colours.( π = 3.14 ) Diameter of cone = 5cm
Radius of cone ( r = ) = 2.5 cm
Diameter of cylinder = 3cm
6cm
r =2.5 Radius of cylinder ( r = ) = 1.5 cm
5cm Height of cone ( h ) = 6cm
Lateral height of cone =√ +
3cm
26cm l = ( . ) + (") = 6.5 cm
Height of cylinder = h of Rocket – h of cone
r=1.5 = 26 – 6 = 20cm
20
A=πr2
l=6.5
A= πr r = 2.5 r = 1.5
(l+r)
r
5 5
Area of rocket painted orange = TSA of cone – circular base of cylinder
= πr ( l + r ) – πr2
= π [r ( l + r ) – r2 ]
= 3.14 [ 2.5 ( 6.5 + 2.5 ) – ( 1.5 )2]
= 3.14 [ 22.5 – 2.25 ]
= 3.14 [ 20.25 ]
= 63.585 cm2

πr2
A=2πr
h=20 r = 1.5 r = 1.5
(h+r) h = 20

Area of rocket painted yellow = TSA of cylinder – circular base of cylinder


= 2πr ( h + r ) – πr2
= πr [2 ( h + r ) – r]
= 3.14 x 1.5 [ 2 ( 20 + 1.5 ) – 1.5 ]
= 4.71 [ 41.5 ]
= 195.465cm2
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4. Mayank made a bird - bath for his garden in the shape of a cylinder with
hemispherical depression at one end. height of the cylinder is 1.45m and its radius is
30 cm. Find the total surface area of the bird - bath.( π = )
h = Height of the cylinder is 1.45 m = 1.45 x 100 = 145 cm
rr == 30cm
30cm r = 30cm
A= 2πr2

A =2πrh r = 30cm
h = 145cm

r = 30cm
Total surface area of the bird - bath = CSA of cylinder + CSA of hemisphere
= 2πrh + 2πr2
= 2πr ( h + r )
=2x x 30 ( 145 + 30 )
= 1320 [ ]
= 1320 [ 25 ]
= 33000 cm3 = 3.3 m3
Exercise15.1
1. Two cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the
resulting cuboid. ( π = )

4
4 A = 2 [ lb + bh + hl ]

4 4 4
4 4+4=8

Volume of cube Surface area of cuboid = Surface area of cuboid


= 2 [ lb + bh + hl ]
V = a3, 64 = ( 43 )= a3
= 2 [ (8)(4) + (4)(4) + (4)(8) ]
a=4 = 2 [ (32) + (16) + (32) ]
Length of cuboid = 8 cm
Height of cuboid = 4 cm = 2 [ 80 ]
Breadth of cuboid = 4 cm
= 160 cm2
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2. A vessel in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The


diameter of the hemisphere is 14 cm and the total height of The vessel is 13 cm. Find

the inner surface area of the vessel. ( π = )

h=6cm r = 7 cm
13 A = 2πrh 6 A = 2πr2
A =2πrh
r = 7 cm

d =14cm 7

Inner surface area of a vessel = CSA of cylinder + CSA of hemisphere


= 2πrh + 2πr2
= 2πr ( h + r )
=2x x7(6+7)
= 44 [ ]
= 572 cm2
3. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of same

radius. The total height of the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the T S A of the toy. ( π = )

12
h = 15.5 l = 12.5cm
A = πrl h = 12
r = 3.5 cm
rrrr
A = 2πr2 3.5 r = 3.5 cm

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF TOY = CSA OF CONE + CSA OF HEMISPHERE


l=√ + = πrl + 2πr2
= πr [ l + 2r ]
l= ( . ) +( )
= x 3.5 [ 12.5 + 2 ( 3.5 ) ]
=√ . +
=√ ". = 11 [12.5 + 7 ]

= 12.5 cm = 11 [19.5 ]
= 214.5
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4. A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. what is the greatest


diameter the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid. ( π = )
The greatest diameter of the hemisphere = Side of the cube = 7 cm
radius of hemisphere ( r ) = 3.5 cm
A=2πr2

r =3.5
r = 3.5 cm
a=πr2
A = 6a2 a = 7cm

TSA of the solid = TSA of cube + CSA of hemisphere – circular base of hemisphere
= 6a2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6a2 + πr2
=(6x7x7)+[ x 3.5 x 3.5 ]
= 294 + 11 x 3.5
= 294 + 38.5
= 332.5 cm2
5. A hemispherical depression is cut out from one face of a cubical wooden block such
that the diameter l of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube. Determine the
surface area of the remaining solid.

