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Oceanography

The document provides information about oceanography topics including: 1) Marine phytoplankton and blue-green algae produce 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere. 2) A tsunami is a type of wave caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. 3) The Mediterranean Sea has high bottom temperatures due to being an enclosed sea at low latitudes with lesser mixing of warm and cold waters and high insolation throughout the year. 4) The Trieste was the first vessel to descend into Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the ocean.

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325 views1,050 pages

Oceanography

The document provides information about oceanography topics including: 1) Marine phytoplankton and blue-green algae produce 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere. 2) A tsunami is a type of wave caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. 3) The Mediterranean Sea has high bottom temperatures due to being an enclosed sea at low latitudes with lesser mixing of warm and cold waters and high insolation throughout the year. 4) The Trieste was the first vessel to descend into Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the ocean.

Uploaded by

CBSE UGC NET EXAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOST POPULAR AROUND THE WORLD

SUCCESS

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SERIES

OCEANOGRAPHY
BOOST YOUR GEOGRAPHY KNOWLEDGE

DESIGNED FOR SURE SUCCESS


MCQ EDITION
NARAYAN CHANGDER

7 + S
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NARAYAN CHANGDER
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Contents

1 OCEANOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1. OCEANOGRAPHY

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY
1. 50% of oxygen in the atmosphere comes D. Stipe
from where?
5. Levels of dissolved gases and nutrients in
A. Land plant photosynthesis seawater does vary by depth.
B. Marine phytoplankton (and blue-green A. true
algae)
B. false
C. From oceans breaking down CO2
D. There’s oxygen in the atmosphere?! 6. the distance between two adjacent wave
crests or wave troughs
2. What type of wave is a giant wave caused
A. Mechanical Wave
by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions un-
der the sea B. Tsunami
A. spilling C. Ocean Wave
B. tsunami D. Wavelength
C. rip current 7. Mediterranean Sea have high bottom tem-
D. surging peratures because

3. True or False? A Category 5 hurricane has A. it is an enclosed sea at low latitudes


wind at speeds starting at 131 mph. B. lesser mixing of the warm and cold wa-
A. True ters occurs

B. False C. high insolation throughout the year is


found
4. Attaches the seaweed to a rocky surface D. all of the above reasons
A. Blade
8. Which of these was the first vessel to de-
B. Holdfast scend into Challenger Deep, the deepest
C. Bulb / gas bladder point known in the ocean?

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. C
1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 3

A. Bathyscaphe
B. Bathysphere

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C. Trieste
D. None of these ever went this deep.

9. What is the most common cause of ocean A. low permeability


waves? B. low porosity
A. variations in the salinity of seawater C. high porosity
B. variations in the temperature of sea- D. high permeability
water
15. When water gets cooler it gets
C. the gravitational effect of the Moon
A. Rises/less dense
D. winds at the ocean surface
B. Sinks/less dense
10. What ocean does the Ring of Fire sur- C. Sinks/denser
round?
D. rises/denser
A. The Pacific Ocean
B. The Atlantic Ocean 16. Which statement about the mixed layer of
the ocean is FALSE:
C. The Arctic Ocean
A. It absorbs most of the sun’s light
D. The Indian Ocean
B. Most marine life is found here
11. The tide with the greatest difference of be- C. It has the greatest density
tween consecutive high and low tides
D. the wind and the waves mix the heat
A. Neap tide evenly
B. Spring tide 17. Which option is affected by the oceans?
12. The geographic name for the steep change A. life on earth
just beyond the continental plain. B. atmosphere conditions
A. continental slope C. climate stability
B. continental rise D. all of the above
C. abyssal plain
18. Life on Earth probably evolved in the ocean
D. oceanic trench for all of these reasons EXCEPT
A. oxygen is only found in the ocean
13. Which ridge is spreading faster, the mid-
atlantic ridge or southeast indian ridge? B. the ocean offered protection from the
sun’s dangerous rays
A. mid atlantic ridge
C. organic compounds dissolve easily in
B. southeast indian ridge
water
14. Water is able to flow more easily through D. the atmosphere at the time of life’s
the aquifer because its material has a origination had too much oxygen

9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. A
1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 4

19. The moon is mainly responsible for the 25. The water mass of Java Sea in the west
tides on Earth because it is monsoon tends to have a salinity value
A. much closer that is
B. far away A. low
C. behind the sun B. high
D. none of above 26. What is the name of this tool?
20. Seawater has higher salinity than fresh-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
water. The seawater sinks below fresh-
water because it is dense.
A. more
B. less
21. What symbolizes the abyssal plain?

A. His Net
B. Sediment Sieve
C. Current Meter
A. 1 D. Niskin Bottle
B. 3 27. Desalination is the process of
C. 6 A. Adding salt to the water
D. 7 B. Adding fish to a lake
22. Which part of the ocean is deepest? C. Removing salt from the ocean
A. ridges D. Replacing freshwater with saltwater
B. rifts
28. Check all of the fish below.
C. trenches
A. Narwhal
D. seamounts
B. Flounder
23. Which of the following explanations C. Salmon
would account for Iceland’s climate if there
were no surface currents? D. Cod
A. Iceland would become drier and colder E. Jellyfish
B. Iceland would be wetter and warmer 29. Propose a hypothesis on how climate
change might affect ocean characteristics
24. Identification of position north or south
and boundaries in the next century. Sup-
of the equator was made possible by
port your hypothesis with scientific rea-
Hadley’s invention of the
soning.
A. sextant
A. Oceans will remain unaffected by cli-
B. compass mate change
C. barometer B. Oceans will experience minimal
D. chronograph changes due to climate change

20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 28. C 28. D 29. C
1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 5

C. Climate change will lead to rising sea


levels and altered ocean currents

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D. Climate change will only impact ocean
temperature but not boundaries

30. Hurricane name can be retired?


A. True
B. False

31. When would I use a graph like this?

A. 4, 3, 2, 1
B. 1, 2, 3, 4
A. To see changes over time C. 3, 4, 2, 1,
B. To compare parts to a whole D. 4, 3, 1, 2
C. To compare categories 35. What causes warm air to rise?
D. To see frequency A. The fact that it’s less dense than cold
air
32. Select the finest particles in this list: B. The fact that it weighs more than cold
A. Sand air
C. The fact that it has higher pressure
B. Silt
than cold air
C. Clay D. The fact that it’s more dense than cold
D. Granules air

36. Gyres, circular loops of sea water, are


33. Dessication refers to known to move in what direction in the
A. a part of an ecosystem northern hemisphere?
A. Clockwise
B. the production of sulfur dioxide
B. Counterclockwise
C. a fun game to play with your family
37. Current that goes from tropics to higher
D. the process of drying out latitude

34. Put the liquids in order from most dense to A. Cold Current
least dense? B. Warm Current

30. A 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. A


1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 6

38. The term “salinity” refers to 43. From looking at this graphic, and not-
A. the total amount of dissolved solids in ing that coal is mined in the Appalachian
the ocean Plateau, we can infer that this province
B. the total amount of sodium and chlo-
ride in the ocean
C. the total amount of magnesium and flu-
oride dissolved in the ocean.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. the total amount of calcium and chlo-
ride dissolved in the ocean
39. What would a long-term rise in the aver- A. was once a swamp
age surface temperature have on oceans?
B. is underlain with igneous rock
A. oceans would absorb the heat and hold
temperatures lower C. is the oldest rock on the East coast
B. evaporation would decrease D. releases a great deal of heat
C. polar ice would melt and result in the 44. Use the image to identify letter A of bar-
levels of the ocean rising rier islands:
D. more plant life would grow
40. Which feature of ocean topography is
shown at point C?
A. Beach
B. Dune
C. Forest
D. Meadow
A. submarine canyon E. Marsh
B. continental slope
45. Hurricanes
C. mid ocean ridge
D. deep ocean trench
41. The term “aphotic” best refers to
A. sunlight being present but very dim
B. no sunlight
C. lots of sunlight present
D. photosynthesis occurring
A. begin as a group of thunderstorms
42. Reaches the North Pole in 1909. moving over tropical ocean water
A. Captain Roald Amundsen B. die in colder water or over land be-
B. Jacques Cousteau cause they lose their source of energy
C. Admiral Robert Peary C. have a center called the eye
D. Alfred Wegener D. all of these

39. C 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. E 45. D 46. C


1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 7

46. a disturbance that transfers energy A. until they learn to swim


through ocean water B. until they find a mate

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A. Mechanical Wave C. their whole life
B. Tsunami D. until they become an adult
C. Ocean Wave
52. Which describes the tiny plantlike produc-
D. Wavelength ers that are the basis for most ocean food
47. Which property of seawater increases webs?
with decreasing temperature?
A. salinity
B. viscosity
C. density
D. conductivity

48. Nekton include all animals that


A. zooplankton
A. move independently of ocean currents
B. phytoplankton
B. live at or in the ocean bottom
C. bacteria
C. drift with ocean currents
D. coral reefs
D. live on both land an in the water
53. Space dust, pieces of meteorites, and as-
49. The word “photic” is used to describe
teroid leftovers are a part of
what zone?
A. terrigenous sediment
A. sunlight zone
B. biogenous sediment
B. twilight zone
C. hydrogenous sediment
C. midnight zone
D. cosmogenous sediment
D. abyssal zone
54. A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep
50. Clouds are formed by ocean floor
A. evaporation. A. Mid-ocean Ridge
B. precipitation B. Abyssal Plain
C. condensation C. Rift Valley
D. transpiration D. none of above
51. How long are Holoplankton considered 55. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a prominent un-
plankton? derwater mountain range located in which
ocean?
A. Indian Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 8

56. Allows the leaf-structures of the seaweed 60. The ocean floor
to float A. is always a flat bed of sand
A. Blade B. is covered by the same amount of wa-
B. Holdfast ter everywhere
C. Bulb / Gas Bladder / Pneumatocyst C. has mountains, plains, and ridges like
land surfaces
D. Stipe
D. covers less area than the land

NARAYAN CHANGDER
57. Estuaries, like the Chesapeake Bay, are
areas where fresh and salt water mix. 61. What are Phytoplankton?
It is extremely important to keep pollu- A. that one eyed thing from spongebob
tion away from estuaries because estuar-
B. microscopic animals
ies have high amounts of-
C. microscopic plants
A. algae blooms
D. none of above
B. biological activity
C. salinity 62. Spring tides have the largest tidal ranges
because
D. dissolved oxygen
A. the earth, moon, and sun are aligned
58. Consider the following statements:1) for greater gravitational force.
Ocean currents are the slow-surface move- B. the moon has the strongest gravita-
ment of water in the ocean2) Ocean cur- tional force.
rents assist in maintaining the Earth’s heat
balance3) Ocean current are set in mo- C. the sun has the most gravitational
tion primarily by prevailing windsWhich force.
of these statements are correct? D. none of the above
A. 1 & 2 63. The distance from crest to crest OR trough
B. 2 & 3 to trough is the
C. 1 & 3 A. wavelength
D. 1, 2, & 3 B. period
C. wave height
59. Which lettered location would likely have
brackish water? D. amplitude

64. The Americas were named after:


A. Francis Scott Key
B. Nunez de Balboa Amerigo
C. Amerigo Vespucci
D. none of above
A. A
65. Which of the following winds occurs when
B. B cool air blows from the land to the ocean?
C. C A. Trade Winds
D. All of the Above B. Land Breeze

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 9

C. Sea Breeze 71. ebnekldfnmbfnvkldnf


D. Westerlies A. f, vmdfdfnvkl

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B. dfnvlskdnvvnlkdsfn
66. The densest ocean water is generally
found C. fvkndlk
A. at the surface D. Eventalkabin
B. along the coast 72. What describes the outer core?
C. midway down the water column A. solid
D. at the bottom of the ocean B. liquid
67. Rain, sleet, snow and hail is called C. viscous
A. condensation D. gas

B. evaporation 73. Fisheries renew themselves naturally each


C. precipitation year, but has caused a shortage of fish
in some areas.
D. transpiration
A. overfishing
68. During upwelling occurs off the coast B. catch limits
of Peru.
C. global warming
A. Normal Conditions
D. aquaculture
B. The boy
74. Choose the correct option
69. This fish pictured is an example of:

A. Kingfisher
B. Alvin
A. Sessile life
C. FLIP
B. Benthic life
D. Trieste
C. Pelagic life
D. Aphotic life 75. Which features of the seafloor represent
the flattest part of the Earth’s surface?
70. Why do ocean surface temperatures vary
around the world?
A. Coriolis Effect
B. Uneven heating from the sun
C. Uneven precipitation
D. Uneven evaporation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 10

A. deep-sea trenches 81. Where does the intial source of energy


B. continental margins come from that creates winds and thus sur-
face currents?
C. mid-ocean ridges
A. The moon
D. abyssal plains
B. The sun
76. Water that has greater density
C. The wind
A. sinks
D. The rotation of the Earth

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. rises
C. spins clockwise 82. Surface currents are mostly caused by

D. is warmer A. Differences in Density


B. The Coriolis Effect and Wind
77. is the process by which humans re-
trieve eroded sand from underwater and C. High Salinity
place it back on the shoreline. D. Low Temperatures
A. Beach nourishment
83. The highest part of a wave is the
B. Sediment retrieval
A. trough
C. Beach replenishment
B. wave length
D. Shoreline nourishment
C. crest
78. How much of the Earth is covered in land?
D. wave height
A. 25%
B. 75% 84. What molecule is used by cells for cellu-
lar respiration in both photosynthetic (car-
C. 97.5%
bon dioxide + water + light energy → car-
D. 2.5% bohydrate + oxygen) and chemosynthetic
(12H2S + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 (=carbohy-
79. What is the most abundant mineral in the drate) + 6H2O + 12S energy)
ocean?
A. Lipid molecule
A. carbon
B. Carbohydrate molecule
B. gold
C. DNA and RNA
C. calcium
D. salt D. none of above

80. What area of oceanography would the 85. Mark all statements that correctly de-
study of underwater mountains this fall scribe the Chesapeake Bay. Check all that
under? apply.

A. Marine A. it is an estuary
B. Geological B. it’s a mix of freshwater and salt water
C. Chemical C. it has low biological activity
D. Physical D. Chemical pollution is a great threat

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 11

86. Which factor mostly causes waves? B. Coral Reef


A. The wind transferring energy to the C. Plankton

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surface of the water. D. Continental Slope
B. The moon pulling on the surface of the
planet. 92. Approx what percentage of the planet is
covered in water?
C. Earthquakes causing tsunamis.
A. 61
D. The Coriolis Effect causing global
winds to curve. B. 71
C. 81
87. The higher the temperature, the more dis-
D. 76
solved oxygen in water.
A. True 93. What is the proper definition for bay?
B. False A. A dent in the coastline
B. A major body of saltwater
88. What is true about an ocean current that
is moving toward the equator? C. A gulf of saltwater
A. It is warm. D. A gulf of water
B. It is fast. E. A small area where water is at it’s
most salinity
C. It is cold.
D. It is slow. 94. Which of the following statements about
upwelling is incorrect?
89. Both El Nino and La Nina have this in com- A. Upwelling is when cold water rises to-
mon ward the surface.
A. Influence birds that migrate over the B. Upwelling occurs because the wind
ocean pushes away surface water.
B. Influence rainy / dry weather world C. Water that rises to the surface is too
wide warm and harms local marine life.
C. The weather at the polar regions D. Water that rises to the surface during
D. The directions that ships travel in the upwelling is usually rich in nutrients.
oceans
95. The OLDEST seafloor is located?
90. What changes as a result of the indepen- A. Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
dent variable?
B. Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
A. dependent variable
96. What are the 2 factors that scientists
B. constants
agree on to classify the climate of a par-
C. control group ticular area?
D. observations A. average surface area

91. Sharp underwater hill connecting the con- B. average precipitation


tinent to the ocean floor? C. average cloud formation
A. Ocean D. average temperature

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 12

97. Another tool used to learn about the ocean D. REMUS


is E. UUV
A. satellites
103. Underwater mountain
B. hammer
A. Guyot
C. screwdriver
B. Seamount
D. pliers
C. Abyssal Plain

NARAYAN CHANGDER
98. One irreversible effecct of both deforesta- D. Atoll
tion and water polution on the environ-
ment is the 104. Ocean acidification is primarily caused by
A. extinction of species an increase in atmospheric levels of:
A. Nitrogen dioxide
B. thinning of the ozone shield
B. Carbon dioxide
C. depletion of atmospheric carbon diox-
ide levels C. Methane
D. increase in renewable resources D. Sulfur dioxide

99. In the Arctic Circle during the summer sol- 105. The tides are caused by:
stice, how hours of sunlight is expected? A. Wind
A. 24 B. Turbidity
B. 0 C. Viscosity
C. 12 D. The Moon
D. 8
106. The actual salinity of the oceans varies
100. water that falls from the atmosphere to from place to place.
the Earth’s surface as rain, sleet, snow or A. true
hail
B. false
A. condensation
107. In what zone does approximately 90%
B. evaporation
of all ocean life live?
C. run off
A. sunlight
D. precipitation
B. twilight
101. Which continental plate is heavier? C. midnight
A. Continental D. none of above
B. Oceanic 108. What type of sediment do we expect to
102. Identify the acronym that applies:It is find on temperate shelves?
simply a computer-controlled system oper- A. Calcarious biogenous sediments
ating under the sea. B. River deposited terrigenous sedi-
A. AUV ments
B. CTD C. Glacial till and ice-rafted sediments
C. DSV D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 13

109. Of organic origin; i.e., made by organ- C. Peru Current


isms. D. Brazil Current

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A. Terrigenous sediments.
114. Which of the following marks the deep-
B. Biogenous sediments. est part of the ocean?
C. Hydrogenous (or authigenic) sedi- A. Galathea depth
ments.
B. Puerto Rico Trench
D. Cosmogenous sediments.
C. Tonga Trench
110. Which of the following natural gasses is D. Mariana’s Trench
most common in gas hydrates from under
the ocean floor? 115. Eratosthenes’ two major contributions
were:
A. Propane
A. using the North Star and creating the
B. Carbon dioxide
system of latitude and longitude
C. Methane
B. using the North Star and calculating
D. Hydrogen Sulfide the earth’s circumference
E. Ethane C. the first latitude and longitude system
calculating the earth’s circumference
111. The salt in the ocean comes mainly from
D. none of above
A. the air 116. Which question can best be answered by
B. plants the data presented in the chart above?

C. rocks
D. outer space

112. Ocean salinity is usually expressed in


A. charts
B. chemical formulas
C. parts per thousand
D. parts per billion
A. How does sea water differ from fresh
113. Which current has the most effect on the water?
climate of the southwestern coast of South B. Which two salt elements are the most
America? abundant in seawater?
C. ow do the elements they contain affect
the density of sea water?
D. What are the types of sea water?

117. A volcano that erupts underwater and


creates mountains that break the surface
A. Benguela Current of the ocean
B. California Current A. seamount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 14

B. volcanic island A. Asthenosphere


C. trench B. Inner Core
D. continental shelf C. Lithosphere
D. Outer Core
118. What ecosystem forms behind a spit?
A. Sand Dune 123. This measures water clarity.

B. Salt Marsh A. bathyscaphe

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. buoy
C. Coral Reef
C. grab sampler
D. Mangrove
D. Dry disks
119. How is high heat capacity of water crucial
in regulating global temperature? 124. What is a tide?
A. laundry detergent
A. Helps the temperature of environment
from becoming too hot / cold B. repeated movement of water
B. Keeps ocean water warm C. ongoing movement of water
D. the rise and fall of the ocean’s surface
120. A sediment derived from land and trans-
ported to the ocean by wind and flowing 125. What are the inputs of salinity?
water is called a: A. Runoff from streams and rivers
A. Biogenous Sediment B. Volcanic eruptions
B. Cosmogenous Sediment C. Hydrothermal vents at mid-ocean
C. Hydrogenous Sediment ridges

D. Terrigenous Sediment D. Salinity increase


126. Review the graph showing marine fish-
121. The rise and fall of Earth’s waters on its
ing rates.If the fishing rate in Asia contin-
coastlines are called
ues to grow, what willmost likelyhappen
A. currents as a result?
B. tides
C. waves
D. gravity

122. Which of the following is Earth’s liquid


iron-nickel layer?

A. The fish population will continue to


rise.
B. The U.S. human population will de-
cline.
C. A wide range in ocean temperatures
will be seen worldwide.
D. The overfishing will cause an imbal-
ance in marine ecosystems.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 15

127. Which threat to coral reefs is associated 132. Photosynthetic organisms that drift in
with the sewage run-off into the ocean? the water

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A. Algal bloom A. Bacteria
B. Sedimentation B. Chemosynthesis
C. Ocean acidification C. Decomposers
D. Coral bleaching
D. Phytoplankton
128. Which letter is pointing to a volcanic is-
land? 133. Oceanography is split into 4 main sub
branches. Which of the following is not
one of them.
A. Botany
B. Biology
C. Physical
A. G
B. F D. Chemistry

C. A 134. The ocean that the Ring of Fire encircles


D. E is the

129. what is a warm front? A. Atlantic

A. cool and clear weather B. Indian


B. warm and clear weather C. Pacific
C. days of clouds and precipitation D. Caribbean
D. large amounts of snow or rain with
cooler temperatures 135. The Coriolis Effect is caused by

130. The unit for wave speed is


A. meter
B. meter/second
C. hertz
D. Second

131. When you are playing in the ocean, you


must watch out for , a spot where the A. Earth revolving around the sun
longshore current carries water back into
B. Earth rotating on its axis
the ocean.
A. swell C. Rising and fallingtides

B. rip tide D. Pull of gravity


C. neap tide 136. Which tide is represented by the bottom
D. trough part of the diagram?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 16

C. Hydrogenous (or authigenic) sedi-


ments.
D. Cosmogenous sediments.

140. The rise and falling of the surface of bod-


ies of water are called:
A. currents.
B. Spring tides.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Sprite Tide C. tides.
B. Spring Tide D. The boy
C. Neap Tide 141. This explorer was also the inventor of
D. Neap Tide the chronometer that allowed navigators
to know exactly where they were
137. The main reason that we have currents in
the ocean and air is A. Captain James Cook

A. the sun heats the air and ocean evenly B. Ferdinand Magellan
everywhere C. Charles Darwin
B. the heat inside the earth heats the D. none of above
ocean and the ocean heats the air
142. What creates ocean surface currents and
C. the sun cannot heat both the air and how are they organized?
water, so one must heat the other
A. Ocean tides create surface currents,
D. the sun heats air and water more at which are organized based on water
the equator because it receives more di- depth.
rect sunlight
B. Wind creates surface currents, which
138. What type of lines are shown here? are organized based on water tempera-
ture.
C. Earth’s rotation creates surface cur-
rents, which are organized based on wa-
ter density.
D. Earth’s rotation creates surface cur-
rents, which are organized based on wind
patterns.

143. According to your textbook, select the


best answer choice that best describes the
definition of pollution.
A. The map shows lines of longitude.
A. the solution to dilution that affects the
B. The map shows lines of latitude. physical, chemical, or biological environ-
ment
139. Of extraterrestrial origin.
B. substances or energy that changes
A. Terrigenous sediments. the water quality or affects the physical,
B. Biogenous sediments. chemical, or biological environment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 17

C. primarily crude oil or refined oil 148. Which of the following does NOT happen
caused by tanker spills to air above ocean water in equatorial re-
gions? (p. 412)

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D. manmade and naturally discarded ma-
terials and substances that affect the ma- A. The air is heated.
rine environment B. The air sinks due to its high density.

144. Why is oceanography considered an inter- C. Moisture in the air increases.


disciplinary science? D. Hurricanes can result from the warm
and high moisture conditions.
A. Because it only focuses on the physical
characteristics of the ocean 149. Which of the following is an example of
B. Because it is limited to studying the COHESION?
chemical composition of the ocean A. water sticking to water
C. Because it does not involve the study B. water sticking to glass
of marine life C. oil sticking to plastic
D. Because it involves the study of var- D. hydrogen sticking to oxygen
ious aspects of the ocean, including its
physical, chemical, biological, and geolog- 150. Sea floor sediment made from a precipi-
ical characteristics. tate formed from chemical reactions occur-
ring naturally in the ocean is called sed-
145. Water with salinity and temper- iment.
ature will be the MOST dense. A. Lithogenous
A. higher, lower B. Biogenous
B. higher, higher C. Hydrogenous
C. lower, higher D. Cosmogenous

D. lower, lower 151. What type of seafloor feature is a


circular-shaped, flat-topped underwater
146. What can increase Salinity? mountain that has been eroded by wave
action and now lies below the sea surface?
A. Large amounts of evaporation
A. guyot
B. Large amounts of water being washed
into the ocean B. volcano

C. An increase of CO2 in the water C. canyon


D. plateau
D. An increase of H2O in the water
152. Tektites are an example of which of the
147. Who is given CREDIT for being the first following sediment types?
to circumnavigating the globe?
A. Lithogenous Sediment
A. James Cook B. Cosmogenous Sediment
B. Bartholomew Diaz C. Terrigenous Sediment
C. Mathew Maurey D. Hydrogenous Sediment
D. Ferdinand Magellan E. Biogenous Sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 18

153. Which ocean animal is known for be- B. capillary


ing very friendly, intelligent and easily C. capacity
trained?
D. cohesion
A. Blanket Ray
B. Dolphin 158. What ocean floor feature may eventually
turn into a volcanic island, like Hawaii?
C. Blue Whale
A. Trench
D. Salmon

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Mid-ocean ridge
154. Which is NOT a freshwater ecosystem? C. Rift Valley
A. stream D. Seamount
B. lake
159. What is happening at 1?
C. ocean
D. river

155. Cohesive force between water molecules


and adhesive force between water
molecules and other molecules enable this
phenomenon occur.
A. surface tension
B. capillary action
C. float on water
A. respiration:releasing CO2
D. photosynthesis
B. decomposing CO2in the soil
156. Global atmospheric patterns are respon-
C. photosynthesis:absorbing CO2
sible for most local weather. Which causes
these patterns to exist? D. turning CO2from the atmosphere into
organic molecules

160. El Nino begins in which ocean?


A. Southern
B. Artic
C. Atlantic
D. Pacific
A. mountain ranges
161. Which of the following features is re-
B. greenhouse gases lated to transform faults along mid-ocean
C. holes in the ozone layer ridges?
D. unequal heating of the Earth A. Fracture zone

157. the attraction between water molecules B. Continental slope


to other water molecules C. Continental shelf
A. adhesion D. Submarine canyon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 19

162. What would be located from B to F 167. On average, sea surface salinity is:
A. 35 ppt

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B. 1 ppt
C. 100 ppt
D. 50 ppt
E. 330 ppt
A. Trough
B. Wavelength
C. Crest Explanation:
D. Wave Height

163. How do groynes prevent erosion?


A. They deflect the energy of the waves
168. The western shoreline of a continent in
B. They provide platforms for fishing the Northern Hemisphere runs directly in
C. They trap sediment and build up the a north-south direction. Prevailing winds
beach blowing from the will produce coastal
upwelling
D. They increase long shore drift
A. south
164. High tides and Low tides result from the
Moon’s and the Sun’s on the Earth’s B. east
waters. C. west
A. tug of war D. none of above
B. gravitational pull
C. orbit 169. Large clouds that produce thunderstorms
are called clouds.
D. rotation
A. stratus
165. What is it called when rocks and soils are
B. cumulonimbus
worn away by rushing water, rain, wind,
or ice? C. clouded
A. Erosion D. cumulus
B. Leaching
170. The Coriolis Effect refers to:
C. Runoff
D. Storm Drain A. how the earth rotates
B. particles of water moving faster as
166. The deepest layer of water is they move away from the equator
A. the coldest and least dense
C. an increase in wind increasing the size
B. coldest and most dense of waves
C. warmest and least dense D. how warm shallow ocean currents
D. warmest and most dense move

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 20

171. What is the process of switching the C. High Evaporation


cold, nutrient rich water from the deep D. High Pressure
ocean with warm surface water, encour-
aging new plant life? 177. Molting is a biological process where an
animal routinely casts off different parts
A. Undertow
of their body. In the case of snakes and
B. Upwelling frogs, this includes skin. For other animals
C. Surface current this includes fur, feathers, and exoskele-
tons, like the shell of crabs and lobsters.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Deep current
What do you think, do seals molt?True-
172. What is salinity in the context of ocean they do molt.False-they don’t molt.
water? A. True
A. The amount of dissolved nutrients B. False
B. The amount of dissolved oxygen 178. Which type of phytoplankton creates
C. The amount of dissolved salt much of Earth’s oxygen?
D. The amount of dissolved minerals A. algae
B. coral
173. Which type of plate boundary comes to-
gether? 179. What is salinity?
A. Convergent A. the amount of sand in sediment
B. Divergent B. the speed a wave is traveling
C. Transform C. the distance from the ocean’s surface
to the ocean floor
D. none of above
D. the amount of salt dissolved in water
174. Which boundary occurs when two plates
slide past each other? 180. Submarines have explored the deep parts
of the ocean. As they have descended, sci-
A. Transformative entists have observed a decrease in-
B. Convergent A. sunlight
C. Divergent B. pressure
D. Sliding C. sand on the ocean floor
175. Who founded the Library of Alexandria? D. none of above
A. Matthew Maury 181. Explain how the direction of the Gulf
B. Prince Henry Stream Current affects the climate of Eu-
rope
C. Alexander the Great
D. Christopher Columbus

176. All of the following are needed for a trop-


ical cyclone to form EXCEPT
A. Low Pressure A. The Gulf Stream Current moves north-
B. Warm Water west which carries cool, dry air to Europe.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 21

B. The Gulf Stream Current move north-


west which carries warm, moist air to Eu-
rope.

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C. The Gulf Stream Current moves north-
east which carries warm, moist air to Eu-
rope.
D. The Gulf Stream Current moves north- A. Arctic Ocean
east which carries cool, dry air to Europe. B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
182. What are the values of the pH scale?
D. Pacific Ocean
A. 0-14
E. Southern Ocean
B. 7-15
186. How does the greenhouse effect affect
C. 8-17 the water cycle?
D. 9-19 A. the greenhouse winds move the cycle
irregularly
183. The covalent bonds between hydrogen
B. it speeds it up in warm areas and
and oxygen atoms in a water molecule
slows it in cold areas
form as a result of
C. there are more gases in the atmo-
A. sharing of electrons between the sphere and less water
atoms
D. it increases the moisture from both
B. polarity of water molecules land and water areas
C. transfer of electrons between atoms 187. Cities closer to water most likely will be
D. surface tension of water A. more dry
B. cooler than inland in the same latitude
184. What is labeled (F) on the diagram
shown? C. hotter than inland in the same latitude
D. less breezy
188. Which zone is 6000 meters and deeper?

A. Continental Shelf
B. Continental Slope
C. Continental Rise
A. Hadalpelagic
D. Oceanic Trench
B. Abyssopelagic
E. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Mesopelagic
185. Choose the correct option D. Epipelagic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 22

189. The is the lowest part of a wave. 194. What is a tide of maximum range that
A. tides occurs during the new and full quarters of
the moon?
B. current
A. Spring tide
C. breaker
D. through B. Neap tide

190. What answer selection best describes ap- 195. Aerial drones can track
plying multiple scientific areas? (From

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. wave height
Chapter 1.3)
B. wind speed
A. interdisciplinary science
B. claim evidence reasoning C. temperature
C. oceanography D. animal behavior
D. outgassing 196. Choose the correct option
E. nebular hypothesis
191. Which statement BEST explains the role
of evaporation in ocean currents?
A. Evaporation adds salt to surface wa-
ters, forcing the water to sink.
B. Evaporation leads to the movement of
air masses, causing surface currents.
C. Evaporation removes heat energy A. Crab Pots
from the surface waters, increasing the
water density. B. SCUBA

D. Evaporation increases the air pres- C. CTD Rosette


sure above surface waters, causing hor- D. Drift Bottle
izontal currents.
197. What are Rift Valleys
192. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau invented the
which was the 1st generation of A. both on land and at the bottom of the
SCUBA. ocean, where they are created by the pro-
A. Iron Lung cess of seafloor spreading.

B. Snorkel B. Just an Ocean that rifts


C. Aqualung 198. It happens when rain falls during below
D. Aquafins freezing conditions/temperatures. This
normally results in the solidification of rain
193. This was the expedition that found the
droplets.
deepest part of the ocean so far
A. Rain
A. Challenger Expedition
B. Glomar Expedition B. Snow
C. Meteor Expedition C. Sleet
D. Alvin Expedition D. Freezing rain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 23

199. Collection of cores to learn about the his- 204. Which element is associated with ocean
tory of Earth acidification?

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A. Deep-sea drilling A. hydrogen
B. Sonar B. helium
C. Satellites C. oxygen
D. ROVs D. sodium
205. Which of the following is NOT a method
200. What is a deep, underwater valley or
of mapping the ocean (bathymetry)?
canyon on the ocean floor?
A. seamount
B. trench
C. continental rise
D. continental slope

201. sound waves used to make a map of the


ocean floor
A. sonar
A. ocean floor topography
B. land navigation
B. sonar C. using submersibles
C. seamount D. satellite
D. continental slope
206. What separates one watershed from an-
202. Zone that includes shoreline, bathing ar- other?
eas, and surfing? A. Hills and Mountains
B. Lines
C. Streams
D. Cities
207. How do plate Tectonics effect the earth?
A. Plate tectonics cause earthquakes, vol-
canic eruptions, and the formation of
A. Intertidal mountains.
B. Oceanic B. Plate tectonics create a peaceful and
C. Nertic stable environment
D. Benthic C. Plate tectonics cause the earth to stop
rotating
203. Waves are caused by? D. Plate tectonics have no effect on the
A. Wind earth
B. The sun 208. Which area of the sea has more sea life?
C. The moon A. the Mariana Trench
D. The Coriolis effect B. the continental shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 24

209. What causes the moon’s phases 214. What characteristic is shown in the im-
A. Where you are standing on Earth age?

B. the amt of sunlight reflected onto the


moon from the sun
C. The tilt of Earth
D. how fast the moon is moving

NARAYAN CHANGDER
210. How much of Earth’s surface is covered
by ocean waters?
A. 71%
B. 75%
A. Polarity
C. 55%
B. Hydrogen Bonds
D. 80%
C. Cohesion
211. Which zone is on the ocean floor?
D. Adhesion
A. photic
B. neritic 215. are flowing streams of water that
move continually through the ocean in a
C. oceanic specific direction.
D. benthic A. Carrots
212. Choose the correct option B. Breakers
C. Currents
D. Tides

216. Tides are caused primarily by related


to the Earth-Moon system.

A. Arctic Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
E. Southern Ocean

213. Which ocean surrounds the continent of


Antarctica?
A. Arctic A. radiance
B. Atlantic B. illumination
C. Pacific C. gravity
D. Southern D. axis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 25

217. What is the study of the origins of life in 222. What is the purpose of echo sounders?
the oceans called? A. to detect submarines

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A. oceanography B. to measure water speed and direction
B. marine biology
C. to study ocean currents
C. marine geology
D. to measure water depth
D. marine ecology
223. Sea level is affected by all EXCEPT which
218. What is the approximate location of G? of the following?
A. ice ages
B. warm periods
C. rotation of earth
D. tectonic forces
A. 100oW, 40oN 224. Which of these marks a volcanic island?
B. 40 oN, 100
C. 40oS, 100oW
D. 40 oN, 100
219. Which two solutes make up the largest
percentage of dissolved material in seawa-
ter? A. B
A. Sodium, Sulfate B. E
B. Chloride, Magnesium C. H
C. Sodium, Chloride D. G
D. Sulfate, Magnesium 225. Tiny algae and animals that float in wa-
220. The method that is used most frequently ter and are carried by waves and currents
to investigate sediment and rock layers of
the sea floor is
A. sound waves (specifically seismic re-
flecting profiling)
B. satellite observation
C. drilling
D. direct observation
221. Select the things that can cause waves.
A. Wind
B. fish A. Plankton
C. landslides B. Benthos
D. the moon C. Nekton
E. earthquakes D. Neritic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 26

226. The origin of deltas is related to: C. Does the density of ocean water in-
A. glacial deposition and the formation of crease over time?
moraines. D. Does the salinity of ocean water de-
B. river deposition of sediments eroded crease over time?
from continents.
229. waves create a large shadow zone
C. glacial erosion and the formation of
troughs and fjords. A. p

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. volcanic activity in coastal regions. B. s
C. sea
227. The Saffir Simpson Scale is used as a
measure to categorize the the intensity of D. none of above
winds that form severe storms and hur-
ricanes force winds over Earth’s oceans. 230. past the shelf break, this part of the con-
Whatcategoryare thestrongest hurricane tinental crust descends downward to the
force winds? deep ocean floor
A. deep ocean trench
B. mid ocean ridge
C. continental shelf
D. continental slope

231. Which is NOT a factor of wave size?


A. Category 1 A. Length of time the wind blows
B. Category 9 B. Temperature of the wind
C. Category 5 C. Distance the wind blows
D. Category 10
D. Speed of the wind
228. Which of the following questions can best
232. Identify the seafloor feature at location
be answered by the data presented in the
2
graph above?

A. Is there a direct relationship between A. continental rise


the density and salinity of ocean water?
B. continental shelf
B. Is there an indirect relationship be-
C. continental slope
tween the density and salinity of ocean
water? D. abyssal plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 27

233. Read the selection from the section A. continental slope


“Physical Oceanography.” These sci-
B. continental shelf
entists investigate ocean temperature,

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waves, tides and currents. They also re- C. abyssal plain
searchthe many ways the ocean interacts
D. sea mount
with Earth’s atmosphere. These interac-
tions have a biginfluence on weather and 238. In general, cold water will
climate systems. Which word from the
selection helps the reader understand the A. rise
meaning of “investigate”? B. sink
A. Ocean
C. remain
B. Temperature
D. evaporate
C. Research
D. Interactions 239. In the Northern Hemisphere, currents are
deflected to the right.
234. an island formed when an underwater
volcano builds up enough lava and ash to A. True
rise above sea level B. False
A. Volcanic Island
B. The Hawaiian Islands 240. The ocean covers nearly 70% of Earth’s
surface. The Northern Hemisphere is
C. Seamount roughly 70% land and 30% water while
D. none of above the Southern Hemisphere is roughly 70%
water and 30% land.
235. The growth of algae in ocean water is lim-
ited by their need for
A. warm ocean currents
B. sunlight
C. dissolved salts
D. sand
236. Which two gases makes up the largest
portion of air?
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen A. True
C. carbon dioxide B. False
D. methane
241. a type of autonomous vehicle
237. What does label A represent in the pic- A. Multibeam Sonar
ture?
B. CTD
C. Buoy
D. Sail drone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 28

242. Which stage does ground water try to re-


turn to the ocean or soak into the ground?

A. Charles Darwin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. James Cook
C. Benjamin Franklin
A. condensation D. Fridtjof Nansen
B. evaporation
247. Which of the following in NOT a NOAA
C. precipitation Mission?
D. run off A. To understand and predict changes in
climate, weather, ocean and coasts;
243. the lowest point of a wave
B. To share weather and climate informa-
A. Thermocline tion with others;
B. Wave C. To conserve and manage coastal and
C. Salinity marine ecosystems and resources.
D. Trough D. To explore outer space and other plan-
ets.
244. Depth refers to
248. Why don’t the oceans look as unhealthy
A. the amount light at a particular part of as they are?
the ocean
A. Because microplastics are difficult to
B. how far down something is see
C. the amount of force that is exerted on B. Because we can’t see the oceans
something
C. Because of the naked eye
D. the amount of heat energy found at a
D. Because we do not care
certain area of the ocean
249. A larval stage of mollusks characterized
245. Wastes produced by agriculture, house- by the presence of a velum?
holds, industry, mining, and other human
activities can end up in
A. groundwater
B. streams and rivers
C. oceans
D. All of these choices

246. This explorer is credited as being the fa-


ther of oceanography, mapping the Pacific
Ocean. A. Nauplius

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 29

B. Veliger 254. Hot spots are responsible for the forma-


C. Get used to it tion of what type of geological feature?

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D. Zooplankton A. Spreading centers
B. Subduction zones
250. What answer choice represents a model
that describes the formation of the solar C. Volcanic islands
system by the contraction of an interstel-
D. Rift valleys
lar dust and/or gas? (From Chapter 1.5)
A. nebular hypothesis 255. Subtidal seagrass beds are among the
B. nebula most productive communities in the oceans
because
C. protoplanets
A. seagrasses, unlike algae, have roots
D. solar system capable of absorbing nutrients from the
E. Proto-Earth sediments.

251. What causes damage in a hurricane? B. all parts of a seagrass including roots
are photosynthetic.
A. Winds
C. seagrasses have no herbivores to eat
B. Flooding
them.
C. Storm Surge
D. All answers are correct.
D. All of the above
256. The first large civilization to travel the
252. Which type of sea water has the lowest
waterways were who?
density?
A. cold with high salinity A. Phoneceans

B. cold with low salinity B. Polynesians


C. warm with low salinity C. Greeks
D. warm with high salinity D. Europeans

253. Which of the following is the result of 257. Who created the first world atlas?
two plates colliding?
A. Ptolemy
B. Aristotle
C. Seats
D. Eratosthenes

258. Wegner used the following as pieces of


evidence

A. ridge A. fit/shape of continents

B. rift B. geologic and fossil


C. trench C. climate
D. plain D. all of the above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 30

259. How much of the southern hemisphere is 264. What do these symbols indicate?
covered by oceans
A. 61%
B. 81%

260. One of the following is NOT one of the


ways sediments originate or are created.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. From the weathering and erosion of A. The number of times a plastic has al-
rocks ready been recycled
B. From the inactivity of living organisms B. The number of times a plastic can be
recycled in the future
C. From volcanic eruptions
C. The type of plastic used
D. From the behavior and movements of
organisms while they were living D. The country where the plastic was
made
E. From chemical processes within H2O
itself 265. Water stored below the Earth’s surface
is called:
261. Surface currents and waves are powered A. Groundwater
by
B. Bogs
A. wind
C. Water in the ground
B. the moon’s gravity D. none of above
C. boats and wind
266. In what step of the scientific method do
D. heat and weather we accept or reject our hypothesis?
A. Experiment
262. Mid-Ocean Ridge is similiar to
B. Conclusion
A. Seamount
C. Hypothesis
B. Wizard Island
D. Observation
C. Stone Mountain
267. Identify
D. The Rocky Mountains

263. Which is true about oceanic crust?


A. It is thinner and less dense than conti-
nental crust.
B. It is thinner and more dense than con-
tinental crust.
A. Tube Sponge
C. It is thicker and more dense than con-
tinental crust. B. Elkhorn Coral
D. It is thicker and less dense than conti- C. Vase Sponge
nental crust. D. Brain Coral

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 31

268. The ocean likely originated from 274. Constructive interference results in larger
A. outgassing, radioactive heating, and waves whereas destructive interference
produces

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icy comets.
B. comets only A. smaller waves
C. outgassing only B. swells
D. radioactive heating only C. rogue waves
269. This measures ocean depth. D. tsunamis
A. Niskin bottle
275. What is the study of living organisms
B. sonar within the ocean called?
C. buoy A. Marine biology
D. gravity cover
B. Botany
270. Which of the following is an herbivore? C. Zoology
A. manatee
D. Biological oceanography
B. dolphin
C. shark 276. What is the term for the horizontal
stream-like movements of water that oc-
D. jellyfish cur at or near the surface of the ocean?
271. The base of the food web in open ocean A. Deep ocean current
ecosystems is:
B. Surface ocean current
A. Mangrove trees
C. Gulf Stream
B. Phytoplankton
C. Sea grass D. Continental deflection

D. Zooplankton 277. What is the majority of Earth’s surface


covered with?
272. How much water on earth is usable for
humans? A. Land
A. 3% B. Freshwater
B. 5% C. Saltwater
C. 1%
D. Ice
D. 2%
278. What is formed when sediment is de-
273. What is Salinity?
posited within a channel when the velocity
A. The amount of Carbon Dioxide in the drops in a wide, shallow channel?
water
A. Oxbow Lake
B. The temperature of the water
B. Delta
C. The amount of dissolved salts in the
water C. Braided Stream
D. The density of the water D. Point Bar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 32

279. Which is the most famous and DEEPEST 285. Piped discharges from local municipal
Trench in the whole ocean wastewater treatment plants
A. The Mariana Trench A. Point
B. Tonga Trench B. Non-Point
C. Kuril-Kamchatka Trench 286. A summer beach is characteristically
D. none of above A. a rocky platform.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. steep and narrow.
280. Trench is similiar to
C. covered with boulders and cobbles.
A. The Grand Canyon
D. broad and covered with sand.
B. The Great Plains
C. Rocky Mountains 287. creates earthquakes
A. transform
D. The Black Hole
B. continental-continental convergent
281. Water is a universal solvent because it
C. oceanic-oceanic convergent
D. continental-continental divergent
A. It can be found anywhere
E. oceanic-oceanic divergent
B. It freezes when it gets cold
288. Who is considered the father of oceanog-
C. floats when frozen
raphy and wrote the first textbook on
D. Dissolves most substances Oceanography “The Physical Geography
of the Sea”?
282. Tidal bulges are always aligned with the

A. sun
B. moon

283. What color of light is absorbed in water


first?
A. Ben Franklin
A. Red
B. Jack Trieste
B. Yellow
C. Matthew Maury
C. Blue
D. Charles Darwin
D. Indigo
289. These forms of pollution can greatly af-
284. What do we call the amount of water va- fect marine life (Choose all that apply)
por in the air? A. insecticide and herbicide runoff
A. humidity B. garbage dumped at sea
B. relative humidity C. untreated sewage from cities
C. land breeze D. excess farm and lawn fertilizer
D. none of the above E. acid rain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 33

290. The gently sloping submerged surface ex- C. Canary current; warm
tending from the shoreline D. Canary current; cold

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A. Mid Ocean Ridge
295. How are seas named based on their geo-
B. Continential Shelf graphic location?
C. Continental Drift A. By their size
D. Seamounts B. By their currents
291. A surface current effects the of C. By their adjacent land or region
nearby land. D. By their shape
A. climate
296. When sailing first began,
B. daily temperature
A. ships stayed in sight of land
C. winds
B. captains sailed across the oceans
D. toast
C. America was discovered
292. An animal cell placed in a hypertonic D. space travel was being considered
(salty) solution will
297. Which of the following statements best
A. Stay the same
describes the conservative constituents of
B. Shrink-get smaller seawater?
C. Swell-get bigger A. Conservative constituents, which in-
D. none of above clude salinity, change very slowly.
B. Conservative constituents are ele-
293. Which marine ecosystems exhibit pat- ments involved in chemical and biological
terns and relationships between biotic and processes that change rapidly.
abiotic factors?
C. Conservative constituents must be
A. Open waters and the deep ocean conserved for future generations.
B. Marine ecosystems have no patterns D. Conservative constituents of seawater
or relationships include gold and other valuable elements
C. All marine ecosystems dissolved in seawater.
D. Estuaries and coral reefs 298. A wetland marsh composed of a mixture
of both salt and freshwater is called a(n):
294. The current labeled 5 is called and it
is

A. estuary
B. fen
A. California Current; cold C. bog
B. Gulf stream; warm D. river

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 34

299. Occurs when high tide meets water flow- 303. Surface currents tend to be currents
ing downstream in a river or river inlet. that are created by
A. high tide A. warm water, differences in density
B. low tide B. cold water, density
C. slack tide C. cold water, winds
D. tidal bore
D. warm water, winds

NARAYAN CHANGDER
300. What do we call the body of water
shown in this picture. It extends from the 304. Select the answer choice that is NOT true
Bay of Fundy in the north all the way down of the Montreal Protocol.
to Cape Cod. A. ratified by all 196 United Nations mem-
bers
B. establishes legally binding controls on
national production and consumption of
ODSs
C. production of ODSs by developed and
developing nations will be almost com-
pletely phased out before the middle of
the 21st century
D. it was amended in 2012 and 2018 with
a concern of navigational safety
A. Gulf of Massachusetts
305. Name the warm ocean current that be-
B. Gulf of Maine gins in the Gulf of Mexico and crosses the
C. Gulf of Cape Cod Atlantic Ocean to northern Europe.
D. Gulf of Mexico A. the Atlantic Current

301. What temperature water is most closely B. the Gulf Stream


associated with formation of deep water C. the Virginian Current
masses?
D. the Europe Stream
A. cold
B. warm 306. We have tides when the sun, moon &
C. tropical Earth form a right angle.

D. uneven A. Neat
B. Neap
302. Oceanic crust is primarily
A. basalt C. Sprite

B. clay minerals D. Spring

C. granite 307. How many MAJOR rivers empty into the


D. carbonate sedimentary rocks bay?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 35

A. Arctic
B. Pacific

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C. Atlantic
D. Southern

312. The force driving the crustal plate move-


ment is believed to be:
A. 2
A. Deep water currents pulling on the
B. 3 ocean basins.
C. 5 B. Convection cells in the upper mantle
D. 6 and the tug of the descending plates.

308. What happens to the density of water C. The pull of the sun and the moon.
when the temperature increases? D. Magnetism.
A. Increases 313. Which of the following does NOT play a
B. Decreases large role in the movement of deep water
C. stay the same currents?
D. none of above

309. Objects that have low specific heat


warms up
A. Quickly/quickly
B. Slowly/slowly A. Density
C. Slowly/quickly B. Temperature
D. none of above C. Salinity
310. the measure of the amount of dissolved D. Coriolis Effect
salts in a given amount of liquid
314. How much time it takes for a wave to
A. Thermocline pass a fixed point is
B. Wave A. Wave Period
C. Salinity B. Wave Frequency
D. Trough C. Convection Current
311. The ocean is nearest to the South D. Ocean Current
Pole.
315. Which of the following does not affect
surface currents?
A. Density
B. Global Winds
C. Continental Deflection
D. Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 36

316. A student claims that a large percentage 320. The vertical distance from the crest of a
of water on Earth is immediately available wave to the trough
to drink. Is he correct? Why or why not? A. Wave Period
B. Amplitude
C. Wave Height
D. Wavelength

NARAYAN CHANGDER
321. Use the diagram above to identify the
feature at location C
A. He is correct because 2% of the water
on Earth is immediately available to drink.
B. He is correct because 97% of the wa-
ter on Earth is immediately available to
drink.
C. He is incorrect because only 1% of the A. Abyssal Plain
water on Earth is immediately available to
drink. B. Mid-Ocean Ridge

D. He is incorrect because only 2% of the C. Trench


water on Earth is immediately available to D. Continental Slope
drink.
322. Refer to the diagram above. High and
317. Upwelling is the process where warm, low tides occur twice daily at regular inter-
nutrient rich water from deep in the ocean vals. Which of the following letters indi-
rises to the surface. cates where high tide is occurring and best
explains why? (AKS 3e, DOK2)
A. False
B. True

318. Classify the organism:Clam


A. Porifera
B. Cnidarian
C. Mollusk A. Letters B and D indicate high tides,
D. Crustacean where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the Coriolis Effect.
319. What is the best definition of animal B. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
adaptation? where the tidal bulges would occur be-
A. Changes to an animal’s diet. cause of the strong winds blowing across
the oceans.
B. Characteristics that help animals sur-
vive. C. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
C. Characteristics of an animal’s habitat.
cause of the gravitational pull between
D. Skills learned in order to hunt. the Earth and the moon.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 37

D. Letters A and C indicate high tides, 327. Which regions are thought to be the most
where the tidal bulges would occur be- level places on Earth?
cause of the differences in density and

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A. mid-ocean ridges
salinity of the ocean water.
B. abyssal plains
323. The shape and size of an organism are C. deep-ocean trenches
based on its resistance to the water.
D. continental slopes
A. True
328. Deep-ocean currents are driven by
B. False
A. differences in soil
324. what causes currents B. differences in the water’s density,
A. wind and differences in density C. differences in nutrients
B. moon D. None of the Above
C. sun 329. division or province of the ocean with ho-
D. ocean animals mogeneous characteristics
A. zone
325. Earth rotates on its axis, which deflects
air towards the right in the Northern Hemi- B. kingdom
sphere and left in the Southern Hemi- C. hierarchy
sphere. What is this process called?
D. none of above
A. The Coriolis Effect
330. Label D
B. The Axis Effect
C. The Greenhouse Effect
D. This doesn’t happen
Explanation:The correct answer is the
Coriolis Effect. This phenomenon occurs
due to Earth’s rotation on its axis, caus- A. continental slope
ing air to be deflected towards the right B. continental shelf
in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the C. abyssal plain
Southern Hemisphere. The other options,
the Axis Effect and the Greenhouse Effect, D. mid ocean ridge
are not related to this process, and the
331. It’s an eclipse
statement that this doesn’t happen is in-
correct. A. eclipse
B. equinox
326. Which of these increases as a submarine
dives deeper into the ocean? C. perigee

A. The number of plants in the water D. none of above

B. the freshness of the water 332. The apparent deflection of air masses to
the right or left (depending on latitude) as
C. the water temperature
they move from one latitude to another is
D. the water pressure called the

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 38

A. Coriolis effect D. pressure and temperature are the only


B. Coriolis effect factors controlling methane hydrate for-
mation and stability
C. Cyclonic effect
D. none of above 338. The total amount of solid material dis-
solved in water, usually sodium chloride.
333. The southern hemisphere is almost com- A. Solution
pletely covered by water (81%).
B. Solute

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. true
C. Salinity
B. false
D. none of above
334. The measurement from crest to crest or
trough to trough in a wave is 339. The large flat region of the ocean floor is
the
A. Crest
A. abysal plateaus
B. Wave Height
B. hilltops
C. Trough
C. abyssal plain
D. Wavelength
D. guyouts
335. Which will most likely result if there is
increased upwelling in a coastal area? 340. The salts in the sea come from

A. more aquatic life A. weathering and erosion or rocks.

B. less nutrients in the water B. acid rain.

C. higher water temperatures C. particles falling from space.

D. fewer nitrates D. organismis that live in the sea.

336. Process that allows growth for many 341. Begins at the end of the continental mar-
crustaceans during which the exoskeleton gin
is shed A. Deep-ocean basin
A. molting B. Continental Rise
B. cytokinesis C. Abyssal Plain
C. osmosis D. Trench
D. peeling 342. Which is not a major ocean?
337. According to the National Energy Tech- A. Atlantic
nology Laboratory (2017), what answer B. Artic
choice best describes a methane hydrate?
C. Indian
A. a naturally-occurring clathrate in
which a host lattice of water-ice encloses D. Pacific
guest molecules of methane 343. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
B. methane molecules are chemically textbook, about what percent of sunlight
bound to water molecules reaches the Earth’s surface?
C. frozen methane crystals A. 5%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 39

B. 45% 348. What is ocean acidification?


C. 50% A. The neutralization of the Earth’s

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oceans due to the release of carbon diox-
D. 55% ide into the atmosphere.
344. There are processes that make up sea B. The ongoing decrease in the pH of the
floor sediment. Earth’s oceans caused by the uptake of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. 2
C. The increase in the pH of the Earth’s
B. 4 oceans caused by the uptake of carbon
C. 4 dioxide from the atmosphere.
D. The process of removing carbon diox-
D. 5
ide from the Earth’s oceans, leading to a
rise in pH.
345. The El Nino Southern Oscillation can be
best described as 349. Where are you walking when you are
A. variation in wind speed over the Pacific wading in the ocean?
Ocean
B. wind speed and wind direction differ-
ences along the equator
C. the relationship between sea sur-
face temperature & changing atmospheric
pressure
A. Ocean Trench
D. relative changes between two differ-
ent atmospheric pressure systems at high B. Abyssal Plain
altitude C. Continental Slope
D. Continental Shelf
346. Animals in the intertidal zone must be
able to do all of the following EXCEPT 350. As depth increases, density
A. Avoid being swept away by waves A. increases
B. Perform photosynthesis to make en- B. decreases
ergy
351. The Greeks were the first to use math to
C. Deal with changing salt levels in water navigate and they were also some of the
D. Deal with dry conditions during low first to use
tide A. Canvas
B. A Compass
347. how much is it?
C. Maps
A. window
D. the stars
B. 2
352. This region of the ocean floor gently
C. how is it?
slopes and extends from the shoreline
D. bagoooooyyyyy (beach) towards the deep ocean basin.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 40

A. Continental Shelf C. Point break


B. Seamount D. Beach Break
C. Continental Basin
D. Continental Rise 357. What happens to the temperature of
ocean water as you descend to the ocean
353. Why do tsunami waves get so big? floor?
A. Temperature does not change.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Temperature increases.
C. Temperature decreases then in-
creases.
D. Temperature decreases.
A. Seismic energy is released in the wa-
ter 358. Extremophile environment is an example
of
B. The further the waves go from the epi-
centre, the bigger they get A. bacteria
C. As the waves get closer to shore, B. archaea
friction lowers the speed but raises the
height C. animal

D. none of above D. protist

354. The study of humpback whales 359. The tidal force causes Earth, and its wa-
A. Biological ter, to (a) on the side closest to the Moon
and the side farthest from the moon.
B. Chemical
C. Physical A. a bulge
D. Ocean Engineering B. recede

355. What answer choice best describes the C. get cold


term ecotourism? D. get warm
A. any type of tourism that involves the
E. rotate counterclockwise
ocean
B. any type of fishing F. rotate clockwise
C. none of the answer choices listed
360. Upwellings are so important to sea life
D. focuses on visiting and experiencing because they-
wildlife and natural environments
A. bring nutrients to the surface.
356. What break am I? I break only right or
left. I usually am very long in distance and B. warm the surface water.
can break on reef but am best on sand. C. cool the surface water.
A. No break D. take harmful material to the ocean bot-
B. Reef break tom.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 41

361. Choose the correct labels for the zones B. the sun’s rays reach their highest point
labeled A, B, and C above. above the equator

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C. the sun’s rays shine most directly on
the equator
D. they occur in March and September
366. What do ocean currents carry that MOST
affects climates?
A. heat
B. fish
C. ships
A. A:sunlight, B:midnight, C:trench D. salt
B. A:photic, B:aphotic; C:benthic 367. The bulge of water on the side of the
C. A:photic, B:aphotic; C:benthic Earth closest to the moon produces
D. A:continental shelf, B:continental rise, A. high tide
C:abyssal plain B. low tide
362. What causes vertical ocean currents? C. neap tide
A. The phase of the moon. D. spring tide

B. The gravitational attraction of the sun 368. How do convection currents transfer en-
ergy?
C. Commercial boating activities.
A. Surface currents move warm water
D. The temperature and salinity of ocean
around, heating up water it comes in con-
water
tact with and transferring energy
363. What is the effect of temperature on the B. Deep currents move water along the
density of seawater? ocean floor and the movement heats up
A. Higher temperature increases density the water, transferring energy
B. Higher temperature decreases density C. Currents are propelled by wind on the
surface and as the waves crash on the
C. Temperature has no effect on density shore the surface water goes back into
D. none of above the ocean where deep currents move it
364. Older lithosphere is destroyed in associa- D. Surface water absorbs energy from
tion with the sun, currents carry it to colder re-
gions, it sinks and travels to areas where
A. deep-sea trenches warmer water moves away so it can rise
B. fracture zones again
C. spreading centers 369. The deep zone has the
D. hydrothermal vents A. warmest and saltiest waters
365. All of the following are true about B. coldest and less salty waters
equinox events except C. coldest and saltiest waters
A. the length of day and night are equal D. warmest and less salty waters

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 42

370. Use the image to identify letter B of bar- A. Trench


rier islands: B. Seamount
C. Volcanic Island
D. Continental Shelf
A. Beach 374. The strait of Gibraltar is between Spain
B. Dune and Morocco.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Forest A. True
D. Meadow B. False
E. Marsh
375. Active continental margins
371. The mechanism by which water deep A. are located near a trench
within Earth’s interior is brought to the
B. are found on the west coast
surface is
A. volcanism C. Have narrow beaches and sharp cliffs

B. upwelling D. All of the above

372. Would you expect California ocean to be 376. What is climate change?
warmer or cooler than the Atlantic ocean A. A change in the global atmosphere
on the East Coast? caused mostly from an increase of water
vapor from burning fossil fuels.
B. A change in global temperatures
caused mostly from an increase of car-
bon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.
C. A change in the global ocean caused
mostly from an increase of fish from burn-
A. The same because they are on the ing fossil fuels.
same latitude
D. A change in the global rain forest
B. Cooler because the current comes caused mostly from an increase of poi-
from Arctic sonous smoke from burning fossil fuels.
C. Warmer because the current comes
from Equator 377. Phytoplankton are -like organisms.
D. Much colder A. Animal

373. What is “G” B. Vertebrate


C. Plant
D. Invertebrate

378. True or False:Columbus touched mainland


USA
A. True
B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 43

379. What is the relationship between the


amount of available dissolved oxygen and
level of water quality?

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A. There is more dissolved oxygen in the
water when the water quality is high
B. There is more dissolved oxygen in the
water when the water quality is low
C. There is little dissolved oxygen in the
water when the water quality is high
D. There is more dissolved oxygen in the A. Extinction
water when the temperature of the water
B. Toxin Accumulation
is warm.
C. Pollution
380. How are deep ocean trenches formed? D. Biomagnification
A. They’re formed by two tectonic plates 384. A trench forms at a boundary.
spreading, in a process called abduction
A. convergent
B. They’re formed by undersea earth- B. divergent
quakes opening up crevasses on the
C. transform
ocean floor
D. vertical
C. They’re formed by one tectonic plate
sliding under another tectonic plate, in a 385. Piloted first circumnavigation of the
process called subduction world, finished by Juan Sebastian Elcano
D. They were once canyons on dry A. Ferdinand Magellan
land that became submerged when the B. Basque da Gama
glaciers melted C. James Cook
D. John Harrison
381. Animal-like plankton
A. zooplankton 386. The Gulf Stream affects the climate of

B. phytoplankton
A. California
382. The amount and type of dissolved salts B. Alaska
in water is called C. Great Britain
A. saltyness D. Africa

B. salinity 387. Which of the following does NOT create


an ocean current.
C. salt percentage
A. differences in temperature
D. solution
B. amount of nutrients
383. Identify the process shown in this dia- C. wind patterns
gram. D. differences in salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 44

388. Deep currents are caused by a change in- 394. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of
A. wind a

B. temperature A. divergent plate boundary

C. density B. convergent plate boundary (continent-


continent)
D. salinity
C. transform fault boundary
389. What war technology has been used in
D. convergent plate boundary (continent-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
Oceanography?
oceanic)
A. Canoes and maps
395. Soil can be a mixture of many different
B. Radar and Computers
things including organic and inorganic sub-
C. Sonar and Magnetometers stances. Which would be considered an in-
D. Submarines and Satellites organic substance?
A. clay
390. What are the products of photosynthe-
sis? B. decaying plants
A. Tree C. decaying animals
B. Sunlight D. water
C. Hydrogen 396. What is the relationship between density
D. Oxygen and glucose and temperature?

391. What zone was bioluminescent organ- A. Cold water is denser than warm water
isms were first noted? B. Warm water is denser than cold water
A. Mesopelagic C. Warm and cold water have equal den-
B. Bathypelagic sities
C. Hadalpelagic D. The density of water is not affected by
temperature.
D. Abyssopelagic
397. Which of the following is a point source
392. Particles of organic or inorganic mat-
of pollution?
ter that accumulate loose, unconsolidated
form are called: A. A factory with large pipe spilling chem-
icals into a river
A. Hydrologic Cycle
B. A garbage floating in the middle of a
B. Metamorphic Rocks
lake
C. Sediments
C. A waste water purification plant
D. Igneous Rocks
D. A drainage ditch along the side of a
393. Scientist study and in the ocean. road.
A. plants, animals 398. About how much of the Earth’s water is
B. bikes, planes saltwater?
C. trains, cars A. 1%
D. cats, dogs B. 75%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 45

C. 3% D. It is thicker and less dense than


D. 97% oceanic crust.

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399. What are the type of creatures that live 404. ocean zone that consists of the ocean
off the dead and decaying sea bed. floor (this includes the seafloor on the con-
A. predators tinental shelf and the deep ocean floor)
B. scavengers
C. hunters
D. you
400. Geographers have identified how many
major oceans?
A. 3
B. 4 A. neritic zone
C. 5 B. benthic zone
D. 6 C. intertidal zone
401. Gyres are D. shore or breach
A. Deep ocean currents that flow in a
clockwise pattern 405. What is relative humidity?
B. Surface currents that flow in a circular A. humidity that is related to other humid-
pattern ity
C. Deep ocean currents that bring nutri- B. condensation
ents from the benthic zone up near the sur-
C. clouds
face
D. Surface currents that periodically D. the amount of water in the air com-
change direction pared to the amount of water the air can
hold-a ratio
402. Who was the first to circumnavigate the
world? 406. Which ocean is the smallest?
A. Columbus A. Pacific
B. Magellan B. Atlantic
C. Perry
C. Southern
D. Thompson
D. Indian
403. Which is true about continental crust?
A. It is thinner and more dense than 407. Which ocean borders West Africa?
oceanic crust. A. Atlantic Ocean
B. It is thinner and less dense than B. Pacific Ocean
oceanic crust.
C. Southern Ocean
C. It is thicker and more dense than
oceanic crust. D. Indian Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 46

408. Which volcanic area formed the Hawaiian 413. This image is of
islands?
A. Subduction zones
B. Convergent boundary
C. Hot Spot
D. Divergent boundary

NARAYAN CHANGDER
409. What is tidal range? A. Convergent Boundary
A. the difference between low and high B. Transform Boundary
tide C. Divergent Boundary
B. the distance from the crest of one D. none of above
wave to the crest of the next wave
414. A place where salt and fresh water mix
C. the time between morning tide and is
evening tide
A. an estuary
D. the distance from one trough to the
B. a turbidity current
next trough
C. a mid-ocean ridge
410. This term describes currents that occur at D. none of above
great depths in the ocean.
415. Tides are the regular rise and fall of ocean
A. deep ocean currents water.
B. surface currents A. True
C. eddies B. False
D. gyres 416. Where is karst topography mostly found
in Virginia?
411. Who was the first European to sail in the
Pacific Ocean? A. coastal plain region
B. valley and ridge region
A. Ponce de Leon
C. piedmont region
B. Balboa
D. blue ridge region
C. Cortex
417. The two technological innovations found
D. Coronado
in Chinese ships by the mid-140o’s were
the:
412. What affects the salinity in the ocean?
Check all that apply. A. Sail and the compass
A. The fish living there B. The central rudder and the steam tur-
bine
B. Run off from the land
C. the central rudder and watertight com-
C. Evaporation partments
D. Precipitation D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 47

418. What is the name of the underwater re- 423. Biogenous?


search facility in the Florida Keys? A. made from chemical precipitates in the

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A. Aquatics sea water
B. Atlantis B. from the shells and bones of living
things
C. Aquarius
C. from the land, travels down streams
D. Astrobright and rivers to the ocean
419. Blue Marlin D. very fine sediment from outer space
origins
A. E. sediments from volcanic activity

424. Biotic factors of an ecosystem are:


B.
A. non-living
B. plants
C.
C. living thing
D. soil
D.
425. What is the steepest part of the continen-
420. Which of the following are factors that tal margin?
impact the density of water? A. continental shelf
A. Temperature B. abyssal plain
B. Salinity C. continental slope
C. Depth (pressure) D. mid-ocean ridge
D. Biodiversity 426. Oceanography is interdisciplinary
E. Distance from shoreline A. True
B. False
421. Protoearth was than Earth today.
A. smaller 427. The gradual increase in density as depth
increases is the
B. greener
A. halocline
C. the same
B. pycnocline
D. larger
C. metacline
422. Who charted the South Pacific and coasts D. thermocline
of New Zealand, Australia and Northwest
North America? 428. SCIENCE

A. Maury A. A particular discipline dealing with


measurable or systematic principles
B. Cook rather than intuition or natural ability.
C. Muller B. The periodic change of the sea level.
D. Magellan C. Something unexplainable

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 48

D. A building where professional duties 434. How many independent variables does a
are performed. good experiment have?
E. An established organization, which A. 1
dedicated to education, public service, or B. 2
the care of the destitute.
C. 3
429. What do we call the periodic rise and fall D. unlimited
of the ocean level that occurs on the shore

NARAYAN CHANGDER
twice daily? 435. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
southern hemisphere moves
A. Tides
A. clockwise
B. Waves
B. counter-clockwise
C. Currents
C. both
D. Coriolis Effect
D. neither
430. What is a deep, steep-sided canyon in the
ocean floor? 436. Which subfield of oceanography focuses
on preservation of life?
A. seamount
A. physical
B. trench
B. conservation
C. continental rise
C. engineering
D. continental slope
D. chemical
431. If the Earth did not rotate, air at the Equa-
437. The three types of ocean movements are:
tor would simply
A. Tides
A. Sink and move toward the poles.
B. Waves
B. Rise and move toward the poles.
C. Winds
C. Stay stationary.
D. Currents
D. None of the above.
438. What causes the ocean tides on Earth?
432. The size of ocean waves are affected by
all of the following except A. The gravity of the moon

A. Wind Speed B. The gravity of the sun

B. Duration of Wind Speed C. The gravitational pull and interaction


of the Earth, moon and the sun
C. Fetch
D. none of above
D. Salinity
439. anything that contaminates the
433. rising of deep water to the surface air/environment
A. Continental Shelf A. adhesion
B. Upwelling B. solvent
C. Seamount C. pollution
D. Thermohaline Circulation D. hydrogen bond

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 49

440. Location D is located at which coordi- A. pollution


nates? B. salt water

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C. seagulls
D. none of above

444. Which of the following does not affect


salinity?

A. 30w, 90w
B. 90w, 30w
C. 10 oN, 40
D. 30 oN, 900

441. According to your textbook (Wohlers et A. precipitation


al., 2006), what answer choice best de- B. river run-off
scribes what potential resources specifi-
cally exist at hydrothermal vents in marine C. evaporation
muds? D. tides
A. magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and mag-
445. what’s a barometer used for?
nesium sulfate (MgSO4)
A. measure air pressure
B. copper, nickel, and cobalt
B. measure the temperature
C. lead, zinc, copper, iron, silver, cad-
mium, and sulfur C. measure the distance
D. sodium chloride D. none of these

442. A great example of a continental- 446. What type of sediment do we expect to


continental boundary is the mountains. find on tropical shelves?
A. Himalayan Mountains A. Calcarious biogenous sediments
B. Appalachian Mountains B. River deposited terrigenous sedi-
C. Andes Mountains ments
D. Rocky Mountains C. Glacial till and ice-rafted sediments
D. none of above
443. What have scientists learned is a problem
in the ocean? 447. As you go deeper in the ocean, what hap-
pens to pressure?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It stays relatively the same
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 50

448. part of the shore that is below water at 453. Which is NOT true about estuaries?
high tide and above water at low tide. A. They protect coastal areas
B. They filter pollutants
C. They are nesting grounds for migra-
tory species
D. They increase erosion
454. Its name comes from the word meaning

NARAYAN CHANGDER
peace
A. salinity A. Arctic
B. intertidal zone B. Atlantic
C. neritic zone C. Indian
D. continental shelf D. Pacific

449. As you travel deeper in the ocean 455. Which is the aphotic zone?

A. Temperature increases
B. Light increases
C. Pressure decreases
D. Temperature decreases
450. Which sea creature has the largest brain
and is thought to be the most intelligent A. F
invertebrate?
B. G
A. Whale Shark
C. C
B. Viper
D. D
C. Narwhal
E. E
D. Octopus
456. Where, through the year, is the greatest
451. Sunlight may be blocked by which of the total oceanic primary productivity?
following in a pond?
A. in the tropic zone
A. bacteria
B. in the temperate zone
B. algae blooms
C. in the polar zone
C. fish
D. productivity is about equal at all lati-
D. none of above tudes
452. What is the process by which water 457. The movement of deep, cold, and
changes from a liquid to a gas called? nutrient-rich water to the surface is called:
A. evaporation A. surface current
B. melting B. upwelling
C. sublimation C. deep current
D. condensation D. ocean current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 51

458. Micrometeorites are an example of which B. the autmunal equinox


of the following sediment types? C. a summer solstice

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A. Biogenous D. a winter solstice
B. Hydrogenous
464. Fixed buoys can track
C. lithogenous
A. wave height
D. cosmogenous B. wind speed
459. What is the correct order, largest to C. temperature
smallest, of Earth’s major oceans? D. animal migrations
A. Indian, Atlantic, Pacific
465. How fast a wave travels is
B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian A. Wave Period
C. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian B. Convection Current
D. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic C. Wave Frequency
460. Why do we know so little about the twi- D. Wave Speed
light zone?
466. Which statement best describes why fos-
A. It only ran for five seasons. sils of the same land-dwelling species
B. It’s difficult to study and exceedingly have been discovered in both South Amer-
large. ica and Africa?
C. Everything we send to it disappears. A. The organism migrated to two conti-
nents
D. Nothing can reach it.
B. The organisms were separated by the
E. None of the above. formation of new mountain ranges
461. Abudant life teems on the C. The organisms became extinct due to
climate change on these continents
A. Abyssal plain
D. These organisms once lived on one
B. Trenches large landmass that later split into two
C. Seamounts continents
D. Continental shelf 467. seamounts are undersea
462. What happens to the density of seawater A. volcanoes
hen the salinity increases?(assuming the B. crabs
temperature stays the same)
C. trenches
A. Stays the same D. Memphis
B. increases
468. which factor does not influence wave
C. decreases height
D. none of above A. speed of the wind
463. During a summer solstice the America, B. distance over which the wind blows
the southern hemisphere experiences C. length of time the wind blows
A. a vernal equinox D. the amount of wind blowing

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 52

469. Floats are underwater vessels which can 476. In 1735 what invention was made by
be remotely operated or carry people to John Harrison of England?
the deepest areas of the ocean. A. Chronometer
A. true
B. Compass
B. false
C. Sounding machine
470. In which direction do most warm currents D. SONAR
move?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Away from the Earth’s poles 477. particles of mineral or rock that settle to
the seafloor
B. Away from Earth’s equator
A. longshore current
C. Away from cold currents
B. sediment
D. In the same direction as waves
C. longshore transport
471. The densest compositional layer is the:
D. littoral drift
A. Inner core
E. swell
B. Outer core
C. Core 478. What do ocean currents move around the
world?
D. Mesosphere

472. Are deep currents effected by wind.


A. No
B. Yes

473. Which of the following is correct when


convection occurs in the atmosphere?
A. Cool air rises and warm air sinks. A. Gases
B. Cool air sinks and warm air rises. B. Nutrients
C. Cool and warm air sink. C. Heat Energy
D. Cool and warm air rise. D. All of these
474. Which creates bigger breaking of waves 479. According to your textbook (Wohlers
on the coastline? et al., 2006), what answer choice best
A. rocky bottom shore describes why ferromanganese nodules,
methane hydrates, and offshore phospho-
B. sandy/sediment bottom shore
rite deposits used as resources?
475. Which research vessel reached the bot- A. the cost of recovery exceeds the worth
tom of the Mariana Trench? of the minerals
A. HOV Alvin B. it’s too expensive to recover them and
B. ROV Jason they’re relatively dangerous
C. The Fram C. uneconomical to exploit
D. Trieste D. ALL of the answer choices listed

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 53

480. Organisms that make their own food are 486. What makes rogue waves especially dan-
called gerous?

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A. producers A. They travel great distances.
B. herbivores B. They are driven by winds.

C. omnivores C. They cannot be predicted.


D. They occur in warm waters.
D. none of above
487. Beginning 25, 000 years ago, the Polyne-
481. Levels of dissolved gases and nutrients sians began to colonize the islands of the
in seawater does NOT vary by location.
A. true A. Mediterranean Sea
B. false B. Indian Ocean
C. South and Western Pacific Ocean
482. The color of light that is absorbed least
by the ocean is D. Atlantic Ocean
A. Indigo 488. able to hold a lot of heat without becom-
B. Blue ing that much warmer
A. evaporating cooling
C. Violet
B. high heat capacity
D. Red
C. impervious cover
483. Cetaceans move their tails up and down D. deep ocean currents
while fishes move theirs side to side.
489. How does salinity affect ocean currents?
A. True
A. It does not affect them at all.
B. False
B. It creates a warmer environment.
484. The Epipelagic zone is C. It affects density and and causes con-
vection.
A. where people go to watch whales.
D. It makes them stronger.
B. the water found in deep ocean
trenches. 490. Which section represents the abyssal
C. the sunlit top layer of the ocean. plain?

D. none of above

485. In the process of lithification, sediments:


A. are subducted into the mantle at a
deep trench.
B. are converted into solid rock.
A. Section 3
C. slip into the center of the mid-ocean
ridges and become new seafloor. B. Section 1
D. are uplifted to form the edges of conti- C. Section 2
nents. D. Section 5

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 54

491. What type of tides would this arrange- 496. Read the paragraph from the section
ment of earth-moon-sun create? “Oceanographers Are In Demand.” The
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is a gov-
ernment group that studies job trends. It
says jobopportunities for oceanographers
are expected to grow by 14 percent over
the next 10 years. Theneed for energy
and environmental protection will create
more jobs in the field.Which answer choice

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. neap tide is an accurate explanation of what this
B. spring tide paragraph means?
C. new moon tide A. The number of oceanographers who
are working will go down slightly in the
D. full moon tide
next few years.
492. Which of the following was used during B. People who are interested in oceanog-
early exploration of the oceans to collect raphy will have a good chance of getting a
sediment samples? job in thefuture.
A. Dredge C. Energy needs will mean that it will be
harder to get a job as an oceanographer
B. Gravity Corer
10 years from now.
C. Long Line
D. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
D. Rotary Corer will begin forcing more people to study
E. Seiche Disk oceanography in school.
497. Which of the following correctly lists the
493. Winds blowing across the surface of the
world’s oceans from largest to smallest?
oceans and seas cause them to move in rip-
ples called A. Indian, Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic
A. tides B. Pacific, Arctic, Southern, Atlantic

B. waves C. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic


D. Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian
C. current
D. motion 498. This diagram represents the

494. What is the largest species of dolphin?


A. Bottlenose Dolphin
B. Amazon River Dolphin
C. Orca
D. Spinner Dolphin

495. How does salinity change with evapora- A. carbon cycle


tion? B. water cycle
A. decreases C. nitrogen cycle
B. increases D. phosphorus cycle

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 55

499. Which of the following changes on a daily 504. As you know, Earth is layered inside. The
basis? layers have different sizes and densities.
How do geologists knows this?

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A. beach
B. coast A. From drilling and digging down into the
various layers.
C. shore
B. From observing the characteristics of
D. shoreline lava and gas issuing from volcanic vents.
500. What percent of the ocean is made of dis- C. From observing the transit times
solved solids? through the Earth of waves generated by
A. 99 % large earthquakes.
B. 92 % D. From comparisons with drill cores
taken by robot spacecraft on Mars and
C. 3.5 %
Venus.
D. 96.5 %
505. Identify the current labelled J in the fig-
501. Mixed-gas diving is typically used for ure.
A. dives in very cold water
B. dives in very warm water
C. extremely lengthy dives
D. extremely deep dives.

502. Which of the following contains silica


(SiO2)? A. Kuroshio Current
A. Diatoms B. Labrador Current
B. Foraminiferans C. Mozambique Current
C. Radiolarians D. North Atlantic Current
D. Phosphorites
506. The difference between the highest high
503. What is the name of the largest and most tide and the lowest low tide is known as
powerful surface current in the North At- the
lantic Ocean? A. tidal bore
B. wave period
C. wavelength
D. tidal range

507. How many oceans are there in the world?


A. Gulf of Mexico A. 1
B. Pacific Steam B. 6
C. Gulf Stream C. 5
D. Atlantic Ocean steam D. 4

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 56

508. Seawater freezes fresh water. 514. Before 1768 which claimed the most
A. at a higher temperature than lives at sea?

B. at a lower temperature than A. Scurvy


C. at the same temperature as B. disease
D. none of above C. gunfire
509. Which group of algae contains the larges D. shipwreck

NARAYAN CHANGDER
species of seaweed, including kelp and sar-
gassum? 515. Which layer of the ocean experiences a
rapid change in density with depth?
A. brown algae
A. deep zone
B. green algae
C. purple algae B. thermocline

D. red algae C. pycnocline

510. BEACHES ARE MADE OF WHAT? D. mixed zone

A. MILLIONS OF TINY QUARTZ PARTI- 516. Which of the following are parts of a
CLES transverse wave?
B. SAND A. Crest
C. DIRT
B. Trough
D. ROCKS
C. Resting Position
511. Spring tide occurs about D. Rarefaction
A. twice per month
E. Compression
B. once per year
C. twice per year 517. Which of the following was an outcome
of the 2011 Japanese tsunami?
D. none of above
A. there was a nuclear power plant disas-
512. tiny algae and animals that float in water ter
and are carried by waves and currents
B. 18, 000 people died
A. Plankton
C. 300 billion dollars in damage
B. Food Web
D. all of these
C. bioluminescence
D. none of above 518. If plankton were to die, what animals
would be affected? (Choose all that ap-
513. What factors affect the density of seawa-
ply)
ter?
A. Air A. Whales

B. Water Temperature B. Polar Bear


C. Ocean C. Sea Turtles
D. Salinity D. Jellyfish

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 57

519. Wave size is affect by 525. Which of the following are benefits of
A. Wind Speed both forest buffers and wetlands? (Check
all that apply.)

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B. Fetch
A. You provide habitat
C. Time Wind Lasts
B. Reduces sediment pollution caused by
D. All of these erosion
520. What makes overfishing a problem for C. Concentrates toxic pollutants
ocean?
D. Filters and cleans runoff
A. Regulating what people eat is a large
job. 526. A fathom is equal to
B. Regulating fish markets is a large job. A. 4 feet
C. Regulating restaurants is a large job. B. 6 feet
D. Regulating fishing boats is a large job. C. 8 feet
521. The Lithosphere consists of only the D. 12 feet
Earth’s crust.
527. What is infiltration?
A. True
A. The process by which water sinks into
B. False the ground
522. Which input/output is most important? B. The zone where there are still air
A. Hydrothermal vents because the en- spaces left between the particles.
tire ocean volume may circulate through C. The process by which water vapor
them every 3 million years turns into liquid water and forms fog or
B. Absorption, precipitation, and biologi- clouds.
cal processes D. The process by which water does not
C. Sea spray sink into the ground, but rather travels
along the surface.
D. Runoffs
528. What causes the temperature to increase
523. Hydroelectric power produces electricity
in the stratosphere?
using
A. Nitrogen
A. Wind
B. Ozone
B. Sunlight
C. Moving water C. Water Vapor

D. Dung D. carbon dioxide

524. Deep ocean currents travel from 529. Why is pollution so bad?
A. the equator to the poles A. It harms the environment
B. the poles to the equator B. It harms animals
C. south to north C. All of the above
D. east to west D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 58

530. Snow melts in parking lots and carries 535. What type of tides will happen when the
oils into nearby waterways. This is an ex- moon and the sun are lined up?
cellent example of
A. Spring
B. Neap

536. Tides rise and fall about a day.


A. once

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. monthly

A. Point pollution from runoff C. twice


B. Non-Point pollution from runoff D. none of above
C. Non-Point pollution from evaporation
537. Which of the following is a way to con-
D. Non-Point Pollution from condensation serve water?
531. Organisms that cannot make their own A. stop washing
food and must obtain energy from exter-
nal sources are called B. use cold water
A. autotrophs C. fix a leaky faucet
B. heterotrophs D. water the lawn each day
C. thylakoids
538. Between which two days was the great-
D. plants
est decrease in push-ups?
532. Who was the documentary host and cre-
ator of the “Undersea World of Jacques
Cousteau?
A. Jacques Cousteau
B. Jacques Piccard
C. Sylvia Earle
D. Robert Ballard A. Friday and Saturday
533. A turbidity current is B. Tuesday and Wednesday
A. a ocean surface current C. Sunday and Monday
B. a hazy area of water
D. Thursday and Friday
C. an underwater landslide
D. an underwater volcano 539. The states of matter in which water ex-
ists is primarily determined by
534. Displacement is used to calculate
A. temperature
A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength B. density

C. Frequency C. salinity
D. Wave Speed D. pH

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 59

540. What is formed as turbidity currents drop 544. True or False:An active continental shelf
sediment? will have a large amount of sand built up

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A. continental rise A. True
B. continental slope B. False
C. abyssal plains
545. Neap tides occur when the Earth, Sun and
D. deep sea trenches Moon are
541. Animal plankton A. At a 90 degree angle
A. Nauplius B. In a straight line
B. Veliger 546. A rhythmic movement that carries energy
C. Get used to it through matter or space is
D. Zooplankton A. Wave
B. Wind
542. Identify #2 and #10
C. Tide
D. Current

547. How do cold ocean currents affect the


A. Continental shelf coastal areas along which they flow?
B. Continental slope A. The cold currents cause the climate to
C. Continental rise be warmer.
D. Seamount B. The cold currents cause the climate to
be hotter
E. Rift Valley
Explanation: C. The cold currents do not effect the cli-
mate
543. How long can Emperor Penguins stay un- D. The cold currents cause the climate to
derwater? be cooler

548. It is believed that if all of the polar ice


caps melt and release fresh water into the
ocean, which of the following will happen?
(Choose all that apply)
A. The sea level would fall
B. The sea level would rise
C. There would be coastal flooding
around the globe

A. about 2 minutes D. The sea level would not change but


the temperature of the water would get
B. about 12 minutes colder as all of the cool water mixed in
C. about 15 minutes E. The sea level would not change and nei-
D. about 20 minutes ther would the temperature of the water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 60

549. An area that sheds water into a near by B. The gravitational pull of the Sun and
lake or river Moon on the Earth.
A. watershed C. The daily change of temperature as the
B. aquifer Earth rotates
C. water table D. The angle of the Earth caused by some-
D. recharge zone thing hitting the Earth.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
550. Which geological feature might be found 555. Explain the concept of ocean salinity and
at a convergent boundary? its impact on marine life
A. New Oceanic Crust A. The measure of water depth in the
B. Mid Ocean Ridge ocean
C. Trench B. The concentration of salt in ocean wa-
D. Continental Rise ter

551. Closed, circular current systems C. The speed of ocean currents

A. gyres D. The temperature difference between


surface and deep ocean water
B. breakers

552. Until approximately 200 years ago the 556. What does the term “brackish” mean
ocean floor was believed to be A. “biologically productive”
A. unfathomable, stretching nearly to the
center of the earth B. mix of fresh and saltwater

B. populated by sea monsters C. freshwater


C. a flat featureless plain of sediments. D. saltwater
D. molten lava
557. This is the symbol for
553. The rounded fatty forehead structure, the
melon, of toothed whales is thought to
produce the sounds for echolocation.
A. True
B. False

554. What causes the tides?

A. wavelength
B. frequency
C. wave speed
A. Undersea volcanoes erupting and
changing water temperature. D. amplitude

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 61

558. What percent of ocean water is water? B. because that is were the vampire
squid lives.

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C. because there is some light but not a
lot.
D. because science.

563. What is represented at point 2?

A. 3.5%
B. 100%
C. 75%
D. 96.5%
559. This layer is where weather occurs. A. wave height
A. troposphere B. wavelength
B. thermosphere C. crest
C. exosphere D. trough
D. stratosphere
564. What conclusions can you draw from this
560. What is the critical zone? graph?
A. The zone extends from the outer limits
of vegetation down to the zone of ground-
water
B. The zone that is at the surface of soils
C. The middle zone where infiltration oc-
curs
D. The zone that contains the unconsoli-
dated Earth materials that are intermixed A. The deer population went down over
with soil, air, and water and is a host of time.
many chemical transformations brought B. The deer population went up over time.
about by radiant energy
C. The dear population went up quickly,
561. Highest salinity is in then down, but then stayed the same.
A. mixed layer D. There are less dear because of
B. thermocline layer hunters
C. deep layer
565. Discovered the Titanic
D. none of above
A. . Jacques Cousteau
562. Why is the mesopelagic zone also called
B. B. Sylvia Earle
the twilight zone?
C. C. Robert Ballard
A. because weird and strange creatures
live there. D. D. Fridtof Nansen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 62

566. Density is B. Cold, fresh water


A. mass of a substance to the weight C. Warm, salty water
B. weight of a substance to the volume D. Warm, fresh water
C. weight of a substance to the area 571. Which of these is NOT a type of boundary
D. mass of a substance to the volume between plates of the Earth?

567. Which voyage would be considered the A. Pelagic


first 100% pure scientific ocean expedi-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Transform
tion? C. Convergent
A. HMS beagle D. Divergent
B. HMS challenger
572. The two properties of ocean water that
C. Turtle influence density are:
D. Alvin A. location and precipitation
568. area around large landmass where the B. salinity and speed
sea is relatively shallow; geologically part C. speed and temperature
of the continental crust
D. temperature and salinity
A. Continental Shelf
B. Upwelling 573. According to your textbook (Wohlers et
al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
C. Seamount scribes what the physical characteristics
D. Thermohaline Circulation of the surrounding rock important on the
search for oil and natural gas?
569. A group of phytoplankton that are green
and have a shell of silicon. They make the A. petroleum and natural gas form from
water color green. the remains of present-day primary ter-
restrial organisms
B. hydrocarbons can’t penetrate further
and where they can pool together at the
reserve rock layer
C. oil companies extract oil and natural
gas form the seabed by drilling through
the sediment and rock into the reserve
rock
D. petroleum and natural gas form from
A. bioluminescence the remains of primary marine organisms
B. copepods 574. What is the scientific study of Earth’s
C. diatoms oceans?
D. dinoflagellates A. Astronomy.

570. What is the primary driver of upwelling B. Geology.


in the oceans? C. Meteorology.
A. Cold, salty water D. Oceanography.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 63

575. Scientists hypothesize that the earliest D. diamonds


life forms may have obtained energy from
579. Name of the famous marine researcher

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that design tested underwater living cham-
A. plants
bers in the 1970’s as well as who we
B. the sun watched a movie on
C. hydrothermal vents A. Lamont
D. coral reefs
B. Charles Darwin
576. The and the are the two main C. Frans Ferdinand
parts of a wave
D. Jacques Cousteau

580. Can power from wind be harnessed as a


source of energy?
A. True
B. False

581. What is the difference between Phyto-


plankton and Zooplankton?
A. Phytoplankton are free floating micro-
scopic plants.Zooplankton are free float-
ing microscopic animals.
B. Zooplankton eat Phytoplank-
A. Peak, Valley ton.Phytoplankton perform photosynthe-
B. Foam, Crasher sis
C. Crest, Trough C. Phytoplankton eat ZooplanktonZoo-
D. Wall, Breaker plankton perform photosynthesis
D. Phytoplankton are free floating micro-
577. What break am I? I break on a rock cut
scopic animals.Zooplankton are free float-
platform or coral. I come from deep water
ing microscopic plants.
and then hit a shallow shelf. I usually can
be very big and unpredictable. 582. Warm ocean currents generally come
A. Reef break from
B. Point Break A. The North Pole (Polar zone)
C. No Break B. The South Pole (Polar zone)
D. Beach Break C. The Equator (Tropical zone)
578. Which of these resources is not extracted D. Both North and South Poles
from the ocean floor?
A. oil 583. Move slowly in deep ocean waters
B. natural gas A. density currents
C. coal B. gyres

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 64

584. Which ocean is located at number 1? B. The study of living fish-like organisms
as supposed to the study of plant life in
the ocean.
C. The different number of biological
fields involved in the study of the ocean.
D. The collection of sediment on the
ocean floor.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. The abundance and variety of living or-
A. Atlantic ganisms in the ocean.
B. Pacific 588. Deep ocean circulation is caused by
C. Arctic A. wind
D. Indian B. friction
E. Southern C. density differences
D. Coriolis Effect
585. Name this moon phase
589. What ocean connects to the Gulf of Mex-
ico?
A. Artic
B. Indian
C. Atlantic
D. Pacific
590. Which type of weathering occurs as a re-
sult of acid rain?
A. Mechanical
A. Waxing Gibbous B. Chemical
B. Waxing Crescent C. Dissolution
C. Waning Crescent D. Frost wedging
D. Waning Gibbous 591. Gases can only enter the ocean from the
following volcanoes, organisms, and atmo-
586. What affects the density of ocean water?
sphere.
A. temperature and salinity A. True
B. salinity and wind B. False
C. the coriolis effect
592. Why is there no plant life in the twilight
D. both a and b zone of the ocean?
A. water is too cold
587. What does the term marine biodiversity
refer to B. water pressure is too high
A. The study of life in the ocean, not to be C. not enough sunlight
confused with chemistry or physics. D. too much salt in the water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 65

593. The light from the sun the water. 598. Considered as the world’s largest ecosys-
A. chills tem.

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B. heats A. Mesopelagic
C. freezes B. Coral reefs
D. none of above C. Epipelagic

594. What is the approximate location of let- D. Bathypelagic


ter B?
599. Seamounts that have been eroded and
flattened on top.

A. 80oN, 0o A. Seamount
B. 0o, 80oW B. Abyssal Plain
C. 80oS, 0o
C. Continental Slope
D. 0 oh, 80 finished
D. Guyot
595. Which of the following organisms are
LEAST closely related? 600. Which of the following is likely to have
the lowest salinity
A. organisms that share a domain
A. a warm tropical sea
B. organisms that share a family
C. organisms that share a genus B. the cold Arctic Ocean

D. organisms that share a species C. a bay at the mouth of a big river


D. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
596. The deepest marine environment is
called 601. What causes a puddle of water to disap-
A. supralitoral pear
B. sublitoral A. precipitation
C. abyssal B. evaporation
D. talk C. condensation
E. batial
D. none of above
597. What is a well known example of a sur-
face current on the Eastern Side of the 602. What seafloor feature is typically found
USA? on continental margins?

A. Atlantic Gyre A. Trenches


B. Gulf Stream B. Continental slopes
C. North Pacific Gyre C. Mid-ocean ridges
D. Equatorial current D. Island arcs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 66

603. The waters of the Chesapeake Bay are 608. The lowest point of a wave is the
the saltiest during the summer. Why?
A. crest
A. The summer brings more rainfall, in-
B. wavelength
creasing salinity.
B. More heat causes more evaporation, C. trough
which increases salinity. D. focus
C. Melting glaciers in the north increase
salinity 609. When is the daily tidal range greatest?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above A. spring tide

604. Which of the following does not create B. neap tide


currents? C. ebb tide
A. Storms D. flood tide
B. Wind
610. Current at the surface of the ocean
C. Temperature
(caused by prevailing winds)
D. Salinity
605. The direction of the flow of energy in a
food web is represented by
A. Light bulbs
B. Dotted Lines
C. Arrows
D. Bubbles
A. rip currents
606. What fuels a hurricane’s strength?
B. surface currents
C. alternating current
D. density current

611. New crust is formed along

A. Wind
B. Sunlight
C. Warm Water
D. Cold Water
607. Which wavelength of light passes
through water the furthest
A. red A. Mid oceanic ridges

B. yellow B. Seamounts
C. ultraviolet C. Continental edges
D. blue D. Trenches

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 67

612. Large bodies of water do not quickly fluc- C. John Ross


tuate in temperature. Why? D. Prince Albert of Monaco

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A. Water is a solvent.
615. These are always found between mid-
B. Water has a high heat capacity. ocean ridges.
C. Water acts as a buffer. A. Ocean Trench
D. Water is non-polar. B. Rift Valley
613. Invented the Aqualung and was a famous C. Seamounts
videographer and director. D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
616. How does the air move in a land breeze?
A. From east to west
B. From west to east
C. From the land to the ocean
D. From the ocean to the land
617. As ocean depth increases, marine life
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
A. Jacques Piccard D. none of above
B. Robert Bartlett 618. True or False:Most photosynthesis occurs
C. Sir Wyville Thomson near the warm, surface of the ocean?
A. True
D. Jacques Cousteau
B. False
614. He was able to map out where the not
detonated bombs were through his study 619. Zone of rapid temperature change due to
of the ocean currents the depth of the ocean

A. color
B. density
A. John Murray C. thermocline
B. Lt. Maury D. salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 68

620. The Gulf Stream is a strong ocean current A. pycnocline


that brings warm water from the Gulf of B. thermocline
Mexico into the Atlantic Ocean. How does
C. abyssalocline
it impact England’s climate?
D. isothermal cline
A. It moderates temperatures.
B. It creates weather disturbances. 626. adsnmkfjnwdflndwkv
C. It decreases the density of seawater. A. fknmweknvinlwmsdvnklsdnvl

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. It does not impact England. B. f, dknvl kend
C. fvnlekndv
621. The spinning (rotation) of Earth on its
D. vfmklsdmfv
axis causes currents to curve rather than
flow in straight lines. What is this called? 627. flat, vast plains covered by thick layers
A. coriolis effect of sediment, formed from the remains of
dead organisms
B. curving effect
A. trench
C. salinity effect
B. continental slope
D. Gulf Stream effect
C. abyssal plain
622. Which factor is NOT responsible for vari- D. continental shelf
ations in seawater salinity?
628. How does the Gulf Stream affect climate
A. Precipitation in coastal countries in Northern Europe?
B. Evaporation
C. River runoff
D. Subduction zones

623. Currents in the Southern Hemisphere


move
A. It makes it warmer than in other coun-
A. North to South tries at that latitude.
B. West to East B. It does not change the climate.
C. Clockwise C. It makes it cooler than in other coun-
D. Counterclockwise tries at that latitude.
D. It makes more snow fall there than
624. Where does the trash in the Pacific Ocean anywhere else in Europe.
come from?
A. From humans littering near the ocean 629. If Galveston has a 3rd quarter moon on
Dec 23, what will the phase of moon be
B. From sewers on opposite side of the world on the same
C. From drains day?
D. From other animals A. new
B. full
625. Which term refers to a rapid change of
temperature with increasing depth of the C. 1st quarter
ocean? D. 3rd quarter

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 69

630. Elongated/cylindrical echinoderms 635. The oceans contain 97 percent of the wa-
A. sea cucumbers ter found on Earth.