A=2πr2
$
A = πr2
r = cm $
r = cm
a = lcm
A = 6a2

T S A of the solid = TSA of cube + CSA of hemisphere – circular base of hemisphere


= 6a2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6a2 + πr2
$
= 6l2 + π( )2
%$²
= 6l2 + [ ]

= [ 24 + π ] cm2
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6. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each
of its ends as shown in figure. The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and the
diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area. ( π = )
l = 14 mm h = 9mm
d= 5mm A =4πr2
r=2.5 r=2.5
A=2πrh
b = 5mm
r = 2.5mm
2.5mm 9mm 2.5mm
r = 2.5 mm
Total Surface Area of capsule = C S A of cylinder + C S A of circle
= 2πrh + 4πr2
= 2πr [ h + 2r ]
=2x x 2.5 [ 9 + 2 ( 2.5 )]
!
= [ 14 ]
= 220 mm2
7. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and the
diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1m and 4m respectively, and the slant height of
the top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the
cost of the canvas of the tent at the rate of 500 rupees per m2.( Note that the base of

the tent will not be covered with canvas.) ( π = )

l = 2.8 m
A = πrl
l = 2.8m
h= 2.1m
A = πrl
A=2πrh
2.1m A=2πrh
r = 2m r = 2m
d = 4m, r = 2m
Total area of the tent = C S A of cone + C S A of cylinder
The cost of the canvas of the tent = = πrl + 2πrh
(area of the tent) x (rate of 500 Rs per m2) = πr [ l + 2h ]
= 44 x 500 = x 2 [ 2.8 + 2 (2.1) ]
=22000Rs = [7]
= 44 m2
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8. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of
the same height and the same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of

the remaining solid to the nearest cm2. ( π = )


. . .
d = 1.4cm r= r= r=

A= πrl
A = πr2
A=2πr(r+h) .
r=
h = 2.4
h = 2.4cm
l =2.5cm

T S A of the remaining solid = T S A of cylinder + C S A of cone – area of circle


= 2πr( r + h ) + πrl – πr2
l=√ +
= πr [ 2 ( r + h ) + l – r ]
l = ( !. ) + ( . ) .
= x [ 2 ( 0.7 + 2.4 ) + 2.5 – 0.7 ]
= √!. ' + . " = 11 x 0.2 [ 6.2 + 1.8 ]
= √". = 2.5 cm = 2.2 [ 8 ]
= 17.6 cm2 = 18 cm2
9. A wooden article was made by scooping out a hemisphere from each end of a solid
cylinder as shown in figure. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm, and its base is of
radius 3.5 cm, find the total surface area of the article. ( π = )
r = 3.5 cm r = 3.5 cm
r = 3.5 cm r = 3.5 cm
2
A =4πr
A =2πr2 A =2πr2
h=10cm
A=2πrh

A =4πr2

T S A of the article = C S A of cylinder + 2 [ C S A of hemisphere ]


2
= 2πrh + 2 (2πr )

= 2πr [ h + 2r ]

=2x x 3.5 [ 10 + 2 ( 3.5 ) ]

= 22 [ 17 ]
= 374 cm2

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VOLUME OF A COMBINATION OF SOLIDS


Example – 5 : Shanta runs an industry in a shed which is in the shape of a cuboid surmounted by a
half cylinder as shown in figure. If the base of the shed is of the dimension 7 m x 15 m, and height of
the cuboidal portion is 8 m, find the volume of air that the shed can hold. Further, suppose the
machinery in the shed occupies a total space of 300m3, and there are 20 workers, each of whom occupy
about 0.08 m3 space on an average. Then, how much air is in the shed ? ( π = ) r=3.5cm