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B. sea urchins A. true
C. sea stars B. false
D. brittle stars 636. An atoll is
631. The overgrowth of algae that consumes A. An undersea mountain flattened by
all the oxygen, causing death of organisms wave action
is called B. A ring of coral surrounding an under-
A. photosynthesis sea mountain
B. chemosynthesis C. a siliceous deep sea ooze
C. eutrophication D. an under water landslide
D. upwelling
637. Which phase or phases of the Moon are
632. Which of the following are characteristics associated with neap tides?
of the lines of latitude on a map? A. Waxing Gibbous
A. Rage from 0-180
B. New Moon
B. An example is the Prime Meridian
C. Quarter Moons
C. Represents how far north or south
D. Full Moon
D. Represents how far east or west
638. How are the lines of latitude and longi-
633. Sources of water pollution include all of tude drawn on a globe?
the following EXCEPT:
A. Latitude lines are parallel and longi-
tude lines meet at the poles.
B. Latitude lines are parallel and longi-
tude lines meet at the equator.
C. Longitude lines are parallel and lati-
tude lines meet at the poles.
D. Longitude lines are parallel and lati-
tude lines meet at the equator.
A. Suburban homes
B. Farms and golf courses 639. The gills are

C. Parking lots and city streets


D. Water treatment plants
E. Factories

634. RADAR uses sound frequencies to mea-


sure the depth of the ocean floor.
A. True A. structure that helps fish breathe
B. False B. the land at the edge of the continents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 70

640. Which of these coastal landforms is NOT 645. Identify layer #20.
produced by longshore currents?
A. a barrier island
B. a split
C. a baymount bar
D. an estuary

NARAYAN CHANGDER
641. What are underwater mountain ranges
called? A. mantle

A. continental shelf B. crust

B. mid-ocean ridges C. inner core


D. outer core
C. abyssal plains
D. continental slopes 646. What is the water cycle?

642. The Hawaiian Islands are located where


the Pacific plate is
A. moving over a hot spot or mantle
plume
B. being subducted beneath the North
American plate A. the 3 forms of water
C. being thrust over the North American B. the movement of water on, above, or
plate below the surface of the Earth
D. being thrust under Japan C. when water melts
643. Which of these BEST describes the cause D. when clouds form
of waves in the ocean?
647. Where is most of Earth’s FRESHWATER
A. high and low tides found?
B. evaporation of water A. Glaciers and snowcaps
C. wind blowing across the surface of the B. Groundwater
ocean C. Lakes and ponds
D. ridges and trenches on the bottom of D. Oceans
the ocean
648. Which ocean floor feature is created at a
644. The frequency is the of a wave. convergent plate boundary?
A. length A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. height B. Rift valley
C. occurrence C. Sea mount
D. height to length D. Trench

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 71

649. How does the amplitude of a wave 654. Organisms that drift with ocean currents
change as it nears the shore? are called

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A. increases in height A. nekton
B. increases in length B. benthos
C. decreases in height C. plankton
D. decreases in length D. photic
650. What is the source of most waves on the 655. What moon phase would be seen from
ocean surface? Earth when the moon is at position 5?
A. The moon
B. The sun
C. Undercurrents
D. Wind
651. One form of renewable energy is OCEAN
A. new moon
THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC).
What does OTEC involve? B. first quarter
A. OTEC uses the difference in water C. full moon
temps between surface water and deep D. third quarter
ocean water to run an engine
656. The average depth of the ocean is approx-
B. OTEC uses the strong winds above the
imately:
surface of the world’s oceans to power a
wind turbine A. 2.3 miles
C. OTEC uses the difference in high tides B. 1 mile
and low tides in various bodies of water C. 74.8 miles
to run an engine
D. 13.8 miles
D. none of above
E. 0.43 miles
652. What happens when there is a spring tide
657. How many Oceans are there?
A. high tides
A. 5
B. really high tides
B. 4
C. low tides
C. 7
D. none of above
D. 6
653. Define salinity.
658. According to your textbook (Wohlers et
A. Ratio of mass of dissolved substances al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
to mass of water sample. scribes the term tidal energy?
B. Total amount of dissolved solids in wa- A. harnesses the energy trapped in the
ter including dissolved gases. upper layer of seawater
C. Only the amount of salt dissolved in B. used to capture energy where water
water. can spin turbines as it fills a with the ris-
D. A and B ing tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 72

C. capturing energy by building a cais- 662. Where do most hurricanes develop?


son that generates electricity by spinning A. Middle of the United States
a turbine using wave energy; and using
buoys attached by vertical rods to the B. Near the Equator
sides of a wheel that turns to generate C. Near Canada and Alaska
electricity
D. Antarctica
D. it was commercially feasible when
your textbook was written back in 2006 663. What percentage of Earth’s surface is

NARAYAN CHANGDER
covered by water?
659. How do cold weather currents impact the
climate? A. 45%
B. 51%
C. 71%
D. 85%

664. What CAUSES waves in our oceans:


A. gravitational pull of the sun
B. gravity
C. gravitational pull of the moon
D. wind energy
A. more precipitation and humidity
B. less precipitation and less humidity 665. A transition layer in which salinity
rapidly increases with depth is called
C. currents do not impact the climate
A. Halocline
D. none of above
B. Thermocline
660. What impacts do recreation and trans-
portation have on marine ecosystems? C. Pycnocline
A. Improved water quality and ecosys- D. Sonarcline
tem health
666. Which of the following animals is found
B. Increased pollution and disturbance of in the neritic zone?
habitats
A. Clam
C. Recreation and transportation have no
impact on marine ecosystems B. Dolphin
D. Enhanced biodiversity and ecosystem C. Tube Worm
resilience D. Sea Star
661. Developed map using latitude for coun-
667. What are the 2 areas of the Ocean Floor
tries like Africa, Europe, and Asia.
A. Erastothenes A. shoreline and mid-ocean ridge
B. Ptolemy B. continental margin and ocean basin
C. Alexander C. continental shelf and ocean basin
D. Constantine D. land and water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 73

668. Reasons for studying the history of 672. Many people believe that ocean waves
oceanography include: move water. However, ocean waves re-
ally transfer

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A. It helps us understand how oceanog-
raphy affected society A. Wind
B. It explains how marine science is stud- B. Energy
ied today
C. Sand
C. it’s interesting
D. Pressure
D. All of the above

669. The artic circle melting at the end of the 673. What happens to pressure as you move
“ice age” allowed what people to explore towards the center of the Earth?
the far north? A. Increase
A. Greeks B. Decrease
B. Phoenicians
C. Stays the same
C. Vikings
D. none of above
D. Spaniards

670. Identify the ocean at location #4 674. This American discovered the Gulf Stream
while he was Postmaster General.

A. Indian Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
A. Charles Darwin
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Atlantic Ocean B. James Cook
C. Benjamin Franklin
671. Sunlight strikes this planet most directly
at the D. Fridtjof Nansen

675. Please select the correct age combination


for the earth and oceans, respectively:
A. earth:4.6 million years oldoceans:4.0
million years old
B. earth:4.0 billion years oldoceans:3.5
A. mesosphere billion years old

B. tundra C. earth:4.6 billionoceans:4.0 million


C. equator D. earth:4.6 billionoceans:4.0 billion
D. south pole E. none of the choices

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 74

676. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 681. What causes tsunamis?
9g and a volume of 3cm3. What is its den- A. People Stomping
sity?
B. Underwater Earthquakes
A. 3 g/cm3
C. the Sun
B. 1/3 g/cm3
D. Gravitational Pull
C. 27 g/cm3
682. Ocean water holds heat and helps keep
D. 39 g/cm3 coastal countries, like Britain, from getting

NARAYAN CHANGDER
677. What causes tides? DOK 1 too cold in the winter.
A. True
A. The sunlight warming ocean water and
causing it to move B. False
B. Continental deflection moving the wa- 683. A southwesterly wind blows toward the
ter
A. northwest
C. The gravitational pull of the moon on B. southwest
the water
C. northeast
D. The wind blowing on ocean water
D. southeast
678. What answer choice best describes an oil
684. There’s very little life, immense pressure
cleanup method that is effective with small
and absolutely no sunlight in this zone.
spills by employing hay, peat moss, straw
Name it.
or vermiculite?
A. sunlight
A. Using Oil Blooms
B. twilight
B. Using Skimmers
C. midnight
C. Using Sorbents
D. none of above
D. Burning In-Situ
685. Which of the following contains no salt?
E. Hot Water and High Pressure Washing

679. Sailed around the southern tip of Africa


and made it to India
A. Ferdinand Magellan
B. Basque da Gama
C. James Cook
D. John Harrison

680. A streamlike movement of ocean water


far below the surface is called:
A. Freshwater
A. deep current
B. Brackish
B. surface current
C. Brine
C. upwelling D. Actually, they all have some salt in
D. density them.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 75

686. Which of the following statements is true 690. What do currents carry away from the
about the geography of the ocean? equator?

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A. The ocean contains all of Earth’s wa- A. Wind
ter and therefore only described as “the
B. Oil
ocean” in conversation.
C. FIsh
B. The ocean is divided into five different
parts by mountains and ridges. D. Heat
C. The ocean is a single body of water,
691. A shallow area of sediment near the
however, it is divided into five geograph-
shore
ical regions.
D. The ocean is divided into five regions
by tectonic plates.
E. The ocean consists of two main geo-
graphical areas; the Atlantic and the Pa-
cific.

687. What does Earth’s rotation cause by de- A. Continental Shelf


flecting water to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern B. Ocean Trench
hemisphere? C. Continental Slope
A. The boy D. Abyssal Plain
B. Coriolis Effect
692. As salinity decrease, density ?
C. Continental deflection
A. decreases
D. Surface currents
B. increases
688. What answer choice best describes the
C. stays the same
deep-diving bathyscaphe that explored
the Mariana Trench in the 20th century? D. increases then decreases
(From Chapter 1.1)
693. What is the average salinity of water
A. Deepsea Challenger found in the Atlantic Ocean?
B. The Trieste
A. 35 parts per thousand
C. The Jelly
B. 350 parts per thousand
D. The Bioluminescent One
C. 35 parts per million
E. The Challenger Deep
D. 350 parts per million
689. When is “hurricane season”?
694. Select the correct food chain.
A. in the spring time and early summer-
time (April-June) A. Shark→Krill→Fish
B. spring and fall B. Krill→Shark→Fish
C. fall and winter C. Krill→Fish→Shark
D. spring and winter D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 76

695. Biotic factors are 701. A flow of water in a certain direction is


A. non-living parts of an ecosystem A. Wave
B. living parts of an ecosystem B. Tide
C. things that once were alive, but now
C. Current
are dead
D. not important parts of ecosystems. D. Wind

696. Which ocean location would have the 702. Which of the following are types of fresh-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
highest amount of salinity? water that can be used by people? Select
A. estuaries all that are true.

B. subtropical ocean regions A. groundwater


C. polar regions B. ice caps and glaciers
D. none of above C. oceans
697. mediocre high and low tides; occur be- D. rivers
cause the sun and moon are perpendicular E. lakes
A. neap tide
B. spring tide 703. What is the correct order of the major
Virginia rivers that empty into the Chesa-
C. diurnal peake Bay? (North to South)
D. winter tide
A. Rappahannock, James, York, Potomac
698. In a longitudinal wave, the particles B. York, James, Potomac, Rappahannock
move ?
C. Potomac, Rappahannock, James, York
A. back and forth
B. up and down D. Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James
C. vertically 704. What does backwash mean (in geogra-
D. in the direction of the hertz phy terms of course)?
699. Which of the following has the largest A. The water that moves up the beach at
tidal range? an angle
A. Fort Myers, Florida B. The water that flows straight back
B. Bay of Fundy, Canada down the beach
C. Port Canaveral, FL C. When someone has some of your drink
but the water from their mouth ends up
D. Cape Hatteras, North Carolina
back in the bottle
700. Flat, deep, and smooth part of the ocean D. The wearing away of rock
floor. Cold temperatures are found here.
A. Continental Shelf 705. What is the main cause of deep water
B. Abyssal Plain ocean currents?
C. Continental Slope A. differences in density of ocean water
D. Seamounts B. the rotation of Earth on its axis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 77

706. What causes Earth’s surface currents to 709. The circular path of surface currents
curve rather than move in straight paths? caused by the influence of major global
wind patterns.

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A. Gyre
B. Coriolis Effect
C. Upwelling
D. Tides

710. The diameter of this clast of rock is 64 to


256 mm.
A. Cobble
B. Pebble
C. Granule
A. Wind blowing across the ocean
D. Silt
B. Earth’s revolution around the sun
E. Clay
C. Earth’s rotation on its axis
D. The moon’s gravitational pull 711. What is the process of removing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere then typi-
707. Which of the following has the greatest cally stored underground?
impact on tides? A. carbon sequestration
A. The rotation of the Earth B. oxygen sequestration
B. The moon C. nitrogen sequestration
C. Salinity and temperature D. helium sequestration
D. None of these options
712. You and the friend later travel to a broad
Explanation:The moon has the greatest
beach, wide enough to drive on. Again,
impact on tides. This is because the
your friend asks you to classify it. You
gravitational pull of the moon causes the
correctly answer that it is a
ocean’s water to bulge out in the direction
of the moon. This bulge is what we expe- A. primary coast.
rience as a high tide. The rotation of the B. secondary coast.
Earth and factors like salinity and temper-
ature have less impact on tides. C. eustatic coast.
D. remnant coast.
708. Which of these moves forward when a
wave passes? 713. There are 2 high tides and 2 low tides
A. The energy of the wave A. daily
B. The crest of the wave B. weekly
C. The trough of the wave C. monthly
D. The water molecules D. yearly

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 78

714. What is D representing in the water cy- 719. A sounding measures the:
cle?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation A. Speed of a vessel
B. Condensation B. Temperature of the Water
C. Precipitation C. Sounds of the Ocean Floor
D. Runoff D. Depth of a body of water
715. What is the pH of pure, fresh water? 720. What happens when you put an egg in
A. 0 salt water?
B. 7 A. It cooks.
C. 10 B. It floats.
D. 14 C. It sinks.
716. What is the correct order (starting from D. It dissolves.
the surface) of Earth’s layers?
A. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle 721. Some evidence suggests that organisms
use deep water to transmit sound across
B. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust thousands of kilometers.
C. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core A. True
D. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle B. False
717. How does no-till farming help the envi-
722. Is temperature a biotic or abiotic factor?
ronment?
A. it decreases soil erosion
B. it increases soil removal
C. it increases fertilizer use
D. it decreases crop yield

718. The heat required to fuse a substance is


known as
A. Latent heat of fusion
B. Latent heat of vaporization
C. Thermal Inertia A. biotic
D. none of above B. abiotic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 79

723. A molecule with electrically charged ar- 727. As you move downward into the ocean,
eas is called a hydrostatic pressure

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A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same
D. none of above
728. The type of water holds MORE dissolved
A. magnet oxygen & gases and is the MOST dense.
B. polar molecule A. warm water
C. solution B. cold water
D. electrical molecule 729. What is Erosion?
724. describes living factors in the environ- A. When waves lose energy and leave
ment. sediments / sand along a coast.
A. biotic B. The wearing away of land, removal of
beach rocks/sand by water or wind.
B. abiotic
C. An area of land that smells different to
C. photic other places.
D. aphotic D. An area that has a lot of wind.
725. Review:The primary function of a leaf on 730. Estimate the air pressure range in Can-
a plan it what? berra?
A. To look pretty!
B. To hold the roots in place
C. To use the sunlight for energy in food
production
D. To add support for the plant to grow

726. What is the study of the oceans and


seas?
A. 1000-1004 hPa
B. 1004-1008 hPa
C. 1002-1006 hPa
D. 996-1000 hPa
731. What is the name of the technology used
to map the ocean floor?
A. Oceanology A. Laser beams
B. Oceanography B. Sonar
C. Marine Science C. Seismograph
D. Geology D. Doppler Radar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 80

732. is what you call an area with ONE 737. 3Why was the Library of Alexandria im-
HIGH and ONE LOW tide each day. portant to early ocean explorers?
A. Diurnal Tide A. The library held all maps for all voy-
agers
B. Semi Diurnal Tide
B. The library gave sailors a place to
C. Mixed Tide explore and exchange information about
D. Rip Tide ocean exploration

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. It was a place for the sailors’ kids to
733. The distance between the two peaks of a hang out
wave is called
D. The library provided free compasses
A. wavelength for anyone who participated in sharing in-
B. wave height formation

C. frequency 738. Sonar:Use of to determine depth and


seafloor profile.
D. amplitude
Explanation:The distance between two
peaks of a wave is called the wavelength.
It represents the spatial period of the
wave, which is the distance over which
the wave’s shape repeats. Wavelength
is an important parameter in determining
the wave’s properties and is not to be con-
fused with wave height, frequency, or am-
plitude.

734. What is the average range of salinity in


the ocean? A. light
A. 24-26 ppt B. sound
B. 34-36 ppt C. vibration
C. 44-46 ppt D. smell

D. 54-56 ppt 739. The continents move very slowly, only a


few per year.
735. Basic cause of tides A. meters
A. The sun B. kilometers
B. gravitation C. centimeters
D. miles
736. There are main ocean basins.
A. 2 740. Tsunamis are caused by
A. underwater disturbances such as
B. 4
earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes.
C. 6
B. wind and the gravitational pull of the
D. 7 moon.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 81

741. Surface currents are a result of C. small plastic pieces less than five me-
A. Global (prevailing) wind Patterns ters long which harm marine life.

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D. small plastic pieces less than five kilo-
B. Earth’s Rotation
meters long which harm marine life.
C. Density
747. The sun’s rays are least direct
D. Salinity
A. near the poles
742. A(n) is any characteristic of an organ- B. near the equator
ism that enables it to live successfully in its
C. at high altitude
environment.
D. far from the ocean
A. Adaption
B. Biota 748. Sediment grab

C. Habitat
A.
D. Zonation
measures water content
743. What percent of the Ocean covers up the
earth?
B.
A. 70%
B. 85% a net used for the capture of plankton
C. 50%
D. 90% C.

744. This type of sediment is the accumulation 355 ft long platform for ocean research
of hard parts of some organisms
A. cosmogenous D.
B. biogenous
collect a sample of sediment on seafloor
C. terrigenous
D. hydrogenous 749. Why are sea walls built along our coast?
A. so our ships have a safe passage along
745. In addition to salinity, what factor af- our coastline
fects the density of seawater?
B. to provide a safe swimming area for
A. depth people visiting the coastline
B. latitude C. to reduce erosion
C. temperature D. to reduce deposition
D. salt content 750. What helped facilitate the study of our
ocean?
746. What are micro-plastics?
A. Fishing Industry
A. small plastic pieces less than five mil-
limeters long which harm marine life. B. Outer Space Industry
B. small plastic pieces less than five cen- C. Military
timeters long which harm marine life. D. Teaching

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 82

751. A diverse collection of organisms unable great heights as in moves into shallow wa-
to propel themselves against a current. ter
A. Microplankton B. A wave, produced by an earthquake on
or near the ocean floor, which builds up to
B. Plankton
great heights as in moves into deeper wa-
C. Red tide ter
D. Vertical migration C. A wave, produced by an earthquake on
or near the ocean floor, which builds up to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
752. Oceanography draws on the methods and
great heights as in moves into shallow wa-
information from the following sciences
ter
A. biology D. A wave, produced by erosion on or
B. chemistry near the ocean floor, which builds up to
C. physics great heights as in moves into deeper wa-
ter
D. geology
757. Which is the main factor that affects the
E. all of the above
circulation of deep water and ocean sur-
753. If one were to look for riffle, where face water?
would one find it? A. temperature
A. In the dark and deepest part of the B. Salinity
lake C. Temperature, salinity, density
B. In shallow areas of the stream where D. Temperature, salinity, density, turbid-
the water is gurgling ity, and ecosystem health.
C. At the boundary between the water
and the overlying air 758. What features form near and above a
subduction zone?
D. In the sediments of the lake bottom

754. What are 3 main reasons for seafaring?


A. food
B. trade
C. discovery of new land A. trenches and volcanic mountain
ranges
D. astronomy
B. ridges and rift valleys
755. Classify the organism:Coral C. faults and earthquakes
A. Porifera D. folded mountains
B. Cnidarian
759. The gravitational force of the moon tug-
C. Mollusk ging on the earth is
D. Crustacean A. greater on solids than liquids
756. What is the definition for tsunami? B. the main cause of high and low tides
A. A wave, produced by erosion on or C. responsible for longshore currents
near the ocean floor, which builds up to D. responsible for tsunamis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 83

760. The present shorelines of the world are 765. How are chimneys formed in hydrother-
considered to be mal vents

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A. geologically stable zones separating A. it gets so hot they explode
land and sea.
B. Minerals are deposited
B. features of great geological antiquity.
C. When rocks erode at the sides
C. a dynamic environment affected by
both long-term and short-term cycles. D. After the vents leak white or black
rocks
D. that part of the marine environment
most resistant to change. 766. The top layer zone of the ocean is

761. A depth recorder uses to measure to A. Thermocline


depth of the ocean. B. Surface zone
A. RADAR C. deep zone
B. SONAR D. salinity
C. a stick
767. What is the origin of this sediment?
D. to core (satellite image of a river draining into an
ocean)
762. Why are Earth’s oceans salty?
A. Rain washed salts into them.
B. They contain a lot of water vapor.
C. Algal blooms in the ocean produced
salt.
D. none of above

763. Would monitor the amounts of bacteria A. Lithogenous


off the coast of Virginia Beach caused by
a leaking sewage pipe. B. Biogenous

A. Geological C. Hydrogenous

B. Environmental D. Cosmogenous

C. Physical 768. A puzzle like fit of the continents is evi-


D. Chemical dence for (a) .
A. a Continental Drift
764. What happens to ocean water when a
wave passes? B. Plate tectonics
A. Moves forward C. Theory of Pangea
B. Forced down D. none of above
C. Rises and falls
769. What ocean is the purple circle in? Which
D. Does not move warm current effects this region?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 84

773. “Black smokers” besides being biological


providing a biological oasis in the ocean
bottom are also a potential source of rich
mineral ore deposits

A. Atlantic / Atlantic

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Atlantic/ Gulf Stream
C. Atlantic / Jet Stream
D. Atlantic / Maritime Polar
770. Large waves, called , are different
from surface waves and are usually caused
by underwater earthquakes, volcanic erup-
tions, or landslides.
A. swells
B. tsunamis A. True
C. breakers B. False
D. capillary waves
774. When the sun, moon and Earth are in a
771. Which is the least important question for line we have the highest tide called a
humans to ask? A. Neap tide
B. Null tide
C. Spring tide
D. Full tide
775. Who first proposed binomial nomencla-
ture as a way of classifying organisms?
A. Why can humans only use less than 1% A. Carl Linnaeus
of freshwater? B. Carl’s Jr.
B. Why can humans not use freshwater C. Charles Darwin
from glaciers?
D. Henry Groseclose
C. What percentage of water is available
for humans to use? 776. What is a sea?
D. Where do humans get most of their A. A large body of water over an ocean
drinking water from? basin
B. A small body of water surrounded by
772. What are the 3 temperature zones?
land
A. Surface Zone
C. A large body of water surrounded by
B. Thermocline Zone land
C. Water Zone D. A small body of water over an ocean
D. Deep Zone basin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 85

777. What do we call a tide that has a large 783. What are the five major oceans in the
range? world?
A. gravity

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A. Antarctic Ocean
B. wind
B. Caribbean Ocean
C. spring
D. neap C. Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, South-
ern Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean
778. Groundwater is described as water that:
D. Mediterranean Ocean
A. Is only found in glaciers and ice caps
B. Is dispersed through innumerable 784. You grab a bottle of water from the
holes, pores, fractures, and cavities in fridge and set it on the counter. When
bodies of rock or sediment you come back for it 2 hours later, water
C. Is unavailable or unsuitable for life droplets have formed on the outside of the
D. Comes from desalination plants water bottle. What is this an example of?

779. Coral reefs can be found between what


two latitudes?
A. 40*N-60*S
B. 30*N-30*S
C. 75*N-75*S
D. 55*N-90*S
780. A large lake made by humans for water
storage by blocking the flow of a river A. Condensation because the tempera-
with a dam ture of the air nearest the bottle has in-
A. artesian well creased causing water droplets to form.
B. aquifer B. Condensation because the tempera-
C. reservoir ture of the air nearest the bottle has de-
creased causing water droplets to form.
D. watershed
C. Evaporation because the temperature
781. True or False? Beginning in 1958, hur- of the air nearest the bottle has increased
ricanes were given the names of both causing water droplets to form.
women and men.
A. True D. Evaporation because the temperature
of the air nearest the bottle has de-
B. False creased causing water droplets to form.
782. (a) are the primary source of plastic in
the ocean. 785. Many marine fish use open waters as
A. a Plastic Bags nursery grounds for their young before
they move to salt marshes.
B. Plastic bottles
C. Wrappers A. True
D. none of above B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 86

786. What are estuaries?


A. Coastal waters
B. Open ocean
C. A partially enclosed coastal body of A. Neap Tide
water B. Spring Tide
D. None of the above C. Full Moon Tide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. New Moon Tide
787. What is the name of the starred feature
on this map? 791. Who served a French naval officer and
later became a filmmaker and undersea ex-
plorer?
A. Jacques Cousteau
B. Jacques Piccard
C. Sylvia Earle
D. Robert Ballard
792. As river water flow increases, what hap-
pens to sediment size?
A. decreases and settles to the bottom
B. stops
A. Nova Scotia C. floats
B. New Brunswick D. increases
C. New Hampshire 793. The height difference between high and
low tide.
D. Maine
A. Neap Tide
788. What are trenches? B. Spring Tide
A. the most shallow part of the ocean C. Tidal Bulge
B. coats that spies wear D. Tidal Range
C. forms at sites of plate convergence 794. A ship carrying gasoline runs into shore
and spills a large amount of gasoline.
D. the scientific study of the ocean
What threat does this pose.
789. The warmest surface water is near the
A. equator
B. north pole
C. south pole
D. none of above

790. What type of tides would this arrange- A. Point pollution source that can hurt hu-
ment of earth-moon-sun create? mans only

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 87

B. Non-Point pollution source that can 799. s waves can go through


hurt humans, animals, and the environ- A. solid
ment

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B. liquid
C. A Point pollution source that can hurt
humans, animals, and the environment C. gas
D. A fire hazard that quickly goes away. D. solid and liquid
The water will dilute the gas. There is no E. solid, liquid and gas
pollution or environmental damage possi-
ble. 800. What happens to seawater density as
the salinity increases?
795. The area that begins at the end of the
continental margin is called the A. Increases
A. deep-ocean valley B. Decreases
B. deep-ocean basin C. Stays the same
C. deep-ocean rift D. none of above
D. deep-ocean landing
801. What are the thin plates that whales use
796. Which plate boundary causes one plate to to filter their food out of the water?
subduct beneath another? A. planks
A. Convergent Boundary B. zooplankton
B. Divergent Boundary C. diatoms
C. Transform Boundary
D. baleen
D. Elliptical Boundary
802. The amount of gas that seawater can
797. Where is the benthic zone? hold in solution will be greater
A. Bottom of the ocean A. in warmer water
B. Near the shore
B. in colder water
C. Open ocean area
C. in salty water
D. None of the above
D. under less pressure
798. Surface currents are mainly caused by
803. Consider the following statements1. Ex-
A. The Coriolis Effect clusive economical zone is located 200
B. Cold and Warm Water nautical miles from the baseline.2. Con-
C. Convection tiguous zone is located 24 nautical miles
from the baseline.3. Territorial sea is lo-
D. Wind
cated 10 nautical miles from the base-
Explanation:Surface currents are mainly
line.How many of the above-given state-
caused by wind. Wind blowing over the
ments is/are correct?
ocean’s surface creates friction, which in
turn generates movement in the water. Al- A. Only one statement
though factors like the Coriolis Effect, tem- B. Only two statements
perature differences, and convection can
influence currents, wind is the primary C. Only three statements
driving force behind surface currents. D. None of the statements

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 88

804. What was the piece of equipment called C. Transform


sailors used to measure depth in the early D. Mr. C the Slide Man
days of sailing
A. sonar 809. Identify this landform

B. measuring tape
C. sounding line
D. echo machine

NARAYAN CHANGDER
805. What country was hit with an earth-
quake in 2004, resulting in a large loss of
life?
A. Ria
A. Malaysia
B. Fjord
B. The Philippines
C. Rio
C. Sumatra
D. fjord
D. Indonesia
810. A(n) occurs when a warm air mass
806. Density is meets and overrides a cold air mass.
A. the amount of mass in an object A. cold front
B. the amount of space an object takes up B. warm front
C. the amount of mass in a given space C. stationary front
D. the weight of an object D. occluded front
807. T/F There is more land in the South- 811. What does the biotic index measure?
ern Hemisphere than the Northern Hemi-
A. Amount of pollution
sphere.
B. pH of the water
A. True
C. Water quality
B. False
D. Amount of dissolved oxygen
808. What is the name of the plate boundary
that slidespast each other? 812. neap is than spring tide pattern.
A. larger
B. smaller
C. bluer
D. older

813. Spring tide is when the tides are


strongest (the low tide is lower and the
high tide is higher). When does this occur?
A. During the New & Full Moon
A. Divergent B. During the First Quarter & 3rd Quarter
B. Convergent Moon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 89

C. During the Waxing & Waning Crescent 819. Tide that is falling, going out, or decreas-
Moon ing in height

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D. During the Waxing & Waning Gibbous A. Ebb tide
Moon
B. Flood tide
814. When surface currents meet continents, C. Slackwater
the currents , or change direction.
D. Diurnal
A. deflect
B. jump 820. Was the main researcher for the HMS
C. stop Challenger & wrote the book “Depths of
the Sea”
D. none of above
A. Jacques Couteau
815. The California Current is classified as a
B. Jacques Piccard
current and generally travels
C. Edward Forbes
D. Sir Charles Wyville

821. What are other names for the foreshore?


A. beach face
B. littoral zone
A. Warm, counter-clockwise
B. Cold, clockwise C. intertidal

C. Warm, clockwise D. low tide terrace


D. Cold, counter-clockwise E. abyssal zone

816. Climate is 822. Which letter is pointing to a trench?


A. a daily or weekly status of the atmo-
sphere
B. the long-term overall physical condi-
tions of a region
817. Of the images provided, which one repre-
sents what occurs on our coastline? A. A
B. D
C. G
D. B

A. RIGHT Image 823. What is the trough of a wave?


B. LEFT Image A. distance the end blows over water
818. Which is denser? B. wind speed of a wave
A. Hot water C. highest part of a wave
B. Cold water D. lowest part of a wave

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 90

824. What is the relationship between tides


and waves on the distribution and diver-
sity of organisms in shallow water com-
munities?
A. Organisms in shallow water communi-
ties are not affected by tides or waves
B. Waves determine the distribution and
diversity of organisms A. Converging

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Diverging
C. Tides have no impact on the distribu-
tion and diversity of organisms C. Sliding
D. Both tides and waves influence the dis- D. No movement
tribution and diversity of organisms
829. In what layer would you see the Aurora
825. REVIEW QUESTION:When we put too Borealis?
much fertilizer in the fields, it leads to
A. colder temperatures
B. more fish
C. algae blooms
D. the removal of toxic chemicals

826. Choose the correct option A. Mesosphere


B. Stratosphere
C. Thermosphere
D. Troposphere

830. A connection of food chains with many


food energy paths in an ecosystem is a
A. ecosystem
A. AUV B. food web
B. ROV C. environment
C. Side Scan Sonar D. none of above

D. Underwater Camera 831. Thermohaline circulation refers to the


movement of ocean water in surface cur-
827. This type of material does not allow wa- rents.
ter to penetrate through it.
A. True
A. permeable B. False
B. impermeable
832. Tides are caused by
828. Below is a picture of sea-floor spreading. A. strong winds that blow over ocean wa-
How are the ocean crusts moving? ters.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 91

B. the gravitational attraction between 838. British navigator and captain in the Royal
Earth, the moon (and the sun). Navy who charted New Zealand and Aus-
tralia’s Great Barrier Reef on his ship, En-

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C. the shifting of the plates on the ocean
floor. deavour, and provided the first accurate
map of the Pacific ocean.
D. variations in the salinity of ocean wa-
ter A. James Cook
B. James Cameron
833. What type of organisms mostly live in
the abyssal zone? C. Richard Byrd
D. William Beebe
A. Spineless
B. Animals with spines 839. Is the ocean water fresh water or salt
water?
C. Vertebrates
D. Invertebrates

834. Flat topped mountains on the ocean floor


are called
A. seamounts
B. trenches
C. rift valley A. Salt water
D. guyots B. Fresh water

835. The cloudiness of water is known as 840. What is the highest point of a wave
A. tributary called?

B. turbidity A. trough

C. saltiness B. wave length

D. distilled C. wave depth


D. crest
836. Who landed in North America first?
A. Christopher Columbus 841. What causes tides?

B. Chinese A. Moon’s gravity

C. Vikings B. Mars’ gravity

D. Captain Cook C. Rotation of sun


D. Spin of the universe
837. Which type of seawater has the greatest
density? 842. Invisible water in the form of gas is?
A. warm, with low salinity A. infiltration
B. warm, with high salinity B. water vapor
C. cold, with low salinity C. groundwater
D. cold, with high salinity D. runoff

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 92

843. A Hurricane is a large, rotating low- A. divergent boundary


pressure system that forms over the B. convergent boundary
warm waters of oceans near the equator.
Hurricanes that tend to devastate the USA C. transform boundary
form D. none of above
A. near the equatorial region of Africa
847. What was the first ship to use sophis-
and travel towards the USA via global
ticated measuring devices to study the
tradewinds
ocean?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. near the equatorial region of Africa
A. DSV Alvin
and travel to the USA via global westerlies
B. HMS Challenger
C. near the equatorial region of South
America and travel to the USA via the Gulf C. OSTM/Jason-2
Stream D. RMS Titanic
D. near the Mediterranean Sea, then to
848. What is structure E?
Africa and across the Atlantic to the USA
via the tradewinds

844. Letter A is pointing to what seafloor fea-


ture?

A. Continental Shelf
B. Trench
A. Continental Shelf
C. Guyot
B. Continental Slope
D. Abyssal Plain
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Trench 849. In comparing an adaptation to a variation,
adaptations
845. Volcanogenic? A. have no impact on survival
A. made from chemical precipitates in the B. are found only in individuals
sea water
C. allow for organisms to gain a competi-
B. from the shells and bones of living tive edge
things
D. include traits like eye color
C. from the land, travels down streams
and rivers to the ocean 850. Another piece of evidence in the theory of
D. very fine sediment from outer space Continental Drift is evidence of a giant
origins fern named Glossopteris.

E. sediments from volcanic activity A. geologic


B. fit/shape
846. A boundary where tectonic plates collide
and one is forced down into the mantle is C. glacial
a D. fossil/climate

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 93

851. What is the measurement of the Oceans C. Petroleum


floors?
D. Rare-earth elements

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A. Triangulation
B. Topography 857. A continental-continental convergent
boundary creates what?
C. Bathymetry
A. Earthquakes, Deep Sea Trenches, vol-
D. Seismology canoes
852. transfers momentum to water help- B. Mountains and Earthquakes
ing create ocean surface currents
C. Rift valleys, volcanoes, and mountains
A. Wind
D. Mid-ocean ridges, and volcanoes
B. Density Explanation:continental-continental con-
C. Temperature vergent boundaries create mountains
since neither crust is subducted the crust
D. Color
elevates into mountains, as well as having
853. What is the second step of the scientific deep powerful earthquakes.
method?
858. Most ocean waves are formed by
A. Do research/make observations
A. Earthquakes
B. Hypothesis
B. Wind
C. Experiment
C. underwater landslides
D. Ask a question/state the problem
D. impact by meteors
854. What is the result of the Earth’s rota-
tion? 859. Which surface would have the most
A. Seasons runoff from it after a rainstorm?
B. Eclipses
C. Moon Phases A.

D. Day and Night

855. How much of the planet is covered by wa-


B.
ter?
A. 50%
B. 60%
C.
C. 71%
D. 95%

856. Which of the following resources found D.


in ocean sediments has the greatest eco-
nomic value?
860. What was the first vessel designed,
A. Gas hydrates built, and equipped specifically for oceano-
B. Manganese nodules and crusts graphic research?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 94

C. 600 mph
D. 6000 mph

865. What is a tsunami? a. A large storm


with very high speed winds b. A tropical
cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean c. A
A. HMS Meteor large and powerful ocean wave d. A type
of tornado e. Any earthquake that causes
B. HMS Challenger

NARAYAN CHANGDER
significant damage
C. HMS Beagle
A. a
D. HMS Titanic
B. b
861. What ocean zone contains 90% of the
C. c
ocean? It is the largest zone!
A. Sunlight Zone D. d

B. Twilight Zone E. e
C. Midnight Zone 866. Largest and deepest ocean.
D. Abyssal Zone A. Atlantic
862. What are the reactants of photosynthe- B. Indian
sis?
C. Arctic
A. Sunlight
D. Pacific
B. Water
C. Oxygen 867. What causes surface currents north and
south of the equator to move in different
D. Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
directions?
863. The strongest winds on Earth are the

A. trade winds
B. westerlies
C. polar easterlies
D. doldrums A. Gases in the ocean
864. How fast can a tsunami move? B. the coriolis effect
A. 10 mph C. Temperature differences
B. 100 mph D. Continental deflection

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 95

868. The major difference between a tropical A. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
storm and a hurricane is
B. Leatherback Sea Turtle

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A. rainfall amounts
C. Loggerhead Sea Turtle
B. wind speed
D. Green Sea Turtle
C. air temperature
D. none of above 874. The Phylum Molluska Class Cephalopoda
includes which use jet propulsion in or-
869. The following are all components that der to move in the water.
make up oceanography EXCEPT:
A. Starfish
A. the coastal landscapes that border the
B. Lobsters and Crabs
oceans
B. the organisms that live within the C. Corals
oceans D. Squid and Octopus
C. the study of the relationship of the sun,
875. Close to shore, not separated from land.
the moon and the earth
D. the science and study of the oceans A. Atoll.
themselves B. Barrier reef.
E. none of the choices C. Fringing reef.
870. If an iceberg suffers erosion, then it will: D. None of these.
A. Rise 876. What land features are associated with
B. Sink deep-sea trenches?
871. current bringing nutrient rich water from A. volcanic islands
the bottom to the top B. island arcs systems
A. upwelling C. andesitic volcanoes
B. countercurrents D. all of the above
C. rip tide
877. are scientists who study the ocean.
D. whirlpool
A. Oceanologists
872. Ocean currents are moved primarily by
Currents can carry both cold and warm B. Biologists
water. C. Oceanographers
A. Waves D. none of above
B. Water
878. Which of the following traits would na-
C. Wind ture select for if dogs went into the wild?
D. Storms
A. Tame, friendly personality
873. Which of these creatures can reach a B. Long, curly tail
whopping 2, 200 pounds and use their
C. Small legs and body
scissor-like jaws to enjoy a jellyfish-only
diet? D. strong, wide bite

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 96

879. What is the correct equation for density? 883. This is ocean surrounds Antarctica. It’s
A. mass x volume the one at the bottom

B. mass / volume
C. volume / mass
D. volume-mass

880. The following is true concerning the evo-


lution of whales:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evidence of cetaceans’ terrestrial an-
cestry is found in small, useless rear-limb
bones.
B. The body shape of cetaceans is clear A. Southern Ocean
evidence that these animals had fish an-
cestors like all higher vertebrates do. B. Arctic Ocean
C. There is no good fossil evidence to C. Atlantic Ocean
show which group of mammals was ances-
D. Indian Ocean
tral to whales.
D. All of the above. 884. Organisms that are attached to the ocean
floor are
881. Institution
A. A particular discipline dealing with A. floating organisms
measurable or systematic principles B. swimming organisms
rather than intuition or natural ability.
C. non-moving organisms
B. The periodic change of the sea level.
D. none of above
C. Something unexplainable
D. A building where professional duties 885. What process brings the deep cold ocean
are performed. currents up to the surface?
E. An established organization, which
dedicated to education, public service, or
the care of the destitute.

882. What are the consequences of extract-


ing physical, geological, and biological re-
sources from the oceans?
A. No consequences, as the oceans have
an unlimited supply of resources
B. Loss of biodiversity and habitat de-
struction A. Conduction
C. Improved water quality and reduced B. Global Wind Patterns
pollution
C. Convection Currents
D. Increased productivity and ecosystem
stability D. Temperature and salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 97

886. The unit for amplitude is D. 37 ppt, 36, 161ft, consists of oceanic
A. meter ridges, trenches, and long seamount
chains, longest and deepest ocean, winds

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B. meter/second east to west
C. hertz
891. If an object has a density of.6 g/mL and
D. Second
you put it into water, will it sink or float?
887. Octopus and squid are what type of mol- A. sink
lusks?
B. float
A. Gastropods
B. Bivalves 892. The cycle rotation of cold and warm ocean
currents are called
C. Cephalopods
A. latitudes
D. Ctenophores
B. cycles
888. Waves are under what category of
Oceanography? C. gyres
A. Physical Oceanography D. hurricanes
B. Biological Oceanography
893. Who were the first navigators and mer-
C. Geological Oceanography chants to England?
D. Chemical Oceanography A. Greeks
889. SEASAT:A series of used to moni- B. Vikings
torthe oceans and atmosphere. Can mea- C. Polynesians
sure sea level, productivity, temperature,
CO2, ice. D. Phoenicians
A. submarines 894. The vast meadow areas that are beyond
B. boats the wooded regions of the stream banks,
C. drones and get submerged by river water during
flooding events are called
D. satellites
A. riparian corridor
890. Characteristics of Atlantic ocean
B. flood plain
A. 28-34 ppt, 17, 881ft, 1/3 of area un-
C. channel
derlain by continental shelf, polar climate,
beaufort high centered wind, icelandic low D. littoral zone
centered wind
895. The gravitational pull from the moon
B. 30-35 ppt, 27, 841ft, mid-atlantic ridge,
causes
saltiest major ocean, prevailing wester-
lies, mild climate A. Waves
C. 32-37 ppt, 23, 812ft, gets water from B. Currents
Persian gulf and red sea, northeast winds
C. Tides
in winter, north west winds south of equa-
tor D. Children to go crazy

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 98

896. This vessel carried Charles Darwin and 901. A is a strip of sediment (usually
went to South America to help Darwin col- sand or gravel) that extends from the low-
lect and study rocks and animals. water line inland to a cliff or zone of per-
A. Glomar Challenger manent vegetation.

B. Alvin A. berm
C. Trieste B. beach
D. H.M.S. Beagle C. marine terrace

NARAYAN CHANGDER
897. T2-The part of the ocean that extends D. surf
from the low-tide line to the edge of the
continental shelf is the 902. The rapid temperature change from warm
to cold water in the ocean is called the
A. Neritic Zone
A. thermocline
B. Open Ocean Zone
B. hematocrit
C. Intertidal Zone
C. tempocline
D. Deep Zone
D. benthic
898. A(n) is found on the leading edge of
the continent where subduction occurs. 903. How much of the earth’s surface is cov-
A. Active continental margin ered by salt water?
B. Passive continental margin A. 70%
C. Deep ocean trench B. 75%
D. Deep ocean basin C. 30%
E. Seamount D. 60%

Explanation: 904. The depth to which light can penetrate


the ocean depends on:
A. The amount of suspended material in
899. What are two or more food chains con-
the water.
nect called?
B. The angle of the sun above the horizon.
A. food wall
B. food ladder C. The smoothness or roughness of the
sea surface.
C. food web
D. All of these statements apply
D. food net

900. Which of the following is a biogenous sed- 905. What are 2 ways our actions contribute
iment? to ocean acidification

A. Beach sand A. Burning too many fossil fuels


B. Diatom ooze B. Using cars
C. clays C. Using electric buses
D. Glacial deposits D. Cleaning up trash

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 99

906. What does coastline mean? 912. Which type of heat transfer is responsi-
A. Where the land meets the sea ble for heating the water of the ocean as
it circulates around the globe?

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B. Where the land meets the sea, it is a
forever changing line A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Where there is a beach
C. Radiation
D. Where the sea is
D. Infrared Radiation
907. The main inorganic nutrients necessary
E. Electromagnetic Discharge
for the success of marine autotrophs are:
A. phosphates and carbohydrates 913. What is the term for water that is a mix-
ture of fresh and saltwater?
B. glucose and oxygen
A. Freshwater zone
C. nitrates and phosphates
B. Transitional zone
D. nitrates and carbohydrates
C. Saltwater zone
908. One fish lives in a coral reef, another D. Brackish water
lives in the deep ocean. Why won’t they
ever meet? 914. What is the definition of a breaker
A. They’re adapted to different levels of wave?
salinity A. A wave which is which topples over as
it gets to the nearest point
B. They don’t know about each other
B. A wave which is huge and crashes over
C. They like the same pressures
the ground near the road
D. They can’t find food with each other
C. A wave which falls abruptly over as hit-
909. The Modified Mercalli scale rates the ting the ground
amount of damage from an earthquake D. A wave which topples over as it nears
A. true by
B. false 915. What wave height factor involves the ex-
panse of water that wind blows across?
910. What causes tides?
A. Wind fetch
A. primarily the moon’s gravitational pull
B. Wind duration
B. Waves
C. Wind speed
C. Salinity
D. Wind direction
D. Earthquakes
916. Many of the unique properties of water
911. What percent of Earth is covered in wa- are attributed to the fact that water
ter?
A. is a polar molecule
A. 82%
B. exists in three states of matter on
B. 71% Earth’s surface
C. 93% C. contains ionic bonds
D. 65% D. requires heat to condense

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 100

917. Using the diagram above, which factor A. Lotic ; Saltwater


below does not influence the size of a
B. Lentic ; Freshwater
wave as it moves across the ocean?
C. Lotic ; Freshwater
D. Lentic ; Saltwater

922. New ocean basins are formed from which


of these geologic features?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mountain chains
A. The strength of the wind B. Subduction zones
B. The duration the wind blows C. Mantle plumes
C. The density of the ocean water
D. Mid-Ocean Ridges
D. The distance the wind blows across
the surface 923. THe number of wavelengths that pass by
918. Which expedition discovered the mid- a point each second is the
atlantic ridge and marianas trench A. wavelength
A. challenger expedition
B. frequency
B. charles wilkes
C. wave speed
C. vespucci
D. amplitude
D. ancient greek mathematicians
919. Large planktons with sizes from 2cm to 924. Crust
20cm.
A. outer layer
A. Holoplankton
B. very thin and brittle
B. Macroplankton
C. Megaplankton C. solid
D. Meroplankton D. made of brittle rock
920. Removal of salt in which salt is left be-
925. A subduction zone is an example of what
hind when water evaporates from concen-
type of boundary?
trated solutions of salt water is called
A. Evaporation formation A. convergent
B. Biological activity B. divergent

921. Is this body of water lentic or lotic, fresh- C. transform


water or saltwater? D. none of above

926. The figure shows the size relationship be-


tween the Sun and the eight planets in our
solar system. Which label correctly repre-
sents Earth in the figure?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 101

930. What is the name of the satellite that


measures the distribution of chlorophyll at
the ocean surface?