V= [πr2h]]

l = 15 cm l = 7cm
b = 7cm
h=8cm h=8cm V = lbh
b=15cm

Total volume of air that the shed can hold = volume of cuboid + [volume of cylinder]
Breath of the cuboid = Diameter of the = lbh + [ πr2h ]
half cylinder
Length of the cuboid = Height of the = [ 15 x 7 x 8 ] + [ ( x ) x 15 ]
half cylinder !
= 840 + [ 11 x ]
Space occupied by machinery = 300m3
= 840 + [ 11 x 26.25 ]
Space occupied by workers = 20x0.08 m3
= 840 + 288.75
= 1.6 m3
= 1128.75 m3
The volume of air, when there are machinery and workers
= Total volume of air that the shed can hold – Space occupied by[machinery + workers]
= 1128.75 – [ 300 +1.6 ] = 827.15 m3
Example – 6 : A juice seller was serving his customers using glasses as shown in figure.
The inner diameter of the cylindrical glass was 5 cm, but the bottom of the glass had a
hemispherical raised portion which reduced the capacity of the glass. If the height of a
glass was 10 cm, find the apparent capacity of the glass and its actual capacity.(π =3.14)
d = 5 cm r = 2.5 cm

V = πr3
h=10cm
V = πr2h
r = 2.5 cm

2
A = πr

T S A of the article =Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere


= πr2h - πr3
= πr2 [ h - r ]
= 3.14 x (2.5)2 [ 10 - ( 2.5 )]
= 19.625 [ 10 - 1.67 ]
= 19.625 [ 8.33 ] = 163.5 cm2
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Example – 7 : A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular


cone. The height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine the
volume of the toy. If a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the difference
of the volumes of the cylinder and the toy. ( π = )
h = 2cm r = 2 cm
2cm
V= ( ² h = 2+2=4cm
V= ( ²
4cm V=( ² V= ( ³

r = 2 cm r = 2 cm
V= ( ³

Volume of the toy = volume of the cone + volume of the hemisphere


= ( ² + ( ³
= ( ²[ + 2r ]
= x 3.14 ( )²[ 2 + 2 x 2 ]
. "
= [6]
= 25.12 cm3
Volume of the right circular cylinder = ( ²
= 3.14 x ( 2 )2 x 4
= 50.24 cm3
The volume required = volume of the right circular cylinder – Volume of the toy
= 50.24 – 25.12
= 25.12 cm3
Exercise 15.2
1. Solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both their radii being
equal to 1 cm and the height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find the volume of the
solid in terms of π.

h = 1cm
V= ( ² V= ( ² V= ( ³

V= ( ³
r = 1cm

Volume of the solid = volume of the cone + volume of the hemisphere


= ( ² + ( ³
= ( ²[ h + 2r ]
= x ( ( )²[ 1 + 2 x 1 ]
= ( cm3

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2. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder
with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium sheet. The
diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is 12 cm. If each cone has a height 2 cm,
find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel made. ( Assume the outer
and inner dimensions of the model to be nearly the same.) ( π = )
h=2cm
d = 3 cm
r= 1.5 cm V= ( ² V= ( ²
d = 3 cm
h = 8 cm
r=1.5cm
l =12cm
h = 8cm V=( ²

V=( ² ( ²
Volume of the model=Volume of the cylinder+2[Volume of the cone]
( ² = ( ² cy + 2 [ ( ²hco ]
= ( ²[ hcy + hco ]
= x ( )2 [ 8 + ( )]
= x( )x( )[ + ]
*
= x( )x( )[ ]
= 66 cm3
3. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find
approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped
like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5cm and diameter 2.8 cm.
V= ( ³
l = 5 cm
h =2.2 cm
d=2.8cm
d=2.8cm
r =1.4cm V= ( ³ V= ( ³
r =1.4cm
V=( ²
V=( ²
V= ( ³

Volume of one jamun = Volume of the cylinder + 2 [ Volume of the hemisphere ]


=( +2[ ( ]
=( [h+ r]
.* .* .*
= x( )x( ) [ 2.2 + ( ) ( )]
= 2.2 x 2.8 [ 2.2 + 1.867 ]
= 6.16 [ 4.067 ]
= 25.05 cm3
Syrup would be found in 45 jamuns = 45 [ Volume of one jamun ] [ % Sugar syrup ]
!
= 45 [ 25.05 ] [ ] = 338.175 cm3 ≅ 338 cm3
!!