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A. EASTAR
B. TOPEX
C. GPS
D. AQUA
931. What are seamounts?
A. volcanoes that form on the ocean floor
A. 1
B. only found in the Pacific Ocean
B. 2
C. a special type of oceanic trench
C. 3
D. submarine canyons found near Aus-
D. 4 tralia
927. Which of the following would be consid- 932. What is this a picture of?
ered point source pollution:
A. A sewer pipe leak
B. Agricultural runoff
C. Pesticides
D. none of above
928. How much Salt is in 1000 grams of sea- A. plate tectonics
water B. continental drift
A. 84 grams C. pangea
B. 34 grams D. glacier scaring
C. 63 grams 933. The mass of all living organisms in an
D. 35 grams ecosystem is called
929. “A” represents: A. productivity
B. abiotic factor
C. biomass
D. salinity
934. Seawater is typically denser than fresh-
water due to seawaters-

A. Wave Height
B. Wave Train
C. Crest
D. Wavelength

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 102

A. greater depth A. intrusive igneous


B. smaller mass B. extrusive igneous
C. higher salinity C. metamorphic
D. lower freezing point D. sedimentary
935. What do geologists notice about the
940. The largest ocean on Earth is the
rocks along the sea floor?
A. Pacific
A. They get older as they get farther away

NARAYAN CHANGDER
from mid ocean ridges B. Arctic
B. They get thicker closer to continents C. Atlantic
C. Density is impossible to measure D. Antarctic
D. Youngest parts of the crust are along
the continents 941. Two types of water currents are

936. Ocean water does NOT contain dissolved


gases and nutrients. It is made of only
pure water.
A. true
B. false
937. The highest point of a wave
A. trough
B. wavelength A. local and global
C. crest B. sea and land
D. none of above C. surface and deep
938. What is the most common source of sand D. warm and cold
on beaches?
942. What is the total salt content of seawa-
A. sand from the river sediment brought ter? (p. 413)
down to the ocean
A. 3.5%
B. land next to the beach
B. 10%
C. offshore sediment
D. none of above C. 35%
D. 70%
939. What type of rocks contain fossils and
coal? 943. In order to survive in the deep zone, or-
ganisms need to be
A. cold and salt tolerant
B. cold tolerant only
C. salt tolerant only
D. either cold or salt tolerant

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 103

944. What is a main factor driving ocean cur- B. time


rents?
C. velocity

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A. Changes or differences in water den-
D. acceleration
sity
B. Rotation of the Earth 949. What will happen to coastal cities as sea
C. Revolution around the Sun levels start to rise

D. Amount of ozone layer A. cities will float


B. nothing will happen
945. Circumnavigated the world on the HMS
Beagle. Later devised the Theory of Natu- C. cities will flood
ral Selection from his observations on this D. none of above
expedition.
A. Captain James Cook 950. Ocean sediments consist of particles that
have slowly settled out of the water by
B. Charles Darwin which of the following the processes?
C. Matthew Maury
A. Grain lithification
D. Sir Wyville Thomas
B. Suspension settling
946. Which type of current occurs when sur- C. Porosity reduction
face water on the ocean becomes denser
than the water below it and sinks? D. Sediment compaction

A. Coriolis current 951. What are the deepest parts of the ocean?
B. deep current A. Abyssal Plains
C. surface current B. Trenches
D. upwelling C. Ocean ridges
947. What are the 3 types of plate bound- D. Continental slopes
aries?
952. Which element is the most abundant in
A. transform
ocean water?
B. friction
A. Sodium
C. divergent
B. Chloride
D. convergent
C. Magnesium
948. Gravity is a force, and it weakens with D. sulfate

953. Deep ocean trenches are associated with

A. rift valleys
B. transform faults
C. subduction zones
A. distance D. turbidity currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 104

954. Molten (liquid) rock from tectonic activity 959. Which of the following is a threat to coral
reefs?
A. salt
A. oil spills
B. Chlorine
B. sewage
C. Sodium
C. pesticides
D. Basalt
D. all of the above
955. What is an underwater mountain range 960. What causes ocean tides?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
where new ocean floor is made?
A. Atmospheric winds
A. subduction B. Ocean currents
B. mid-ocean ridge C. Earth’s rotation
C. deep-sea trench D. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun
D. none of above 961. A hurricane hunter, according to the Hur-
ricanes article by Erin Ryan, has the fol-
956. What is the name of this tool? lowing job description:
A. hunts down the parties responsible for
the hurricane
B. sends small electrical devices into the
hurricane to study the wind patterns
C. chases down tornadoes
D. pilots a plane through a hurricane
A. His Net
962. Alfred Wegener’s theory is called the:
B. Sediment Sieve
A. Continental Drift
C. Current Meter
B. Tectonic Plates
D. Niskin Bottle C. Accretion
957. sediment settles in this area.continental D. Pangea
963. There is an absence of in the abyssal
A. rise zone.
B. slope A. Pressure
C. shelf B. Oxygen
C. Gravity
D. none of above
D. Sunlight
958. Pelagic sediment could be composed of
964. What technology do scientists use to
measure ocean depth?
A. fine-grained clay A. sonar
B. skeletons of microscopic organisms B. laser
C. volcanic ash C. rope
D. all of the above D. submersible

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 105

965. The blue-ringed octopus has an ex- C. solvent properties


tremely toxic bite and can flash its electric- D. nonpolar
blue rings when threatened by a predator.

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Their blue-ringed markings are an example 970. an aspect of the physical environment
of that affects living organisms, such as light,
salinity, or temperature.
A. physical factor
B. natural selection
C. biological factor
D. none of above
A. camouflage
971. Warm ocean currents generally come
B. disruptive coloration from
C. warning coloration A. The North Pole
D. mimicry B. The South Pole
966. What is the average salinity of the C. The Equator
oceans? D. Both A and B
A. .035% Explanation:Warm ocean currents gener-
B. .35% ally come from the Equator because it re-
ceives the most direct sunlight, causing
C. 35% the water to heat up. This warm water
D. 3.5% then flows towards the poles, transfer-
ring heat from the equator to cooler re-
967. What makes up most of the water on gions. The North Pole and South Pole have
Earth? cold ocean currents due to the lower tem-
A. Salt water peratures in those areas.
B. Fresh water 972. How would the porosity of the poorly
sorted sediment compare to the well
968. Which ocean has the highest salinity?
sorted sediment?
A. Indian
B. North Atlantic
C. South Atlantic
D. Arctic
E. Caribbean Sea
A. It would be greater in the poorly
969. Which characteristic of water will allow
sorted sediment
a paperclip to remain floating on water
when the paperclip is gently placed on top B. It would be less in the poorly sorted
of the water? sediment
A. adhesion C. It would be the same in both
B. surface tension D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 106

973. What creates new ocean floor? 979. Which moon phase is shown in this dia-
A. Convergent plate boundaries gram?

B. San Andreas Fault


C. Hydrothermal Vents
D. Divergent plate boundaries

974. What is the name of this vessel and


which organization operates it?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. new moon
A. Aircraft Carrier, USN B. first quarter
B. Cutter, USCG C. full moon
C. Submarine, USN D. last quarter/3rd quarter
D. Submersible
980. THIS IS THE NAME OF THE MAIN SALT IN
975. A meridian is another name the The THE OCEAN.
0o meridian runs through A. SODIUM CHLORIDE
A. a latitude line, the equator B. SODIUM MAGNESIUM
B. a longitude line, Greenwich England C. SODIUM FLUORIDE
C. a longitude line, the widest part of the D. none of above
earth
981. The force of the Earth’s atmosphere is?
D. none of above
A. Air Fronts
976. When water molecules continue to pile on B. Cold Fronts
top of each other to form tiny liquid water
droplets. C. Air Pressure

A. Condensation D. Warm Fronts

B. Evaporation 982. Lies between the high tide and low tide
lines, it is submerged during high tide and
C. Vaporization
exposed during low tide.
D. Precipitation
A. backshore
977. True or false:Hydrogenous sediment B. foreshore
makes up a majority of the sediment in
C. nearshore
the oceans.
D. offshore
A. True
B. False 983. What causes the Coriolis Effect?
A. The deflection of currents due to tem-
978. Deep currents are the result of perature changes
A. Differences in temperature and den- B. The gravitational pull of the moon on
sity the Earth’s oceans
B. Winds C. The rotation of the Earth on its axis
C. A reaction with surface currents D. The net motion of currents resulting
D. Geological activity from wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 107

984. What answer choice best describes an oil 989. The large, circular surface-current pat-
cleanup method used for getting to inacces- tern found in each ocean.
sible locations?

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A. California Current
A. Using Oil Blooms B. Surface Current
B. Using Skimmers
C. Gyre
C. Using Sorbents
D. Global Conveyor Belt
D. Burning In-Situ
990. Estuaries are near oceans and are pro-
E. Hot Water and High Pressure Washing
tected areas where fresh and saltwater
985. Waves called breakers typically are mix. They are vital to the ecosystem be-
found in the open ocean. cause they have high amounts of-
A. True A. dissolved oxygen
B. False B. salinity
C. algae blooms
986. Who founded the first school of naviga-
tion in 1420? D. biological activity
A. Prince Henry 991. An unmanned, highly maneuverable, re-
B. Ferdinand Magellan motely operated underwater vehicle oper-
ated by a person onboard the ship to which
C. Christopher Columbus
it is tethered.
D. Charles Darwin
A. AUV
987. Powerful ocean storms with wind and B. ROV
rain
C. Side Scan Sonar
A. Thunderstorm
D. Underwater Camera
B. Hurricane
C. Tornado 992. During osmosis
D. Tropical Storm A. water moves from high to low concen-
tration
988. Which region of Virginia is East of the fall
B. large or oddly shaped molecules move
line?
across a cell membrane
C. water moves when energy is used
D. proteins are built

993. Ocean currents move in different direc-


tions in different hemispheres. What
causes this?
A. The Piedmont A. the Doppler Effect
B. the Coastal Plain B. the Coriolis Effect
C. the Valley and Ridge C. the Equatorial Effect
D. the Blue Ridge D. the Centripetal Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 108

994. What are the differences in high tide and B. If the water is more shallow, then the
low tide during a neap tide? salinity will be higher.
A. very small difference C. If the water is from the Pacific Ocean,
B. no difference the salinity will be lower.
C. extreme differences D. If the air temperature is higher, then
the salinity will be higher.
D. none of above
999. The Coriolis effect causes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
995. Select ALL that COULD occur during a full
moon A. global winds and surface currents to
move in a curved path instead of a straight
A. solar eclipse
line
B. lunar eclipse
B. continental deflection
C. neap tide
C. the Earth to rotate on its axis
D. spring tide
D. global winds and deep ocean currents
996. The scientific study of the ocean is called to move in a curved path instead of a
straight line.
A. Astronomy 1000. What is the zone located at 500-3, 000
B. Medicine feet below sea level
C. Oceanography A. deep zone
D. Paleontology B. twilight zone
C. lymphatic zone
997. High tides and low tides each happen
times per day. D. shallow zone
A. 4 1001. The general movements of the ocean
B. 2 waters are called
C. 1 A. Ocean Currents
D. 24 B. Tidal Waves

998. A researcher collected a surface water C. Global Winds


sample from the locations marked A and D. Poles
B on the map above. Which statement be-
low is the most reasonable hypothesis for 1002. A deep sea trench can be found
why Sample B was higher in salinity than A. On a continent
Sample A?
B. At a subduction zone
C. Off the East Coast of the US
D. In the United States

1003. A v-shaped crevice on the ocean floor


that is the deepest point.

A. If the location is closer to the equator, A. Ocean Trench


then the salinity will be lower. B. Rift Valley

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 109

C. Seamounts 1008. Which letter represents destructive in-


terference?
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge

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1004. The West coasts generally have wa-
ter currents.

A. A
B. B
C. C
A. warm D. none of above

B. cold 1009. Winds that blow over long distances in


predictable patterns are called
1005. What are the five oceans?
A. Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, Indian,
Southern
B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, South-
ern
C. Artic, Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Gulf
Shores
D. none of above

1006. Which of the following leads to an in- A. seasonal winds


crease in the salinity (more salt) in the B. strong winds
ocean?
C. global winds
A. evaporation
D. local winds
B. precipitation
1010. Currents move in the south hemi-
C. melting of the polar ice caps sphere.
D. snow A. clockwise
1007. A dinoflagellate is an organism charac- B. counter clockwise
terized by C. south
A. Frustule that has two interlocking D. north
parts
1011. What is NOT a physical property of
B. a silica internal supporting structure oceans? (Describes how something be-
C. Disks that prevent too much sunlight haves)
from entering the cell A. Waves show ocean movement
D. one or two flagella B. Currents show ocean movement

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 110

C. Tides show ocean movement 1016. What is the driving force of the deep
D. Algae grows in the ocean water ocean conveyor belt?
A. Winds push the deep water into the Pa-
1012. exceptionally high and low tides; occur
cific and Indian oceans.
because the sun, moon, and earth are all
aligned B. Gravity from the moon pulls the water
towards the equator.
A. spring tide
C. The spinning of Earth makes the deep
B. neap tide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
water current run in circular paths.
C. mixed tide
D. Very cold temperatures at the poles
D. diurnal create very cold, salty water that pushes
1013. THESE ARE DEEP NARROW VALLEYS the deep water current.
A. TRENCHES 1017. Where would you expect to find the
B. RIFTS highest levels of salinity at the ocean’s sur-
face?
C. VALLEYS
A. at the mouth of the Amazon River
D. GULLIES
B. in areas with large amounts of rainfall
1014. A layer in an ocean or other body of
water in which water density increases C. at the equator because of higher evap-
rapidly with depth. oration
D. under a melting glacier in the Arctic

1018. Which is not a stage of reef formation?


A. Bleaching
B. Fringing
C. Barrier
A. halocline D. Atoll
B. thermocline
1019. Oceanographers classify coasts as
C. pycnocline
A. fun or lame
D. sverdrups
B. water temperature
1015. How can DO (dissolved oxygen) levels
decrease? Make sure all parts of your an- C. the physical processes at work (depo-
swer choice are correct. sition or erosion)

A. warm water, aquatic animals respir- D. republican or democrat


ing, bacteria using DO to decompose 1020. What is the Earth mostly covered with?
(break down) dead organisms
B. cold water, water plants photosynthe-
sizing, fish respiring
C. cold temperatures, fish dying, plants
photosynthesizing
D. fish dying, bacteria breaking down
dead organisms, waves, wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 111

A. Land 1025. Most of Earth’s freshwater is unavail-


able because it is
B. Water

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A. in the atmosphere
C. Continents
B. underground
D. Natural Resources
C. frozen
1021. Ekman transport is degrees to the D. in lakes and rivers
in the SOUTHERN Hemisphere
A. 45 degrees, left 1026. Oceanic crust is composed of

B. 45 degrees, right A. Basalt

C. 90 degrees, left B. Granite


C. Pyrite
D. 90 degrees, right
D. Hematite
1022. What prompted the development of
sonar and the magnetometer? 1027. Which of the following is not a factor
that influences ocean circulation patterns?
A. Fishing
A. Wind patterns
B. The use of boats
B. Ocean tides
C. The use of submarines
C. Earth’s rotation
D. Scuba Diving
D. Temperature variations
1023. How do ocean currents affect the air
1028. The basic ocean motions are
around them?
A. waves, tides, and rivers
A. warm currents warm the air above
them; cold currents cool the air above B. waves, tides, and currents
them C. tides, currents, and springs
B. warm currents cool the air above D. tides, currents, depth
them; cold currents warm the air above
them 1029. Which ocean above is the largest of the
C. warm currents dry the air above them; five world oceans?
cold currents moisten the air above them
D. currents do not affect the air around
them

1024. A zone in which the ocean’s salinity in-


creases rapidly with increasing depth is
called: A. Pacific
A. a halocline. B. Southern
B. a metacline. C. Arctic
C. a pycnocline. D. Indian
D. a thermocline. E. Atlantic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 112

1030. Why is it so hard to clean up the C. nitrogen


Garbage Patch? D. oxygen
A. it is too large
1036. This moves extremely fast off the con-
B. the pieces have photodegraded into tinental slope.
microplastics
A. swells
C. plastics still exist and will continue to
pollute the ocean B. tsunami

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. all of the above C. wave train
D. turbidity current
1031. Whis scientific name tells us what about
the organism’s classification:Panthera 1037. Which phase of the moon is represented
tigris in this diagram?
A. genus and species
B. genus only
C. species only
D. phylum and class

1032. The reason the experiment is being car-


ried out A. new moon
A. Analysis B. first quarter
B. Hypothesis C. full moon
C. Purpose D. last quarter/third quarter
D. Research Explanation:The diagram represents the
‘full moon’ phase. During this phase, the
1033. What is used to measure turbidity? moon is on the opposite side of the Earth
A. thermometer from the Sun, and its entire disk is illumi-
nated. This is why it appears bright and
B. disk section completely circular in the sky. The other
C. refractometer options, ‘new moon’, ‘first quarter’, and
D. universal indicator ‘last quarter/third quarter’, do not match
the representation in the diagram.
1034. Solids dissolve the quickest in
1038. Most earthquakes tend to occur at
A. Hot Water which location?
B. Cold Water
C. Room Temp Water
D. Ice

1035. The ocean is becoming more acidic as


it absorbs additional from the atmo-
sphere.
A. ammonia A. The central regions of very large conti-
B. carbon dioxide nents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 113

B. Groups of islands farthest from any B. SOund Navigation And Ranging


continents C. SOund Nautical Aquatic Radar

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C. The boundaries between continents D. none of above
and oceans
D. The steep slopes of the very oldest 1043. Which type of sediment is formed from
mountains the accumulation of the hard parts of ma-
rine organisms?
1039. Choose the correct option
A. Terrigenous sediment
B. Hydrogenous sediment
C. Biogenous sediment
D. Cosmogenous sediment

1044. Fetch is:


A. wind speed
A. Continental Rise
B. wind direction
B. Continental Shelf
C. distance over which the wind travels
C. Abyss
D. depth of water
D. Trench
1045. a division of the benthic zone, the bot-
1040. Which ocean floor feature is associated
tom from the continental slope out to the
with divergent plates?
open ocean
A. Mid Ocean Ridges
A. bottom zone
B. Trenches
B. abyssal zone
C. Abyssal Plains
C. epipelagic zone
D. Continental Shelf
D. In the bathyal zone
1041. Identify the ocean at location #1
1046. What is one way that the salinity de-
creases in the ocean?
A. Increased evaporation of ocean water
B. Reduced human activities affecting
ocean salinity
C. Freshwater input from rivers, streams,
A. Southern Ocean and precipitation
B. Arctic Ocean D. Decreased ice melting in the polar re-
C. Atlantic Ocean gions
D. Indian Ocean 1047. Which of the following currents have
1042. SONAR technology helps navigate the the greatest impact and chance to reshape
ocean floor. SONAR stands for the shoreline?

A. Sound Oscillation Nautical Aquatic A. flood


Radar B. ebb

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 114

C. tidal B. compressional; shear


D. longshore C. secondary; primary
1048. Separated from land by a lagoon. D. surface; body
A. Atoll.
B. Barrier reef. 1054. A group of currents that come together
to form circular rotation currents are
C. Fringing reef. called:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. None of these.
A. benthic
1049. Defined by the meeting of the ocean cur- B. Coreolis Effect
rents rather than by continent boundaries
A. Pacific C. gyres

B. Arctic D. seamounts
C. Southern
1055. A set of devices to sift through and an-
D. Indian alyze sediment grain size by composition.
1050. organisms that live on or in the bottom A. Core Sampler
A. benthos
B. Dredge
B. neuston
C. Grab Sampler
C. littoral
D. Sediment Sieves
D. heterotrophs

1051. Which is NOT a main discipline of 1056. Which two factors affect the density of
Oceanography? ocean water?
A. Geological A. The amount of oxygen in the water and
B. Chemical temperature
C. Ethical B. The amount of oxygen in the water and
D. Physical salinity

1052. What is the tool used to measure salin- C. The temperature of the water and
ity? salinity

A. cut disk D. The clarity and color of the water


B. thermometer
1057. What is the amount of space in between
C. barometer soil particles?
D. hydrometer
A. aquifer
E. saltimeter
B. permeability
1053. A P wave exhibits motion, whereas
an S wave displays motion. C. porosity
A. shear; compressional D. divide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 115

1058. The second abundant element that C. Dense granite rock


makes up the core is D. Light granite rock

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1061. What form is this organism? (Image 1)

A. Polyp
A. nickel
B. iron B. Medusa

C. oxygen 1062. Which State Capital City is currently dry


D. calcium but is highly likely to receive rain in the
next 24 hours or so?
1059. What is structure B?

A. Continental Shelf
A. Melbourne
B. Continental Slope
B. Darwin
C. Continental Rise
C. Perth
D. Trench
D. Brisbane
1060. Oceanic crust is largely made of
1063. What is the difference between a vol-
canic island & a seamount?
A. A volcanic island rises above the sur-
face of the water & a seamount does not
B. A seamount rises above the surface of
the water & a volcanic island does not
C. Both the seamount & volcanic island
are underwater
A. Dense basalt rock D. Both the seamount & the volcanic is-
B. Light basalt rock land rise above the water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 116

1064. What would be located at D or H 1067. What is the best description of a density
current
A. surface winds cause cold, dense water
to sink beneath less dense water
B. upwelling causes cold, dense water to
sink beneath less dense water
C. gravity causes cold, dense water to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sink beneath less dense water
A. Crest
D. gravity causes cold, dense water to
B. Trough rise above less dense water
C. Wavelength
1068. Winds move from areas of pressure
D. Wave Height to areas of pressure
1065. Which is NOT a process of the water cy- A. From high to low pressure
cle? B. From low to high pressure
A. precipitation 1069. Gyres are created by
B. freezing A. plate tectonics
C. transpiration B. the edges of continents
D. evaporation C. the Coriolis Effect
1066. Which ocean in Figure 14-1 is repre- D. giant wind turbines.
sented by Point A?
1070. What happens to a hurricane as it
moves over land?
A. they get stronger
B. they die out and lose energy
C. They are all caused by low pressure
D. they create more hurricanes

1071. Plankton
A. drift with the current.
B. actively swim hunting for prey.
C. live in/on the mud of the ocean floor.
D. none of above

1072. Which of the following zones of an


aquifer has the highest elevation?
A. Pacific A. contributing zone
B. Atlantic B. artesian zone
C. Indian C. irrigation zone
D. Arctic D. recharge zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 117

1073. What is a food chain? 1079. What is the name of the body of water
A. A series of steps in which organ- between the United Kingdom and France?

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isms transfer energy by eating and being A. Bay of Biscay
eaten. B. Irish Sea
B. A network of feeding interactions C. North Sea
C. A diagram that shows the amount of D. English Channel
energy transferred in each trophic level
D. None of these 1080. Which of the following drives global
thermohaline (conveyor belt) circulation?
1074. Which of the following did the Polyne- A. changes in pH
sians not use in voyaging?
B. changes in gravity
A. The position of the stars
C. changes in density
B. The flight patterns of birds
D. changes in wind direction and velocity
C. The current and the tides
D. A compass 1081. Which zone has few nutrients and few
organisms?
1075. the edge of a continent A. photic
A. continental shelf B. neritic
B. continental margin C. oceanic
C. continental slope D. benthic
D. continental rise
1082. Sediments with an extraterrestrial ori-
1076. What is the uppermost zone of the gin are called
ocean called? A. cosmogenous
A. Sunlight B. lithogenous
B. Midnight C. biogenous
C. Trench D. hydrogenous
D. Twilight
1083. Island once exposed, but eroded and has
1077. The Coriolis Effect is caused by what? a flat top now underwater
A. The wind blowing A. He says good evening
B. Earth’s gravity pulling things down B. Plateau
C. The rotation of the Earth C. Guyot
D. The pull of the Moon D. Volcanic Island
1078. Ocean currents are the result of ALL of 1084. Phytoplankton in the ocean reflect what
the following, except: color?
A. prevailing wind belts A. blue
B. the shape of the ocean basin B. red
C. Coriolis force C. green
D. shifting tectonic plates D. yellow

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 118

1085. What organisms were lost at the end of 1091. The abrupt transition from the continen-
the Mesozoic era? tal shelf to the continental slope
A. Dinosaurs A. continental margin
B. Bacteria B. shore break
C. Furry Mammals C. continental slope
D. Plant-life D. shelf break

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1086. High-energy environments are most
likely to deposit which one of the follow- 1092. What part of the continental margin is
ing? located at letter A?

A. Large particles such as gravel A. Continental slope

B. Cosmogenous Sediments B. Continental Shelf


C. Manganese nodules C. Continental rise
D. Silt-sized particles D. none of above
E. Clay-sized sediments
1093. Which of the following are resources the
1087. What are tides caused by? ocean can be used for
A. the sun’s heat A. biomedical
B. the moon’s gravitational pull B. fisheries
C. earth’s rotation C. drilling
D. none of above D. All of the above
1088. The amount of space between soil is:
1094. Sarah can float more easily in ocean wa-
A. Porosity ter than in water in a swimming pool. Why
B. Permeability is it easier for her to float in ocean water?
A. ocean water is denser
1089. The part of the continental margin that
begins a the shoreline B. ocean water is deeper
A. Continental Shelf C. there is a larger volume of ocean wa-
B. Continental Slope ter to float in

C. Continental Rise D. she has a smaller mass in ocean water


D. Abyssal Plain 1095. The seafloor of oceanic crust thinner but
1090. the band of coast alternately covered more dense than continental crust. Oceanic
and uncovered by tidal action; the inter- crust is commonly composed of this kind of
tidal zone. mafic igneous bedrock.

A. littoral zone A. Granite


B. photic zone B. Basalt
C. pelagic zone C. Obsidian
D. none of above D. Sandstone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 119

1096. Which of the following Vikings is cred- D. High tides get gradually higher and low
ited with discovering Greenland? tides get gradually lower throughout the
lunar cycle.

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A. Erik Thorvaldson
B. Bjarni Herjolfsson 1100. In general, when precipitation falls to
C. Leif Eriksson Earth it either or (Select two an-
swers)
D. Thor Heyerdahl
A. forms glaciers
1097. The events labeled 1 and 3 are called B. runs off
C. condenses
D. infiltrates

1101. We can find the tectonic plates on the:


A. Lithosphere
B. Atmosphere
A. solstices
C. Asthenosphere
B. equinoxes
D. Lithuanisphere
1098. This amount of energy is at the bottom
of an ecological pyramid. 1102. A quick change in ocean water temper-
A. 1% ature between the surface and bottom is
called this?
B. 10%
A. Density Difference
C. 0.1%
B. Halocline
D. 100%
C. Thermocline
1099. The data table above contains informa-
D. Upwelling
tion about high and low tides for a particu-
lar location. The data in this table best sup- 1103. During a(n) event, trade winds are
ports which of the following conclusions? much stronger than usual.
A. The boy
B. The girl
C. Normal
D. Partly sunny
A. The difference between high and low
tides is greatest during a new or full 1104. The difference between centripetal
moon. forces & gravitational forces is called the
B. The high and low tides are always ex-
actly the same during first and third quar- A. solar force
ter moons.
B. dynamic force
C. The highest high and lowest low tides
usually happen a few days after we see a C. resultant force
full moon. D. tidal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 120

1105. Continental crust is composed of C. Buoy


A. Basalt D. Sail drone
B. Granite
1111. Which of the following is Earth’s rigid
C. Pyrite layer that includes the crust plus the top-
D. Hematite most portion of the mantle?

1106. Which has the greatest impact on tides?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Sun
B. Moon
C. Waves
D. Currents

1107. causes the Coriolis Effect


A. Earth’s rotation
B. gravity A. Asthenosphere
C. wind B. Inner Core
D. density C. Lithosphere
1108. The large current systems in the ocean D. Mesosphere
that carry warm water to the poles and
1112. Rhythmic movement that carries energy
cold water toward the equator are
through matter
A. wave
B. motion

1113. Lipids are a major source of energy stor-


age material that adds buoyancy to plank-
ton such as copepods and diatoms.
A. convection
A. True
B. density
B. False
C. convection density
D. none of above 1114. Read the section “Biological Oceanog-
raphy.”Which sentence from the section
1109. Ocean currents are stream-like in move- shows the goal of most biological oceanog-
ments in water in the ocean. raphers?
A. True A. Marine biologists and scientists who
B. False work in fisheries are examples of biolog-
ical oceanographers.
1110. reflects sound waves off of the bottom B. These changes may include increased
to map the ocean floor. pollution and warming waters.
A. Multibeam Sonar C. The Cetacean Sanctuary Research
B. CTD Project is a marine biology program.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 121

D. By analyzing these animals’ behav- D. creates a wall that disrupts vegetation


ior, oceanographers hope to protect the along the coastline
area’s marine life.

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1119. A weighted, hollow steel tube that is
1115. True or False Salinity increases as ocean used to collect sediment samples as it pen-
depth increases. etrates the seafloor.
A. Core Sampler
B. Dredge
C. Grab Sampler
D. Sediment Sieves

1120. El Nino is when ocean surface tempera-


ture are:
A. warmer than average
B. cooler than average
C. in a stead state
D. none of above
A. True
B. False 1121. There is only about 1% of freshwater
available for use on Earth.
1116. Coriolis Effect is an optical illusion that A. True
makes things like planes, ships, and cur-
B. False
rents traveling long distances around the
Earth appear to move in a curve rather 1122. Which ocean layer has the highest den-
than a straight line sity?
A. True A. The surface zone
B. False B. The deep zone
1117. Organisms that use sunlight to create C. The transition zone
their food are called D. Density does not change in the ocean
A. nekton layers.

B. phytoplankton 1123. How are deep currents formed?


C. benthos A. From wind blowing across the ocean’s
surface
D. none of above
B. From colder, saltier water sinking
1118. Adding large amounts of sand to our
C. From warmer, less salty water floating
coast helps to stabilize our shoreline.
What is a disadvantage of this? D. From Earth rotating on its axis
A. causes inland erosion 1124. How are the oceans used as sources of
B. short-term solution alternative energy?

C. creates a barrier that prevents tides A. Harnessing wave and tidal energy
from occuring B. Extracting oil and gas reserves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 122

C. Building wind farms on the ocean floor 1129. “C” on the Ocean Floor diagram repre-
sents the
D. Using geothermal energy from under-
water volcanoes

1125. What are currents?


A. the daily rise and fall of water on the
coastlines
A. Continental Slope

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. large streams of moving water flowing
through the oceans B. Abyssal Plain
C. the movement of energy through a C. Continental Rise
body of water
D. Ocean Trench
D. large waves generated by earth-
quakes 1130. What’s the main difference between
pure water and seawater?
1126. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di-
rection of winds and currents is called the A. The amount of living creatures in it
. B. Where it comes from
A. The girl C. The amount of sand in it
B. The boy D. The amount of salt in it
C. Coriolis effect
1131. Omnivores consume
D. Currents
A. Plants and meat
1127. Scientific knowledge is ultimately based B. meat ONLY
on
C. plants ONLY
A. scientists observations
D. dead organisms
B. scientists hypothesis
C. scientists materials lists 1132. A layer of permeable rock that retains
and filters water.
D. scientists written procedure.
A. Drainage Divide
1128. Large bodies of water help to keep B. Surface Water
nearby climates from being too hot or too
cold because they C. Water Table

A. absorb heat in the spring and slowly D. Aquifer


release that heat in the fall
1133. What effect does the Coriolis Effect
B. absorb heat in the fall and slowly re- have on Surface Currents?
lease that heat in the spring
A. Causes them to move south
C. absorb heat in the summer and slowly
B. Causes them to move in a circle
release that heat in the winter
C. Causes them to move north
D. absorb heat in the winter and slowly
release that heat in the summer D. Only effects winds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 123

1134. Arrange the “average temperature” of B. Bivalve


the surface water of the sea from “highest
C. Cephalopod
to lowest”.

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D. none of above

1138. The east coast of South America seems


to fit into the wet coast of Africa, this ev-
idence for Continental Drift is called
A. fit/shape of continents

A. 1 2 3 B. fossil evidence
B. 3 2 1 C. geologic evidence
C. 2 1 3 D. climate evidence
D. 1 3 2
1139. Led an expedition across Panama, be-
1135. What is a Density Current coming the first European to see the Pacific
A. A density current is a type of wind pat- Ocean from the new world.
tern that occurs in the atmosphere. A. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
B. A density current is a horizontal move- B. John Cabot
ment of water in the ocean or a lake that
is caused by differences in water density. C. Christopher Columbus
C. A density current is a vertical move- D. Ferdinand Magellan
ment of water in the ocean or a lake.
D. A density current is a term used to de- 1140. What is the continental slope?
scribe the flow of electricity in a circuit.

1136. What is the most abundant elements in


the seawater?
A. Sodium Chloride
B. Potassium
A. Flat part of continental margin
C. Sulfate
B. Large flat area on ocean floor
D. Magnesium
C. Deep hole on ocean floor
1137. What Mollusk group does the picture be-
long to? D. Steep boundary between continental
and oceanic crust

1141. What day did the Titanic hit the iceberg?


A. April 14, 1912
B. April 10, 1912
C. April 15, 1912
A. Gastropod D. April 11, 1912

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 124

1142. Toward what direction does a West 1146. When a current bounces off a continent
wind blow. and changes direction, this is called

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. east
B. south
C. north
A. Global Winds
D. west
B. Deflection
1143. How did the Challenger expedition mea- C. The Coriolis Effect
sure the depth of the oceans in the late
D. Redirection
1800’s?
A. SONAR technology 1147. What is the driving force of tidal move-
ment?
B. a deep sea diver
A. earth’s gravity
C. a weighted line
B. moons’ gravity
D. none of above
C. Sun’s gravity
1144. What type of water is in the Ocean? D. ocean’s gravity
1148. Light penetrates the ocean in the photic
zone down to
A. 200 Meters
B. 1000 Meters
C. 3500 Meters
D. To the bottom
A. regular water
1149. Below the CCD, you would find more
B. salt water
ooze.
C. fresh water A. calcareous
D. spring water B. siliceous
1145. What is the percentage of Earth’s 1150. Wetlands are important to the Chesa-
known organisms that live in the ocean? peake Bay Watershed because they
A. 100% A. reduce sediment pollution
B. 95% B. increase water temperature
C. 75% C. increase nutrient pollution
D. 50% D. Increase runoff

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 125

1151. This vessel went the deepest of all, 35, 1156. Cold Water Currents begin near the
801 feet down and was the first vessel and travel to the
to go to Challenger Deep in the Marianas

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A. Poles; Equator
Trench.
B. Equator; Equator
A. Alvin
C. Poles; Poles
B. Nautilus
D. Equator; Poles
C. Trieste
1157. Cold ocean currents generally come from
D. Turtle
A. The North Pole
1152. At producer level if the energy level was B. The South Pole
at 10, 000 kcal, how much of energy level C. The Equator
is at primary consumer?
D. Either Pole
A. 100 kcal
1158. Select 3 of the 4 Answer Options. The
B. 1, 000 kcal
three types of rocks, also featured in the
C. 10 kcal music video we watched in class, are:
D. 100, 000 kcal A. Igneous
B. Metamorphic
1153. is the principle source of dissolved
salts in the ocean. C. Sedimentary

A. rain D. Lava

B. sea life 1159. Which of these is NOT an ocean layer?


C. weathering and erosion A. surface mixed zone

D. deflation B. shallow zone


C. transition zone
1154. Primary photosynthetic structure of the D. deep zone
seaweed (where the photosynthesis takes
place) 1160. Which of the following describes
A. Blade Venus?
A. Terrestrial, atmosphere, two moons
B. Holdfast
B. Terrestrial, no atmosphere, no moons
C. Bulb / Gas Bladder Pneumatocyst
C. Terrestrial, atmosphere, no moons
D. Stipe
D. Terrestrial, atmosphere, one moon
1155. El Niño the trade winds causing the
1161. Who was the first European to sail the
warm pool to move
Pacific?
A. weakens or reverses; west A. Vespucci
B. intensifies; east B. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
C. weakens or reverses; east C. charles wilkes
D. intensifies; east D. challenger expedition

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 126

1162. Any permanent or continuous, directed 1166. Most ocean waves are formed by
movement of ocean water that flows in A. earthquakes
one of the Earth’s oceans.
B. landslides
A. Ocean
C. impacts of cosmic bodies
B. Ocean Current
D. wind
C. Ocean Salinity
1167. Where is the warmest water found?
D. Ocean Basin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. At the surface
1163. Who first proposed the theory of conti- B. in the middle layer (thermocline)
nental drift’? C. at the bottom (deep ocean)
A. Galileo D. none of above
B. Wegener
1168. The bathyl zone is where sunlight
C. Hess A. Is brightest
D. none of above B. does not exist

1164. Which of the following statements re- C. begins to fade into darkness
garding pH is true? D. creates photsynthetic plankton
A. pH relates to relative acid-base ion bal- 1169. How long was the Titanic?
ance in a solution.
A. 53, 000 tons
B. Buffers accelerate large changes in
B. 882 1/2 feet
the pH of a solution.
C. 900 feet
C. As a whole, the pH of the ocean is
slightly acidic. D. 809 1/2 feet

D. pH will change in deeper water when 1170. Tiny algae and animals that float in wa-
organisms with calcite shells sink. ter and are carried by waves and currents.
A. Nekton
1165. What is # 3 in the Earth’s crust?
B. Plankton
C. Benthos
D. Squidward

1171. The steep incline to the ocean floor

A. inner core
B. outer core
C. crust
D. mantle A. Mid-Ocean-Ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 127

B. Seamount 1177. Describe the impact of surface currents


C. Continental Slope on marine life.

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D. Continental Shelf A. Surface currents only impact the tem-
perature of the water
1172. Why is there high salinity in the
Mediterranean Sea (between Africa and B. Surface currents cause marine life to
Europe)? become more abundant
A. precipitation C. Surface currents have no impact on
B. evaporation marine life

C. volcanoes D. Surface currents can impact marine


life by influencing the distribution of nu-
D. deposition
trients, temperature, and oxygen levels,
1173. Coriolis force is why toilet water in the which in turn affects the abundance and
southern hemisphere spin the opposite di- distribution of marine organisms.
rection when they are flushed
1178. Which of the following forms at mid-
A. True
ocean ridges?
B. False
A. island arcs
1174. Most surface ocean currents are caused
B. deep-sea trenches
by
A. tides C. guyots
B. evaporation D. new ocean floor
C. prevailing winds
1179. What feature is E?
D. salinity differences
1175. The measure of the force of water press-
ing on its surroundings.
A. water pressure
B. buoyancy
C. density A. Volcanic island

D. air pressure B. Seamount

1176. Enviornmental Oceanography is the C. Mid-ocean ridge


study of D. Abyssal plain
A. marine pollution and human effects on
the ocean. 1180. What is the composition of the deep-
B. instruments and technology used to ex- ocean basin?
plore the ocean. A. Limestone
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes B. Sandstone
and mountains.
C. Basalt
D. ocean currents and motions of the
ocean. D. Granite

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 128

1181. As the ocean depth increases, how to C. 20 ppt


temperature and density change? D. 50 ppt
A. it gets colder and more dense
1186. Which letter indicates the continental
B. it gets colder and less dense shelf?
C. it gets warmer and more dense
D. it gets warmer and less dense

1182. The control group, or the normal group,

NARAYAN CHANGDER
is needed for:
A. Keeping aspects of experiment con-
stant
B. Comparison
A. A
C. Hypothesis formation
B. B
D. Application of the manipulated vari-
able C. C
D. D
1183. When the moon is at full moon or new
moon, what type of tide will we experi- 1187. In 1978 NASA launched the first
ence? oceanographic satellite.
A. rip tide A. SEASAT
B. spring tide B. International Space Station
C. neap tide C. Challenger
D. breaker tide D. Apollo 11
1184. This is a picture of a 1188. The bottom point of a wave is the:
A. amplitude
B. crest
C. trough
D. wavelength

1189. What ocean is the blue circle in? Which


line of latitude is it nearest?

A. Spit
B. Bar
C. Bobbin
D. Longshore Drift

1185. Typical ocean salinity is


A. 35 ppt
B. 45 ppt A. Southern / Antarctic Circle

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 129

B. Arctic/ Arctic Circle B. Chinese army


C. Southern/ Artic Circle C. Magellan

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D. Indian/ Southern Circle D. sonar

1190. The buoyancy of an object is how well 1194. The height of a wave is MOST affected
it by the
A. SInks A. speed of the wind
B. Floats B. speed of the ocean
C. Tilts C. salinity of the ocean
D. Holds water D. amount of solar energy

1191. When a wave approaches shore, the 1195. What is an upwelling


bottom of the wave A. Cold nutrient water
A. speeds up B. Warm nutrient water
B. slows down C. Cool nutrient water
C. doesn’t change D. none of above
D. turnsperpendicular to the shore
Explanation:As a wave approaches the 1196. What is number 9
shore, the bottom of the wave slows down
due to friction with the ocean floor. This
causes the wave to become steeper and
eventually break, creating surf. The other
options, such as speeding up, not chang-
ing, or turning perpendicular to the shore, A. Abyssal Plain
do not accurately describe the behavior B. Mid-ocean Ridge
of a wave’s bottom as it approaches the
shore. C. Deep-ocean Trench
D. Deep-ocean Basin
1192. Letter G represents a
1197. This is the zone of the ocean that is the
deepest.
A. abyssal
B. trenches

A. mid ocean ridge C. midnight

B. seamount D. oceanic

C. continental rise 1198. Zooplankton are -like organisms.


D. trench A. Plant

1193. What first accurately mapped the ocean B. Animal


floor? C. Vertebrate
A. The Spanish armada D. Invertebrate

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 130

1199. When an object or substance is cooler, 1204. About what percent of ocean water is
its particles move slower and are closer contained in the “deep zone” beneath the
together True Or False pycnocline?
A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 80%
D. 99%

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1205. Balloon-like internal organ that contains
gas
A. True
B. False

1200. the entire water portion of the ocean


A. pelagic zone
B. neritic zone
C. oceanic zone
A. tetrapod
D. benthic zon
B. fish
1201. Most subsurface water samples are C. swim bladder
taken D. incubation
A. in a bathythermograph.
1206. Which was likely NOT necessary for
B. in a hydrowire. early life to form on Earth?
C. in a messenger sampler. A. energy
D. in a Nansen or Niskin sampling bottle. B. minerals

1202. What happens to dissolved gases if the C. sunlight


temperature of the ocean would rise? D. heat
A. More would be dissolved 1207. Which major ocean is closest to our
B. Less would be released into the atmo- state of Pennsylvania?
sphere A. Atlantic
C. Less would be dissolved B. Pacific
D. There would be no change C. Indian

1203. What percent of the earth’s surface is D. Arctic


covered by water? 1208. Is there water in the sea?
A. 95% A. how is it?
B. 5% B. what do you think?
C. 71% C. ask your uncle
D. 25$ D. maybe it’s him

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 131

1209. What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge? B. gills


A. Continuous underwater mountain C. scuba diver

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range D. aqualung
B. A geyser on the ocean floor 1214. The zone is the ocean floor.
C. Mountains that reach the ocean sur- A. intertidal
face
B. neritic
D. Underwater, inactive volcanoes
C. oceanic
1210. What things can effect the size of a D. benthic
wave?
1215. Dew is most likely to form
A. Distance from the continents
B. Density of the ocean water
C. speed, duration, and distance of the
wind
D. none of above

1211. What was the route for Leif Erikson? A. after heavy rain on a humid day
B. when humid air contacts cold ground
A.
C. when the jet stream releases oxygen
into the atmosphere
D. during windy nights when it rains
B. 1216. There are oceans in the world
A. 4
B. 6
C. C. 5
D. 9

D. none of above 1217. Seas, bays, channels and gulfs are other
bodies of
1212. The apparent curving of the path of a A. salt water
moving object from an otherwise straight
B. fresh water
path due to Earth’s rotation.
C. swampy water
A. Frequency
D. loamy water
B. Salinity
1218. A water wave has two main parts-
C. Coriolis Effect
D. holdfast

1213. What is the name of an underwater


breathing device?
A. lungs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 132

A. 1. Crest 2. Trough 1224. Where would you most likely find a


B. 1. Amplitude 2. Wave Length guyot?
C. 1. Wave Height 2. Crest A. Antarctica
D. 1. Trough 2. Wave Length B. Pacific Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
1219. What decreases the deeper you travel
down the ocean? D. Atlantic Ocean
A. Oxygen

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1225. Choose the correct option
B. Salinity
C. Pressure
D. Temperature
1220. These are deep-ocean sediments con-
taining at least 30% biogenous material;
formed from the shells of dead microscopic
organisms that drift to the ocean floor and
accumulate A. Sea of Japan
A. sediments B. Sea of Okhotsk
B. sand C. South China Sea
C. oozes D. Tasman Sea
D. biomes E. Yellow Sea
1221. the zone of the ocean bottom 1226. In this layer of the ocean the water tem-
A. benthic zone perature drops with increased depth faster
than it does in other layers
B. sublittoral zone
C. photic zone A. surface zone

D. abyssal zone B. thermocline


C. deep zone
1222. Who first proposed the idea of seafloor
spreading? D. none of above
A. Alfred Wegener 1227. Which part of the ocean floor is labeled
B. Harry Hess “D”?
C. James Hutton
D. Nicolaus Copernicus
1223. Which process causes the depletion of
nutrients from soil?
A. Plant growth A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Drought B. Continental Slope
C. Tilling C. Trench
D. Saturation D. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 133

1228. The Polynesians were the first civiliza-


tions to travel on long distance ocean voy-
ages. They traveled from Hawaii to

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A. California
B. Australia
C. The Phillipines
D. Tahiti

1229. true or false:Latitude is north/south, di-


A. Qualitative data
vides the earth at the equator, and uses
the sextant to calculate in degrees. B. Quantitative data
A. true 1233. Which ocean is located at #2?
B. false

1230. The highest part of a wave is the

A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Arctic Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean
A. crest
D. Southern Ocean
B. trough
1234. The largest factor impacting tidal range
1231. When a continental and continental is most likely:
plate have a convergent plate boundary A. diurnal tidal patterns
what happens?
B. semidiurnal tidal patterns
A. the older plate subducts under the
younger one C. the moon’s gravitational pull
D. the sun’s gravitational pull
B. the younger plate subducts under the
older one 1235. What processes of the water cycle re-
C. both plates collide and go upward turn water vapor directly to the atmo-
forming mountains sphere?
D. both plates become subducted form- A. water retention and runoff
ing a rift valley B. freezing and precipitation
C. infiltration
Explanation:
D. evapotranspiration
when the two plates collided it formed the
1236. Which of the world’s oceans is the
himalayan mountain range
largest and deepest?
1232. The flower is 8 cm tall. A. Arctic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 134

B. Atlantic Ocean 1242. Plankton that uses photosynthesis:


C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean

1237. Dissolved salts, gases, and nutrients


are present in seawater in the form of
A. ions

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. compounds A. Phytoplankton
1238. A toothed whale is a/an B. Zooplankton
A. odontocete
1243. This historical underwater invention
B. baleen was built in 1953. It was used to ex-
C. echolocation plore the deepest reaches of the Marianas
Trench.
D. snail
A. FNRS-2
1239. El Niño results due to an interruption of
flow of the Current(s) in the Pacific. B. Trieste

A. Kuroshio C. Slocum Glider


B. Humboldt and Equatorial D. Niskin Bottles
C. Canary and North Atlantic E. CTD
D. West Wind Drift 1244. A place in the seafloor where the sub-
1240. Name the ocean labeled 3? ducted plate moves back into the mantle
and recycled.

A. Southern Ocean A. oceanic-oceanic subduction zone


B. Arctic Ocean B. divergent boundary along a mid ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean ridge
D. Pacific Ocean C. intertidal zone

1241. between surface layer and deep zone, D. abyssal zone


temperature rapidly drops.
1245. The Gulf Stream is
A. surface zone
A. a stream behind the school.
B. transition zoneThermocline
B. a current in the Atlantic Ocean that
C. intertidal zone flows on the eastern coast of North Amer-
D. photic zone ica to England.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 135

C. a current that flows south in the At- C. whale populations have not been de-
lantic Ocean to the western coast of termined
Africa.

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D. whale populations have risen sharply
D. a wind.
1250. What current did Ben Franklin discover
1246. Sediments with an extraterrestrial ori- right off of our coast?
gin are called? A. Alaska Current
A. Lithogenous B. Circumpolar Current
B. Biogenous C. The Gulf Stream
C. Cosmogenous D. South Equatorial Current
D. Volcanogenic
1251. Currents move in the north hemi-
E. Hydrogenous sphere.
1247. What happens to the shape of the Earth A. clockwise
due to the Moon’s gravity? B. counter clockwise
A. Slightly football-or “M&M”-shaped C. south
B. Soccer ball-shaped D. north
C. Nothing
1252. What important contributions did the
D. Hockey puck-shaped Challenger expedition NOT make to
oceanography?
1248. A water strider can skate along the top
of a pond because: A. discovered deep-water organisms
B. discovered 5, 000 new species
C. took the first soundings below 4, 000
m
D. discovered Greenland
1253. First to explore the eastern Atlantic
Ocean; made it to England and sailed
A. covalent bonds result in water cohe-
around Africa
sion
A. Bartholomew Diaz
B. hydrogen bonds result in water cohe-
sion (surface tension) B. The Phoenicians
C. water striders have adapted to take C. The Vikings
advantage of water cohesion D. Herodotus
D. low surface tension of water 1254. Aside from Sodium and Chloride, what
1249. What answer choice best describes other dissolved solids are present in sea-
whale populations since 1990? water?
A. whale populations stabilized in 1946 at A. Iron, Silicon, Boron, and Copper
about 2 million B. Tin, Silica, Fluoride, Arsenic
B. whale populations fell from 4.4 million C. Phosphorus, Lithium, Strontium, Ce-
to about 1 million sium

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 136

D. Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sul- B. temperatures


fate C. density
1255. Organisms in the marine environment D. depth
that must hunt for food to receive energy
are referred to as 1259. Convection causes hot water to

A. heterotrophic.
B. autotrophic.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. oligotrophic.
D. none of above

1256. The rock formation labeled “P” is a(n)

A. Rise (float)
B. Sink

1260. Wetlands are another name for a


A. Mud Flat Community
B. Salt Marsh Community
C. Mangrove Community
D. Barrier beaches
A. fault
1261. True of False:The temperature of the
B. intrusion
ocean water decreases as the depth of the
C. inclusion water increases.
D. unconformity A. True
1257. A series of waves are known as a B. False

A. wavelength 1262. At the end of the continental slope the


B. wave train ocean floor drops

C. wave movement A. Gradually

D. none of above B. Sharply

1263. Any waves are created by


1258. Bathythermograph:towed in the water
to measure continuous A. wind
B. tsunami
C. volcanic eruptions
D. avalanches

1264. What is the largest ocean on Earth?


A. Pacific Ocean
A. salinity B. Atlantic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 137

C. Indian Ocean
D. none of above B.

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1265. What is a wavelength? HOV used to collect samples and explore
A. crest to crest
B. end to end
C. highest part of a wave
D. lowest part of a wave

1266. What is letter C?


C.