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4. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical
depressions to hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm.
The radius of each of the depressions is 0.5 cm and the depth is 1.4 cm. Find the
volume of wood in the entire stand (see in figure ). ( π = )
The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm,10 cm & 3.5cm

[ r = 0.5 cm, h = 1.4 cm ]


Volume of wood in the entire stand = Total volume of wood – 4 [conical depressions]
=[lxbxh]–4[ ( ² ]
= [ 15 x 10 x 3.5 ] – 4 [ x x 0.5 x 0.5 x 1.4 ]
**
= [ 525 ] – [ x 0.05 ]
= 525 – 1.47
= 523.53 cm3
5. A vessel in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of its
top, which is open is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. when lead shots,
each of which is a sphere of radius 0.5 cm are dropped into the vessel, one –
fourth of the water flows out. Find the number of lead shots dropped in the vessel.
r = 5cm
r = 0.5 cm
V= ( ²

V = πr3
h=8cm

Vessel Lead shot


,-./01 .2 34156 27.38 ./1
The Number of lead shots dropped in the vessel =
9.7/-5 .2 1:5 754; 8:.18

[ 9.7/-5 .2 34156 <0 1:5 =58857 ]


=
9.7/-5 .2 1:5 754; 8:.18
[ ( ² ]
=
%6³

= [ ( ² ]x[ ]
%6³
: ? 6²
=
" ? 6³
*? ?
=
" ? !. ? !. ? !.

= 100
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6. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24 cm,
which is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the
mass of the pole, given that 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 gram mass.(π =3.14)
d = 24 cm, r = 12cm
C1 r = 12cm
C1 C2
h=220cm 2
V = πr h
V = πr12h1
2
V=πr2 h2
h = 60cm
h=220cm r = 8cm
h = 60cm 2
V = πr h
C2
r = 8cm
Volume of the pole = Volume of the cylinder C1 + Volume of the cylinder C2
= πr12h1 + πr22h2
= π [ r12h1 + r22h2 ]
= 3.14 [ ( 12 )2 ( 220 ) + ( 8 )2 ( 60 ) ]
= 3.14 [ 31680 + 3840 ]
= 3.14 [ 35520 ]
= 111532.8 cm3
[ 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 gram mass ]
∴ mass of the pole = 111532.8 x 8 = 892262.4g = 892.2624 kg
7. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm
standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular
cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water left
in the cylinder, if the radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180 cm.
r = 60 cm h=180cm, r = 60 cm h=120cm, r = 60 cm

r = 60 cm
V= ( ²
h= V= ( ²hco
180cm V = πr2hcy V= ( ³

V= ( ³

The volume of water left = Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone -Volume of hemisphere
= πr2hcy - ( ²hco - ( ³
= πr2 [ hcy - hco - ]
= x (60)2 [ 180 - (120) - (60) ]
= x (60) x (60) [ 100 ]
= 1131428.57 cm3 = 1.131 m3

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8. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 8 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, the


diameter of the spherical part is 8.5 cm. By measuring the amount of water it
holds, a child finds its volume to be 345 cm3. Check whether she is correct, taking
the above as the inside measurements, and π = 3.14.
d = 2cm
h=8cm V = πr2h
r = 1cm
r = 4.25cm

V = πr3
d = 8.5cm V = πr2h
V = πr3 h = 8cm

The volume of solid = The volume of cylinder + The volume of sphere


= πrcy2h + πrsh3
= 3.14 [ ( 1 x 1 x 8 ) + ( x 4.25 x 4.25 x 4.25) ]
= 3.14 [ 8 + 102.3542 ]
= 3.14 [ 110.3542 ]
= 346.51 cm3 So, she is not correct.
CONVERSION OF SOLID FROM ONE SHAPE TO ANOTHER

Example 8 : A cone of height 24 cm and radius of base 6 cm is made up of modelling


clay. A child reshapes it in the form of sphere. Find the radius of the sphere.