A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Cont. Shelf
C. Cont. Slope
obtains water samples
D. Abyssal Plain

1267. subduction; ocean trench forms; volcanic


mountain range D.

A. continental-continental divergent
measures water transparency
B. oceanic-continental convergent
C. continental-continental convergent 1270. What is the Coriolis effect?
D. oceanic-oceanic convergent A. the differences in the air pressure
E. oceanic-oceanic divergent B. an effect where it causes the Earth to
have a curved path of wind because of
1268. A solstice event occurs when Earth’s rotation
A. the sun’s rays reach their highest or C. They are all caused by low pressure
lowest point in respect to the equator D. The tides and the lunar phases
B. the sun’s rays shine most directly at
the equator 1271. How much of the earth is oceans?

C. the Earth has it’s longest period of day- A. 71%


light hours B. 97%
D. none of above C. 50%
D. 96%
1269. Deep worker
1272. Heavy rain falls in the ocean and causes
A. salinity to
unoccupied underwater robot (connected) A. Increase

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 138

B. decrease 1276. Water evaporating from the ocean


causes salinity to
1273. Competition between which 2 countries A. Increase
led to the great voyages of the late 15th
century? B. decrease

1277. What is Salinity?


A. The temperature at which a liquid
changes into a solid

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The degree of compactness of a sub-
stance
C. The ability or tendency to float in water
A. Spain and Portugal or air or some other fluid
B. Spain and France D. how much salt is dissolved in water

C. Spain and England 1278. What happens to wave energy in bays?


D. England and France A. It disperses
B. It diffuses
1274. which shell is most common in the ocean
and on shore C. It concentrates
D. It accumulates

1279. Occurs during a first-quarter and third-


quarter moon
A. Neap Tide
B. Spring Tide

1280. Deep or density currents are caused by


A. Bivalves
B. gastropods A. Salinity
B. Ocean
1275. How do deep currents form?
C. Wind
A. Changes in density (salinity and temp.)
D. none of above
cause surface water to be less dense and
sink 1281. As temperature increases so does:
B. Changes in surface winds cause sur- A. kinetic energy
face water to be more dense and sink
B. potential energy
C. Changes in density (salinity and temp.) C. thermal enery
cause surface water to be more dense
and sink D. mechanical energy

D. Changes in density (salinity and temp.) 1282. What is a gently sloping, shallow area
cause surface water to be more dense of the ocean floor that extends outward
and rise from the edge of the continent?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 139

A. continental shelf 1286. What is structure G?


B. continental rise

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C. continental slope
D. seamount

1283. The annual range of temperature in the


interior of the continents is high as com-
pared to coastal areas. What is/are the A. Continental Rise
reason/reasons?1) Thermal difference be-
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
tween land and water 2) Variation in al-
titude between continents and oceans 3) C. Guyot
Presence of strong winds in the interior 4) D. Abyssal Plain
Heavy rains in the interior as compared to
coasts Select the correct answer using the 1287. What is the correct order of ocean zones,
codes given below. starting with the zone CLOSEST to the sur-
A. 1 only face?
A. trenches, abyss, dark, twilight, sunlit
B. 1 and 2 only
B. sunlit, twilight, dark, abyss, trenches
C. 2 and 3 only
C. abyss, twilight, sunlit, trenches, dark
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. sunlit, dark, abyss, twilight, trenches
1284. In this ocean zone, water temperature
1288. A mixture of both salt and freshwater
is near freezing and no light. Very few
is called water.
creatures can be found here. 3/4 of ocean
floor lies in this zone.
A. dark zone
B. trenches
C. sunlit zone
D. abyss A. saline
E. twilight zone B. brackish
C. murky
1285. The density of seawater increases with:
D. river
A. Increasing temperature and decreas-
ing salinity 1289. How much energy is transferred from
one trophic level to the next as you move
B. Decreasing temperature and increas-
up the ecological pyramid?
ing salinity
A. 1%
C. Increasing temperature and increas-
ing salinity B. 10%

D. Decreasing temperature and decreas- C. 20%


ing salinity D. 50%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 140

1290. During a neap tide, the position of the B. Eruption of continental volcanoes
Sun, Moon, and Earth C. Deposition of continental sediments
A. form a 90 degree angle D. Subduction of continental plates
B. form a straight line
1295. T2-Which term describes the upper part
1291. Going in order from EAST to WEST what of the ocean into which sunlight pene-
are the five Virginia Provinces? trates?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. neritic zone
B. intertidal zone
A. Piedmont, Coastal Plain, Appalachian
Plateau, Valley and Ridge C. oceanic zone
B. Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Ap- D. photic zone
palachian Plateau, Piedmont
1296. A fish’s swimbladder-an organ that
C. Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, helps them maintain buoyancy in high pres-
Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Coastal Plain sure zones-is an example of a(n)
D. Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, A. abiotic factor
Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau B. hereditary disease
1292. Deep sea vents are an example of what C. adaptation
process leading to solutes in the ocean? D. gene
A. Degassing
1297. Who published the first map of the Gulf
B. Erosion Stream?
C. Bio-chemical reactions A. Greeks
D. Attenuation B. Polynesians
1293. A seamount with a flat tops is called a C. Vikings
D. Benjamin Franklin
A. trench
1298. Choose the correct option
B. island
C. guyot
D. none of above

1294. Which of these is the most common way


that material is added to the continental
shelf?
A. Evaporation from continental water- A. Arctic Ocean
sheds B. Atlantic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 141

C. Indian Ocean C. Gastropods


D. Pacific Ocean D. Myriapods

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1299. Which region of the ocean typically has 1304. What does the blue line represent in the
the highest salinity levels? Thermohaline circulation?
A. Polar regions
B. Equator
C. Coastal areas
D. Mid-latitudes

1300. Underwater avalanche. A. Warm salty water


A. Turbidity current B. Warm water
B. Tidal wave C. Cold water
C. Trade winds D. Cold salty water
D. none of above
1305. Coral reefs are mainly found between
1301. Algae and other producers need lots degrees north and degrees south
of sunlight. Most ocean algae would be of the equator.
found in the water- A. 75
B. 30
C. 60
D. 90
1306. Which letter represents the wave
trough?
A. on the abyssal plain
B. in the oceanic trench
C. above the continental shelf
D. beside the continental slope

1302. 97% of the Earth’s water is located in A. A


B. B
A. groundwater C. C
B. oceans or other bodies of salty water D. D
C. lakes, rivers, and streams 1307. Russian expedition explored deep sea
D. glaciers trenches
1303. Which is the group of mollusks that has A. Vitiaz
tentacles with suckers? B. SEASAT
A. Cephalopods C. HMS Challenger
B. Bivalves D. Calypso

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 142

1308. currents create cooler climates in 1314. The process where oceanic crust slides
coastal areas that would otherwise be under another plate and is melted is called
much warmer.
A. Warm water Surface
B. Warm-water deep
C. Cold-water surface
D. Cold-water deep

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1309. The (a) is the gently sloping submerged
surface extending from the shoreline.
A. a continental shelf
A. seafloor spreading
B. continental margin
B. subduction
C. continental slope
C. continental drift
D. abyssal plain
D. recycling
1310. Spring tides and neap tides occur in pat-
terns governed by the 1315. Briefly describe the overall relationship
A. phases of the moon between temperature and density.
B. seasons (fall, winter, etc.)
C. surface currents
D. deep sea currents
1311. The presence and age of island chains is
evidence for (a) .
A. a Plate Tectonics
B. Theory of Pangea
C. Continental Drift A. Lower temperature water has higher
density, warmer water has lower density
D. none of above
B. Lower temperature water haslower
1312. What type of boundary are mid-ocean density, warmer water has higher density
ridges found?
A. divergent 1316. Deep-water circulation brings dense,
B. transform cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface
to the deep ocean because of
C. convergent
A. greater rates of photosynthesis in
D. none of above
deep water
1313. “Star cluster” to B. greater dissolution of oxygen in colder
A. stargazing water than warmer water
B. star conjunction C. greater volcanic out-gassing at the
C. constellation ocean surface
D. none of above D. increases in pH with depth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 143

1317. What weather instrument is used to A. condensation


measure temperature? B. evaporation
A. anemometer

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C. precipitation
B. thermometer
D. run off
C. psychrometer
D. wind vane 1322. What is the underground connector for
sea grasses?
1318. The movement of energy through a body
of water. A. Blade

A. Ocean Current B. Leaf


B. Wave C. Rhizome
C. Tidal Range D. Root
D. Tidal Bulge 1323. A water layer with great temperature
1319. Where does the initial source of energy changes
come from that creates winds?
A. the moon
B. the sun
C. the Earth’s surface
D. the rotation of the Earth
1320. What ocean zone does this image belong
to?
A. continental margin
B. deep-ocean basin
C. thermocline
D. ocean trench

1324. What is the most common cause for


tsunamis?
A. coral reef
A. underwater earthquakes
B. deep ocean
C. hydrothermal vents B. meteor crashes

D. kelp forest C. underwater volcanoes


D. land slides in the ocean
1321. Which stages does liquid water from the
ocean turn into water vapor? 1325. What zone in the ocean will maximum
amounts of plankton reside in?
A. Photic zone
B. Aphotic zone
C. Deep ocean
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 144

1326. The curving effect observed by a person 1331. What is Oceanography?


of an object moving into space, caused by A. The study of the seas
the revolving of Earth is
B. The study of all water
A. Coriolis effect
C. The study of oceans
B. Rotation effect
D. The study of H2O
C. Circumference effect
1332. The Principle of Constant Proportions
D. Thermocline effect

NARAYAN CHANGDER
states:
1327. What is the largest ocean? A. that the total amount of dissolved
solids in the ocean is a constant.
A. Indian
B. that the salinity of the ocean is a con-
B. Atlantic stant.
C. Pacific C. that the excess volatile ratio of the
D. Arctic ocean is a constant.
D. that the ratio of major salts in samples
1328. Which element is the second most abun- of seawater from various places is a con-
dant in seawater? stant.
A. hydrogen
1333. True or False:The world’s largest moun-
B. oxygen tain can be found in the ocean.
C. sodium A. true
D. chlorine B. false

1329. The basic motions of the ocean are: 1334. Which tidal cycle has two high tides not
at the same level and two low tides at
A. Waves
roughly the same level?
B. Tides
A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle
C. Currents B. Mixed tidal cycle
D. Trade Winds C. Diurnal tidal cycle
E. Hurricanes D. none of above
1330. What is the lowest part of a wave 1335. isolated volcanic mountains
called?
A. mid-ocean ridges
B. seamount
C. island
D. guyot
A. Trough
1336. A testable explanation to a problem
B. Crest that has not yet been tested.
C. Wavelength A. data
D. Amplitude B. theory

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 145

C. hypothesis 1340. What is the term for water’s ability to


D. fact defy gravity and climb up a tube?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


1337. In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis
effect causes currents to do which of the
following?
A. curve counterclockwise
B. curve clockwise
C. reverse directions
D. sink

1338. This British explorer had dreams of nav-


igating the Northwest Passage.

A. Capillary Action
B. Specific Heat
C. Universal Solvent
D. Magic
A. Henry Hudson
1341. This explorer is a champion cross coun-
B. Ferdinand Magellan
try skier and wanted to be the first human
C. Christopher Columbus to reach the North Pole.
D. Bartolomeu Dias

1339. Given that millions of poeple are ar risk


due to a lack of potable water, desalina-
tion should be a real possibility. Of the
following answers, which limits the use of
more desalination plants worldwide?
A. desalination plants are used locally
A. Charles Darwin
and around the world
B. not all places on earth have acces to B. James Cook
warm ocean water which is needed to cre- C. Benjamin Franklin
ate the aerosol for the condenser D. Fridtjof Nansen
C. the gas output of the desalination pro-
cess can cause underwater disturbances 1342. What is weather
and is an ecologic limitation A. short time study
D. corrosion of the aerosolizer, con- B. long time study
denser and pipelines make it cost pro-
hibitive; no one can afford to maintain the C. both
desalination plant costs D. None

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 146

1343. What is the hard structure that provides A. with the wind
the foundation for the reef?
B. the moons gravity
A. limestone
C. from the seafloor
B. sandstone
C. basalt D. none of above
D. granite
1349. Which best describes the continental

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1344. The core is mostly made up mostly of shelf?
which elements? A. a flat underwater valley
A. Oxygen and Silicon
B. a region of mountains in the deep
B. Silicon and Magnesium ocean
C. Nickel and Iron
C. a shallow area of sediment near the
D. Iron and Magnesium shore
1345. The part of the ocean where light D. a region with high water pressure
reaches is know as the zone.
A. Aphotic 1350. Objects that have high heat warm up
B. Photic
C. Tropic A. Slowly/quickly
D. Chromo B. Slowly/slowly
1346. As water gets denser, how does it C. Quickly/quickly
move?
D. none of above
A. Sinks toward the ocean floor
B. Gets pulled up by evaporation 1351. Islands are bodies of land surrounded by
C. Gets pushed toward the poles water on how many sides?
D. Expands toward warmer water
1347. What three oceans surround North
America. Please pick the best answer?
A. Antarctic, Indian, Arctic
B. Arctic, North Pacific, North Atlantic
C. South Atlantic, South Pacific, Indian
D. Mediterranean, Baltic, Black Sea
1348. Where do waves start?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. all

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 147

1352. What would cause the surface of the C. strong winds blowing over the ocean
ocean to have a higher salinity? waters

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A. the flowing of a river into the ocean D. the interaction of Earth, the moon and
B. low rates of evaporation and high the sun
rates ofprecipitation
1357. Why is water important to all living
C. the melting of sea ice things?
D. high rates of evaporation and low
A. everybody lives in a surface current
rates ofprecipitation
B. we need it to survive
1353. Two types of ocean currents are
C. regulates climate in weather
D. because we consist mainly of nonpolar
substances
E. helps keep earth warm

1358. is the abrupt change of temperature


with depth
A. local and global A. pycnocline
B. sea and land B. thermocline
C. surface and deep C. halocline
D. warm and cold D. none of above
1354. The is the distance that the wind can
1359. What does every food chain start with?
blow across open water.
A. fetch A. producers

B. draw B. sun
C. swell C. consumer
D. tide D. decomposers

1355. What part of the ocean is the site of new 1360. The sun accounts for how much of
ocean crust being added during sea-floor Earth’s tides?
spreading?
A. 0%
A. deep ocean trench
B. 46%
B. abyssal plain
C. 73%
C. seamount
D. 100%
D. mid-ocean ridge

1356. Tides are caused by 1361. The ocean covers nearly 71% of Earth’s
surface.
A. variations in the salinity of water
A. True
B. the shifting of the plates on the ocean
floor B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 148

1362. Which feature of ocean topography is 1366. Organisms in the marine environment
shown at point C? that produce their own energy are referred
to as
A. heterotrophic.
B. autotrophic.
C. oligotrophic.

A. submarine canyon D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. continental slope 1367. The deepest known point in the worlds
C. mid ocean ridge oceans occurs in what trench?

D. deep ocean trench A. Marianne’s


B. Polynesian
1363. Winds are typically deflected to the
C. Pacific
in the Northern Hemisphere and the in
the Southern Hemisphere. D. Atlantic
A. right; left 1368. What allows ice to float?
B. left; right A. Surface tension of ice is lower than the
C. left; left surface tension of liquid water.
D. right; right B. Adhesion of ice is lower than the adhe-
sion of liquid water.
1364. Which of the following is not a zone of C. Density of ice is lower than the density
the ocean? of liquid water.
A. Twilight Zone D. Heat capacity of ice is lower than the
B. Midnight Zone heat capacity of liquid water.
C. Floor Zone 1369. The United States is bordered by the
D. Sunlight Zone and the Ocean.
A. Pacific and Atlantic
1365. Where is this located?
B. Indian and Arctic
C. Indian and Southern
D. Southern and Pacific

1370. The heart of a shrimp is located on its


A. Tail
B. Head
A. Indian Ocean C. Bottom
B. Atlantic Ocean D. Stomach
C. Southern Ocean 1371. Forms a hard shelter for tiny animals
D. Pacific Ocean A. Coral Reef
E. Arctic Ocean B. Light Zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 149

C. Dark Zone 1375. Identify A


D. Ocean

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1372. The plankton that are microscopic and
plant-like are called

A. swimmerets
B. walking legs
C. cheliped
D. telson
A. zooplankton
1376. What moon phase would be seen from
B. phytoplankton
Earth when the moon is at position 1?
C. minnows
D. none of above

1373. Ocean currents bring warm water from


the equator towards Earth’s

A. new moon
B. first quarter
C. third quarter
D. full moon

1377. Scientists learn about ocean and an-


imals.
A. Southern Hemisphere
B. Continents
C. Equator
D. Poles

1374. These are NOT plate boundary features.


They are areas where hot mantle plumes A. garbage
push up through the lithospheric plates to B. plants
create volcanic islands such as Hawaii.
C. weather
A. Hotspots D. ships
B. Convergent Boundary
1378. Where is the Great Barrier Reef lo-
C. Divergent Boundary cated?
D. Transform Boundary A. Puerto Rico

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 150

B. Florida salinity of the water can also increase to-


C. Indonesia wards the poles, further contributing to
the increase in density.
D. Australia
1383. Sunlight strikes this planet most directly
1379. If I have freshwater that is less dense, at the
what will it do in comparison to salt water
that is more dense?
A. The more dense water will float and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the less dense water will sink.
B. The more dense water will sink and the
less dense water will float
C. Nothing they will mix evenly.
A. mesosphere
D. none of above
B. tundra
1380. What answer choice is NOT one of the C. equator
five primary methods of commercial fish-
ing? D. south pole
A. gill nets, drift nets, and purse seine 1384. A lot of what we know about currents
nets comes from random drifting objects that
B. skimmers fall into the oceans, such as sneakers, rub-
ber duckies, and dismembered human feet
C. longline fishing
A. True
D. trawling
B. False
1381. Where does most condensation occur?
1385. What is the primary cause of variations
A. the Atmosphere
in seawater density with depth?
B. the Ocean
A. Changes in temperature
C. Land
B. Changes in pressure
D. Rivers and Lakes
C. Changes in salinity
1382. What happens to the density of ocean D. Changes in dissolved gases
water as you move towards the poles?
A. It decreases 1386. Look at the ruler. What is the distance
in centimeters (cm) from 0 to A? (a)
B. It increases
C. It stays the same
D. There is not pattern
Explanation:The density of ocean water in-
creases as you move towards the poles. A. 15cm
This is because colder water is denser B. 2.9cm
than warmer water, and the temperature
of the ocean decreases as you move from C. 0.5cm
the equator to the poles. Additionally, the D. a 1.5cm

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 151

1387. In the early 1900’s scientists started C. Geographical location


using this to get a more accurate map of D. All of the above
the ocean floor.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. A long pole to feel the bottom 1392. In the zone between the equator and
30◦ latitude the are found.
B. A submarine
C. Sonar
D. Scuba

1388. Marine life that is anchored to the ocean


floor, creeps, slithers or crawls on the bot-
tom is classified as

A. polar doldrums
B. trade winds
C. westerlies
D. polar cells

1393. Movements of ocean water in a contin-


A. Plankton uous flow are called?
B. Nekton A. ocean currents
C. Benthos B. global winds
D. Sponge Bob C. air mass
1389. How many species of marine turtles are D. front
there?
1394. Where is the most dense ocean water?
A. 7
A. deep in the ocean
B. 6
B. at the surface
C. 5
C. in the middle layer
D. 4
D. at the coast
1390. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters
on its coastlines are called 1395. What is the chemical composition of sea-
A. tides water?
B. Currents A. The chemical composition of seawater
includes salts, gases, and organic matter.
C. waves
B. The chemical composition of seawater
D. ripples
includes only organic matter.
1391. What causes the variation in salinity in C. The chemical composition of seawater
different parts of the ocean? includes only gases.
A. Temperature D. The chemical composition of seawater
B. Depth of the ocean includes only salts.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 152

1396. This is the zone, F, between high-tide 1401. What is the limiting factor that does
and low-tide (literally means between not allow phytoplankton to grow exponen-
tides) tially and cover the oceans?
A. Too many predators
B. Too much oxygen
C. Not enough sunlight
D. Not enough nutrients

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1402. A body of porous & permeable rock that
contains groundwater & can transmit wa-
A. Abyssal Zone ter to springs
B. Sublittoral/Neritic Zone A. sponge
C. Open-ocean Zone B. super soaker
D. Intertidal Zone C. aquifer

1397. Classify the organism:Sponges D. watershed

A. Porifera 1403. What is distance from a wave’s crest to


B. Cnidarian the trough called?
C. Mollusk A. wave height
D. Crustacean B. wave length
C. wave frequency
1398. The western shoreline of a continent in
the Northern Hemisphere runs directly in D. wave period
a north-south direction.Prevailing winds
1404. Describe how the currents move in the
blowing from the will produce coastal
North Atlantic Gyre (USE PICTURE)
upwelling. Which word best completes the
sentence? A. Circulating water
A. west B. Cold water moving
B. north C. Warm water rising from the equator,
C. east cold water sinking from the poles
D. south D. none of above

1399. Stronger winds create waves. 1405. Oceanography is a broad field that in-
cludes specialties such as marine biolo-
A. larger
gists, marine engineers, marine chemists,
B. smaller and more.
1400. The two type of currents are A. True
A. surface and el Nino B. False
B. deep and surface 1406. Which of the following is NOT one of the
C. warm and cold 3 marine life zones?
D. pacific and Atlantic A. Intertidal Zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 153

B. Abyssal Zone 1411. Wind belts are always named according


C. Coastal Zone to

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D. Open Ocean Zone A. how strong they are
B. what temperature they are
1407. What percentage of the earth’s surface
is covered by water? C. where they blow to
D. where they come from

1412. are caused by earthquakes on the


ocean floor, volcanic eruptions, or under-
water landslides.

A. 90%
B. 66%
C. 70%
D. 51% A. tides
1408. Oceanic trenches are formed by: B. waves
A. the cracking of the brittle lithosphere C. tsunamis
B. the collision of continents D. surface currents
C. the subduction of oceanic crust under
1413. Which type of water is the densest?
continental crust
D. the subduction of continental crust un- A. warm freshwater
der oceanic crust B. cold freshwater

1409. What does NOAA stand for? C. warm saltwater

A. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- D. cold saltwater


ministration
1414. Choose the correct option
B. National Oceanic and Atmospheric As-
sociation
C. National Oceanic and Atlas Associa-
tion
D. National Oceanic and Atlas Administra-
tion

1410. Why is overfishing a problem? A. Echo Sounding


A. It reduces the fish population. B. Current Meter
B. It leaves the fish population as it is. C. GPS
C. It increases the fish population. D. Hydrophone
D. It results in holding ponds. E. Secchi Disk

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 154

1415. Which process of the water cycle re- A. True


quires temperature to decrease? B. False
A. evaporation
1420. Captain James Cook prevented his
B. precipitation sailors from getting Scurvy by making
C. condensation them eat
D. none of above A. Chicken
B. Bananas

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1416. Why is the weather in Iceland, Norway,
and Britain warmer that you would ex- C. Pickled Cabbage
pect? D. Potatoes
A. longer days 1421. Which instrument was used for inves-
B. stronger sunshine tigation of the ocean floor in the mid-
1800s?
C. no clouds
A. diving bells
D. warm ocean current
B. scuba diving equipment
1417. Characteristics of the Pacific ocean C. sounding weight
A. 37 ppt, 36, 161ft, consists of oceanic D. echo sounders
ridges, trenches, and long seamount
chains, longest and deepest ocean, winds 1422. Which group was known for creating
east to west the first compass?
B. 32-37 ppt, 23, 812ft, gets water from A. Egyptians
Persian gulf and red sea, northeast winds B. Chinese
in winter, north west winds south of equa-
C. Americans
tor
D. Spanish
C. 30-35 ppt, 27, 841ft, mid-atlantic ridge,
saltiest major ocean, prevailing wester- 1423. What is a “real” tidal wave called?
lies, mild climate
A. tsunami
D. 28-34 ppt, 17, 881ft, 1/3 of area un- B. tidal bore
derlain by continental shelf, polar climate,
beaufort high centered wind, icelandic low C. neap tide
centered wind D. spring tide

1418. Which type of ocean movement varies 1424. As plants and animals in the ocean die,
depending on the current moon phase? the nutrients produced from their decay
sinks to the bottom. Nutrients are later
A. Current
brought up to the surface for phytoplank-
B. Wave ton to use. What process brings these nu-
C. Tide trients up towards the surface?
D. none of above A. Gyres
B. Eddies
1419. T or F? Magnetic anomalies are alter-
nate positive and negative recordings of C. Upwelling
the oceanic crust’s basaltic rock D. High Tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 155

1425. Which field of oceanography studies the 1430. How does the moon, Earth, and sun be-
interaction between marine organisms and ing aligned (straight line) impact tides?
their physical and chemical environment?

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A. it creates spring tides
A. Meteorology
B. it creates neap tides
B. Ecology
C. it cancels out tides
C. Limnology
D. it causes dense tides
D. Marine biology
1431. What property of water allows it to be
1426. A giant wave such a versatile solvent that it is often
A. surfing wave called the “universal solvent?”

B. breaker A. Purity

C. tsunami B. Polarity and cohesion

D. crest C. High heat capacity


D. Expansion upon freezing
1427. Many living things depend on the ocean
currents for food, transportation, and a 1432. The East coasts generally have wa-
suitable climate. ter currents.
A. True
B. False

1428. What ocean zone does this image repre-


sent?

A. warm
B. cold

1433. What impact does the Coriolis effect


have upon global winds in the northern
and southern hemispheres?
A. hydrothermal vent
A. Global winds blow counterclockwise in
B. coral reef the northern hemisphere and clockwise in
C. intertidal zone the southern hemisphere.

D. open ocean B. Global winds blow clockwise in the


northern hemisphere and counterclock-
1429. the entire bottom portion of the ocean wise in the southern hemisphere.
A. pelagic zone C. Global winds flow clockwise in both
the northern and southern hemispheres.
B. In the bathyal zone
D. The Coriolis effect has no impact upon
C. neustonic zone global winds in the northern and southern
D. benthic zone hemispheres.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 156

1434. The geological theory of states that 1439. The Gulf Stream is classified as a
pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in con- current and generally travels
stant, slow motion. A. Warm, Clockwise
A. subduction B. Warm, Counter-Clockwsie
B. plate tectonics C. Cold, Clockwise
C. deep-ocean trenches D. Cold, Counter-Clockwise

D. sea-floor spreading 1440. What is water’s technical name

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. NaCl
1435. This image most accurately displays a
B. Ill
C. H2O
D. rights
1441. What is the source of most waves on
the ocean surface?
A. Wave Train A. Moon
B. Wave Length B. Wind
C. Undercurrents
C. Crest
D. Sun
D. Trough
1442. Which oceanographic sampling device
1436. Downwelling is a process that can lead played a large role in verifying the plate
to: tectonic theory?
A. Increased oxygen in deeper water A. boxcore sampler
B. Reduced nutrient availability at the B. clamshell sampler
surface C. corer piston
C. Increased water temperature D. acoustic Doppler profiler

D. Decreased salinity of surface water 1443. What are the two kinds of water that
exist on Earth?
1437. What percent of the ocean covers the A. Freshwater
Earth?
B. Saltwater
A. 80 C. Sugarwater
B. 50 D. Bluewater
C. 20 1444. The region of the ocean where many
D. 70 people go “deep-sea fishing” that is
above the continental shelf is called:
1438. Due to the Coriolis Force, all fluids and A. Aphotic Zone
air shift in the Northern Hemisphere. B. Neritic Zone
A. Clockwise C. Pelagic Zone
B. Counterclockwise D. Benthic Zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 157

1445. Joides Resolution-deep drilling ves- following questions can a student ask to
selused today. determine if this is correct?

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A. river
B. sea
C. lake
D. pond

1446. Trophic levels are represented by


A. squares A. Is 100% of the water on Earth immedi-
ately available to drink?
B. circles
B. Is 97% of the water on Earth immedi-
C. pyramids
ately available to drink?
D. lines
C. Is 2% of the water on Earth immedi-
1447. How many percent of oxygen content in ately available to drink?
the atmosphere?a. 21 %b. 19%c. 18%d. D. Is 1% of the water on Earth immedi-
22% ately available to drink?
A. 21 %
1450. Where would you find the coldest, salti-
B. 19% est waters in the oceans?
C. 18% A. transition zone
D. 22% B. pelagic zone

1448. Which type of air would you find at air C. deep zone
mass C? D. none of above

1451. Spend their entire life as plankton.


A. Holoplankton
B. Macroplankton
C. Megaplankton
D. Meroplankton

1452. What is the primary factor that affects


the density of seawater?
A. cold, dry A. salinity
B. warm, humid B. temperature
C. warm, dry C. pressure
D. cold, humid D. oxygen concentration
1449. The pie graph shows the percentages of 1453. define a wave
water on Earth. A student claims that a
large percentage of water on Earth is im- A. ocean movement
mediately available to drink. Which of the B. currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 158

C. tides C. Mountains and earthquakes


D. a rhythmic movement that carries en- D. Volcanic Island arc
ergy
1459. What role do upwellings play in the nu-
1454. As ocean depth decreases what in- trient cycles?
creases?
A. They bring organic matter down into
A. Water temperature the benthic zone to be broken down,
boosting the growth of scavengers and de-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Water pressure
composers
C. Salinity
B. They distribute the nutrients up into
D. Animal life
the surface where they’re spread by sur-
1455. Tides are the rise and fall of the ocean face currents, boosting the growth of
due to the gravitational pull of the and pelagic fishes
C. They bring nutrients down into deep
A. Equator, Poles currents, where they’re spread along the
ocean floor.
B. Sun, Moon
D. They bring nutrients from the benthic
C. Sun, Mars
zone up into the epipelagic zone, where
D. earth’s rotation, tilt they boost the growth of plankton
1456. How does the water in the ocean inter- 1460. Benjamin Franklin was the first person
act with most of the heat from the sun? to recognize the extent of the and to
A. The water reflects the heat publish a navigational chart of it.
B. The water absorbs the heat A. North Equatorial Current.
C. The two do not interact B. Gulf Stream.
D. none of above C. Canary Current.

1457. Cat D. Kuroshio Current.

1461. How much of the northern hemisphere


is covered by oceans
A. 61%
B. 71%
C. 81%
D. none of above
A. Autotroph
B. Heterotroph 1462. Which factor MOST directly affects the
flow of ocean currents?
1458. What features will be found at a conver-
A. differences in pressure
gent continental-oceanic plate boundary
B. differences in temperature
A. Rift valley
B. Deep Sea Trench, tsunamis and earth- C. Earth’s revolution round the Sun
quakes D. the Moon’s revolution round Earth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 159

1463. How can you tell the difference between A. Spring tides occur when the earth and
a dolphin and a porpoise? It essentially sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon.
comes down to the shape of their face

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B. Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd
(elongated “beak” or “snout” versus no
or 1st quarter phases
“beak” or “snout”), their fins, and their
body shape. Is this a dolphin or a por- C. Spring tides are LOWER than neap
poise? tides
D. Spring tides occur in Spring and neap
tides can occur in any season

1467. On this map of the ocean floor extend-


ing from North America on the left to Eu-
rope on the right, which type of tectonic
plate boundary is responsible for feature
B?
A. This is a dolphin!
B. This is a porpoise!

1464. The deepest-known spot in the ocean is


in the Pacific Ocean.
A. transforming
A. Mt. Everest
B. divergent
B. Death Valley
C. convergent
C. Mariana Trench
D. collisional
D. Devil’s Cavern
1468. Which of the following natural gasses is
1465. The most common salt in the ocean is
most common in gas hydrates from under
the ocean floor?
A. Sodium Chloride
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Magnesium Chloride
B. Ethane
C. Calcium Chloride
C. Hydrogen sulfide
D. Potassium Chloride
D. Methane
1466. Which statement is true about spring
tides? 1469. thermocline is marked by
A. rapid decrease in temperature on in-
creasing ocean depth
B. rapid increase in temperature on in-
creasing ocean depth
C. slow decrease in temperature on in-
creasing ocean depth
D. slow increase in temperature on in-
creasing ocean depth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 160

1470. Local winds are wind that blow over A. Tectonic plates
B. Puzzles
C. Earthquakes
D. none of above

1474. Which of the following is not a use for


the less than one percent of Earth’s water
that is available for human use?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. short distances A. Drinking and personal hygiene
B. long distances B. Agriculture and fisheries
C. the oceans
C. Transportation and heating
D. many continents
D. Fueling space expeditions
1471. Which of the following water samples
would be the most dense? 1475. Divergent(continental)
A. hot, salty water A. 2 continental plates moving apart re-
sulting in earthquakes, rift valleys(hot
B. cold, salty water
springs, geysers). Ex:Great African Rift
C. hot fresh water with no salt Valley, Ethopia. “Lucy”.
D. cold fresh water with no salt B. One oceanic plate collides with a con-
1472. Compasses will point south tinetal plate or a oceanic plate resulting
in earthquakes, deep sea trenches, long
A. next magnetic reversal
chain of volcanoes (continent) or a vol-
B. current magnetic field canic island arc.
C. never again C. Ocean/continents slide past each
D. not for millions of years other resulting in frequent and massive
earthquakes(ex San Andreas Fault and
1473. During a geography class, Crumpton and California)
Erika were discussing about the Earth’s
surface. Crumpton said that the Earth’s D. 2 oceanic plates separate and magma
surface is made up of ‘Puzzles’, while rises to the ocean floor resulting in earth-
Erika argued that it’s made up of ‘Tec- quakes, mid ocean ridges, hydrothermal
tonic plates’. Jorge, who was listening to vents, and ecosystems.
their conversation, said it’s ‘Earthquakes’.
1476. Identify the current labelled B in the fig-
Who is correct?
ure.

A. Current Needles
B. Alaska Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 161

C. Antarctic Subpolar Current


D. Antilles Current

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1477. The 5 large circular ocean currents are
called
A. Gyres
B. Currents
A. time of day and season
C. Waves
B. latitude and depth
D. Patterns
C. salinity and temperature
1478. Where do scientists stay in an HOV? D. tides and position of the moon
A. sphere
1482. What negative consequence could be the
B. work basket result of excess nutrient runoff from land?
C. viewport A. Reduction in dissolved oxygen
D. thruster B. Too much photosynthesis
C. Reduced uptake
1479. Steep, narrow, rocky beaches are usu-
ally found in areas of D. Harmful algae blooms
A. summer beach conditions. 1483. Who cataloged marine organisms?
B. wave deposition. A. Arab traders
C. high wave energy. B. Phoenicians
D. small inlets and bays. C. Aristotle
1480. The image is called a ; it is used D. Ptolemy
to collect samples of plankton in standing
1484. What is the density of a substance that
bodies of water.
has a mass of 20 and a volume of 10?
A. 20
B. 10
C. 2
D. 0.5

1485. Moving from an oceanic ridge to an


oceanic trench, the thickness of the litho-
A. core sampler
sphere
B. dredge
A. decreases in proportion to the dis-
C. bucket disks tance
D. plankton net B. randomly varies

1481. What two properties affect the density C. remains the same
of the ocean water? D. increases in proportion to the distance

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 162

1486. Scattered and diffused sources of pollu- B. Tides


tion that enter a river through runoff. C. Changes in water density
A. nonpoint source D. Rotation of the Earth
B. point source
1492. Upwelling is associated with
C. primary source
A. a decrease in access to nutrients for
D. secondary source phytoplankton

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1487. Who described the theory of continental B. cooler, nutrient-rich waters being
drift? pushed up from deeper ocean waters
A. Newton C. temperature gradients moving water
from the equator to the poles
B. Perugia
D. an increase in human fatalities
C. Veal rolls
D. Wegener 1493. Coral reefs are declining largely because
of what?
1488. The term “salinity” refers to
A. Increasing UV radiation
A. the total amount of dissolved solids in
B. Decreasing UV radiation
the ocean.
C. Increasing pH
B. the total amount of sodium in the wa-
ter. D. Decreasing pH
C. the total amount of chlorine in the wa- 1494. A temperate rainforest coastline has
ter. lots of precipitation but not as much evapo-
D. the total amount of chloride ion in the ration. Estimate the salinity in this region:
water. A. 30 ppt
1489. shining in the silver colour at night, in B. 40 ppt
the summer twilight sky C. 45 ppt
A. noctilucent clouds D. 300 ppt
B. interstellar dust
1495. What CAUSES surface currents?
C. celestial bodies
A. wind
D. none of above
B. gravitational pull of the moon and sun
1490. Which tidal cycle has one high tide and C. density differences due to tempera-
one low tide each day? ture and salinity
A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle D. the water cycle
B. Mixed tidal cycle 1496. What is the mixture of gases surround-
C. Diurnal tidal cycle ing the Earth called?
D. none of above A. carbon

1491. What drives most surface currents near B. concentration


the shore? C. atmosphere
A. Winds D. emissions

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 163

1497. The highest point of a wave is? 1503. The is top of the wave.
A. crest A. amplitude

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B. trough B. crest
C. point of origin C. period
D. compression point D. trough

1498. The study of the ocean is 1504. Currents that runs parallel to the shore-
line and is responsible for the movement of
A. meteorology sand from N to S on the NC coast is called?
B. saltyology A. longshore current
C. oceanography B. rip current
D. wavology C. barrier island shawl
1499. Which of the following is not a process D. density current
that decreases the salinity of seawater? 1505. We can prevent water pollution by:
A. runoff from land
B. icebergs melting
C. precipitation
D. evaporation

1500. Where would you find the most oxygen


and nutrient rich water from the list below
A. Hillarys boat harbour
B. Coral Bay A. Reduce the use of plastic.
C. Bali B. Properly dispose of chemicals.
D. Arctic circle C. Clean up after your animals.

1501. the layer within the ocean where the D. All of the above
concentration of dissolved oxygen is at its 1506. The deepest parts of the Pacific Basin
lowest, typically found between 100 and are located:
1000 m deep
A. in the center, surrounding the island of
A. photic zone Hawaii.
B. aphotic zone B. in the eastern part of the basin, off
C. oxygen minimum layer North America.
D. thermocline C. in the rift valley of the East Pacific Rise.
D. near the margins of South America,
1502. What drives surface currents? Japan, and the Marianas Islands.
A. wind
1507. True or False:Clay will travel farther out
B. other currents into the ocean than sand will.
C. density A. True
D. tides B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 164

1508. Which number shows the continental A. Atlantic


slope? B. Pacific
C. Southern
D. Indian
E. Arctic

1512. large mass of continuously moving

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ocean water
A. current
B. tide
A. 1
C. wave
B. 2
D. whirlpool
C. 3
D. 4 1513. Why are ocean currents important to
coastal regions?
1509. On this map of the ocean floor extend- A. they produce high and low tides along
ing from North America on the left to Eu- coastal regions
rope on the right, what name would be
given to feature B? B. they can warm or cool the air temper-
atures along coastal regions
C. they move vertically pushing warm wa-
ter and nutrients to the surface along
coastal regions
A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge D. they increase the rate of precipitation
B. Abyss as cold water moves along coastal re-
C. North American continental slope gions
D. European continental shelf 1514. Which of the following INCREASES salin-
ity of seawater?
1510. What is the name of the ocean that sur-
rounds Antarctica? A. rain
A. Southern Ocean B. freezing of seawater
B. Indian Ocean C. groundwater flow
C. Atlantic Ocean D. river runoff
D. Pacific Ocean
1515. Choose the correct option
1511. What is the name of the ocean labeled L
on the map?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 165

A. Physiological
B. Physical (Structural)

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C. Behavioral
D. none of above

1516. Name means “spiny skinned”


A. Crustacea
B. Echinoderms
C. Molluska
D. Ctenophora

1517. 1) What powers oceans and wind cur- A. bioluminescence


rents? B. copepods
C. diatoms
D. dinoflagellates

1521. Fetch zones are?


A. Area which wind blows over creating
waves.
A. Coriolis effect
B. The face of the wave.
B. Earth’s rotation
C. Height of the wave
C. The sun
D. Length between waves
D. The wind
1522. The geological theory of states that
1518. Over time, waves break down minerals pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in con-
and rocks into particles of stant, slow motion.
A. Rocks A. subduction
B. Minerals B. plate tectonics
C. Sand C. deep ocean trenches
D. Salt D. sea floor spreading

1519. What major gases are absorbed by the 1523. There were lots of synonyms for the dif-
ocean? ferent ocean zones. Which zone name be-
low is the area of the ocean that receives
A. oxygen and nitrogen
no light and is sometimes also called the
B. carbon dioxide and hydrogen midnight or bathypelagic zone?
C. hydrogen and oxygen A. neritic zone
D. oxygen and carbon dioxide B. ocean zone

1520. These constitute the biggest source of C. photic zone


protein in the ocean. D. benthic zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 166

1524. Identify the area highlighted in red on B. Pacific Ocean


the barrier island profile C. Indian Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
1529. What type of energy is heat?
A. Chemical
A. Beach B. Compound Fracture

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Dune C. Kinetic
C. Meadow D. Regenatics
D. Maritime Forest 1530. Use the image to identify what is
E. Marsh happening to the water along the coast
(Northern Hemisphere)
1525. Which of the following affects the den-
A. Net transport of water is 90 degrees
sity of seawater?
to the left, upwelling occurs
A. temp
B. Net transport of water is 90 degrees
B. volume to the right, upwelling occurs
1526. Which of the following amplifies the S C. Net transport of water is 90 degrees
waves during an earthquake? to the left, downwelling occurs
A. Soft underlying soil D. Net transport of water is 90 degrees
to the right, downwelling occurs
B. Strong rocks underground
1531. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted with
C. Closeness to a volcano
respect to plane of the ecliptic
D. Altitude of the epicentre
A. 32.3 degrees
1527. Estimate the air pressure in Perth? B. 23.5 degrees
C. 32.5 degrees
D. 22.1 degrees
1532. What 2 factors affect deep ocean cur-
rents?
A. salinity and wind
B. wind and temperature
C. temperature and salinity
A. 1020 hPa D. Coriolis Effect and wind
B. 1022 hPa
1533. What is the energy source for the water
C. 1024 hPa cycle?
D. 1011 hPa A. sun
1528. The Marianas Trench is located in the B. wind
C. rain
A. Atlantic Ocean D. oceans

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 167

1534. According to your textbook (Wohlers et 1538. Which is true?


al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
A. Higher density material is near the
scribes the differences between a physical

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Earth’s surface and lower density is near
resource and a biological resource?
the core
A. a physical resource doesn’t involve bi-
B. Higher density material is near the
ological processes while a biological re-
core and lower density is near the surface
source involves bio-productivity
C. Higher density and lower density are
B. a physical resource involves bio-
evenly distributed throughout the earth
productivity while a biological resource
involves fisheries and kelp harvesting D. Density of materials has no relation-
C. physical resources are replenished in ship to locations on the Earth
a person’s lifetime while biological re-
1539. The deepest parts of the benthic zone do
sources are not
not get any
D. biological resources are not replen-
A. sunlight
ished during a person’s lifespan and takes
millions of years B. food

1535. Which is NOT a type of SONAR C. fish


A. single beam D. chemicals
B. quadruple beam 1540. Carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the ocean
C. side-scan from the
D. multi-beam

1536. What is the name of this tool?

A. atmosphere

A. His Net B. photosynthesis of aquatic plants and


algae
B. Sediment Sieve
C. melting of sea ice
C. Current Meter
D. freezing of seawater
D. Niskin Bottle

1537. Why does seawater form in layers? 1541. Sediment that begins as rocks on conti-
nents or islands is called
A. Due to the amount of surface waves
A. biogenous sediment
B. Due to the salinity and temperature
B. lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
C. Due to the amount of sunlight
C. hydrogenous sediment
D. Due to the amount of nitrogen and oxy-
gen D. cosmogenous sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 168

1542. The streamlike movement of water in C. Volcanic Island


the ocean is known as what? D. Abyssal Plain
A. a tide
1548. What is number 5
B. a wave
C. a current
D. Ah tsunami

1543. Energy transfer the deeper you go

NARAYAN CHANGDER
into the ocean (think about the size of the
energy circles). A. Seamount
A. Decreases B. Guyot
B. Increases C. Mid Ocean Ridge
C. Stays the same D. Island
D. Not enough information
1549. Look at the graph. What wave height
1544. A steep underwater hill that connects to would you predict a wave speed of 15 kts
the continental shelf is known as would produce?
A. continental slope
B. abyssal plain
C. coastal plain
D. mid ocean ridge

1545. What is oceanography?


A. 30 ft
A. The study of weather patterns.
B. 5 ft
B. The study of lakes and rivers.
C. 8 ft
C. The study of outer space.
D. 12 ft
D. The scientific study of the ocean.
1550. Who is considered the ‘Father of
1546. Used to discover there was NO conti- Oceanography’ and ‘pathfinder of the
nent in the Artic. This vessel was built to seas?’
withstand being frozen in the ice pack so
it could drift through the Arctic Ocean.
A. HMS Beagle
B. HMS Challenger
C. forward
D. Victoria

1547. Deep valley in the ocean floor that


forms along a subduction zone
A. Trench
B. Seamount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 169

A. Charles Wyville Thompson 1555. Which major current that impacts our cli-
B. Matthew Maury mate?

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C. Charles Darwin A. East Australian Current
D. James Cook B. North Atlantic Drift
C. California Current
1551. Where does fresh water meet salt wa-
ter? D. Gulf Stream
A. Tide pools
1556. Which cephalopod is known for its
B. Estuaries amazing camouflage ability?
C. Barrier Islands A. squid
D. Troughs B. cuttlefish
1552. During the moon phases shown in the C. blue-ringed octopus
image Earth will experience a- D. chambered nautilus

1557. Which ocean floor feature is associated


with convergent plate boundaries?
A. Mid Ocean Ridges
B. Trenches
A. Spring Tide
C. Abyssal Plains
B. Neap Tide
D. Continental shelf
1553. Which chemical reaction represents
chemosynthesis? 1558. Constantly moving system of deep-
ocean circulation driven by temperature
A. Satha 12 watts + collar = taha + and salinity. It moves water around the
tashaq globe.
B. 18 Haas + Tashq + Awq = Satha 12
A. California Current
Watt + 12 Ha + 18 S
B. Global Conveyor Belt
C. Tashaq + taha = satha 12watt + col-
lar C. Surface Currents
D. none of above D. Gulf Stream

1554. According to your textbook (Wohlers et 1559. What is the difference in the formation
al., 2006), what answer choice best de- of surface currents and deep currents?
scribes desalinization?
A. surface currents are caused by wind
A. using OTEC technology as a pressure and deep currents are formed by changes
gradient in ocean water density.
B. involves two methods of distillation B. Surface current are created by the
and reverse osmosis coriolis effect and deep currents are
C. using seawater evaporates to allow formed by subducting plates.
for H2O to evaporate C. There is no difference; they are both
D. All of the answer choices listed formed by wind.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 170

D. There is no difference; they are both A. runoff from a large river


created by changes in ocean water den-
B. increased precipitation
sity.
C. the thawing of a large iceberg
1560. Stream-like movements of ocean water
D. the evaporation of seawater
far below the surface are called
A. Jet currents 1566. According to the law of superposition,
B. surface currents the oldest fossils are found

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Coriolis currents
D. deep currents

1561. What causes the Coriolis Effect?


A. The spin of the earth
B. the sun
C. the moon
A. At the top of the rock layers
D. gravity
B. Near the bottom of the rock layers
1562. How much of the Earth’s surface is cov-
C. In the middle of the rock layers
ered with water?
A. 71% D. Somewhat near the surface

B. 55% 1567. What type of boundary is formed when


C. 89% plates slide past each other?
D. none of above A. convergent
B. horizontal
1563. A sediment of biological origin is called
a: C. divergent
A. Biogenous Sediment D. transform
B. Cosmogenous Sediment
1568. Echolocation can sense
C. Hydrogenous Sediment
A. size
D. Terrigenous Sediment
B. density
1564. Photosynthesis can occur in these two C. distance
zones of the ocean.
D. All of the above
A. Neritic and euphotic/photic
B. Intertidal and abyssal 1569. The covers a third of the earth’s sur-
face.
C. Aphotic and Benthic
A. Indian Ocean
D. Neritic and Benthic
B. Pacific Ocean
1565. Which of these things will most likely
C. Atlantic Ocean
increase the salinity of a region of the
ocean? D. Arctic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 171

1570. What property of this wave is repre- A. True


sented by the letter “A”
B. False

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1574. The study of waves, tides, and currents
falls under which branch of oceanography?
A. Geological
B. Chemical
A. amplitude C. Physical
B. crest D. Biological
C. trough
D. wavelength 1575. Salinity is a measure of the dis-
solved in water.
1571. What part of the water cycle does this
picture show? A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Salt
D. Potassium

1576. What type of plate boundary is this?

A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. none of above

1572. New oceanic lithosphere forms and


takes place at the mid-ocean ridge is the
result of? A. Transform
A. ocean waves B. Convergent
B. magnetic reversal C. Divergent
C. crust
D. Plate
D. sea floor spreading

1573. True or False:Plastics will decompose 1577. Which of the following is NOT a subdi-
eventually, so it’s ok that they are in the vision of geological oceanography?
ocean A. Geophysics
B. Sedimentation
C. Plate Tectonic Studies
D. Marine Biology

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 172

1578. Why is the inside of the Earth still hot? 1582. The large, flat part of the ocean floor is
A. Because the outer layers have pre- called the
vented the escape of heat trapped during A. trench
the planet’s initial formation, and no new B. continental shelf
heat has been formed.
C. continental slope
B. Because the decay of large radioactive
elements is creating heat in the Earth’s in- D. abyssal plain
ner layers. 1583. According to your textbook (Wohlers et

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Because a nuclear process like that al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
found in stars is at work in Earth’s inte- scribes the term wave energy?
rior. A. harnesses the energy trapped in the
D. Because huge quantities of oil and nat- upper layer of seawater
ural gas occasionally burn deep within the B. used to capture energy where water
Earth. can spin turbines as it fills a with the ris-
ing tides
1579. What are cold currents?
C. capturing energy by building a cais-
A. Denser currents that flow from the
son that generates electricity by spinning
poles towards the equator and sink to the
a turbine using wave energy; and using
bottom.
buoys attached by vertical rods to the
B. Less dense water flowing from the sides of a wheel that turns to generate
equator towards the poles near the sur- electricity
face.
D. it was commercially feasible when
C. Movements of water flowing horizon- your textbook was written back in 2006
tally in the upper part of the ocean’s sur-
face caused by winds. 1584. It uses a long glass tube, open at one
end and closed at the other. Air pressure
D. The movement of energy through a
is measured by observing the height of the
body of water.
column of mercury in the tube.
1580. It is expansion or contraction of the vac- A. Barometer
uum chamber, caused by a change in air
B. Aneroid Barometer
pressure, forces the pointer to move.
C. Mercurial Barometer
A. Barometer
D. Thermometer
B. Aneroid Barometer
C. Mercurial Barometer 1585. What was the overall main idea of what
we learned about?
D. Thermometer

1581. Total amount of dissolved material in


water.
A. Density
B. Heat capacity
C. Solubility
D. Salinity A. studying animals

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 173

B. studying the sun A. undertow


C. studyingthe sand B. horse latitudes

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D. studying the oceans C. rip tides
1586. Which of the following is NOT a cate- D. easterlies
gory of ocean life?
1591. Who left Spain in September 1519 and
A. Nekton
became the first person to complete a cir-
B. Plankton cumnavigation of the globe when he re-
C. Benthic turned to Spain three years later?
D. Anthropod A. John Cabot

1587. An underwater mountain chain where B. Ferdinand Magellan


new ocean floor is formed C. Juan Sebastian del Cano
A. Mid-ocean Ridge D. Vasco da Gama
B. Abyssal Plain
1592. A scientist is studying a species of coral
C. Continental Shelf
that was recently discovered. The coral
D. none of above has attached itself to the ocean floor,
which makes it a
1588. What is an Ocean?
A. floating organism
B. non-moving organism
C. swimming organism
D. nonliving object

1593. Leads three voyages of exploration to


chart the Pacific, including the Hawaiian Is-
A. small body of water
lands. The first truly scientific expeditions
B. large body of water of the 1700s.
1589. Which issues, policies, and laws pro- A. Captain James Cook
mote responsible stewardship of the B. Charles Darwin
oceans?
C. Matthew Maury
A. Air pollution control measures
B. Deforestation and land development D. Sir Wyville Thomas

C. Trade agreements and fisheries regu- 1594. To obtain groundwater a well must be
lations drilled
D. Road construction and infrastructure A. above the water table
development
B. into an aquifer
1590. Besides the doldrums, there is another
C. into the unsaturated zone
place on earth with no real cross winds at
the surface called ? D. into an impermeable layer

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 174

1595. What route did Magellan take? 1599. Karst aquifers are formed by
A. water pressure buildup
A. B. water dissolving the limestone
C. organisms eating the limestone walls
D. water table rising to the surface
B. 1600. This was constructed by William Beebe
and Otis Barton.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. bathyscaphe
C. B. buoy
C. Dry disks
D. Bathysphere
D. 1601. What kind of fish is this?

1596. An area of land where the surface wa-


ter and groundwater drain into a particular
body of water
A. Watershed
B. Drainage Divide A. Red Fish
C. Erosion B. Strawberry Grouper
D. Aquifer C. Black fin grouper
1597. OFFICE D. Speckled trout
A. A particular discipline dealing with 1602. Who used a JIM suit (a pressurized
measurable or systematic principles metal suit) to set a world record in 1979
rather than intuition or natural ability. for the deepest dive without a tether?
B. The periodic change of the sea level. A. Jacques Cousteau
C. Something unexplainable B. Jacques Piccard
D. A building where professional duties C. Sylvia Earle
are performed. D. Robert Ballard
E. An established organization, which
1603. In the middle latitudes of the Northern
dedicated to education, public service, or
Hemisphere, a pressure cell develops
the care of the destitute.
over the ocean in winter and a pres-
1598. This is when the air quality is saturated sure cell develops in summer
with water near the ground. A. high; low
A. fog B. low; high
B. hurricane C. low; low
C. storm D. high; high
D. none of the above E. Either high; low or low; high can occur.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 175

1604. The time between the passage two A. turbidity current


wave crest or trough is called B. upwelling current

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A. wavelength C. density current
B. wave height D. Charlie current
C. wave period
1610. Why is ocean water more dense than
D. wave speed fresh water?
1605. When CO2 mixes with H2O, what is A. The salinity
formed? B. Animal waste
C. it is a different color
D. the oxygen levels are different

A. Nitric acid 1611. Deep density currents form from differ-


ences in
B. Carbon Monoxide
A. tides and waves
C. Carbonic acid
B. wind and precipitation
D. Mononuclidic acid
C. temperature and salinity
1606. is the largest tidal range and occurs D. minerals and oxygen
when the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun
form a straight line. 1612. What are ocean tides?
A. Spring Tide
B. Neap Tide
1607. A wet, cold air mass would be-
A. maritime tropical
B. maritime polar
C. continental tropical A. Long waves due to the gravitational
pull of the moon only.
D. continental polar
B. Long period waves caused by wind.
1608. Neap tides occur once a month. C. Short period waves caused by wind.
A. True D. Long waves due to the gravitational
B. False pullbetween the Earth, sun and the moon

1609. This type of current occurs when cold, 1613. It is believed that the swirling motions
nutrient-rich water rises to the surface. of magma in this layer of Earth’s inte-
rior drive the movement of tectonic plates.
What layer of earth does is this question
referring to?
A. Asthenosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Mantle
D. Outer core

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 176

1614. The most recently added ocean: 1619. As you go deeper in the ocean, the
A. Pacific ocean decreases.

B. Atlantic ocean A. water


C. Indian ocean B. salinity
D. Arctic ocean C. temperature
E. Southern ocean D. water pressure

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1615. These types of organisms are capable of 1620. After volcanism created Earth’s atmo-
producing their own food. sphere, what happened next that led the
A. Heterotrophs forming of oceans?
B. Consumers A. Ice caps melted.
C. Zooplankton B. earths crust cooled
D. Autotrophs
1621. Who supplied the Challenger for the pur-
1616. This tool is needed in order to map the pose of oceanic research?
ocean floor
A. radar
B. sonar (fathometer)
C. satellites
D. underwater cameras

1617. Identify the current labelled M in the fig-


ure. A. U.S. navy
B. British navy
C. French navy
D. Spanish navy

1622. the smooth, nearly flat region of the


deep ocean floor
A. Gulf Stream Current
B. Humboldt (Peru) Current
C. Kamchatka Current
D. Oyashio Current

1618. A measure of the amount of dissolved


salts or solids in liquid
A. salinity A. neritic zone
B. The boy B. photic zone
C. The girl C. abyssal plain
D. gulf stream D. continental slope

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 177

1623. Which ocean is the saltiest? C. The continental plate is sliding under
A. Atlantic Ocean the oceanic plate.

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B. Indian Ocean D. The continental plate is pulling away
from the oceanic plate.
C. Pacific Ocean
D. none of above 1627. What time of year are tornadoes most
likely to occur?
1624. The Global Ocean Conveyor Belt
A. in the spring time and early summer-
time (April-June)
B. spring and fall
C. fall and winter
D. spring and winter
A. Brings warm water to the United King-
1628. Pythoplankton inhabit
dom
B. Distributes heat throughout the world A. the bottom of the ocean

C. Moves in a circular pattern around B. the middle of the ocean


Antarctica C. the surface of the ocean
D. Does everything listed above D. the beginning of the ocean
1625. Wavelength= 2 mWave speed= 10
1629. Identify the current labelled B in the fig-
m/sWhat is the frequency?
ure.

A. 5 hz
B. 10 hz A. North Equatorial Current
C. 20 hz
B. North Pacific Current
D. 1 hz
C. Norwegian Current
E. 4 hz
D. South Equatorial Current
1626. A scientist is studying a region of the
ocean floor. She discovers a long, deep 1630. A tsunami is an unusually large wave
canyon that runs parallel to the coastline caused by
of a nearby continent. What can she infer A. an earthquake or volcano
from this discovery?
B. increased gravitational pulls when the
A. The oceanic plate is sliding past the
sun and moon line up
continental plate.
C. a heat wave
B. The oceanic plate is sliding under the
continental plate. D. extreme winds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 178

1631. A beach is A. harnesses the energy trapped in the


A. a deposit of the shore area upper layer of seawater
B. used to capture energy where water
B. only that area above the high-tide
can spin turbines as it fills a with the ris-
mark
ing tides
C. constant in space and time
C. capturing energy by building a cais-
D. none of above son that generates electricity by spinning
a turbine using wave energy; and using

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1632. Which field of oceanography focuses on buoys attached by vertical rods to the
the study of marine sediments and their sides of a wheel that turns to generate
geological significance? electricity
A. Chemical oceanography D. it was commercially feasible when
B. Physical oceanography your textbook was written back in 2006
C. Biological oceanography 1637. What is the main difference between an
D. Geological oceanography ocean and a sea?
A. Size
1633. This layer is composed of the gaseous
envelope around the Earth B. Salt concentration
A. Lithosphere C. Location

B. Hydrosphere D. Depth

C. Biosphere 1638. Why are ocean currents so important to


D. Atmosphere Earth’s overall climate?
A. they redistribute the heat from the
1634. An oceanic plate rams into a continental equator
plate, what happens?
B. the redistribute cold from the poles
A. The oceanic plate subducts
C. they move salty water to mix with
B. The continental plate subducts freshwater
C. The plates are rammed upwards D. all of these
D. Nothing happens 1639. The rising of cold water from deep lay-
ers of ocean to replace warmer surface wa-
1635. Sediments produced because of chemical
ter is (a)
reactions in seawater are called
A. a upwelling
A. cosmogenous
B. turbidity
B. biogenous
C. fetch
C. lithogenous
D. tidal range
D. hydrogenous
1640. Which of the following is NOT a subsur-
1636. According to your textbook (Wohlers et face current?
al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
scribes ocean thermal gradient technology A. density
(OTEC)? B. deep

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 179

C. surface 1647. The attraction that causes water and


D. none of above other liquids to form drops on thin films
is called This is also water’s ability to

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1641. gentle waves with crests that break be attraction to other water molecules.
softly towards shore
A. spilling
B. surging
C. plunging
D. none of above

1642. True or false:a tsunami has only 1 wave


hit
A. true A. adhesion
B. false-multiple waves hit B. capillary action

1643. How much of the Earth’s surface is cov- C. cohesion


ered by water? D. surface tension
A. 29.2%
B. 50.1% 1648. The warmest water in the ocean is
found at the-
C. 70.8%
A. equator, on the surface.
D. 97.5%
B. equator, deep below the surface.
1644. A shark eats mostly fish and smaller
ocean animals. A shark is a C. poles, on the surface.
A. herbivore D. poles, deep below the surface.
B. fleshier
1649. Which layer would photosynthesis take
C. decoposer
place?
D. none of above

1645. Which zone does not have enough light


for photosynthesis
A. photic
B. neritic
A. surface mixed zone
C. oceanic
B. transition zone
D. benthic
E. aphotic C. deep zone

1646. Oceans cover about half of the Earth’s D. all of the above
surface.
1650. This region is underlain by ancient 1.2
A. true billion year old igneous bedrock. It is
B. false known as the

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 180

1655. What do we call the horizontal distance


between 2 crest or troughs of a wave?
A. Wave height
B. Trough
C. Current
D. Wavelength

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Blue Ridge Region 1656. Deep ocean currents are a result of
B. Valley and Ridge Region
C. Piedmont
D. Coastal Plain

1651. As atmospheric CO2 the oceans be-


come more
A. increases, basic
A. Global Wind Patterns
B. increases, acidic
B. Earth’s Rotation
C. decreases, acidic
C. Density
D. none of above
D. All of the above
1652. What is a decomposer?
1657. What 2 factors can increase the salinity
A. Organism that creates their own food. of the water?
B. Organism that eat other organisms for A. freezing and evaporation
energy
B. multing and precipitation
C. Organism that eat other dead organ-
C. freezing and rivers
isms
D. the moon’s gravitational pull and pre-
D. none of above
cipitation
1653. Which of the following are oceans?
1658. Choose the correct option
A. Atlantic
B. Pacific
C. Western
D. Oceans

1654. Underwater volcanoes with flat tops


are known as
A. shelf A. Kingfisher
B. abyss B. Alvin
C. guyots C. FLIP
D. slope D. Trieste

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 181

1659. There are plate tectonic interactions. 1665. Scientists use to determine the
A. 1 oceans depth.

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B. 2 A. Submarine

C. 3 B. Sonar

D. 4 C. Helicopter
D. Light
1660. The group of marine algae best adapted
to deep water is: 1666. The edge of the continent that is covered
A. green algae, the Chlorophyta. by the ocean is called the

B. golden algae, the Chrysophyta. A. deep-ocean basin

C. red algae, the Rhodophyta. B. continental rift

D. brown algae, the Phaeophyta. C. continental margin


D. deep-sea rift
1661. The study of the evolution and composi-
tion of seawater 1667. Echo Sounder:transmits and receives
A. physical oceanography that are reflected off of the ocean floor
and submarine objects.
B. chemical oceanography
C. geological oceanography
D. hydrological oceanography

1662. Which marine exploration tool allowed


ships to determine their longitude at sea?
A. Marine chronometer
B. Compass
A. light waves
C. Sextant
B. soundwaves
D. Barometer
C. smell
1663. Transparent, whitish clouds that veil or D. texture
cover nearly the entire sky.
A. Cirrocumulus 1668. The ocean layers are divided by the
amount of in each layer.
B. Cirrus
A. animals
C. Altostratus
B. salt
D. Cirrostratus
C. light
1664. The study of Oceanography includes D. people
A. All aspects of the ocean
1669. Which of the following is driven by a dif-
B. All abiotic factors of the ocean ference in temperature and salinity in the
C. All biotic factors of the ocean ocean waters?
D. None of these is correct A. Tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 182

B. Surface Currents B. Continental slope


C. Deep Ocean Currents C. Trench
D. Gulf Stream D. Mid-ocean ridge
1670. The Gulf Stream carries warm water 1675. is an abnormal climate event that
from the Tropics to occurs every 2 to 7 years in the Pacific
A. the North Atlantic Ocean. Ocean.
A. The boy

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. the South Pacific Ocean.
C. The South Atltanic Ocean. B. The girl
D. The North Pacific Ocean. C. Curse of the goat
D. Curse of the Bambino
1671. Why does ice stay at the top of oceans
instead of sinking to the bottom? 1676. Identify the current labelled A in the fig-
A. Ice is colder than liquid water. ure.
B. Ice is less dense than liquid water.
C. Ice is more dense than liquid water.
D. Ice is warmer than liquid water.

1672. How did the Polynesians navigate?


A. Stars
A. Kuroshio Current
B. Ocean Currents
B. Labrador Current
C. Sun
C. Mozambique Current
D. All of the above
D. North Atlantic Current
1673. Which Zone is from 0-200 meter below
sea level? 1677. The density of ocean water is influenced
by what two factors?
A. Twilight Zone
A. Salinity and temperature
B. Sunlight Zone
B. Water color and chlorophyll
C. Midnight Zone
C. Dissolved gases and dissolved solids
D. none of above
D. Dissolved carbon and trace elements
1674. Which ocean feature does #2 repre-
sent? 1678. The ocean is the same temperature ev-
erywhere.
A. True
B. False

1679. What Newton Law is used to describe


how the moon controls the waves
A. An object will not change its motion un-
A. Continental shelf less a force acts on it

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 183

B. The force on an object is equal to its 1684. Where would you find the hottest ocean
mass times its acceleration water?

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C. There is a mutually attractive force- A. Equator toward the bottom
gravity-between any two bodies B. Arctic Ocean toward the surface
D. none of above C. Equator toward the surface
1680. Water pollution that comes from a sin- D. Arctic Ocean toward the bottom
gle source is considered
1685. Which is correct regarding the phe-
A. point source pollution nomenon of water sinking and water ris-
B. nonpoint source pollution ing?
C. thermal pollution A. Water sinks and we die because we
drown. / Water emerges causing us to
D. ocean pollution emerge and be reborn.
1681. Oceanic crust (sea floor) is destroyed at B. Water sinks, making it dangerous for
this boundary. sea swimming. / Floating water causes
seawater to penetrate the land, making
the soil salty.
C. Water sinks, adding oxygen to the
lower layer of water / Water rising causes
nutrients to rise to the upper layer of wa-
ter.
D. Sinking water causes cold water to cir-
A. Convergent Oceanic
culate into the lower water level. / Spring
B. Divergent Oceanic water causes warm water to rise up to the
C. Convergent Continental-Continental upper water level.
D. Divergent Continental 1686. What is one way that the salinity in-
creases in the ocean?
1682. What causes ocean surface currents?
A. Evaporation
A. gravitational attraction
B. Reduced rainfall
B. friction between the ocean and wind
C. Decreased ice melting
on its surface
D. Dumping freshwater into the ocean
C. ocean movements associated with
earthquakes 1687. Coral reefs can normally be found in:
D. changes in water density A. Arctic region
1683. Which of the terms below include all of B. Savannahs
the others? C. Tropical and Sub Tropical regions
A. Drainage basin D. Marshes
B. Divide
1688. What happens to the salinity of ocean
C. watershed water as you move towards the poles?
D. headwaters A. It decreases

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 184

B. It increases D. westerlies
C. It stays the same
1694. This person invented the aqua lung, AKA
D. There is not pattern “SCUBA”
1689. Area of ocean that extends from the
low-tide line out to the edge of the con-
tinental shelf, presence of light and pho-
tosynthesis means most sealife is located

NARAYAN CHANGDER
here.
A. abyssal zone
B. intertidal zone
C. sublittoral (neritic) zone A. Jacques Cartier
D. talk zone B. Jacques Cousteau
1690. An abnormal climate event that occurs C. Sylvia Earle
every 2 to 7 years in the Pacific Ocean,
D. Robert Ballard
causing changes in winds, currents, and
weather patterns that can lead to dramatic
1695. Oceanic rock is predominantly composed
climate changes.
of the igneous rock called
A. Ocean Current
A. basalt
B. The boy
B. granite
C. Gulf Stream
D. Salinity C. anorthosite
D. give away
1691. Identify the ocean known for its strong
and unpredictable currents, often referred
1696. Radiometric dating is the process of de-
to as the “Roaring Forties.”
termining the age of rocks by observing
A. Indian Ocean the ratio of radioactive elements to
B. Atlantic Ocean decay products.
C. Southern Ocean A. stable; unstable
D. Arctic Ocean B. lead; uranium
1692. On the east coast, the continental shelf C. unstable; stable
is wider than the west coast of the US. D. lead; plutonium
A. True
B. False 1697. Tectonic plates are pieces of the that
float on the more fluid below.
1693. Equatorial currents are driven by the
A. asthenosphere; lithosphere

A. trade winds B. lithosphere; mesosphere


B. Coriolis force C. lithosphere; asthenosphere
C. density D. mantle; crust

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 185

1698. What is a difference between spring and C. calculated the circumference of the
neap tides? earth

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D. none of above

1702. What causes tsunamis?

A. Earthquakes

B. Typhoons

C. Hurricanes

D. Weather
A. Spring tides occurwhen the earth and
sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon.
1703. Which is not true about salty water?
B. Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd
or 1stquarter phases A. Floats on top of freshwater
C. Spring tides are LOWER than neap
B. Higher density
tides
D. none of above C. It has more molecules than freshwater

1699. What best describes the continental D. It sinks at the bottom of a container
shelf?
A. Flat underwater valley 1704. What two forces work together to cre-
ate an Ekman Spiral and begin the motion
B. Shallow area of sediment near the of the surface currents?
shore
C. A region of mountains deep in the A. weather and wind
ocean B. global winds and the Coriolis effect
D. A region with high water pressure
C. global winds and the sun
1700. What kind of current does the east and
D. the Coriolis effect and continental de-
west coast current have?
flections
A. East:Warm Current West:Warm Cur-
rent
1705. What is another name for 0◦ parallel?
B. East:Cold Current West:Cold Current
A. easterlies
C. East:Warm Current West:Cold Current
D. East:Cold Current West:Warm Current B. The Prime Meridian

1701. The Phoenicians: C. The Equator

A. established trade routes in the D. westerlies


mediterranean
B. invented the system of longitude and 1706. What is the name of this research vessel
latitude owned by SCRIPPS?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 186

B.

a net used for the capture of plankton

C.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
collect a sample of sediment on seafloor

D.

measure the rate of flow of water


A. ALVIN 1710. What type of Aquifers are A and B?
B. STARR
C. FLIP
D. JASON

1707. Name the floor feature:the deep ocean


floor that is the biggest part of the ocean
A. Seamount
A. Both are Confined Aquifers
B. Trench
B. Aquifer A is a Confined Aquifer and
C. Abyssal Plain
Aquifer B is a Unconfined Aquifer
D. Continental Shelf
C. Aquifer A is a Unconfined Aquifer and
1708. An underwater current flowing swiftly Aquifer B is a Confined Aquifer
downslope due to the weight of sediment D. Both are Unconfined Aquifers
it carries.
1711. The deep sea (2000 meters or more)
A. Active continental margin where there is no light
B. Passive continental margin A. Oceanic Zone
C. Deep ocean trench B. Abyssal Zone
D. Deep ocean basin C. Sonar
E. Turbidity currents D. Neritic Zone
Explanation:
1712. This layer of the atmosphere contains
the ozone layer that filters UV radiation.
1709. Plankton net
A. Mesosphere
B. Stratosphere
A.
C. Thermosphere
measures conductivity, temp, depth D. Troposphere

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 187

1713. A collisional boundary between two 1717. Which is a possible local source of
plates that in most cases results in subduc- earth’s water?
tion of a plate is called

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A. volcanoes
A. divergent boundaries B. meteorites
B. convergent boundaries
1718. Calculate the estuaries habitat percent
C. transform boundaries contribution to global carbon sequestra-
D. mid-ocean ridges tion.

1714. Which of the following is the best con-


clusion that can be made from this graph?

A. 14%
B. 30%
C. 10%
D. 20%

1719. What are convection currents?


A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels A. A movement of water resulting from
have been decreasing since 1960 density differences
B. Hawaii has a lot of carbon dioxide B. Currents of warm water in the ocean
C. Humans have been working hard to de- C. A circular current
crease carbon dioxide levels D. Surface currents that get too dense
D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and sink
have increased steadily since 1960 1720. The more scientific name of the Global
Conveyor Belt is
1715. The submerged outer edge of a conti-
nent A. halinethermal circulation
A. ocean basins B. thermohaline circulation

B. continental margins C. thermodensity circulation


D. none of above
C. continental shelf
D. continental slope 1721. What is happening at 2?

1716. Select the landforms that have been cre-


ated by erosion.
A. Headlands
B. Beaches
C. Spits
D. Wave cut platform
E. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 188

A. respiration:releasing CO2 1727. Which one lives at the very bottom of


B. decomposing CO2 in the soil the ocean?

C. photosynthesis:absorbing CO2 A. Nekton


D. turning CO2 from the atmosphere into B. Plankton
organic molecules
C. Benthos
1722. Which of the following areas in the D. none of above
ocean is likely to have the lowest salinity?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. a warm, tropical sea 1728. It’s divergent
B. the cold Arctic Ocean A. permanent
C. a bay at the mouth of a big river
B. current
D. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
C. divergent
1723. The marine project for this decade is
D. none of above
A. open GPS up for ocean exploration
B. map the ocean floor 1729. Identify #1
C. take a census of marine life
D. drill for oil on the continental shelf

1724. The three most common ions found in


sea water are:
A. Sodium, magnesium and sulphate
B. Sodium, magnesium, and sulphate
A. Turbidity current
C. Chloride, magnesium, and calcium
B. Deep sea fan
D. Chloride, sodium and sulphate
C. Submarine Canyon
1725. An underwater mountain chain where
new ocean floor is formed D. Deep ocean trench

A. Seamount E. Seamount
B. Trench
C. Volcanic Island Explanation:

D. Mid-Ocean Ridge

1726. True or false:Phytoplankton is the first 1730. How does increasing temperature im-
link in the food chain. pact density?
A. true
A. As the temperature increases, the den-
B. false sity will decrease.
C. i don’t know B. As the temperature decreases, the
D. wasn’t listening density will increase.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 189

1731. Runoff is an issue because: C. up and down


D. circular

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1736. about % of the Earth’s water can
be found in our oceans.

A. it redirects the water away from


nearby bodies of water
B. it can carry substances that harm or-
ganisms in nearby bodies of water
C. It can dilute helpful substances in
nearby bodies of water
D. none of above A. 25%
1732. What is the definition for nekton B. 67%
A. Organisms that are able to swim C. 72%
through the water on their own D. 97%
B. Organisms that migrate to different ar-
eas of the water 1737. “Black smokers” besides being biologi-
cal providing a biological oasis in the ocean
C. Organisms that migrate with other of bottom are also a potential source of rich
their species to different areas of water mineral ore deposits
D. none of above
A. True
1733. Gyres in the northern hemisphere are B. False
surface currents that turn clockwise due to
the Coriolis Effect. Gyres in the southern 1738. is a major mechanism of energy
hemisphere turn transfer in the oceans, atmosphere, and
A. Clockwise the Earth’s interior.

B. Counter Clockwise A. Convection


B. Induction
1734. What do oceanographers study?
C. Radiation
A. Deserts
B. The ocean and its living things D. Conduction

C. Mountains 1739. Which of the following diagrams shows


D. Rivers normal conditions in the pacific ocean?
A.
1735. What basic motion does water follow
during the passage of a wave? B.
A. forward C.
B. backward D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 190

1740. Deep currents are caused by differences 1745. By the year 1125, the Chinese had in-
in the ocean water. vented the:
A. clarity of A. Astrolabe
B. sun’s effect on B. Compass
C. density of C. Sextant
D. salinity of D. none of above
1741. The largest source of pollution in the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1746. Weather is
ocean comes from
A. a daily or weekly status of the atmo-
A. Oil Spills
sphere
B. Acid Rain
B. the long-term overall physical condi-
C. Runoff tions of a region
D. Wind
1747. Adding salt to water makes it less
1742. Which is the largest ocean? dense.
A. Atlantic A. True
B. Pacific B. False
C. Indian
1748. The science of describing, classifying,
D. Anyway and naming living things is called:
1743. Using the diagram above, which factor A. Geology
below does not influence the size of a
B. Biology
wave as it moves across the ocean?
C. Taxonomy
D. Chemistry

1749. A coastal body of water, often contain-


ing brackish water, connected to the ocean
and supplied with freshwater from a river
is a(n)
A. Spit
A. The strength of the wind B. Atoll
B. The distance the wind blows across C. Watershed
the surface
D. Estuary
C. The breeze duration (how long the
wind blows) 1750. A water current that travels near and
D. The density of the ocean water parallel to the shoreline
A. Longshore Current
1744. The vertical distance between a wave’s
crest and trough B. Surface Current
A. wave length C. Ocean Current
B. wave height D. Density Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 191

1751. The steep drop from the continental 1757. People depend on ocean organisms for
shelf to the ocean floor is-

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A. continental shelf A. minerals
B. continental rise B. fuels
C. continental slope C. food and water
D. mid-ocean ridge D. All of these choices
1752. T or F? Water acts like a magnet when 1758. Put the stages of Coal development in
it attracts other water molecules. order from MOST RECENT to oldest
A. True
B. False

1753. What is the difference in height be-


tween successive high and low tides?
A. Wave height
B. Wavelength
A. peat, lignite, coal
C. Tidal range
B. coal, lignite, peat
D. Tidal cycle
C. lignite, coal, peat
1754. Ten percent of ocean water is fresh wa-
ter. D. lignite, peat, coal

A. True 1759. All of the following are pieces of oceano-


B. False graphic equipment used to take measure-
ments and samples EXCEPT
1755. Another reason algae /phytoplankton
are important is because these serve as
to most food chains in the ocean
A. salinity protection
B. primary food source
C. barriers from strong currents/weather
systems
D. none of above A. doppler radar

1756. a volcanic mountain rising from the B. magnetometer


ocean floor that doesn’t reach the surface C. echo sounder / sonar
A. Seamount D. bottom sampler
B. Volcanic Island
1760. Ocean acidification occurs when too
C. Deep Ocean Trench
much enters the ocean from the atmo-
D. none of above sphere.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 192

1765. TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes,


the ocean floor accumulates 2mm of clay
every thousand years.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

A. calcium carbonate
1766. What is salinity?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. carbon dioxide
A. level of iron in water
C. sulfur dioxide
D. nitrogen gas B. amount of salt in water

1761. If a wave has a period of 6 seconds and C. water pressure


a wavelength of 36 what is its speed?
D. water temperature
A. 36/6= 6ft/s
B. 6/36=0.17s/ft 1767. How many degrees separate meridians
C. 6x36=216ft/s at the equator?
D. none of above A. 1◦
1762. Who hypothesized the theory of plate B. 15◦
tectonics?
C. 20◦
A. Alfred Wegener
B. James Cook D. 30◦
C. Albert Einstein
1768. What is the periodic rise and fall of the
D. Sir Charles Thompson water level in the oceans?
1763. Upwelling causes a decrease in marine A. Tide
organisms where it occurs.
A. True B. Tidal range
B. False C. Spring Tide
1764. What ocean is between Africa and Aus- D. Neap Tide
tralia?
1769. High pressure areas experience
A. cool, clear weather
B. warm, cloudy, and stormy weather

A. Pacific ocean 1770. Waves that can travel only through mat-
ter are
B. Indian ocean
C. Atlantic ocean A. mechanical waves
D. Southern ocean B. electromagnetic waves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 193

1771. The Magnetic Compass was invented by 1775. The angler fish lives in water
the:

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A. Dark
B. Warm
A. Vikings
C. Beautiful
B. Polynesians
D. none of above
C. Chinese
1776. deep ocean currents are driven primarily
D. Arabs by and caused by

1772. What is the main source of terrigenous A. latitude; differences in salinity & land
sediments to the ocean? B. density differences; the Coriolis effect
& land
A. volcanic eruptions
C. wind; the Coriolis effect & land
B. rivers
D. density differences; differences in
C. dust and ash salinity & temperature
D. cosmic dust
1777. The distance between two adjacent
1773. The scientific study of the oceans and wave crests is known as the:
oceanic phenomena A. wave length
A. oceanography B. wave period
B. ecology C. wave height

C. meteorology D. wave frequency

D. astronomy 1778. Sponges get their food by


A. going through photosynthesis
1774. Although 99% of the ocean floor is un-
explored, have people reached essentially B. decomposing it
the deepest spot in the ocean and returned C. sponges do not eat
safely to the surface? D. filter feeding
A. Yes, and just recently (in 1997).
1779. The ocean is covered with ice.
B. Yes, but it was some while ago, in the
1960s.
C. No, and such a trip is not considered
possible.
D. No, not yet, though a trip is now being
planned.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 194

A. Indian 1784. Whyistheiceshelffloating?


B. Pacific
C. Atlantic
D. Arctic

1780. Winds always move from


A. low pressure to high pressure

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. high pressure to high pressure
A. Theoceanwaterisfilledwithvegetation-
C. high pressure to low pressure thatkeepstheicefromsinking.
D. low pressure to low pressure B. The ice is melting faster than it can
sink
1781. What does SONAR equipment measure?
C. The ice is warmer than the ocean wa-
A. the density of the ocean’s water ter
B. the depth of the ocean’s floor D. The ice is less dense than the ocean
C. the noise produced by bottom-dwelling water.
creatures
1785. This type of sediment comes from parts
D. the shape of the ocean’s surface of once living things

1782. The huge pieces of the earth’s crust are A. lithogenous


called B. biogenous
C. hydrogenous
D. cosmogenous

1786. forms of water coming down from


clouds. The kinds of are:hail, rain,
sleet, snow
A. crust A. urbanization
B. plates B. pollution
C. directions C. precipitation
D. earthquake D. solution

1783. Why do currents curve to the right in the 1787. What is the second zone of the ocean
Northern Hemisphere? called?
A. the gravitational pull of the moon A. Sunlight
B. density B. Trench
C. salinity C. Midnight
D. Coriolis effect D. Twilight

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 195

1788. able to dissolve 1793. This explorer was the first European to
A. infiltration sail around the southern most tip of Africa.

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B. convection currents
C. soluble
D. reservoir
1789. A hypothesis that is supported by the re-
sults of repeated experimentation and ob-
servation.
A. conclusion
A. Henry Hudson
B. theory
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. scientific law
D. variable C. Christopher Columbus
D. Bartolomeu Dias
1790. The pacific ocean holds how many is-
lands?
1794. Choose the correct option
A. 5, 000
B. 25, 000
C. 500
D. 2500
1791. What causes coral bleaching?
A. oil spills
B. warmer water temperatures
C. overfishing
D. red tide
1792. Why is upwelling (deep water moving
to the surface) important?
A. Echo Sounding
B. Current Meter
C. GPS
D. Hydrophone
E. Secchi Disk
A. Upwelling makes the ocean more
salty. 1795. “Relative dating” to
B. Upwelling provides nutrient rich water A. absolute dating
that sustains life
B. relative dating
C. Upwelling controls the tides
C. rock dating
D. Upwelling helps sailors to navigate the
seas D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 196

1796. Who were the first to start ocean explo- 1801. A student takes a bottle of cold water
ration? from the refrigerator and leaves it on the
A. English counter. Ten minutes later, the student no-
ticed there is now water droplets on the
B. It’s gone outside of the bottle. Which scientific phe-
C. Romans nomenon explains the water on the out-
side of the bottle?
D. Greeks

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1797. What does SCUBA have that snorkeling
does not?
A. flippers
B. weight belt
C. air tank
D. snorkel

1798. Which of the following types of move-


ment is considered a “swimming” marine A. Condensation-the air temperature de-
species? creased around the bottle causing water
droplets to form.
A. plankton
B. Evaporation-the air temperature de-
B. benthos
creased around the bottle causing water
C. nekton droplets to form.
D. talk C. Condensation-the air temperature in-
creased around the bottle causing water
1799. What percentage of Earth’s surface is
vapor to form.
represented by ocean basins?
D. Evaporation-the air temperature in-
creased around the bottle causing water
vapor to form.

1802. What is the average salinity of the


oceans?
A. 10 percent A. 0.05 ppt
B. 30 percent B. 335 ppt
C. 50 percent C. 1000 ppt
D. 60 percent D. 0.5 ppt

1800. What are some ways carbon can enter 1803. In the southern hemisphere, the direc-
the ocean? tion of Ekman transport is always
A. Can dissolve in it A. to the left of the wind direction
B. Travel through exposed rocks B. to the right of the wind direction
C. Plant life C. parallel to the wind direction
D. Marine life D. at a 45◦ angle from the wind direction

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 197

1804. Which is the correct order? 1808. What percent of the Earth’s surface is
covered in water?
A. Stack, stump, cave, arch

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A. 71
B. cave, arch, stump, stack
B. 82
C. cave, stack, arch, stump
C. 50
D. cave, arch, stack, stump
D. 63
1805. what vegetation zone of the marsh
would you find plants that need relatively 1809. Why does water move from the roots
dry soils? to the leaves of plants?
A. Low marsh
B. Mid marsh
C. High marsh
D. none of above

1806. 10) Which point on the diagram cor-


rectly locates 15◦ S and 30◦ W? What is
located at that spot?

A. Water is pushed by solutes


B. Capillary action pulls the water
molecules like a chain
C. Water is pulled by gravity
D. Water’s cohesion causes it to “pull” to-
wards the leaves

1810. Neap tides occur when the:


A. Z, a subduction zone A. sun / moon / earth are in a straight
B. Y, an ocean ridge line

C. X, the Atlantic Ocean B. sun / moon / earth are at right angles

D. X, the Pacific Ocean C. sun / moon / earth are at 45 degree


angles
1807. What is the cause of rising surface tem- D. quarter moons only
peratures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in
the western United States, and flooding on 1811. Ocean water evaporates and warms up
the Pacific coast of South America? as it rises from the Earth’s surface.
A. the Gulf Stream A. True
B. the Jet Stream B. False
C. The girl
1812. How does carbon travel through the car-
D. The boy bon cycle?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 198

A. It starts in the atmosphere and then C. Atlantic Ocean


travels through the biosphere, hydro- D. Southern Ocean
sphere, geosphere, and then back to the
atmosphere. 1817. Pollution that cannot be traced to a
B. It starts in the biosphere and then single point because comes from many
travels through the atmosphere, hydro- sources
sphere, geosphere, and then back to the A. estuary
biosphere.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. water shed
1813. Density of water as temperature de-
C. non point source pollution
creases.
D. point source pollution
A. Decreases
B. Increases 1818. How many high and low tide(s) do you
C. Stays the same. have each day during a dirunal tidal sys-
tem?
D. Depends on region.
A. 1 high, 2 low
1814. Rocks that are composed primarily of
B. 2 high, 2 low
calcium carbonate are called
C. It varies
A. Silstone
B. Shale D. 1 high, 1 low

C. Limestone 1819. The doldrums refer to the same region


D. Coal as the
E. Brecca A. inter-tropical convergence zone
B. trade winds
1815. How are scientist able to estimate the
thickness of each layer of the Earth?By C. jet stream
studying D. subtropics
A. radio waves
1820. Toxin concentrations as you go up
B. sonar waves
the food chain.
C. laser waves
A. do not change
D. seismic waves
B. increase
1816. Name the ocean labeled 2?
C. decrease
D. none of above

1821. What might form on the ocean floor


where two plates separate?
A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Ocean trench
A. Indian Ocean C. Continental shelf
B. Arctic Ocean D. Seamount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 199

1822. If you see a wetland with trees growing


in it,

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A. it is most likely freshwater
B. it is most likely salt water
C. there isno way to predict if it is fresh-
water or salt water
D. it is salwater AND freshwater

1823. Which of the following dynamic layers


is ductile:
A. Lithosphere
B. Asthenosphere
C. Inner Core
A. The percentage of land and water is
D. Mesosphere roughly equal in both the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres.
1824. Sediments that originate from living
B. The Southern Hemisphere is covered
things are classified as
by much more water than the Northern
A. biogeous Hemisphere.
B. hydrogenous C. The Northern Hemisphere is covered
by much more water than the Southern
C. cosmogenous
Hemisphere.
D. terrigenous D. Earth is covered by more land than wa-
ter.
1825. Organic matter in soil is made from
A. decayed plants and animals 1828. Constantly moving system of deep-
ocean circulation driven by temperature
B. acid rain and salinity. It moves water around the
C. weathered parent rock globe.
D. carbon dioxide

1826. the area between the high tide and the


low tide mark
A. benthic zone
B. intertidal zone
C. pelagic zone
D. abyssal zone A. California Current
B. Global Conveyor Belt
1827. According to Figure 14-1, which of the
following statements about the distribu- C. Surface Currents
tion of land and water is true? D. Gulf Stream

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 200

1829. What are the two MAIN parts that the 1834. The energy that drives surface ocean
ocean is divided into? currents comes from
A. Continental Shelf A. salinity variations
B. Continental Margin B. wind
C. Abyssal Plain C. temperature differences
D. Ocean Basin D. wave action
1830. How much lower was sea level at the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1835. Drinking, bathing, and doing laundry are
peak of the last ice age? (p. 445) examples of:
A. 130 meter A. irrigation (transportation)
B. 20, 000 feet B. industrial uses of water (industries)
C. 3 mm/year C. household uses of water
D. 17 cm D. recreational uses of water (water
1831. What is the tidal frequency shown on parks)
the green graph below? 1836. Is the rising of cold water from deeper
layers to replace warmer surface water
A. Upwelling
B. Density
C. Pycnocline
A. Diurnal
D. Nekton
B. Mixed
1837. The proportion of dissolved salts to pure
C. Semidiurnal
water in the ocean
D. none of above
A. salinity
1832. The most specific of the classifications B. thermocline
is?
C. turbidity currents
A. class
D. oceanography
B. order
C. genus 1838. How do warm water currents impact
the climate?
D. species
1833. What is the freezing point of seawater?
A. 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahren-
heit)
B. -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees
Fahrenheit)
C. 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahren-
heit)
D. -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees
Fahrenheit) A. bring more precipitation and humidity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 201

B. less precipitation and less humidity A. Sea of Japan


C. currents do not effect climate B. Sea of Okhotsk

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D. none of above C. South China Sea
1839. What is precipitation? D. Tasman Sea
A. The part of the water cycle when the E. Yellow Sea
sun heats up water, turning it from a liquid 1843. area where the zone of aeration and
into water vapor or steam. It rises from zone of saturation meet
the ground into the air.
A. water cycle
B. The part of the water cycle when the
water vapor in the air gets cold. The water B. recharge zone
turns back into a liquid and forms clouds. C. water table
C. The part of the water cycle when D. none of above
clouds get heavy and can no longer hold
1844. Which section represents the continen-
the liquid water. This causes the water to
tal shelf?
fall from the sky to the earth as rain, snow,
sleet, or hail.
D. none of above
1840. Who is credited with coming up with
both the first latitude and longitude sys-
tem as well as a method for calculating the
circumference of the Earth?
A. Section 2
A. Pytheas
B. Section 4
B. Aristotle
C. Section 3
C. Eratosthenes
D. Section 1
D. Socrates
1845. The main characteristic of the euphotic
1841. What is an Ocean Current
zone is
A. A continuous, directed movement of
A. Water temoerature
ocean water
B. Salinity Levels
B. A random pattern of ocean water
movement C. Sunilight
C. A sudden surge of ocean water D. Plant life
D. A stagnant pool of ocean water 1846. The earliest known enclosures used to
explore underwater were , which al-
1842. Choose the correct option
lowed people to leave the air space and
exit out the bottom to work.
A. dew
B. DSVs
C. diving bells
D. ROVs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 202

1847. Which of the following are used to study 1853. A hypothesis is-
earth’s oceans A. a possible explanation of an observa-
A. sonar tion that can be tested
B. floats B. a proven statement

C. satellites C. a conclusive statement


D. a definite answer to a possible prob-
D. all of them
lem

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1848. What causes tides? 1854. Organisms that live on the ocean floor
A. The Earth’s gravitational pull are known as
B. The Earth’s rotation A. benthos

C. The Earth’s revolution B. plankton


C. phytoplankton
D. The moon’s gravitational pull
D. epipelagic
1849. Polar bears are marine mammals
1855. Main tidal patterns
A. false
A. diurnal =1 high tide and 1 low tide per
B. true day.
B. semidiurnal=2 high tides and 2 low
1850. The ocean covers 50% of Earth’s sur-
tides per day.
face.
C. Mixed= 2 high tides and 2 low tides
A. True
per day.
B. False D. Semimixed= 1 low tide and 1 high tide
per day.
1851. If a river delta is to grow in size,
must exceed 1856. The short term conditions of the atmo-
A. erosion deposition. sphere in a local area. (Temperature, hu-
midity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind
B. deposition erosion. speed, atmospheric pressure.
C. primary process secondary pro- A. Confluence
cesses.
B. Temperance
D. eustatic processes tectonic pro- C. Climate
cesses.
D. Weather
1852. These are underwater vessels which can
1857. You visited the beach at 12 pm (noon)
be remotely operated or carry people to
and it is high tide. If you return 6 hours
the deepest areas of the ocean.
later what tide will you see?
A. Teslas A. high
B. submersibles B. low
C. ski jets C. none
D. automobiles D. spring

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 203

1858. How much of the Earth is covered in salt- 1862. Letter A is pointing to the
water?

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A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 97.5%
D. 2.5% A. Continental shelf
1859. Which statement correctly defines B. Mid-ocean ridge
wind? C. Continental slope
A. Wind is the movement of air from ar- D. Trench
eas of low pressure to areas of high pres-
sure 1863. What stage of the Wilson Cycle is fourth
B. Wind is the movement of air to a colder and is represented by the Pacific Ocean?
area in the atmosphere. A. Juvenile
C. Wind is the movement of air from ar- B. Mature
eas of high pressure to areas of low pres- C. Declining
sure.
D. Terminal
D. Wind is the movement of air pushed
around and bouncing off Earth’s surface. 1864. What weather instrument is used to
measure wind direction?
1860. The gently sloping submerged surface
A. anemometer
extending from the shoreline toward the
deep ocean is called B. thermometer
A. continental rise C. psychrometer
B. continental shelf D. wind vane
C. continental slope 1865. In the sea, phytoplankton use the sun’s
D. submarine canyon energy to make their own food. They are-
A. producers
1861. What type of boundary does Seafloor
Spreading occur? B. consumers
C. decomposers
D. none of above

1866. What can you infer about plankton from


the fact that they live in the photic zone of
the ocean?
A. They will sting you if you go swimming
in the ocean.
A. Convergent B. They are rarely eaten by other forms
B. Subduction of marine life.
C. Collision C. They are able to swim extremely fast.
D. Divergent D. They need sunlight to survive.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 204

1867. What part of the continental margin is 1873. As plants and animals in the ocean die,
located at letter B? the nutrients produced from their decay
A. Continental slope
B. Continental Shelf
C. Continental rise
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1868. % of earths surface is covered by
oceans
A. 78 A. are recycled by the Global Conveyor
Belt
B. 71
B. sink to the bottom
1869. True or False:Producers make their own C. are destroyed by sunlight
food using the sun’s energy
D. become coral reefs
A. True
B. False 1874. Valleys cut deep into the ocean floor
A. Plankton
1870. Why are insects able to stand on water?
B. Salinity
A. Surface tension makes a film that the
insects can stand on C. Surface Current

B. As the water evaporates, a thin layer D. Ocean Trench


is left behind to stand on
1875. What is structure C?
C. Because of capillary action, water pro-
pels them through tubes
D. Surface tension makes them sink so
they swim up to the surface and float

1871. What is the deepest known area in the


ocean?
A. Mariana Trench A. Continental Shelf
B. Arctic Ocean Trench B. Continental Slope
C. Atlantic Trench C. Continental Rise
D. Indian Ocean Trench D. Abyssal Plain

1872. Which of the following currents are cold 1876. When looking at mid ocean ridges the
water currents oldest rocks are
A. Gulf Stream A. In the middle
B. Norwegian B. Found close to the rift zone
C. Labrador C. Found far from the mid ocean ridges
D. none of above D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 205

1877. Which is the most dangerous shark? 1882. Mollusks have


A. the blue A. bilateral symmetry

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B. the white B. radial symmetry
C. no symmetry
1878. Which of the following statement about
salt in the oceans is true? D. none of above
A. It is sodium chloride 1883. About of Earth is covered in water.
B. it is less salty that salt we eat A. 3%
C. it has been in the ocean for only 50 B. 50%
years
C. 70%
D. it is saltier than the salt we eat
D. 90%
1879. What property of water is shown in the
1884. Looping currents in the northern hemi-
picture?
sphere form gyres that travel in a clock-
wise direction.
A. true
B. false

1885. The warm, strong current off the coast


of Florida is the

A. surface tension
B. adhesion
C. capillary action
D. universal solvent

1880. Surface currents are caused by the


A. Weather
B. Wind A. Gulf Stream
C. Ocean B. California Current
D. Dogs C. North Equatorial Current
D. Brazil Current
1881. Active continental margins are located
A. along the east coast of the United 1886. All of the following are examples of
States. properties of water, except

B. along the east coast of South America. A. Latent Heat of Condensation

C. on the west coasts of both North and B. adhesion


South America. C. cohesion
D. all around Africa. D. surface tension

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 206

1887. A part of the ocean can become more 1891. spring


salty when more
A.
A. Evaporation Occurs
B. Precipitation Occurs
B.
1888. As you move deeper into the water
temperature, pressure and salt content
1892. What were the two sources of water
change.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
that created Earth’s oceans?
A. Water from formation and solar wind
B. Melting of glaciers and evaporation of
lakes
C. Volcanic outgassing and ice from
comets
D. Gas from other planets and gravity

1893. Which is most likely to be the energy


source for organisms living in hydrother-
mal vents?
A. oxygen
B. sunlight
C. methane or sulfur
A. true
D. carbon dioxide
B. false
1894. A squid has multiple , but only 2
1889. The amount of salt in the ocean water. A. arms, tentacles
A. Salinity B. tentacles, arms
B. Density
1895. Which Ocean is the smallest
C. Currents
A. Atlantic
D. Tides B. Arctic
1890. Western intensification cases C. Pacific
A. the center of the gyre to be shift to the D. Indian
west 1896. a vertical column of ocean water, di-
B. equatorial countercurrents vided into different zones according to
their depth. (There are 2 of these, the
C. very swift western boundary currents
photic zone and the aphotic zone)
D. a steeper slope of surface water in the
A. photic zone
western section of the gyre as compare to
the eastern section of the gyre B. water column

E. all of the choices are the result of west- C. abyssal plain


ward intensification D. aphotic zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 207

1897. You’re standing on the beach facing the 1903. The next full moon and spring tide will
ocean, the wind is hitting your back, this occur on Feb. 10th. When will the follow-
is a ing neap tide occur?