h = 24 cm V= ( ² V = πr3

r=6cm

The volume of cone = The volume of sphere


( ² = ( ³
h = 4r
r=
=
= 6 cm

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Example 9: Selvi's house has an overhead tank in the shape of a cylinder. This is filled
by pumping water from a sump (an underground tank) which is in the shape of cuboid.
The sump has dimension 1.57 m x 1.44 m x 95 cm. The overhead tank has its radius 60
cm and height 95 cm. Find the height of the water left in the sump after the overhead
tank has been completely filled with water from the some had been full. Compare the
capacity of the tank with that of the sump. (Use π = 3.14)
The volume of water left in the sump when full =

V = πr2h Total volume of sump - Total volume of tank =


h = 95 cm The volume of cuboid - The volume of cylinder = [ l x b x h ] – [πr2h ]
r = 60 cm = [ 1.57 x 1.44 x 0.95 ] – [3.14 x 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.95]
= 2.14776 – 1.07388 = 1.07388
The height of the water left in the sump =
AB$CDE BF GHIE $EFI JK I E LCDM
=
$NO
.! **
=
. N .
.! **
=
. "!*

= 0.475 m
l = 1.57cm, b=1.44cm,h=0.95cm = 47.5 cm
The volume of ( sump ) cuboid = [ l x b x h ]
= [ 1.57 x 1.44 x 0.95 ]
= 2.14776
The volume of ( tank ) cylinder = [ πr2h ]
= [3.14 x 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.95]
= 1.07388
P:5 =.7/-5 .2 140Q .! **
P:5 =.7/-5 .2 8/-R
= . "

=
The capacity of the tank is half of the sump.

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Example 10 : A copper rod of diameter 1 cm and length 8 cm is drawn into a wire of


length 18 m of uniform thickness. Find the thickness of the wire.
The volume of A copper rod = The volume of a wire diameter = 1 cm

π rro2hro = π rwi2hwi r = 0.5 cm


( 0.5 )2 x 8 = rwi2 x 1800
( !. )² ? *
rwi2 = V = πr2h
h = 8cm
*!!
( !. ) ? ( )²
rwi2 = h =18m
( ! )²

rwi = = 0.0334 cm ROD h =1800cm


!
Thickness of the wire = Diameter of the wire
= 2 x [ Diameter of the wire ]
= 2 x [ 0.0334 ]
= 0.0668 cm =6.67 mm WIRE
Example 11: A hemispherical tank full of water is emptied by a pipe at the of 3 litres

per second. How much time will it take to empty half the tank, if it is 3 m

in diameter ? ( Take π = )

Volume of half of hemispherical tank = [ ( ³ ]

= [ X X ( )3 ]

= X X X V= ( ³
''
= m3
*
''
So, the volume of the water to be emptied = x 1000
*
''!!!
= litres
*

Since, litres of water is emptied in 1s


''!!! ''!!!
litres of water will be emptied in x
* *
''!!!
=
!!

= 990 seconds
''!
=
"!

= 16.5 minutes
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Exercise 15.3 ( take π = , unless stated otherwise )


1. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2 cm is melted recast into the shape of a cylinder of
radius 6 cm. Find the height of the cylinder.
The volume of a metallic sphere = The volume of a cylinder
πrsp3 = πrcy2h
r = 4.2 cm r = 4.2 cm
( 4.2 )3 = ( 6 )2h
N . N . N .
h=
N"N"
V = πr3 V = πr2h
h = 4 x 1.4 x 0.7 x 0.7
h = 2.47 cm
2. Metallic spheres of radii 6cm, 8cm and 10cm respectively are melted to form a single
solid sphere. Find the radius of the resulting sphere. S
S2 S3
S1 r=?
r = 10cm
r=8cm
r=6cm
V = πr3

The volume of the spheres[( S1 ) + ( S2 ) + ( S3 )] = The volume of the sphere S


[ πr13 + πr23 + πr33 ] = πr3

π [ r13 + r23 + r33 ] = π (r3)

(r3) = [ r13 + r23 + r33 ]


= [ ( 6 )3 + ( 8 )3 + ( 10 )3 ]
= 216 + 512 + 1000
= 1728
r3 = 123
r = 12
3. A 20 m deep well with diameter 7m is dug and the earth from digging is evenly
spread out to form a platform 22 m by 14 m. Find the height of the platform.
d = 7m
The volume of the cuboid = The volume of the cylinder
l x b x hcu = πr2hcy h =20m

22 x 14 x hcu = x x x 20 V = πr2hcy

N N !
hcu =
N

hcu = = 2.5 m l = 22 m, b = 14 m, h = ?
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4. A well of diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread
evenly all around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an
embankment. Find the height of the embankment.
Volume of the well = Volume of the embankment C1
2 2
π rwe h = π ( r1 - r2 )h2 5.5
( 1.5 ) ( 1.5 ) (14) = [ ( 5.5 )2 - ( 1.5 )2 ] h 3m 4 C2
. N . N
h=
!. S .
.
h= 11 m
*
h = 1.04 m
5. A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm and height
15 cm is full of ice cream. The ice cream is to be filled in into cones of height 12cm and
diameter 6cm , having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such
cones which can be filled with ice - cream.
d=6cm, r=3cm
d = 12 cm V = πr3 r=3cm
r = 6 cm hco=12cm
No.
V= ( ² co
V = πr3
h = 15 cm
V = πr2hcy

Volume of the cylinder = n [Volume of the cone ] [ Let,n = number of cones ]


πr2hcy = n [ πr2hco + πr3 ]
πr2hcy = (n ( ²) [ h + 2r ]
( 6 )215 = n ( ) (3) (3) [ 12 + 2 ( 3 )]
36 x 15 = n (3) [ 18 ]
"N
n=[ ]
N *
n = 10
6. How many silver coins 1.75 cm in diameter and of thickness 2 mm, must be melted to
form a cuboid of dimensions 5.5 cm x 10 cm x 3.5 cm ?
Volume of the cuboid = n [Volume of the cylinder ]
l x b x h = n [πr2h ]
. .
5.5 x 10 x 3.5 = n [ x x x 0.2 ]
5.5 x 10 x 3.5 = n [ 1.1 x 0.25 x 1.75 ]
. N !N .
n= 5.5 cm x 10 cm x 3.5 cm
. N !. N .
!
n=
!.
!!!!
n=

n = 400
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7. A cylindrical bucket, 32 cm high and with radius of base 18 cm is filled with sand.
This bucket is emptied on the ground and a conical heap of sand is formed. If the
height of the conical heap is 24 cm. Find the radius and slant height of the heap.
Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the cone
h = 32cm
πr2h = πr2h
r = 18 cm
( 18 )2 x 32 = x r2 x 24 h = 32cm
2
( * )² ? V= πr h
r2 =
*
r = ( 18 )2 x ( 2 )2
2

r = 36 cm

slant height of the heap, l = √ +


l= ( ") +( )
= √ '" + "
=√ N
= 12 √ cm
8. Water in a Canal 6m wide and 1.5 m deep is flowing with a speed of 10 km/h. How
much area will it irrigate in 30 minutes, if 8 cm of standing water is needed ?
1.5
b = 6m

Volume of water flows = Area of rectangular canal x Length of water flows in 1 hour
in 1 hour = l x b x 10 x 1000
= 1.5 x 6 x 10000
= 90,000m
9.7/-5 .2 34156 27.38 <0 :./6 '!!!!
Volume of water flows in 30 minutes = = = 45000m
9.7/-5 .2 34156 27.38 <0 ! -<0/158
Hence, the area required for covering 8cm ( 0.08 m ) =
!.!*
!!!
=
!.!*
!!!!!
=
*

= 562500
= 56.2500 hectare
[ ∵ 1 hectare = 10000 m3]

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9. A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm from a Canal into a cylindrical


tank in her field, which is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows through the
pipe at the rate of 3 km/h, in how much time will the tank be filled ?

d = 10 m
water flows through the pipe
r=5m
l = 3 km/h
h = 2m
d = 20 cm, r = 10 cm = m
2 !
V= πr h
UV WXY VZ [\ ]^ ][_ `_^a
Required time to fill the tank =
b Y_ VZ c]cY ( [_^_ )d eY^f`g VZ h_`Y Z Vhi

%6²:
=
%6² ? 7
jdjd
=
d d
! !

j
=
j

= 1.67 hours.