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A. sea breeze A. Feb. 11th
B. land breeze B. Feb. 17th
C. Feb. 24th
C. hard to tell
D. March 1st
D. none of above
1904. Consumer that eats plants
1898. If the first high tide of the day occurs
A. heterotroph
at 3:30am, approximately when will the
next low tide occur? B. herbivore

A. 3:30 am the next day C. producer


D. community
B. 3:30 pm
C. 9:30 pm 1905. Name a moon phase that can be seen
during a neap tide?
D. 9:30 am
A. Full Moon
1899. The average salinity of ocean water is B. Waxing Crescent
A. 20 ppt C. First Quarter

B. 30 ppt D. Waning Gibbous

C. 5 ppt 1906. Choose the correct option

D. 35 ppt

1900. Waves carry matter from place to place.


A. True
B. False

1901. What is the scientific name for salt? A. Cast Net


A. Sodium Acetate B. Dip Net
B. Sodium Chloride C. Otter Trawl Net
C. Chloride sodium D. Plankton Net
D. Hydroxide sulfate E. Purse His Net
1907. High-energy environments are most
1902. Water molecules absorb light energy
likely to deposit which one of the follow-
and convert it into
ing?
A. atoms
A. Large particles such as gravel
B. heat B. Cosmogenous sediments
C. negative energy charge C. Manganese nodules
D. food D. Clay-sized particles

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 208

1908. The organism shown where would be A. local and global


classified as B. sea and land
A. Nekton C. surface and deep
B. Pathos
D. warm and cold
C. Plankton
1913. The inner core remains a solid due to the
D. Benthos
amount of
1909. Look at the picture and answer cor-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Heat
rectly.
B. Pressure
C. Material
D. Density

1914. Heterotrophs consume their food using


this process.
A. Chemosynthesis
A. THAT IS A CRAB.
B. Photosynthesis
B. THAT IS CRAB.
C. Cellular Respiration
C. THOSE IS A CRAB.
D. Eating
D. THIS IS CRAB.
1915. The upper sunlit layer of the ocean is
1910. begins at the shoreline and moves
called and extends to a depth of about
into the ocean at a gentle downward
:
slope.
A. the aphotic zone 100 meters
A. Continental Shelf
B. the photic zone 100 meters
B. Continental Slope
C. the absorption zone 1000 meters
C. Continental Edge
D. Continental Rise D. the scattering zone 100 meters

1911. How much time passes between a 1916. The percentage of total quantity of
spring tide and a neap tide? fresh water available in the liquid form, .
A. 12 hours A. 30
B. 24 hours B. 65
C. 2 weeks C. 71
D. 7 days D. 80
1912. Two types of ocean currents are 1917. A measure of the amount of dissolved
salts in a given amount of liquid
A. Sodium
B. Chlorine
C. Salinity
D. Sonar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 209

1918. Structures that allow echinoderms to 1924. What describes “ocean ridges” the
move, usually on the bottom surface best?

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A. chelipeds A. Where the continental shelf drops off
B. tube feet into the ocean

C. stomach foot B. Saltiest part of the ocean

D. cnidocytes C. underwater mountain with the tops ex-


posed above water
1919. The distance from one complete crest to D. Underwater system of mountains and
one complete trough volcanoes
A. wave height
1925. What are the large, circular patterns in
B. wavelength which wind moves?
C. crest
A. Trade winds
D. trough
B. Convection cells
1920. Select all the tide levels C. Doldrums
A. Flood Tide D. Convergence zones
B. Ebb Tide
1926. Which duo discovered and named plank-
C. slack water/tide ton?
D. Largest Tide A. Muller and Hensen
1921. Who was one of the first people to de- B. Muller and Nansen
scend in a bathysphere to observe deep- C. Nansen and Hensen
sea creatures that were still alive?
D. Nansen and Maury
A. James Cook
B. Matthew Maury 1927. Terrigenous sediments come from-

C. Charles Darwin A. Living creatures

D. William Beebe B. Continental rocks

1922. What is oceanography? 1928. #2 in the diagram represents

A. The scientific study of water found in


lakes
B. The scientific study of the oceans
C. The scientific study of the water cycle
D. none of above

1923. Colder event in climate pattern is


A. The boy A. transpiration
B. The girl B. condensation
C. The father C. precipitation
D. Mother D. evaporation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 210

1929. The current labeled 3 is called and it C. medium


is D. unknown

1933. What is letter H?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Gulf Stream; warm
B. Gulf Stream; cold A. Abyssal plain

C. Canary Current; cold B. Seamount

D. California Current; cold C. Continental slope


D. Continental rise
1930. Productivity in polar oceans is limited
primarily by 1934. What is the best way to map the ocean
A. temperature floor?

B. lack of nutrients A. using telescopes

C. numbers of organisms B. taking water samples


C. SONAR
D. availability of solar energy
D. none of above
1931. What ocean is on the West Coast of the
United States? 1935. What process causes dense, cold water
to sink and less dense, warmer water to
A. Arctic Ocean
rise?
B. Pacific Ocean
A. conduction
C. Atlantic Ocean
B. convection
D. Indian Ocean
C. radiation
E. Southern Ocean
D. currents
1932. Cool air has pressure.
1936. Large penguin populations CANNOT be
found in countries such as:

A. low
B. high A. New Zealand, Australia

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 211

B. Chile, Argentina 1942. The Leeuwin current is important for


C. Scotland, Iceland the:

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D. South Africa A. moving cold ocean water

1937. What is a big obstacle to taking mea- B. the generation of big waves
sures to prevent flooding of coastal cities
C. mixing of ocean waters
A. people are too lazy
D. migration of fish species
B. cities do not have the money to build
protection
1943. Ocean surface temperature mainly de-
C. sea level rise is a myth
pends on
D. none of above
A. The color of the water
1938. Use the following information
to identify the name of this cur- B. how deep the water is
rent:Ocean:PacificHemisphere:SouthernLocation:Western
C. how much sunlight the water gets
BasinFlows:From Equator towards
PolesTemp:WarmCharacter:Fast, Deep & D. none of above
Narrow
A. Kuroshio Current 1944. Which is most likely to be the energy
source for organisms living in hydrother-
B. Peru Current
mal vents?
C. South Equatorial Current
D. East Australian Current
1939. Which of the following organisms pulls
carbon from the atmosphere to make
food?
A. Dolphins
B. Sharks
C. Phytoplankton A. oxygen
D. Fish B. sunlight
1940. Water temperature would be an exam- C. methane or sulfur
ple of
D. carbon dioxide
A. A biotic factor
B. An abiotic factor
1945. Volcanic ash is considered to be which
1941. Clams and oysters have two-shells, so type of marine sediment?
they are what type of mollusk?
A. Biogenous
A. Gastropod
B. Cosmogenous
B. Cephalopods
C. Bivalve C. Lithogenous
D. Ctenophore D. Hydrogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 212

1946. How many high and low tides will most


coastlines of the world experience on most
days?
A. two high and two low
B. two high and three low
A. Alaska
C. four high and two low
B. Brazil
D. one high and one low

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Peru
E. most of the world’s coastlines don’t ex- D. South Equitorial
perience tides
1952. Who is considered the ‘Father of
1947. Why are surface currents at the surface Oceanography’?
of the ocean?
A. colder temperature
B. colder temperature & more salinity
C. warmer temperature & less salinty
D. less salinity

1948. coldest ocean region


A. horse latitudes
B. poles
C. equator
A. Charles Wyville Thompson
D. tropics
B. Matthew Maury
1949. Which process does NOT remove salt C. Charles Darwin
from ocean water?
D. James Cook
A. Accumulation of salt in dry, coastal re-
gions 1953. Surface currents are mainly caused by

B. Sea spray being carried inland by wind


C. Evaporation of water in subtropical re-
gions
D. Absorption by marine organisms

1950. In what hemisphere is the Indian Ocean


largely in?
A. Northern
A. The Coriolis Effect
B. Southern B. Cold and Warm Water
1951. What current is off the WEST coast of C. Convection
South America? D. Wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 213

1954. In continental-oceanic convergent


boundaries how are volcanoes created and
fed?

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A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. run off

1957. On this wave diagram, what is C?


A. Oceanic-continental convergent do not
form volcanoes
B. the inner core has channels to the vol-
canoes
C. the subducted plate melts and then the
magma comes back to surface.
D. the sun melts the rock inside the moun-
tain making it a volcano A. amplitude
B. crest
C. trough
Explanation:
D. wavelength

1958. Is the statement True or False? Ac-


as the plate is subducted it goes further cording to your textbook, overfishing af-
into the earth becoming hotter and hotter fects local ecosystems by creating imbal-
until it melts and then rises to the sur- ance that must result if you eliminate a
face forming or feeding our volcanoes at species from an environment.
convergent boundaries.
A. True
1955. Scientist also get information about B. False
from the ocean.
1959. Where on the ocean floor does subduc-
A. weather tion occur?
B. cows A. volcanic island
C. cars B. abyssal plain

D. trees C. Mid Ocean Ridge


D. trench
1956. Which stage does the #3 show in the
diagram? 1960. Why does warm air rise?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 214

C. Divergent boundary
D. Continental shelves

1966. Three characteristics of ocean water are


, , and
A. color, depth, and temperature.
A. Warm air is more dense than cooler B. temperature, salt content, and light.
air.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. color, temperature and light.
B. Warm air has more pressure than
D. depth, salt content, and light.
cooler air.
C. Warm air is less dense than cooler air. 1967. What is the purpose of the
TOPEX/Poseidon satellite?
D. Warm air has a higher dew point than
cooler air. A. to monitor global ocean circulation
B. to measure sea levels
1961. Water retains heat longer than land.
C. to discover hydrothermal vents
A. Yes
D. to test oceanographic sensors
B. No
1968. How does temperature affect the salin-
1962. Which of these are compositional layers
ity of seawater?
of the Earth?
A. Higher temperature increases salinity
A. Core
B. Higher temperature decreases salinity
B. Mantle
C. Temperature has no effect on salinity
C. Crust
D. none of above
D. All of these choices

1963. are tiny plants and animals that 1969. Marissa can float more easilyin ocean
float in the upper regions of the ocean. water than in swimming pool water. Why
is it easier for her to float in the ocean?
A. Plankton
A. ocean water is more dense
B. Seaweed
B. ocean water is deeper
C. Ocean Bark
C. there is a larger volume of ocean wa-
D. Krill ter to float in
1964. The thermocline and pycnocline occur D. she has a smaller mass in the ocean
water
A. near the equator 1970. Echinoderms that have thin and fragile
B. near the poles looking arms

1965. Massive pieces of land that are part of A. sea urchins


the Earth’s crust and upper mantle B. sea cucumbers
A. Tectonic plates C. sea stars
B. Trenches D. brittle stars

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 215

1971. What technology is used to map the 1976. Place a check next to the sources of
ocean floor? Earth’s water. Check ALL that apply.

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A. Sonar A. comets
B. A rope that measures depth B. meteorites
C. Nothing, the ocean is still unexplored C. cooling rock

D. none of above D. water in the mantle


1977. Identify the current labelled G in the fig-
1972. What does ppm stand for? ure.
A. particles potential measurement
B. post traumatic per million
C. parts per million
D. parts per mile

1973. Is C the continental shelf, slope, or rise? A. North Equatorial Current


B. North Pacific Current
C. Norwegian Current
D. South Equatorial Current
1978. Which explorer was not known in the
Age of the Discovery in Europe?
A. John Cabot
A. Continental shelf
B. Leif Eriksson
B. Continental slope
C. Basque da Gama
C. Continental rise
D. Ferdinand Magellan
D. none of above
1979. What is the definition for wave?
1974. What do you call an underwater moun- A. A disturbance, often caused by wind,
tain? seen on the surface of water
A. trench B. A disturbance, often caused by wind,
B. abyssal plain seen on the surface of water as a crest
C. seamount C. A disturbance, often caused by windm
seen on the surface as a tsunami
D. volcanic island
D. none of above
1975. Which continent is melting at an alarm- 1980. Plates slide past each other at
ing rate? boundaries.
A. Europe A. transform
B. Asia B. continental/continental convergent
C. Antarctica C. continental/oceanic convergent
D. South America D. divergent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 216

1981. At the mouth of a river, where fresh 1987. This area of the water column refers
water drains into the ocean, are com- where the temperature suddenly changes.
monly formed. A. Halocline
A. Tide Pools B. Thermocline
B. Estuaries C. Freezing Zone
C. Grottoes D. Chill Space
D. Surf Zones E. Convectocline

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1982. The regular rise and fall of the ocean’s
1988. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
surface influenced by the pull of gravity on
northern hemisphere moves
the earth
A. clockwise
A. Tides
B. counter clockwise
B. Waves
C. both
1983. True or False Southern hemisphere
D. neither
winds blow clockwise
A. true 1989. Estuaries like the Chesapeake Bay are
extremely important to protect because
B. false
they have high *Hint:Freshwater and
1984. Which of these is an impermeable sur- Saltwater animals live here
face?
A. Farmland
B. Lawn
C. Baseball field
D. Parking lot

1985. Which statement is true about the loca-


tion and temperature of surface currents?
A. Warm currents form at the equator
and cold currents form at the poles.
B. Warm currents form at the poles and
cold currents form at the equator.
C. All surface currents form at the equa- A. algal blooms
tor. B. salinity
D. All surface currents form at the poles. C. biological activity
1986. which faults have earthquakes? D. dissolved oxygen
A. Convergent 1990. Earthquakes occur
B. Transform A. only in the lithosphere
C. Divergent B. where stresses build up in the middle
D. All faults have Earthquakes of tectonic plate

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 217

C. in the lithosphere, asthenosphere and C. amount of time the wind blows


mesosphere

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D. only in continental crust
E. only in oceanic crust

1991. What process is driving magma to well


up at the mid-ocean ridges and pull the
crust down into the mantle?
D. none of above
A. Subduction Forces
B. Subduction Currents 1995. Downwelling brings down to the
deep ocean
C. Conduction Currents
A. hot water
D. Convection Currents
B. cold water
1992. Identify the acronym that applies:It is C. lukewarm water
developed for coastal monitoring and can
carry a variety of instruments up to 6, 000 D. ice
meters deep.
1996. When two plates converge, it has po-
A. AUV tential to create an oceanic trench. What
B. CTD is the proper name for the area where a
trench is one plate is pushed beneath an-
C. DSV
other plate?
D. REMUS
A. Zone of Subduction
E. UUV
B. Zone of Divergence
1993. Cold ocean currents generally come from C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Strike-Slip Zone
E. Zone of Shearing

1997. What is an example of Nonpoint Source


Water Pollution?
A. Runoff from city
A. The North Pole
B. Wastewater into a stream
B. The South Pole
C. Factory chemical leak
C. The Equator
D. Landfill
D. Either Pole
1998. Active margins have which type of
1994. What factor or factors affect the shelves?
amount of energy transferred from wind
A. broad
to the water (resulting in waves)? (multi-
ple correct answers possible) B. narrow
A. Speed of the wind C. both
B. distance the wind blows D. neither

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 218

1999. the variable in the experiment that re- 2005. The technology that was used after
main the same WWII that discovered mid-ocean ridges
A. dependent A. CVD
B. independent
B. Sonar
C. control
C. CVS
D. archaeology
D. Thermometer

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2000. As the Earth rotates, the part of the
Earth facing away from the sun has 2006. What is Oceanography?
A. daylight
A. Study of Water
B. darkness (night)
B. Study of Fish
C. summer
C. Study of Ocean
D. nice weather
D. Study of Coral Reefs
2001. Oil spills and a broken sewage pipe are Explanation:Oceanography is the study of
examples of pollution the physical, chemical, and biological fea-
A. Desalination tures of the ocean.
B. Non-Point Source
2007. Baleen whales have very long, hard
C. Point Source
teeth for straining small animals from the
D. NonRenewable ocean.
2002. One side effect of global warming is: A. True
A. ice sheets melting B. False
B. ocean currents being affected by more
freshwater being added to ocean 2008. What is the work of Biological Oceanog-
C. less salty ocean water raphers?

D. all of these A. Study Plants and Animals

2003. True or False:shorelines are constant B. Studies Chemicals present in Water


and do not change daily. C. Exploration of Ocean floors and Sea
A. True beds
B. False D. None of these
2004. Identify the Plankton:Small planktonic
2009. What is an important source of atmo-
mollusks with calcareous shells.
spheric oxygen?
A. Foraminifera
A. Algae
B. Pteropods
B. Fungi
C. Coccolithophores
D. Radiolarian C. Seaweed
E. Diatoms D. Nekton

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 219

2010. The current labeled 7 is called and it


is

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A. Convergent
B. Subduction Zone
A. Antarctic Circumpolar Current; cold C. Convection Current
B. Gulf stream; warm D. Transform
C. Peru current; warm 2015. Some ocean currents are caused by dif-
D. Peru current; cold ferences in the density of water from place
to place around the globe. What two fac-
2011. Move slowly in deep ocean waters tors cause differences in ocean water den-
A. gyres sity?
B. Density currents A. differences in water temperature and
wind
2012. Global Surface Temperatures and Sea B. differences in water temperature and
Level are rising. phases of the moon
A. False C. differences in the amount of dissolved
B. True salts and gravity
C. more information is needed D. differences in water temperature and
amount of dissolved salts
D. unknown
2016. was given publicity for the first Eu-
2013. A land feature that is produced at a con- ropean to find North America was the
vergent boundary is first true European to find North America.
A. Leaf Erikson; Christopher Columbus
B. Christopher Columbus; Leaf Erikson
2017. The ocean lacks diversity because the
ocean system is fairly stable.
A. True
B. False
A. a valley
2018. What is the boundary separating the
B. an ocean warmer surface water from the colder
C. a canyon deep ocean water?
D. a volcano A. Pycnocline
B. Thermocline
2014. Look at the arrows in the Lithosphere,
according to the plate movement, what C. Isocline
type of boundary is this? D. Incline

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 220

2019. Which of the following were peices of C. Tsunami


evidence used by Alfred Wegener to sup- D. High Tide
port his hypothesis of Continental Drift?
(choose ALL that apply) 2023. Based on the illustration, which of the
A. fit of the continents following statements describes the rela-
tionship between density and tempera-
B. matching rocks and mountains across ture?
continents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. matching fossils across continents
D. evidence of glaciers in places now too
warm
E. magnetic striping on the seafloor
showing seafloor spreading
A. Cold water is denser than warm water
2020. What is produced in primary productiv-
B. Warm water is denser than cold water
ity?
C. Warm and cold water equal densities
A. Carbon dioxide
D. The density of water is not affected by
B. Cold, blue light
temperature
C. Carbohydrates
D. Carbon atom 2024. What is the difference between the bi-
otic and abiotic factors?
2021. Characteristics of Southern ocean A. Biotic factors are living things and abi-
A. 37 ppt, 36, 161ft, consists of oceanic otic factors are nonliving things.
ridges, trenches, and long seamount B. Biotic factors are nonliving things and
chains, longest and deepest ocean, winds abiotic factors are living things.
east to west
C. There is no difference
B. 32-37 ppt, 23, 812ft, gets water from
Persian gulf and red sea, northeast winds D. none of above
in winter, north west winds south of equa- 2025. These are a series of waves that are
tor continually moving.
C. 23, 740ft, under 34 ppt, many ice- A. swells
bergs, arctic circumpolar current, wind
flows west to east B. wave train
D. 28-34 ppt, 17, 881ft, 1/3 of area un- C. wave height
derlain by continental shelf, polar climate, D. neap tide
beaufort high centered wind, icelandic low
centered wind 2026. What type of tide is being shown?

2022. Human activity, such as mining and


ground water usage has contributed to the
following ocean flood reason
A. Coastal Erosion
B. Sinking Land

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 221

A. low tide B. Pacific, Arctic, Southern, Mediter-


B. spring tide ranean, Atlantic ocean

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C. high tide C. Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern,
North ocean
D. neap tide
D. Pacific, Arctic, Southern, Black, Indian
2027. Sin ocean

A. 2029. Charted the Pacific ocean and located


Hawaii.
measures water content A. Captain Hook
B. Captain Cook
B.
C. Captain Magellan
monitors water quality D. Captain Drake
2030. Choose the correct option
C.

measures conductivity, temp, depth

A. Bearing Strait
B. Gulf of Mexico
D. C. Caribbean Sea
D. Labrador Sea
2031. An organism that drifts with the cur-
rents and is usually microscopic.
A. plankton
B. nekton
obtains water samples C. benthos
D. pelagic
2028. What are the 5 oceans?
2032. Which is the main effect that a high rate
of evaporation has in a given region of the
ocean?

A. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Arctic, South-


ern ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 222

A. decreased salinity 2037. Calcareous and siliceous oozes are


B. higher temperature A. terrigenous
C. lower temperature B. cosmogenous
D. increased salinity C. hydrogenous

2033. The zone is the place where the D. biogenous


ocean meets the land.
2038. Which of the following is not a green-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. intertidal house gas?
B. neritic A. Methane
C. oceanic B. Water Vapor
D. benthic C. Nitrous Oxide

2034. Who discovered SCUBA? D. Wind

A. Leif Erikson 2039. Boundary is where 2 plates push to-


B. Jacques Cousteau gether
C. Christopher Colombus A. transform
D. Nemo B. divergent
C. convergent
2035. Earth’s oceans are forced to move pri-
marily by what? D. none of above

2040. I use rulers, scales and calculators to


make these observations.

A. Wind
B. Fish
C. Boats
A. Qualitative data
D. Thunderstorms
B. Quantitative data
2036. The ocean floor:
2041. The largest ocean is the
A. is more explored than planet Earth
A. Southern Ocean
B. is a flat and even surface all over
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. doesn’t support life
C. Arctic Ocean
D. has mountains, plains, and ridges like
land D. Pacific Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 223

2042. What is the continental shelf? A. Continental Shelf


A. something to put books on B. Continental Slope

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B. underwater currents C. Continental Rise
C. underwater land along the edges of D. Abyss
the continents
2047. The type of oceanography that is con-
D. underwater land touching the ocean
cerned with types of living organisms in
floor
the ocean.
2043. I started a school for navigators and A. Geological
people who wanted to go out exploring.
B. Chemical
A. Columbus
C. Physical
B. Prince Henry
D. Biological
C. Polo
2048. How does the heat capacity of water af-
D. Magellan
fect sea ice changes throughout the year?
2044. The vertical distance from the crest of a A. The water’s temperature wouldn’t de-
wave to the trough. crease at a fast rate but at a slow rate.
A. wave height B. The water’s temperature would in-
B. crest crease at a fast rate.
C. trough 2049. Suggested their was a supercontinent
D. wavelength he labeled Pangea, surrounded by an
ocean he labeled Panthalassa. Proposed
2045. What does blubber help with? the Theory of Continental Drift.
A. Captain Roald Amundsen
B. Jacques Cousteau
C. Admiral Robert Peary
D. Alfred Wegener

2050. Who discovered the fountain of youth?


A. Insulation A. Ponce de Leon
B. Water storage B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Food storage C. James Cook
D. More to love:) D. Basque da Gama
2046. Choose the correct option 2051. What is the name of the deepest part of
the ocean?
A. Marianas Trench
B. Submarine Valley
C. The Dead Sea
D. This doesn’t exist yet

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 224

2052. Seamount is similiar to 2058. What are two examples of Anthozoan


A. a volcanic island Cnidaria?

B. a small mountain or volcano A. Box and Comb Jellies

C. The Great Plains B. Hydra and Comb Jellies


D. The Grand Canyon C. Cannonball and Moon Jellies
D. Coral and Sea Anemones
2053. A strong surface current that runs along

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the east coast of the United States and car- 2059. In general the Ocean Is in Chemical Equi-
ries warm water to Europe. librium and has been for millions of years.
A. California Current A. false
B. Global Conveyor Belt B. true
C. Gulf Stream
2060. True jellies belong to the class
D. Surface Current
A. Staurozoa
2054. About how much of Earth’s surface is B. Anthozoa
covered by land?
C. Cubozo
A. 30%
D. Scyphozoa
B. 50%
C. 60% 2061. Compare and contrast the boundaries of
the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean,
D. 70% highlighting any unique characteristics
2055. What is salinity? A. Both oceans have similar boundaries
A. amount of water in dissolved salts B. The Atlantic Ocean has no specific
B. amount of dissolved gases in water boundaries
C. amount of dissolved salts in water C. The Indian Ocean is entirely land-
locked
D. amount of water in dissolved gases
D. The Atlantic Ocean has more irregular
2056. The up and down movement of the coastlines compared to the Indian Ocean
ocean’s surface caused by wind-
2062. It takes 6 hours & 12.5 min for this lo-
A. current
cation to get from high tide to low tide.
B. tide What type of tides does this community
C. wave experience?
D. tide A. semidiurnal tides
B. mixed tides
2057. Small microscopic organisms that float
or drift in ocean water are called C. diurnal tides
A. Corals D. none of above
B. Plankton 2063. Sediments produced because of chemical
C. Vertebrates reactions in seawater are called
D. Dolphins A. hydrogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 225

B. lithogenous D. pig latitudes


C. cosmogenous 2069. A student was studying the ocean floor

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D. none of above topography and began to question how
pressure and temperature would differ at
2064. Headwaters usually all of the following each feature. What conclusions can she
EXCEPT draw about ocean floor features F and G?
A. are found near the mouth of the river
B. have the lowest order number
C. have no tributaries
D. typically shallow

2065. Which water has a higher density? A. Feature F is an ocean trench, while
Feature G is a continental shelf.
A. Salt water
B. Feature F is a continental shelf, while
B. Fresh water
Feature G is a deep ocean trench.
2066. This type of technology uses C. Feature F is an abyssal plain, while
sound/radio waves to detect depth and Feature G is a mid-ocean ridge.
features of the seafloor D. Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, while
A. Bathymetry Feature G is an abyssal plain.
B. Sonar 2070. The particles found in some sediment
C. ROV that suggests that an extraterrestrial im-
D. GPS pact event are
A. tektites
2067. Who was first to recognize south amer-
ica as a new continent? B. oozes
A. Vasco Nunez de Balboa C. clays
B. chales wilkes D. slit
C. vespucci 2071. Which zone is the top 200 meters of wa-
D. pacific islanders ter?
A. photic
2068. A belt of calms or light variable winds
and subsiding air located near the center of B. neritic
the subtropical high. Legend states when C. oceanic
water supplies ran low for sailors, animals D. benthic
were the first to be rationed water. Dy-
ing from thirst or tossed overboard, these E. aphotic
animals were sacrificed to conserve water 2072. Who made a map of the Earth based on
for the men. They were then thrown over- the inaccurate calculation of the Earth’s cir-
board. cumference? This map was the basis for
A. chicken latitutes all other maps for over a thousand years.
B. cow latitudes A. Cosmas
C. horse latitudes B. Eratosthenes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 226

C. Poseidon 2078. Why does magma tend to rise to the sur-


D. Ptolemy face?

2073. This is the study of Earth’s Ocean. A. It has large amounts of silica.

A. Oceanographer B. It contains very little silica.


B. Oceanology C. It is denser than the surrounding ma-
C. Oceanography terial.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Biology D. It is less dense than the surrounding
material.
2074. Shape and depth of ocean floor, volume
of water, and latitude all affect what?
2079. What process is illustrated by the ar-
A. tides rows labeled A in Figure 6-1?
B. waves
A. precipitation
C. currents
B. evaporation
D. continental drift
C. runoff
2075. Originally the Continental drift theory
was not well received by other scientist. D. infiltration
Why?
A. There was a competing theory at the 2080. Which point on the map has a colder cli-
time that was more believable. mate because of the proximity to an ocean
current?
B. There was no data showing the conti-
nents ever moved.
C. The scientists did not know the force
responsible for moving the continents.
D. The scientist presenting the data was
unreliable.
2076. Upper layer of water extending to
depth of 200 meters; in the photic or sunlit A. 1
zone
B. 2
A. neritic zone
B. hadalpelagic zone C. 3

C. mesopelagic zone D. 4
D. epipelagic zone
2081. Lithogenous sediment is mostly made of
2077. What is one condition that needs to be this mineral
met for a hurricane to form?
A. silicatious rock
A. Warm humid ocean water
B. limestone
B. A strong cold front
C. A strong warm front C. mica
D. Cold moist ocean water D. quartz

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 227

2082. What special ability do dolphins and A. Coriolis


toothed whales use to locate food and
B. Corona
“see” underwater?

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A. Echolocation C. Crawford
B. Lateral Line D. Continental
C. Electroreception
2087. The distance of water over which the
D. Ampullae of Lorenzini wind blows is known as a
2083. According to this bathymetric scan near A. fetch
the island of Cyprus, what is the bottom
feature indicated by the arrow? B. catch
C. gyre
D. upwelling

2088. Which term refers to the layer in which


salinity changes quickly?

A. Seamount A. Halocline
B. Continental Rise B. Patsicline
C. Guyot C. Thermocline
D. Continental Shelf D. Salinicline
2084. Which of the following happens when
water evaporates? 2089. Argo-Jason System:A robot (drone)
that exploredthe and helped with the
A. Dissolved salts in the water also evap- “BP oil spill”.
orate.
B. Table salt is harvested. A. Great Barrier Reef

C. Dissolved salts rise to the surface of B. Titanic


the water C. HMS Iceberg
D. Dissolved salts in the water are left be-
D. Diving Bell
hind.

2085. Which of these was discovered by the 2090. Vertical circulation in the ocean that
ancient Greeks? brings deep cold water to the surface
A. The Gulf Stream A. Upwelling
B. Circumference of Earth B. Density Current
C. The Northwest Passage
C. Upchuck
D. Wind & current patterns
D. Deep Current
2086. The deflection of moving objects from
a straight path due to Earth’s rotation is 2091. What resource is mined in large quanti-
called the effect. ties in the Virginia Piedmont region

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 228

2096. What is the water body J?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Strait
A. coal
B. Sea
B. At Kya
C. Ocean
C. ocean water D. Gulf
D. sulfur
2097. An element found in a salt molecule
2092. Boat of Jacques Cousteau; currently in A. Chlorine
restoration B. Sonar
A. HMS Beagle C. Sodium
B. Challenger D. Salinity
C. Calypso
2098. A glacier melts in the ocean and causes
D. Alvin salinity to
A. Increase
2093. Estuaries contain:
B. decrease
A. freshwater only
2099. T1-The plankton that are microscopic
B. salt water only
and plant like are called
C. part freshwater and part salt water
D. none of above

2094. Cold water is more or less dense than


warm water.
A. More
B. Less A. zooplankton
B. phytoplankton
2095. To conserve the planet, specifically the
C. minnows
ocean, would be an example of practicing
D. none of above
A. conversation
2100. What do waves and surface currents
B. stewardship
have in common?
C. fishing
A. They both curve clockwise due to
D. eutrophication Earth’s rotation.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 229

B. They are formed when the wind’s en- 2105. amazing vertical rock formations stand-
ergy is transferred to the ocean’s surface. ing in the sea that were formed entirely
by wind and water. The formation process

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


C. They are created when cold, salty wa-
usually begins when the sea creates cracks
ter sinks.
in the headland, causing them to later col-
D. They both influence the climate of lapse, and forming free-standing rocks.
coastal regions.

2101. What would be located from D to H

A. sea stacks
B. canyons
A. Trough C. sea walls
B. Wave Height D. barrier islands

C. Crest 2106. An internal wave might form


D. Wavelength A. at a density boundary within the ocean
B. only as a result of tidal activity
2102. A continuously flowing stream of water
within the ocean C. at the boundary between the ocean
and the seafloor
A. wave
D. none of above
B. current
2107. jet stream is
C. break
A. bands of strong winds from west to
D. river east
2103. A collection of organisms that make up B. bands of weak winds from west to east
a community as well as all of the nonliving
2108. To use water found in an aquifer people
aspects of the environment.
would
A. Population
B. Community
C. Habitat
D. Ecosystem

2104. True or False:wavelength is referring to


the vertical distance between trough and
crest of a wave.
A. True
B. False A. build a dam

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 230

B. drill a well to below the water table part of the ocean, which has less pressure
C. purify ocean water because there are fewer water molecules
above it and a higher temperature be-
D. none of above causethe sun cannot penetrate its deep
2109. In which year was tow cam completed? waters to warm it.
A. 2009 B. Feature F is a continental shelf, the
shallowest part of the ocean floor, while
B. 2021
Feature G is a deep ocean trench, the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 2002 deepest part of the ocean, which has more
D. 1999 pressure becausethere are more water
molecules above it and a lower tempera-
2110. What impact do currents have on water ture because the sun cannot penetrate its
temperatures in the US? deep waters to warm it.
A. The California current comes from the C. Feature F is an ocean trench, the shal-
poles, making East Coast beaches colder lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea-
B. The Gulf Stream comes from the trop- ture G is a continental shelf, the deep-
ics, making West Coast beaches warmer est part of the ocean, which has more
C. The California current comes from the pressure because there are more water
poles, making West Coast beaches colder molecules above it and a lower tempera-
ture because the sun cannot penetrate its
D. The Gulf Stream comes from the poles, deep waters to warm it.
making East Coast beaches warmer
D. Feature F is a continental shelf, the
2111. The United Nations Law of the Sea shallowest part of the ocean floor, while
Treaty established EEZs.What does EEZ Feature G is a deep ocean trench, the
stand for? deepest part of the ocean, which has less
A. Exclusive Environmental Zone pressure because there are fewer water
molecules above it and a higher tempera-
B. Exclusive Economic Zone
ture because the sun cannot penetrate its
C. Exclusive Oceanic Zone deep waters to warm it.
D. Extensive Economic Zone
2113. We can obtain the depth and shape of
2112. Use the diagram below to answer the the ocean bottom by a method called?
following question. A student was study- A. hearthing
ing the ocean floor and began to question
how pressure and temperature would dif- B. booming
fer at each feature. What conclusions can C. sounding
she make about the ocean floor features
D. nansonetting
at F and G?
2114. Which of the following sediments are
the rarest?
A. biogenous sediments
B. terrigenous sediments
A. Feature F is an ocean trench, the shal-
lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea- C. hydrogenous sediments
ture G is a continental shelf, the deepest D. cosmogenous sediments

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 231

2115. Water is a universal solvent because it 2120. Which of the following provides salt to
the ocean?

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A. It can be found anywhere A. the run off from rivers
B. It freezes when it gets cold B. precipitation
C. Floats when frozen
C. above ground volcanic eruptions
D. Dissolves more substances than any-
D. condensation
thing else
2116. What causes La Nina? 2121. A higher salinity leads to (a) density
A. cooling of water in the Atlantic Ocean A. a a greater
off the coast of South America
B. a lower
B. cooling water off the Atlantic coast of
C. no change in
the US
C. cooling water in the Pacific Ocean off D. none of above
the coast of South America
2122. The thickness of sediment on the ocean
D. warm water in the Pacific Ocean off floor is evidence for (a) .
the coast of South America
A. a Plate Tectonics
2117. As you go deeper in the ocean, the
decreases. B. Theory of Pangea
C. Continental Drift
D. none of above

2123. Known as the “Founder of Oceanogra-


phy”
A. water
A. Basque da Gama
B. salinity
B. William Beebe
C. temperature
C. Edward Forbes
D. water pressure
D. Robert Ballard
2118. Why does an ice shelf float?
A. it is more dense 2124. Which of the following statements is
B. it is less dense true about ocean water temperature and
depth?
C. the ice is melting faster than it can sink
A. As depth increases, temperature in-
D. vegetation is sinking below and caus-
creases.
ing it to float
B. As depth increases, temperature de-
2119. Another name for Mesosphere is creases.
A. Upper mantle
C. As depth increases, temperature de-
B. Lower mantle creases, then increases.
C. Middle mantle D. Temperature and depth are not related
D. none of above in ocean water.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 232

2125. What causes surface currents north and A. swell


south of the equator to move in different B. wind waves
directions?
C. surf
D. none of above

2130. The edge of the continent covered by


ocean water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Gases in the ocean A. continental margin
B. The rotation of the Earth B. deep-ocean basin
C. Temperature differences C. thermocline
D. Continental deflection D. deep zone
2126. The measurement of the amount of dis- 2131. Oceans on Earth have existed for half
solved salts in a given amount of liquid. as long as Earth has existed.
A. Sodium Chloride A. true
B. Salinity B. false
C. Bio-luminescence
2132. Biomass refers to
D. atoll
A. Chemical Energy
2127. Which is NOT a freshwater ecosystem? B. Light Energy
A. a river C. Rank in the feeding heirarchy
B. a lake D. Amount of living tissue in an ecosys-
C. an estuary tem
D. a stream 2133. Which hemisphere do the winds blow
clockwise?
2128. What is climate?
A. northern hemisphere
A. Temporary weather conditions
B. southern hemisphere
B. Small area weather conditions
C. Long-term weather conditions 2134. Mt. Everest is taller than Mauna Kea

D. Rapidly changing weather conditions A. True


B. False
2129. Waves that are moving faster than lo-
cal wind and are sorted out by wavelength C. That’s not even a real mountain
are called D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 233

2135. Where is most of the Earth’s freshwater 2138. The smallest daily tidal range occurs dur-
located? ing which type of tide?

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A. in the ocean A. spring tide
B. in icecaps and glaciers B. neap tide

C. in rivers and streams C. flood tide

D. in aquifers D. ebb tide

2139. Choose the correct option


2136. Who is the person credited with devel-
oping the theory of continental drift?

A. Trough
B. Crest
C. Wavelength
D. Wave Height

2140. Which of the following occurs at the con-


tinental margin in the Pacific Ocean?
A. volcanic activity

A. Harry Hess B. earthquakes

B. Galileo C. plate interactions


D. all of the above
C. Alfred Wegener
D. Newton 2141. How is the salinity of ocean water in-
creased?
2137. What object is in the picture and what A. by evaporation
is it used for?
B. by freezing
C. by melting of glaciers
D. by freezing and evaporation

2142. The thermocline


A. has rapid temperature drops
B. is above the mixed layer
A. an enclosed habitat for living and work- C. is indistinct from the rest of the ocean
ing underwater D. sinks due to an increase in salinity
B. a remote control camera
2143. What are the two most abundant ions
C. advanced scuba gear for diving longer in ocean water
D. a boat for hunting sharks A. sodium and chloride

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 234

B. potassium and chloride 2149. With respect to their marine environ-


ment, these organisms can be referred to
C. magnesium and chloride
as
D. none of above

2144. Identify the Plankton:Very small plank-


tonic alga carrying discs of calcium carbon-
ate.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Foraminifera
B. Pteropods
C. Coccolithophores A. benthos
D. Radiolarian B. heterotrophs
E. Diatoms C. nekton
D. plankton
2145. Which of the following can help prevent
beach starvation? E. predators
A. Beach replenishment 2150. Refer to the photo. “G” is a(an):
B. Lining a river with concrete
C. Damming a river
D. Disrupting longshore transport

2146. True or False-GPS stands for good posi-


tional status. A. Rift valley

A. True B. Trench

B. False C. Seamount
D. Subduction zone
2147. Thermal expansion of seawater and ice
caps melting can lead to 2151. Which of these are the deepest parts of
the oceans?
A. climate change
B. ocean currents speeding up
C. A decrease in algae blooms
D. global sea-level rise

2148. How are phytoplankton similar to small


trees?
A. Both are at the top of the food chain A. Continental Shelf
B. Both conduct photosynthesis B. Abyssal Plain
C. Both grow in soil C. Ocean Trench
D. Both are about the same size D. Continental Rise

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 235

2152. A current close to the bottom of the A. Continental Slope


ocean that is caused by differences in tem- B. Continental Rise
perature and salinity

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C. Continental Shelf
D. Seamount

2157. WHAT ARE THE WARM CURRENTS?


A. N. ATLANTIC, GULF STREAM,
KUROSHIO
B. N. EQUATORIAL, S. EQUATORIAL,
BRAZIL
C. BOTH A AND B
A. rip currents
B. surface currents D. NONE OF THE ABOVE

C. alternating current 2158. Which is NOT a disturbing force for


D. density current waves in the ocean?
A. wind
2153. Which of the following causes Earth’s
tectonic plates to move? B. Seismic disturbances
A. Energy from the Sun C. gravitational forces
B. Magnetic Pole Reversal D. earthquakes
C. Convection currents in the mantle 2159. Which gives higher high tides and lower
D. Faults in Mountain Ranges low tides?
2154. Ocean layering occurs because warm A. Spring tide
water sinks to the bottom, while cold wa- B. Neap tide
ter is found near the ocean’s surface.
2160. Along North America’s Pacific coast, the
A. true
is narrow.
B. false
A. trench
2155. A small underwater craft used for deep- B. abyssal plain
sea research
C. continental shelf
A. submersible
D. continental slope
B. sonar
C. salinity 2161. What percentage of water on Earth is
salt water?
D. zooplankton
2156. Choose the correct option

A. 1%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 236

B. 3% D. something that indicates that cooler


C. 70% conditions are coming

D. 97% E. a line that shows air pressure in hec-


topascals
2162. The dead sea surface salinity is:
2165. Which of the following has the cor-
A. 35 ppt rect oceanic and continental land forms to-
B. 1 ppt gether?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 100 ppt A. Valley-Continental Slope
D. 50 ppt B. Continental shelf-mountains
E. 330 ppt C. Mid-ocean ridge-trench
D. Volcano-Seamount

2166. French explorer who discovered the St.


Explanation: Lawrence Strait while searching for pre-
cious jewels.
A. Jacques Piccard
B. Basque da Gama
2163. When a meander from the Gulf Stream C. Jacques Cartier
pinches off and isolates a body of water
within the North Atlantic gyre, the body D. Sir Frances Drake
of water is called a 2167. What is salinity?
A. cyclonic circulation A. The total amount of dissolved solids in
B. warm core ring the water.
C. geostrophic circulation B. The total amount of dissolved gases in
the water
D. cold core ring
2168. Which of the following would character-
2164. What is an isobar?
ize a depositional coast?
A. headlands
B. sea cliffs
C. stacks
D. arches
E. barrier islands

2169. Plankton is
A. lines joining places of equal air pres-
sure.
B. lines that show areas of equal temper-
ature
C. lines that show areas of equal precipi-
tation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 237

A. the deepest part of the ocean D. The area where ocean tides are high-
B. tiny plants and animals that live in the est
upper sea area

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2174. The Phylum Chordata Class Agnatha in-
2170. Before a tsunami the coastal sea depth cludes that are parasitic and scav-
normally engers.

A. Rises suddenly A. Corals

B. falls suddenly B. Hagfish/Lamprey


C. Bony Fish
C. gets really hot
D. Sponges
D. fills with fish
2175. Greenwich, England is located at 47◦ N,
2171. An organism that gets energy from
0◦ . Accra, Ghana is located at 6◦ N, 0◦ .
breaking down dead organisms, non-living
What do they have in common?
material or waste is a(an)
A. They are both on the equator.
B. They are both on the prime meridian.
C. They are both on the international date
line.
D. They are both on the same Mercator
projection.

2176. Volcanoes occur at what type of plate


boundary listed below?
A. Transform
A. producer
B. Convergent (subduction)
B. consumer
C. Convergent (collision)
C. decoposer
D. none of the above
D. autotroph
2177. What is a small submarine called?
2172. This is the trapping of radiant heat by
gases in the atmosphere. A. aqualung
A. global warming B. seamount
B. pollution C. submarine
C. greenhouse effect D. submersible
D. none of the above 2178. T or F? Earth’s magnetic field is constant
2173. What is a continental margin? A. True

A. The area where the ocean meets the B. False


land 2179. Which features are not typically found
B. The area where the ocean is deepest on an erosional shore?
C. The area where ocean currents are A. Coral reefs, rocky cliffs, and sea
strongest stacks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 238

B. Tidal flats, lagoons, and tombolos


C. Mangrove forests, salt marshes, and
fjords
D. Sand dunes, barrier islands, and spits

2180. Which set of lines run north south but


measure east or west of the Prime Merid-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ian (+180 to-180 degrees)?

A. Massachusetts
B. Vermont
C. New Hampshire
D. Maine
A. longitude 2185. Trenches are formed in the ocean be-
B. latitude cause:
A. tectonic plates are pulling apart
2181. When does a land breeze occur? B. transform plate boundaries shift
A. night C. one tectonic plate is subducting under
another plate
B. morning
D. someone dug a deep ditch down there
C. day
2186. How much of the CO2 in the atmosphere
D. all of the above
will be absorbed by the oceans?
2182. Which of the following does NOT cause A. all of it
surface currents? B. 1/2
A. Global Wind Patterns C. 1/4
B. Differences in Density D. none of it

C. Continental Deflection 2187. Tides are caused by


D. The Coriolis Effect A. wind
B. density differences
2183. As you go from the continental shelf to C. the Moons gravity
the abyssal plain, the water temperature
gets D. salinity differences

A. warmer 2188. The asthenosphere is


B. colder A. the uppermost layer of the earth’s at-
mosphere
2184. What is the name of the starred feature B. the pelagic zone just beneath the com-
on this map? pensation depth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 239

C. the outer layer of the earth’s core 2193. What major city does the James River
D. a partially molten “mushy” zone in the run through?

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upper mantle A. Virginia Beach
E. the boundary between the crust and B. Roanoke
the mantle.
C. Fredericksburg
2189. Label A D. Richmond

2194. The process scientists use to solve prob-


lems and conduct experiments.
A. Scientific Method
A. continental slope B. Hypothesis
B. continental shelf C. Experiment
C. abyssal plain D. Observation
D. sea mount 2195. The event pictured at number 4, in the
2190. A cold current is when northern hemisphere, is the
A. Water flows from non polar latitudes
to the equator
B. Water flows from tropics to higher lat-
itudes
2191. What is Halocline
A. Increase of salinity with depth
A. summer solstice
B. Decrease of salinity with depth
B. winter solstice
C. Increase of Density with depth
C. autumnal equinox
D. Increase of Temperature with depth
D. vernal equinox
2192. Which type of mangrove is shown here?
2196. The factors that describe climate
are:Latitude, elevation, nearby water,
ocean currents, topography, vegetation,
and prevailing winds
A. true
B. false

2197. Climate is concerned with:


A. patterns of weather over an extended
period of time
A. Red mangrove B. the weather right now
B. Black mangrove C. the amount of greenhouse gas
C. White mangrove D. what the weather will be like tomor-
D. Buttonwood row

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 240

2198. Surface tension of water is the cohesive 2204. Define Tide


force between water molecule and other A. The movement of water caused by
molecule. wind
A. True B. The process of cleaning clothes using
B. False a washing machine

2199. (a) of plastic comes from land-based C. The change in temperature throughout
sources the day

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The rise and fall of the sea level caused
A. a 80%
by gravitational forces
B. 20%
2205. What is the most abundant ion in sea-
C. 25%
water?
D. 50%
A. Sodium
E. 15%
B. Chloride
2200. One tool that scientists have been using C. Magnesium
to study the ocean’s surface is , which
D. Calcium
can view large areas at a time
A. Scuba 2206. The Atlantic Ocean has a high level of
salinity due to
B. Research vessels
A. The high flow rate of rivers that empty
C. Drag nets into the Atlantic
D. Satellite technology B. High freezing of sea water
2201. An isolated flat-topped mountain is C. Seabed activity that releases many
known as a minerals
A. trench D. High wind speed on the surface of the
B. mid-ocean ridge Atlantic

C. abyssal plain E. Low evaporation due to low solar inso-


lation
D. guyot
2207. The ocean floor is made of a rock called
2202. Of all the following processes which one
increases the salinity of water?
A. Granite
A. evaporation
B. Conglomerate
B. precipitation
C. Andesite
C. iceberg melting
D. Basalt
D. runoff
2208. What is the term for the flattest part of
2203. Which unit is used to measure salinity? the ocean floor?
A. parts per thousand (ppt) A. Trench
B. degrees Celsius B. Abyssal plain
C. grams per cubic inch C. Continental slope
D. nanometers D. Continental shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 241

2209. What major ocean lies on Australia’s 2214. What is number 9


east coast?