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Frustum of a cone
Example 12 : The radii of the ends of a frustum of a cone 45 cm high are 28 cm and
7 cm as shown in figure. Find its volume, the curved surface area and the
total surface area. (Take π = )
l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
l= ( * − ) +( ) h = 45 cm
l= ( ) +( ) r1 = 28 cm
l= ( N ) +( N ) r2 = 7 cm
= √ '+
= √
= 3 x 16.5
= 49.5 cm
i ) Volume of a frustum of a cone = ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂ )

= x x 45 [( * ) + ( ) + ( * )( )]
N
= [ 784 + 49 + 196 ]
!
= [ 1029 ]
= 330 x 147
= 48510 cm3
ii ) Curved surface area of a frustum of a cone = π( ₁ + ₂)l

= ( 28 + 7 ) 49.5

= ( 35 ) 49.5

= 110 x 49.5
= 5445.0 cm2 -------------( 1 )
iii ) Total surface area of a frustum of a cone = π( ₁ + ₂)l+ πr12 + πr22
= 5445 + π ( r12 + r22 ) [ ∵ (1) ]

= 5445 + [( * ) + ( ) ]

= 5445 + [ 784 + 49 ]

= 5445 + [ 833 ]

= 5445 + 22( 119 )


= 5445 +2618
= 8,063 cm2
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Example 13 : Hanumappa and his wife Gangamma are busy making jaggery out of
sugarcane juice. they have processed the sugarcane juice to make the molasses, which is
poured into moulds in the shape of frustum of a cone having the diameters of its
circular faces as 30 cm and 35 cm and the vertical height of the mould is 14cm as shown
in figure. If each cm3 of molasses has mass about 1.2 gram, find the mass of the
molasses that can be allowed into each mould. ( Take π = )

Volume of a frustum of a ( molasses )cone = ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)

= x x14 [( ) +( . ) +( )( . )]

= [ 225 + 306.25 + 262.5 ]


r1=15 cm,
r2 = 17.5 cm
= [ 793.75 ]

h= 14cm = 44 x 264.583
= 11641.652 cm3
= 11641.7 cm3
Molasses has mass about 1.2 gram,
The mass of the molasses = [ Volume of a molasses X mass of molasses ]
= 11641.7 x 1.2
= 13970.04 g = 13.97 kg = 14kg.
Example 14 : An open metal bucket is in the shape of frustum of a cone, mounted on a
hollow cylindrical base made of same metallic sheet as shown in figure. The diameters
of the two circular ends of the buckets are 45 cm and 25 cm, the total vertical height of
the bucket is 40 cm and that of cylindrical base is 6 cm find the area of the metal sheet
used to make the bucket, where we do not take into account the handle of the bucket.
Also, find the volume of the water the bucket can hold. (Take π = ).
Area of the metal sheet = C S A of a frustum of a cone
+ Area of circular base + C S A of a cylinder
= π ( ₁ + ₂) l + πr2 + 2πrh
r1= 22.5 cm,
= [ (22.5 + 12.5) 35.44 + (12.5)(12.5) +2(12.5)(6)]
r2 = 12.5 cm
= [ 1240.4 + 156.25 + 150 ] 40cm
h = 34cm
= [ 1546.65 ]
= 4860.9 cm2 h = 6cm
Volume of the water the bucket can hold
= Volume of a frustum of a cone l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
= πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂) l= ( . − . ) +( )
= x x 34 [( . ) +( . ) +( . )( . )] l= ( !) +( )
* = √ !! + "
= [ 506.25 + 156.25 + 281.5 ]
*
= 35.44 cm
= [ 943.75 ]
= 33615.48 cm3 = 33.62 liters
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Exercise 15.4 [ Used by = unless stated otherwise ]


1. A drinking glass is in the shape of a frustum of a cone of height 14 cm. The diameters

of its two circular ends are 4 cm and 2 cm. Find the capacity of the glass.
Volume of a frustum of a ( glass ) cone

= ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂) r1= 2 cm,


= x x 14 [ 22 +12 + ( 2 )( 1 ) ] r2 = 1 cm
= [4+1+2] h = 14cm
= [7]
!*
=

= 102 cm3
2. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm and the perimeter of its circular ends
are 18 cm and 6 cm. Find the curved surface area of the frustum.
"
Perimeter of circle 1 = 18cm, 2πr1 = 18 → r1 = x9=

Perimeter of circle 2 = 18cm, 2πr2 = 6 → r1 = x3= r1= 2 cm,

Curved surface area of a frustum of a cone = π( ₁ + ₂)l r2 = 1 cm


" h = 4cm
= ( + )4
*
= x x4

= 12 x 4
= 48 cm2
3. A fez , the cap used by the Turks, is shaped like the frustum of a cone as shown in
figure. If its radius on the open side is 10 cm, radius at upper base is 4 cm and its
slant height is 15 cm, find the area of material used for making it.
Area of material used for making the cap used by the Turks h=15cm r1 = 4cm
= C S A of a frustum of a cone + Area of circular base
= π ( ₁ + ₂) l + πr2

= [ ( 4 + 10) 15 + 42 ] r2= 10cm

= [ 226 ]

= 710 cm2
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4. A container, opened from the top and made up of metal sheet, is in the form of a
frustum of a cone of height 16cm with radii of its lower and upper ends as 8 cm and
20 cm, respectively. Find the cost of the milk which can completely fill the container,
at the rate of ₹ 20 per litre. Also find the cost of metal sheet used to make the
container, if it costs ₹ 8 per 100 cm2. ( Take = 3.14 )
Volume of a frustum of a ( container ) cone
= ( V )FOC = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂)
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 202 +82 + ( 20 )( 8 ) ]
r1= 20cm
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 400 + 64 + 160 ]
h = 16cm
= x 3.14 x 16 [ 624 ] r2= 8cm
= 3.14 x 16 [ 28 ]
=10449.9 cm2
= 10.45 litres
The cost of the milk which can completely fill the container, at the rate of ₹ 20 per litre
= 20 x Volume of a frustum of a container
= 20 x 10.45
= ₹ 209
Area of metal sheet is used to make the container = T S A of a frustum of a cone
= π ( ₁ + ₂)l + πr12 [ ∵ lKE LJ E JL BMEK ] l= (6₁ − 6₂)² +
= π [( ₁ + ₂)l + r12 ] l= ( !−*) +( ")
= 3.14 [ (* + !) 20 + 82 ] l= ( ) + ( ")
= 3.14 [ 624 ] =√ + " = √ !!
= 1959.36 cm2 = 20 cm

The cost of metal sheet used to make the container, if it costs ₹ 8 per 100 cm2 is
*
= x 1959.36
!!

= 8 x 19.5936
= ₹ 15.6075

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5. A metallic right circular cone 20 cm high and whose vertical angle is 600 is cut
into two parts at the middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base. If the frustum

so obtained be drawn into a wire of diameter cm, find the length of the wire.
"
lm ! !
r1 = Cos300 = ⇒√ = ⇒ OB = A600
ln ln √
mp ! !
r2 = Cos300 = ⇒√ = ⇒ OB =
qp qp √

Volume of frustum of a cone = πh ( ₁ + ₂ + ₁ ₂) B O h = 10cm


! 2 ! 2 ! !
= X % X 10 [ ( ) +( ) +( )( )]
√ √ √ √
!! !! !!
= X π X 10 [ ( )+( ) +( )] C D 10cm
!!
= X π X 10 X
!!!
= π
'

Volume of frustum of a cone = Volume of the wire


!!!
= π ⇒ %r2h
!!!
⇒ = r2 h
!!!
⇒ = ( )2 h
!!! !
⇒ h= x

= 796444.44 cm
= 7964.44 m

BHUVANESHWARI. D. K. M.Sc. B. Ed
GJC [ H S ] CHANNAGIRI.
CHANNAGIRI TALUK
DAVANAGERE DIST.

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