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A. Pacific
B. Indian
C. Atlantic
D. Arctic

2210. What is a continental shelf? A. Seamount


B. Guyot
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. Island

2215. Upwelling is powered by


A. Flat part of continental margin covered A. Salinity
by shallow water
B. Coastal Wind
B. Steep boundary between continental
and oceanic crust C. Fish
C. Large flat area on ocean floor D. the Moon
D. Underwater volcanic mountain 2216. Which part of the ocean floor is located
at A?
2211. Which is true of oceanic plates in com-
parison to continental plates?
A. Oceanic plates tend to be much older
B. Oceanic plates tend to be much thicker
C. Oceanic plates are composed mostly
of the same type of material A. continental shelf
D. Oceanic plates are typically denser B. trench
C. continental slope
2212. What is Oceanography?
D. abyssal plain
A. The Study of the Ocean.
E. volcanic island
B. The Science of the Ocean.
C. Mapping the Ocean 2217. Name this moon phase
D. Graphing the Ocean

2213. These are volcanoes that have formed


in the ocean.
A. Guyots
B. Plateaus
C. Volcanic island arcs
D. Seamounts A. Waning Crescent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 242

B. Waxing Crescent C. Celsius


C. Waning Gibbous D. melting point
D. Waxing Gibbous
2223. This causes the ocean currents to move
2218. The is the flat ocean floor. in circular patterns.
A. continental shelf A. Coriolis Effect
B. continental slope B. Gyres

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. abyssal plain
C. Pelagic
D. seamount
D. Neritic
2219. Oceanic ridges and rises result from
seafloor spreading along 2224. Animal members of the plankton commu-
nity.
A. divergent plate boundaries
B. convergent plate boundaries
C. transform plate boundaries
D. convergent and divergent plate bound-
aries

2220. Gases dissolve better in which region?


A. Polar region A. Phytoplankton
B. Tropical region B. Meroplankton
C. Mid-latitude region C. Holoplankton
D. Equatorial region D. Zooplankton
2221. Which of the following is caused by dif-
2225. Salt-Marshes are temperate environ-
ferences in ocean water density?
ments.
A. surface currents
A. True
B. deep currents
B. False
C. waves
D. Coriolis effect 2226. This is released by the weathering of
rocks.
2222. The temperature at which a liquid
changes to a gas A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Phosphorus
D. Nitrogen

2227. Values 8-14 represent bases.


A. boiling point A. True
B. freezing point B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 243

2228. Letter “F” is a 2231. When the Moon is in its first quarter
and third quarter phases, the gravitational
forces of the Sun and the Moon pull at

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90 degree angles from one another. This
means that when the Moon is in its first
quarter and third quarter phases,

A. inclusion
B. intrusion
C. fault
A. high tides are at their lowest levels
D. unconformity B. high tides are experienced worldwide
at the same time
2229. When is Hurricane Season in the Atlantic
Ocean? C. low tides are experienced worldwide
at the same time
D. low tides are at their lowest levels
2232. Water is unique in that when in the solid
state it is in its least dense state compared
to a gas or liquid.
A. True
A. December 1st-July 4th B. False
B. March 21st-October 3rd 2233. Which is the continental shelf?
C. May 15th-September 1st
D. June 1st-November 30th

2230. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the


southern hemisphere moves

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
2234. valleys cut deep into the ocean floor
A. clockwise
A. trench
B. counter-clockwise B. abyssal plain
C. both C. seamounts
D. neither D. mid-ocean ridges

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 244

2235. At which type of plate boundary does


seafloor spreading occur?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Tranform A. amoebocyte
B. Convergent B. ostiocyte
C. Divergent C. pinacocyte
D. Subductive Zone D. choanocyte

2236. It is now well established that dolphins 2240. ROV stands for
use sounds in a complex language rivaling
that of humans in complexity.
A. True
B. False

2237. In the mid-twentieth century, oceanog-


raphers used what devices to map the A. remotely operated vehicle
ocean floor? B. remotely operated vesicle
A. Seismographs C. road operated vehicle
B. Convective current profilers D. remotely operation vehicle
C. Conductive detectors
2241. Huge plankton:jellyfish, salps and oth-
D. Echo sounders ers with sizes greater than 20cm.
2238. During Earth’s early history, how did A. Holoplankton
water vapor released through outgassing B. Macroplankton
contribute to the formation of the oceans?
C. Megaplankton
A. Led to the formation of the atmo- D. Meroplankton
sphere instead of the oceans
B. Caused the Earth’s surface to become 2242. Which statement is true about the car-
hotter and drier bon dioxide-oxygen cycle?

C. Contributed to the formation of the


moon instead of the oceans
D. Condensed and formed the oceans as
the Earth’s surface cooled

2239. cells have sticky, funnel-shaped collar


to collect food particles and a flagellum
that creates a water current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 245

A. animals breathe in nitrogen and re- 2247. What is overfishing?


lease oxygen which is used by plants
A. catching fish with drift nets

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B. animals breathe in oxygen and release
carbon dioxide which is used by plants B. catching more fish than can be natu-
rally replaced
C. animals breathe in nitrogen and re-
lease carbon dioxide which is used by C. catching fish that weigh under 10
plants pounds
D. animals breathe in carbon dioxide and D. fishing over the neritic zone
release oxygen which is used by plants
2248. depths beyond the nearshore region
2243. washes agricultural wastes, includ-
ing animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesti- A. backshore
cides, into bodies of water, causing algae B. foreshore
to grow.
C. nearshore
A. Runoff
B. Peak flow D. offshore
C. Groundwater 2249. What is the importance of the hydro-
D. Municipal sewage sphere for life on Earth?
2244. The is the highest point of a wave. A. The hydrosphere is important for life
A. current on Earth because it provides water and
regulates the climate.
B. crest
B. The hydrosphere is important for life
C. tides
on Earth because it provides food for or-
D. breaker ganisms.
2245. The outermost layer is the C. The hydrosphere is important for life
on Earth because it supports transporta-
tion and trade.
D. The hydrosphere is important for life
on Earth because it creates habitats for
marine life.

A. mantle 2250. What is the role of the moon and the


sun in the formation of tides and tide pat-
B. crust
terns?
C. inner core
A. The sun’s gravity has no effect on tides
D. outer core
B. The moon’s gravity causes both high
2246. Why can people float in the Dead Sea? and low tides
A. Very salty water is more dense
C. The moon’s gravity causes high tides
B. There is no salt in the water and the sun’s gravity causes low tides
C. Lowest point on Earth D. The moon’s gravity causes low tides
D. Very shallow and the sun’s gravity causes high tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 246

2251. Hurricane season goes from 1st to 2256. Ocean waves are known as orbital pro-
30th gressive waves, what does this mean?
A. June, October A. Ocean waves get taller as they move
B. April, September forward.
C. June, November B. The energy in the wave moves in a cir-
cular pattern as it moves up and down.
D. May, October
C. The energy in the wave moves up and
2252. What moves water through the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
down as it moves forward.
sponge?
D. The energy in the wave move in a cir-
A. Collar cell cular pattern as it move forward.
B. Flagella
2257. Coral reefs provide habitats for of
C. Porocyte marine inhabitants.
D. Amebocyte A. 30%
2253. Earth is about B. 50%
A. 6, 000 years old. C. 80%
B. 4.6 billion years old. D. 25%
C. 4.6 million years old. 2258. Hurricane Katrina, according to the Hur-
D. 400, 000 years old. ricanes article by Erin Ryan, claimed the
lives of 1, 833 people. What Category
2254. What is believed to be the driving force
given to this hurricane?
behind global warming?
A. Category 1
A. Increases in carbon dioxide emissions,
which traps the heat of the Earth close to B. Category 2
the surface, raising global temperatures C. Category 3
B. The heat radiating off Mr. Lilley’s bald D. Category 4
head when his friends do not invite him to
E. Category 5
El Ranchero
C. Dramatic increases in the tempera- 2259. Around 3200 BCE the Egyptians nav-
ture of ocean temperatures, heating the igated the Mediterranean Sea to what
lands country?
D. Too many people cooking Hot Pockets A. Syria
in their microwaves, because Hot Pockets B. Israel
are delicious
C. Greece
2255. Which instrument allows for detailed D. Phonecia
observations and sampling of the ocean
floor? 2260. Hawaii was formed by a
A. cameras A. Convergent Plate Boundary
B. echo sounders B. Divergent Plate Boundary
C. human-driven submersibles C. Hot Spot
D. drillships D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 247

2261. Deep ocean currents are mostly caused 2265. Transform boundary
by A. Ocean/continents slide past each

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A. The Coriolis Effect other resulting in frequent and massive
earthquakes(ex San Andreas Fault and
B. Tides
California.
C. Wind
B. 2 oceanic plates separate and magma
D. Differences in density in ocean water rises to the ocean floor resulting in earth-
quakes, mid ocean ridges, hydrothermal
2262. These ocean explorers and traders were vents, and ecosystems.
said to have an armada of ships 400 feet
long. C. 2 continental plates collide resulting in
earthquakes and folded mountains(ex Hi-
malayan mountains, Mount Everest, and
Nepal.
D. One oceanic plate collides with a con-
tinental plate or a oceanic plate result-
ing in earthquakes, deep sea trenches,
long chain of volcanoes or volcanic island
arc(ex Japan of Sumatra, Andes Moun-
A. The Portuguese tains.
B. The Spanish 2266. During a geography class, Erika asked
C. The Chinese Aubree, ‘What causes the tectonic plates
of Earth to move?’ Aubree replied
D. The British with four options:‘Energy from the Sun’,
‘Magnetic Pole Reversal’, ‘Convection cur-
2263. Which of the following correctly shows
rents in the mantle’, ‘Faults in Mountain
the chain of energy transfers that create
Ranges’. Which option did Aubree cor-
surface currents on the ocean?
rectly identify as the cause?
A. solar energy→wind energy→surface A. Energy from the Sun
currents
B. Magnetic Pole Reversal
B. wind energy→ solar energy→ sur-
face currents C. Convection currents in the mantle

C. tidal energy→ wind energy→surface D. Faults in Mountain Ranges


currents 2267. What is the principal source of dissolved
D. geothermal energy→ wind energy→surface substances in the oceans?
currents A. weathering
2264. What is the effect of salinity on the den- B. outgassing
sity of seawater? C. infiltration
A. It increases the density D. evaporation
B. It decreases the density
2268. In global air circulation patterns, air
C. It has no effect on the density tends to rise at and
D. none of above A. 0o

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 248

B. 30o 2273. Identify the current labelled N in the fig-


C. 60o ure.

D. 90o

2269. Approximately how long does it take


the moon to make one revolution around
Earth?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 365.25 days
A. Benguela Current
B. 24 hours
B. Brazil Current
C. 29 days
C. California Current
D. 84 years
D. Canary Current
2270. The steep cliffs and rugged coast of
much of the West Coast of the United 2274. An old bottle that can be used to trace
States are primarily the result of the pathway of currents in the ocean.
A. biological activity. A. Crab Pots
B. marine deposition. B. SCUBA
C. faulting and Earth movement. C. CTD Rosette
D. glacial erosion. D. Drift Bottle

2271. What is the name of a climate event that 2275. Who colonized Hawaii?
occurs every two to seven years in the Pa- A. Polynesians
cific Ocean.
B. Mediterranean Sailors
A. The girl
C. Captain Cook
B. The girl
D. Chinese
C. The Nino
D. The boy 2276. What is the major cause of ocean
waves?
2272. Identify the current labelled C in the fig-
A. wind
ure.
B. ocean salinity
C. Earth’s rotation
D. the Moon’s gravity

2277. Which of these is a harmful effect that


marine life has?
A. Benguela Current A. Coastal protection
B. Brazil Current B. medical advances
C. California Current C. Pier erosion
D. Canary Current D. new medicine

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 249

2278. Earth’s atmosphere became oxygen-rich 2283. Which minerals is ocean water mainly
about years ago comprised of?

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A. 2.0 of A. sodium and chloride
B. 2.45 a.m B. magnesium

C. 3.0 of C. carbon dioxide


D. fossil fuels
D. 3.45 a.m
2284. What is the speed of a wave that has a
2279. Which of the following is an autotroph? wavelength of 2 and a frequency of 2.5?
A. Zooplankton A. 2.5 m/s
B. Phytoplankton B. 5 m/s
C. hydrogenous C. 4.5 m/s
D. terrigenous D. 6 m/s

2280. What type of scientist studies oceans? 2285. What type of tides would this arrange-
ment of earth-moon-sun create?

A. neap tide
A. geologist B. spring tide
B. oceanographer C. new moon tide
C. meteorologist D. full moon tide
D. optometrist 2286. What type of symmetry do crustaceans
have?
2281. In general, surface currents that flow
A. Bilateral
from the tropics toward the poles carry
water. B. Radial
A. warm C. None

B. cold D. none of above

C. fresh 2287. a gently sloping, shallow area of the


ocean floor that extends outward form the
D. oxbow lake
edge of the continent
2282. T or F? Water forms a seven sided shape A. continental shelf
when it bonds to other water molecules B. continental slope
A. True C. abyssal plain
B. False D. mid-ocean ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 250

2288. Which of the following is a type of nek- 2293. Which of the following is responsible for
ton? the Earth’s tides?
A. shark A. The circulation of water in bays and es-
tuaries
B. bacteria
B. The thermohaline circulation of water
C. zooplankton
C. The wind speed and fetch of eater
D. sea star
D. The gravitational pull of the sun and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2289. Which pigments make green algae moon
green?
2294. Thermohaline currents are also called
A. carotenoids currents.
B. chlorophylls A. Deep Water
C. fucoxanthins B. Coriolis
D. phycobilins C. Saltwater

2290. As you descend deeper into the ocean, D. none of above


the water gets 2295. How much energy it takes to change the
A. warmer and pressure increases temperature
B. warmer and pressure decreases A. Heat capacity
C. colder and pressure decreases B. Salinity
D. colder and pressure increases C. Density
D. Thermal expansion
2291. The arrows in a food chain or web rep-
resents what? 2296. Usually plastic IS biodegradable (capa-
A. They point to the organism that is be- ble of decaying through the action of living
ing eaten. organisms).

B. It shows how sunlight flows within an A. True


ecosystem. B. False
C. They show what direction the energy 2297. Which of the following describes a
is flowing between organisms. seamount?
D. They represent how water is trans- A. ocean floor at the edge of a continental
ferred within a habitat. margin
2292. If you wanted to measure the den- B. underwater mountain range
sity/salinity of water, which would you C. sediment piled at the base of the con-
use? tinental slope
A. Secchi DISk D. underwater volcano that is more than
B. Hydrometer 1 km high

C. Sieve 2298. is an isolated underwater mountain.


D. Hydrophone A. mount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 251

B. ocean hilltop 2303. The Polynesians colonized about


C. seamount 500 years ago.

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A. Florida Keys
D. none of above
B. Hawaii
2299. Which of the following conditions will C. New Jersey
produce the largest waves?
D. New Zealand
A. weak, long duration winds in a large
fetch 2304. Chemosynthesis is a way for organisms
to produce energy in a place without
B. strong, long duration winds in a large
fetch A. water
C. weak, short duration winds in a small B. sunlight
fetch 2305. Birds on Christmas Island all live in the
D. none of above same habitat but they prey on fish of dif-
ferent sizes and feed in different places.
2300. What is C? Thus, each species occupies a distinct (dif-
ferent)
A. community
B. niche
C. resource
D. population
2306. Most of the ocean-life lives on the
A. Evaporation A. shelf
B. Condensation B. slope

C. Precipitation C. abyssal plain


D. trench
D. Runoff
2307. T or F? The rock farthest away from
2301. Global Solar Atlas https://globalsolaratlas.info/map?c=-
the mid-ocean ridge will record the newest
12.881866, -70.280443, 3&s=- magnetic field readings
18.926744, 40.933395&m=site Which
area receives the most sunlight? A. True

A. South Atlantic B. False

B. North Atlantic 2308. Which of the following watersheds is


the largest?
C. North Pacific
D. South Pacific

2302. True or False:Christopher Columbus dis-


covered the New World (North America)?
A. True
B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 252

A. Potomac Shenandoah Watershed 2314. The stream like movement of water is


B. Chesapeake Bay States A. Wave
C. Chesapeake Bay Watershed B. Ocean Current
D. Shenandoah Watershed C. Wave Frequency
D. Convection Current
2309. The measure of the force of air pressing
down on a surface. 2315. Which of these waters are the most
dense?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. water pressure
A. James River
B. buoyancy
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. density
C. The Lake in Newport News Park
D. air pressure
D. none of above
2310. Have the greatest tidal range; the high-
2316. Mature sediments are
est high tides and the lowest low tides.
A. well sorted
A. Spring tides
B. poorly sorted
B. Neap tides
C. coarse
C. Tide
D. rounded
D. Ocean
2317. is the introduction of chemical, phys-
2311. During what step of the water cycle ical, or biological agents into water that
does water vapor cool into liquid? degrade water quality and adversely af-
A. evaporation fect the organisms that depend on the wa-
ter.
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. precipitation

2312. Continental crust is predominantly com-


posed of igneous rock called
A. basalt
A. water pollution
B. granite
B. desalination
C. anorthosite
C. watershed
D. give away
D. potable
2313. The greater the amplitude, the the 2318. What is the deepest point in the ocean
energy. known as?
A. greater A. Challenger Deep
B. lesser B. Marianas Trench
C. unchanged C. Abyssal Plain
D. none of above D. Continental Shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 253

2319. During the land breeze, what starts C. benthos


moving the cooler air out and warmer air D. plankton
in?

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2325. Developed the law of universal gravita-
A. conduction
tion which explained the process that gov-
B. convection erned the tides
C. radiation
D. none of above

2320. To qualify as a hurricane, wind speeds


must reach at least
A. 74 mph
B. 82 mph
C. 100 mph A. Johannes Kepler
D. 50 mph B. Galileo Galilei
C. Edmund Halley
2321. Fish breathe using
D. Sir Isaac Newton
A. gills
2326. Which of the following is not a piece of
B. lungs
evidence that tectonics occurs?
C. antennae
A. Widespread identical fossils.
D. none of above
B. Evidence of meteorite impacts.
2322. This boundary is also called a colliding C. Glacial evidence found in arid/temperate
boundary. areas.
A. transform D. none of above
B. convergent 2327. Chlorinity?
C. divergent A. A measure of the content of chloride,
D. none of above bromine, and iodine ions in sea costant.
B. The mass per unit volume of a sub-
2323. Species living in the Intertidal Zone in-
stance
clude
C. The time necessary to makes a sub-
A. Sharks stance through the ocean
B. Whales D. A measure of the dissolved solids in
C. Sea Stars sea water
D. Jellyfish 2328. What phases does the moon have to be
in for a neap tide to occur?
2324. An aquatic animal lives at the bottom of
the lake, buried in the mud. What type of A. full moon and new moon
consumer organism is it? B. first and 3rd quarter moon
A. neuston C. 1st and full moon
B. nekton D. new moon and 1st

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 254

2329. How does the depth of the ocean affect 2334. The curving of air to the right in the
its temperature? Northern hemisphere is caused by and
A. Greater depth increases temperature is called the effect.
B. Greater depth decreases temperature
C. Depth has no effect on temperature
D. none of above
2330. Wind patterns, differences in water den-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sities, and changes in temperature act to-
gether to create-
A. currents
A. Earth’s rotation Coriolis
B. tides
B. Earth’s revolution Coriolis
C. waves
C. Earth’s rotation Doppler
D. surf
D. Earth’s revolution Doppler
2331. Identify the current labelled A in the fig-
ure. 2335. What is the normal pH of ocean water?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 8
D. 10

A. Current Needles 2336. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a


B. Alaska Current water molecule are held together by:
C. Antarctic Subpolar Current A. the two positive ions.
D. Antilles Current B. the two negative ions.

2332. Coasts that form as a result of land C. electron sharing.


processes; the ocean has not had time to D. hydrogen bonds.
modify the terrestrial features provided
by changes in sea level 2337. What happens to seawater visibility as
the ocean depth increases?
A. secondary coast
B. active coast A. Increases

C. passive coast B. Decreases


D. primary coast C. Stays the same

2333. “roundworms’”Ex. ribbon worms D. none of above

A. Annelids 2338. Density current brings to the surface


B. Platyhelminthes cold, deep seawater.
C. Nematodes A. True
D. Porifera B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 255

2339. What is continental slope? 2345. The rise and fall of the ocean’s surface
A. steep slope to basin floor level caused by the moon’s gravitational
pull is-

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B. abrupt change in slope at edge of shelf,
leading to rapid increase in depth A. currents
C. nearly flat land-border sloping gently B. waves
D. Submarine canyons
C. tides
2340. A flat area of the ocean floor, covered
D. surf
with sand, mud, and plant and animal re-
mains.
2346. What type of tide is occurring in the di-
A. continental shelf agram below?
B. continental slope
C. abyssal plain
D. mid-ocean ridges
2341. The dominant plant life in the salt marsh
is the
A. sea lettuce
B. cordgrass
C. mangrove tree
D. red algae
2342. What is sonar?
A. Spring
A. Ice Cream
B. Neap
B. Sound navigating and ranging
C. Korean Pop C. Rip Tide
D. Cellphones measuring distance D. Full Moon Tide
2343. Which of the following was NOT abun-
2347. The time it takes one full wave, one
dant in the early atmosphere
wave length, to pass a fixed position
A. Carbon dioxide
A. Wave Period
B. Oxygen
C. hydrogen B. Wavelength
D. Water vapor C. Wave Height
2344. The ocean layer of rapid temperature D. none of above
change with depth is known as the
A. trophic level 2348. of the oxygen on Earth is created in the
oceans
B. deep zone
C. mixed zone A. TRUE
D. themocline B. FALSE

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 256

2349. REVIEW QUESTION:Subduction zones D. Runoff


and ocean trenches for at which type of E. Icebergs melting
plate boundary?
2354. The higher the salt content in the ocean
A. convergent
the dense the water will be.
B. divergent
A. less
C. transform
B. more
D. none of these
C. nothing happens

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2350. A bar of sand or shingle joining an island D. none of above
to the mainland.
2355. The pressure that is exerted by water
is known as
A. Hydraulic pressure
B. hydrostatic pressure
C. pier pressure
A. bobbin
D. Jedimindtrick pressure
B. bar
C. spit 2356. Which ocean is located at the northern-
most part of the world map?
D. wave-cut platform
A. Atlantic Ocean
2351. What is the base unit of mass B. Arctic Ocean
A. gram C. Indian Ocean
B. pounds D. Southern Ocean
C. ounce
2357. What is a difference between spring and
D. newton neap tides?
2352. Refer to the photo. “B” is a(an):

A. Seamount
B. Guyot
C. Subduction zone A. Spring tides occurwhen the earth and
D. Rift Valley sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon.
B. Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd
2353. Which of the following will increase
or 1stquarter phases
ocean salinity:
C. Spring tides are LOWER than neap
A. Evaporation tides
B. Sea ice formation D. Spring tides occur in Spring and neap
C. Precipitation (Rain) tides can occur in any season

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 257

2358. The ocean tends to become more dense


with increasing depth: B.

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A. True measures water content
B. False
2359. What do scientists learn about from the C.
ocean?
unoccupied submarine (not attached)
A. cars
B. weather D.
C. music
monitors water quality
D. ice cream
2362. If you were standing on the tip of South
2360. What breaks down plastic into mi- America facing due South what ocean
croplastics? would you be seeing
A. The North Atlantic
B. The Southern Ocean
C. The Red Sea
D. The Black Ocean

2363. What is the dewpoint temperature at


this weather station model location?
A. The Wind
B. The Sun
C. Decomposers
D. Plankton
2361. Nansen bottle

A. 46o F
B. 96o F
C. 45o C
D. 45o F

2364. True or False:Temperature does NOT af-


A.
fect the animals that live in marine ecosys-
tems.
A. True
B. False

2365. This famous expedition traveled world


wide to study oceanography.
obtains water samples A. The Alvin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 258

B. The HMS Beagle 2371. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters
on shores.
C. The Challenger
A. Waves
D. The Nautilus
B. Tides
2366. What is the basic unit of length C. Coriolis Effect
A. foot D. Spring Tides
B. inches 2372. Which Ocean is the shallowest?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. meter A. antarctic
D. yards B. pacific
C. atlantic
2367. Which of the following techniques is
used to determine ocean bathymetry? D. arctic

A. Satellite imagery 2373. As shown on the diagram, the imaginary


vertical lines which are east and west of
B. Seismic profiling the prime meridian are called:
C. Echo sounding
D. Magnetic surveying

2368. a disturbance caused by energy moving


through a system in a cyclical pattern
A. Wave
B. Amplitude
C. Frequency
D. Speed A. latitude lines.
B. contour lines.
2369. The magnetic striping of the seafloor is
C. longitude lines.
considered evidence of seafloor spreading
and D. bathymetric lines.
A. subduction down the rift valleys. 2374. A chart that shows the depths of the
ocean is known as a
B. spreading centers in the trenches.
A. topographic map
C. changes in the Earth’s axis of rotation.
B. bathymetric map
D. periodic reversals in the polarity of the
C. profile map
Earth’s magnetic field.
D. Coordinate map
2370. The deepest point in the ocean is
2375. One high tide/one low tide per day is:
A. The Abyssal Trench
A. semidiurnal
B. The Marianas Trench B. mixed
C. Sealab 2020 C. diurnal
D. The Nordic Chasm D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 259

2376. Name the feature for E 2381. The Largest Ocean is ?


A. Pacific

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B. Atlantic
C. Indian
D. Arctic
A. volcanic island
2382. is what you call an area with TWO
B. volcanic arc HIGH and TWO LOW tides each day.
C. seamount A. Diurnal Tide
D. mid-ocean ridge B. Semi Diurnal Tide
C. Mixed Tide
2377. The sensors on the CTD are
D. Rip Tide
A. Temperature
B. Salinity 2383. These tides are the biggest difference
between high tide and low tide.
C. Depth
A. Spring tides
D. all are correct
B. Neap tides
2378. The process where rain soaks into the
C. Tide
ground
D. Ocean
A. transpiration
B. infiltration 2384. Which type of tide occurs in the Gulf of
Mexico?
C. evaporation
A. Semidiurnal
D. precipitation
B. Mixed Semidiurnal
2379. What does the ocean circulate? C. Diurnal
A. Heat D. none of above
B. Nutrients
2385. any disturbance that transfers energy
C. Organisms through matter or empty space
D. Gases A. Thermocline
E. Light B. Wave

2380. What two elements make the ocean C. Salinity


salty? D. Trough
A. Magnesium and chlorine
2386. Do you start and assignment without a
B. Chlorine and sodium teacher
C. Chlorine and iron A. Yes
D. Sodium and iron B. No

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 260

2387. Which of the following compounds B. The closer to the source, the rounder
serve as a buffer to maintain the pH of the shape, the farther from the source,
seawater? the sharper the edges.
A. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
2392. Which factor would increase the salinity
B. Nitrate (NO3) of the ocean?
C. Sodium carbonate (NaCO3) A. increase the amount of rainfall
D. Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
B. add water from a river or stream

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2388. why does the amount of water in C. increase evaporation
Earth’s oceans remain fairly constant
D. melt the glaciers near the poles
A. water cycle
B. precipitation or heavy rainfall 2393. Sand, Mud, and rocks that are found on
C. drought the ocean floor are called?

D. by conserving fresh water A. Jet Stream


B. Photosynthesis
2389. The average salinity of the world ocean
is closest to which of the following (o/oo C. Ocean Current
= Parts per Thousand):
D. Sediments
A. 3.4 o/yes
B. 21.5 or/yes 2394. In the southern hemisphere, the coriolis
effect causes wind to deflect to the
C. 34 or/yes
A. North
D. 96.5 o/yes
B. South
2390. Which body has the greater effect on
Earth’s tides? C. East
D. West

2395. Algae can survive on the seafloor only


in
A. polar areas
B. shallow areas
A. Sun
C. deep areas
B. Saturn
C. Moon D. high-density

D. Venus 2396. The current that flows away from the


shoreline and towards the ocean is a
2391. How does the shape of sediments
change as they are farther from their orig- A. longshore drift
inal source?
B. angled current
A. The closer to the source, the sharper
C. rip current
the edges, the farther from the source,
the rounder the shape. D. storm surge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 261

2397. What is the super continent theorized C. Marine mammals like seals and
by Alfred Wegener called? sealions

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A. Pandora D. Krill, small fish, copepods, and other
B. Pantera zooplankton

C. Pangea 2400. is the amount of dissoved solids


D. Paragon (mainly salts) present in ocean water.
A. saltation

Explanation: B. salinity
C. saliva
D. stalemate
Pangea is the name of the super continent
prior to plate tectonics moving the conti- 2401. What do you call a scientist who studies
nents to their current location the ocean for a living?
2398. A swordfish would be a type of A. an oceanographer
A. phytoplankton B. an oceanist
B. zooplankton C. an oceananthropist
C. benthos D. an oceanologist
D. nekton
2402. Ocean currents move:
2399. To feed, some whales use baleen to A. heat
strain small, mostly microscopic organisms
from the ocean. Baleen is strong and flex- B. nutrients
ible and made of a protein called keratin, C. animals
the same thing that makes up human fin-
gernails and hair. Rows of plate-like struc- D. all of the above
tures made of baleen hang down from the
2403. Which of the following is a form of pre-
whale’s upper jaw like curtains to strain or
cipitation?
filter ocean water for food. What do you
think baleen whales eat? A. snow
B. rain
C. hail
D. all of the above

2404. Which major ocean is found between the


continent of Africa and the Americas?
A. Pacific
A. Gulls, osprey, albatross, and other
B. Indian
seabirds
C. Atlantic
B. Large fish like swordfish, tuna, and
sharks D. Arctic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 262

2405. It takes 12 h & 25 min for this location 2410. James Cook was an explorer and an in-
to get from high tide to low tide. What ventor. He invented a that was NOT
type of tides does this community experi- affected by the motion of the sea.
ence?
A. compass
A. semidiurnal tides
B. clock
B. mixed semidiurnal tides
C. depth meter
C. diurnal tides
D. map

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. neap tides
2411. All areas of the ocean receive light from
2406. Plant roots are able to absorb water be- the sun.
cause of
A. true
A. evaporation
B. false
B. capillary action
C. surface tension 2412. What Zone is also known as
Hadalpelagic Zone?
D. universal solvent
A. Sunlight Zone
2407. The studies of oceans involve/ all B. The Trenches
aspects of the marine environments on
planet Earth C. The Midnight

A. learn D. none of above


B. hire 2413. Where did Vasco da Gama sail and what
C. give year?
D. include A. To India 1497
E. learn B. To Africa 1494
C. Australia 1436
2408. What drives most surface currents out
in the open ocean? D. To India 1588
A. Winds 2414. Select TWO causes of tsunamis:
B. Tides A. earthquakes
C. Changes in water density B. sharks
D. Rotation of the Earth
C. volcanoes
2409. This occurs when surface currents push D. coral atolls
away the surface water, allowing masses
of water from below to move upward. 2415. What causes surface currents?
A. Upwelling A. Earth
B. Gyre B. Wind
C. Tides C. Fire
D. Tsunamis D. Storms

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 263

2416. The study of life in the ocean 2420. This is the true ocean floor and is
A. biological oceanography the deepest part of the ocean (except
trenches). It is very flat, barren, dark cold.

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B. physical oceanography
C. chemical oceanography
D. geological oceanography

2417. What are tides caused by?


A. Seamount
B. Trench
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge

2421. Select the organisms that are residents


of the salt marsh, spending their life here
A. Doldrums year round.
B. Wind A. periwinkle snail
C. Coriolis effect B. red drum
D. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun C. fiddler crabs
D. ribbed mussel
2418. the up and down movement of water
E. white, brown, and pink shrimp

2422. Zone that is made up of the entire ocean


floor
A. Neritic
B. Photic
C. Aphotic
A. waves D. Benthic
B. salt 2423. Warm ocean currents develop in and
C. high tide flow towards , while cold currents are
formed in and flow towards
D. Southern Ocean
A. Warm regions, cool regions; cool re-
2419. Which statement is true about the gions, warm regions
Earth’s oceans?
B. Cool regions, warm regions; Warm re-
A. They have not changed over the last 4 gions, cool regions
billion years.
C. Cool regions, cool regions; warm re-
B. They are getting larger. gions, warm regions
C. They are getting smaller. D. Warm regions, warm regions; cool re-
D. They have changed over time. gions, cool regions

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 264

2424. What causes water vapor to move? 2428. Which type of water sinks to the bot-
tom of the ocean to form currents because
it is MORE DENSE?
A. Salt Water
B. Fresh Water

2429. What is the worlds ocean composed

NARAYAN CHANGDER
(made of)? (multiple correct answers pos-
A. wind sible)
B. snow A. dissolved salts
C. water
B. minerals
D. lava
C. gasses
2425. the rotation of the earth causes
D. water
A. coriolis effect
B. tides
C. earthquakes
D. none of above
2426. The study of the earth’s oceans.
A. geography
B. meteorology
C. astronomy
2430. What percentage of the ocean is taken
D. oceanography up by coral reefs?
2427. Which of the following bodies of wa- A. 10-12 percent
ter shown on the map would leave a salty
layer on your skin if you swam in it? B. 25 percent
C. less than one percent
D. more than fifty percent

2431. Natural processes that recycle nutrients


in various chemical forms from the nonliv-
ing environment to living organisms and
then back to the nonliving environment.
A. biogeochemical cycle
A. Baffin Bay
B. chemical cycle
B. Lake Winnipeg
C. Rio Grande River C. hierarchy
D. St. Lawrence Seaway D. entropy

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 265

2432. Which response best explains changing A. crocodiles


tides on Earth: B. sharks

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A. The Moon circles the Earth and creates
C. fish
a bulge as it sweeps around. The bulge is
high tide. D. amphibians
B. The Earth rotates and different re- 2436. Which of the following winds occurs
gions are pulled into the bulge created by when cool air blows from the ocean to the
the Moon’s gravitational pull. land?
C. The periodic earthquakes from the
A. Trade Winds
mid-ocean ridge send micro-tsunami
twice per day to coastlines around the B. Land Breeze
world. C. Sea Breeze
D. Powerful thunderstorms form twice a
D. Westerlies
day in the middle of the oceans, these
send powerful waves to coastlines. 2437. Identify the landform.
2433. The shrew provides energy for the

A. Sea arch
B. Bobbin
A. cricket
C. Sea Stack
B. grasshopper
D. Stump
C. frog
D. snake 2438. List the layers of the ocean from closest
to the surface to furthest from the surface:
2434. Estuaries are vital to the ecosystem be-
cause they have high amounts of- A. deep zone, surface zone, thermocline
A. dissolved oxygen B. thermocline, deep zone, surface zone
B. salinity C. surface zone, thermocline, deep zone
C. algae blooms D. surface zone, deep zone, thermocline
D. biological activity
2439. If you are on the beach, laying on a
2435. Who is the closest relative to the birds? beach towel and playing in the sand, you
are on the
A. continent
B. continental slope
C. abyssal plain
D. continental shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 266

2440. Vikings led by established tempo- 2444. Choose the correct option
rary colonies in North America.
A. Thor Heyerdahl
B. Erik the Red
C. James Cook
D. Leif Erikson

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2441. Temperature increases A. Echo Sounding
B. Current Meter
C. GPS
D. Hydrophone
E. Secchi Disk
2445. Which of the following is NOT a fresh-
water ecosystem?
A. Density increases A. lake

B. Density decreases B. pond


C. estuary
2442. The two primary sources for salinity D. stream
2446. Which of the following has a definite
pattern of variation with respect to lati-
tude?
A. salinity
B. density
C. pH
D. temperature
A. Chemical Weathering of rocks volcanic 2447. What is a highly contested idea in mod-
outgassing on the ocean floor ern scientific discussions?
B. Earthquakes and landslides A. When life on Earth began.
C. Fish overpopulation and rapid rain B. How life on Earth began.
D. none of above C. The Earth is a sphere.
D. All of the above.
2443. What plate boundary type is where we
find subduction zones? 2448. the edge of the continent covered by
ocean water
A. Transform
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Convergent B. Continental Margin
C. Divergent C. Ocean Trench
D. Pacific D. Deep-Ocean Basin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 267

2449. What is latitude? C. Ocean Crust Dynamics


A. A measure of the distance away from D. Ocean Crust Birth

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the prime meridian.
2454. Why is water considered to be a univer-
B. A measure of how warm a climate is. sal solvent?
C. A measure of an angle in Math class. A. It can be dissolved by almost any sub-
D. A measure of the distance away from stance.
the equator. B. It can dissolve the most things of any
natural substance.
2450. An organism that needs to eat other or-
ganisms is called C. It easily bonds to other elements dur-
ing chemical reactions.
A. decoposer
D. It can easily change to the three states
B. consumer
of matter.
C. producer
2455. Surface water average pH is
D. none of above
A. 8.1
2451. What is an ecological community?
B. 8.3
C. 8
D. 7

2456. A sediment that is distributed on the


slope, rise, and deep ocean floor is called:
A. Intertidal Sediment
A. two or more of the same species living
B. Neritic Sediment
in an area
C. Pelagic Sediment
B. all of the abiotic and biotic factors in
an area D. Abyssal Sediment
C. one single organism in an ecosystem 2457. As you go higher and higher in the tro-
D. all of the living parts of an ecosystem posphere the temperature
A. decreases
2452. As human population increases expo-
nentially what is likely to happen to the B. increases
amount of available freshwater? C. stays the same
A. It will increase D. none of above
B. It will decrease
2458. Tides occur in the oceans and seas due
C. It will stabilize to which among the following?1) Gravi-
D. It will increase then decrease tational force of the Sun2) Gravitational
force of the Moon3) Centrifugal force of
2453. This is what happens at the mid-ocean the EarthSelect the correct answer using
ridge where new oceanic crust is made the code given below.
A. Sea Floor Spreading A. 1 and 2 only
B. Sea Floor Explosion B. 2 and 3 only

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 268

C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

2459. Select the planetary body that has NO


influence on the tides.

A. A. amplitude

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. crest
C. trough
D. wavelength
B.
2463. Energy is passed between organisms in
an ocean
A. producers
C.
B. consumers
C. food chain
D. decomposers
D.
2464. Virginia experiences 2 high tides and 2
low tides a day.
2460. Which is an ocean hazard discussed in A. true
the notes? B. false
A. Hurricanes
2465. What causes waves?
B. Earthquakes
A. The gravitational pull of the moon
C. Volcanoes
B. The gravitational pull of the sun
D. Sharks C. Wind
E. The Megaladon D. Salinity
2461. Choose the correct option 2466. The USS Albatross was

A. Trough
B. Crest
C. Wavelength
A. Captain Cook’s flagship
D. Wave Height
B. The surviving ship of Magellan’s cir-
2462. On this wave diagram, what is A? cumnavigation the globe.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 269

C. The first vessel built specifically for 2471. What part of the ocean floor has a steep
marine research slope, as shown in the picture?

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D. The first vessel to chart the Atlantic A. continental slope
Gulf Stream current B. continental rise
2467. How many ocean zones are there? C. continental shelf
A. 3 D. continental plain

B. 4 2472. warmest ocean region


C. 5 A. westerlies
D. countless B. polar
C. poles
2468. Which of the following sediment types
( based on size) are among the most com- D. equator
mon in the ocean?
2473. The formation of new areas of oceanic
crust, which occurs through the upwelling
of magma at midocean ridges and its sub-
sequent outward movement on either side
is called
A. Subduction
B. Seafloor Spreading
A. Boulders and cobble C. Divergent boundary
B. Pebbles and sand D. Convergent boundary
C. Silt and Clay
2474. A density current (or deep ocean cur-
D. Boulders and clay rent) is the movement of ocean water that
E. Pebbles and silt occurs in depths too great to be affected by
surface winds.
2469. What process brings the deep cold ocean A. true
currents up to the surface?
B. false
A. Conduction
2475. Which current within a Northern Hemi-
B. Global Wind Patterns
sphere gyre would you expect to have the
C. Convection Currents lowest salinity and temperature?
D. Temperature and salinity A. a northern boundary current.
B. a southern boundary current.
2470. Deep valley in the continental slope and
shelf C. a eastern boundary current.
A. Seamounts D. a western boundary current.
B. Submarine Canyons 2476. neap
C. Volcanoes
A.
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 270

2481. What is the Continental Rise?


B.
A. The edge of the shelf descending to the
deep water of the ocean basin
2477. What are the positions of the Earth, Sun
B. The shallow part of the ocean floor that
and Moon during a spring tide?
is close to the edge of the continent
A. straight line
C. The gently sloping area made of sedi-
B. right angle ments collected at the bottom of the slope

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. acute angle
D. none of above
D. obtuse angle
2482. What is the only part of the ocean floor
2478. What is number 4 without tectonic activity?
A. continental slope
B. continental margin
C. seamount
D. abyssal plain

A. Submarine Canyon 2483. Who discovered the circumference of


the Earth?
B. Abyssal Plain
A. Europeans
C. Rift Valley
B. ancient greek mathematicians
D. Trench
C. pacific islanders
2479. What is likely NOT a source of water for D. middle eastern geologist
the early oceans on Earth?
2484. Choose the correct option
A. Comet impacts
B. Hurricanes
C. Meteorite impacts
D. Volcanic eruptions

2480. Tides alternate between high and low


tides. There is an average of four tide
changes each day. If a high tide occurs at
11:00 am on Tuesday, what time would A. Barents Sea
the next high tide occur? B. Black Sea
A. 11:00 pm on Tuesday C. Caspian Sea
B. 11:00 am on Wednesday D. North Sea
C. 5:00 on Tuesday
2485. The ocean is the largest ocean on
D. 11:00 pm on Wednesday Earth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 271

2491. Which deep sea sub explored Marianas


Trench in the early 1960s?

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A. Bathyscaphe Trieste
B. Alvin
C. Jason
A. Atlantic
D. Zoological Station
B. Indian
C. Arctic 2492. What is the main cause of tides?
D. Pacific
A. The gravitational pull of land on Earth
2486. keep salt levels fairly consistent in B. The magnetic pull from the poles
the ocean, with the exception of slight
haloclines. (Choose all that are correct) C. The gravitational pull of the moon
A. Tides D. The density differences of water
B. Currents
2493. Sound waves are which type of waves?
C. Temperatures
D. Gravitational pull A. transverse
B. seismic
2487. What is the flat land located on either
side of the mid-ocean ridge? C. longitudinal
A. continental slope D. frequency
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain 2494. Chemical aequilibrium?

D. ocean basin A. Sound navigation and ranging

2488. Cold water is MORE/LESS dense that B. Sound fixing and ranging
warmer water. C. Wending of light or sound waves as
A. More they move add in an angle other than as
rain hale and snow fall
B. Less
D. In sea water the condition in which the
2489. A substance has a low permeability
proportion and amounts of dissolved salt
when:
per unit volume of ocean are nearly con-
A. Water can flow through easily stant
B. Water CAN’T Flow through easily
2495. Which area below has the highest salin-
2490. High tides of a semidiurnal tidal pattern ity?
occur:
A. At the equator
A. twice in one 24 hour period
B. twice in one 12 hour period B. At the poles

C. once in one 24 hour period C. Near the tropic of Capricorn only


D. three times in one 24 hour period D. Mid latitudes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 272

2496. The ocean floor 2501. What is a continental shelf?


A. is always a flat bed of sand A. A steep slope leading to the ocean
floor
B. has mountains, plains, and ridges like
land surfaces B. A flat, shallow area near the shore

C. is covered by the same amount of wa- C. A deep trench in the ocean


ter everywhere D. A large underwater mountain range
D. covers less area than land 2502. The most common tidal pattern around

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the world are
2497. One distinction between “ocean” and
A. spring tides
“sea”
B. proxigean tides
A. seas contains shallower water
C. diurnal tides
B. seas are smaller than oceans
D. mixed tides
C. seas are composed of salt water
2503. Rift is similiar to
D. all of the above are correct
A. A hole
2498. A long underwater mountain chain is B. A divide
called a(n) C. A valley
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge D. A trench
B. Deep-Ocean Base 2504. What does circumnavigate mean?
C. Trench A. Discover new land
D. Continental Margin B. Sail around the world
C. Trade with another country
2499. Light does not reach the bottom of
the ocean, yet certain species live there. D. Build new tools
Which best explains how species on the 2505. Which characteristic of a cold-water up-
bottom of the ocean get energy to live? welling near the coast of Northern Califor-
A. Algae and bacteria produce energy nia results in a large concentration of ma-
through photosynthesis. rine organisms.
B. Hydrothermal vents produce energy A. loss of thermal stability
through chemical reactions. B. high nutrient concentration
C. Dead plants and animals produce en- C. consistent surface-current flow rate
ergy through decomposition. D. increased availability of dissolved oxy-
D. Light comes from the core of the earth. gen
2506. The density of hot water
2500. What is aquaculture
A. Is greater than the density of cold wa-
A. Fish farming ter
B. Harvesting fish B. Is less than the density of cold water
C. Eating of raw fish after farming C. The same as the density of cold water
D. none of above D. Depends on the volume of water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 273

2507. When we talk about “physical” beach and end up in offshore sand bars.
oceanography, we are talking about These “bites” are most evident in the form
of a very large and high

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A. marine flora and fauna and their inter-
actions with one another A. berm.
B. mapping of shipping routes and other B. shore face, or beach scarp.
economic uses of the ocean C. foreshore.
C. ocean life D. cusp.
D. the abiotic factors of the marine en- 2512. Tides are the daily rise and fall and
vironment that marine life and other as- changes in the level of ocean waters on
pects of planet Earth (such as climate) Earth. Tides occur all around the planet in
2508. Refer to the photo. The newest ocean all bodies of water but are mostly notice-
floor would be found at point: able in Earth’s oceans.
A. True
B. False
2513. A divergent boundary occurs when
plates
A. A A. Pull apart

B. D B. Come together
C. Slide past each other
C. G
D. subducting
D. E
2514. first real scientific voyage
2509. Which colonial organism depends on the
tide and moon phases to reproduce? A. Challenger

A. sea stars B. Ballard


C. Aquarius
B. mangroves
D. NOAA
C. coral
D. bowtruckles 2515. What is not a small scale ocean move-
ment?
2510. What organisms produce dense, organic- A. Waves
laden feces that sink to the ocean floor
and help to remove carbon form the atmo- B. Longshore currents
sphere? C. Rip currents
A. Lichens D. Tides
B. Zooplankton 2516. Which of the following best explains
C. Phytoplankton the cause of deep currents and surface cur-
rents?
D. Algae
A. Deep currents are caused mostly by
2511. The large waves of late summer modify differences in density while surface cur-
the shape of sandy beaches. Huge “bites” rents are caused mostly by wind at the
of beach are removed from the exposed surface

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 274

B. Deep currents are caused mostly by 2521. Which is used for chemical filtration in
the moon’s gravity while surface currents an aquarium set up?
are caused mostly by wind at the surface.
A. Synthetic Fiber
C. Deep currents are caused mostly by
differences in density while surface cur- B. Charcoal
rents are caused mostly by the Coriolis Ef-
fect.
2522. Abyssal plains are predominately cov-
D. Deep currents are caused mostly by ered by which type of sediment?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the moon’s gravity while surface currents
are caused mostly by the Coriolis Effect. A. Terrigenous
2517. What 2 factors can decrease the salinity B. Biogenous
of the water?
A. freezing and evaporation C. Cosmogenous
B. multing and precipitation, rivers D. Hydrogenous
C. freezing and rivers
D. the moon’s gravitational pull and pre- 2523. The Blue Whale is the largest animal
cipitation that has ever lived.
2518. How many main oceans are there on A. True
Earth?
B. False
A. 1
B. 3
2524. As a part of the water cycle, water from
C. 5
Earth’s surface enters the clouds and fi-
D. 7 nally falls back to the ground in the form
of rain. What is the correct sequence of
2519. What is a divergent plate boundary?
processes water undergoes?
A. where two plates are pulling apart
B. where two plates are coming together A. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
tion
C. where two plates are moving past one
another B. Precipitation, Condensation, Evapora-
D. a type of fine china tion

C. Condensation, Evaporation, Precipita-


Explanation: tion

D. Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensa-


2520. The Moon has a greater influence on tion
Earth tides than the Sun because
A. it is smaller than the Sun 2525. A group of phytoplankton that are
B. it revolves around the Earth reddish-brown and have armored plates of
cellulose. They can act like both animals
C. it is closer to the Earth and plants, an can move through the wa-
D. none of above ter. Most are bioluminescent and toxic.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 275

2529. A technology used by scientists in the


mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge.
Current used in most boat hulls today for

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


sea navigation and research.

A. bioluminescence
A. sonar
B. copepods
B. gps
C. diatoms C. radiation
D. dinoflagellates D. coriolis effect

2526. The intertidal zone is characterized by 2530. Which of the following can submersibles
which features? do?
A. an environment with a large diversity A. collect data about areas of the ocean
of living organisms that were previously unreachable by hu-
mans
B. An extreme environment with periods
of high and low water B. map the ocean surface from space
C. a zone of open water C. remain underwater for long periods of
time
D. a zone of deep water
D. both a and c
2527. What is the highest point on a wave 2531. Where do Cold Polar Easterlies gener-
called? ally blow from?
A. Crest A. From the equator towards the poles
B. Top B. From the poles towards the equator
C. Trough C. Along the equator
D. Coast D. In a circular pattern around the poles

2528. How do deep-ocean currents form? 2532. True or False? Deserts are found at 60◦
latitudes when the dry air sinks and cools.
A. They are formed by ocean tides.
A. True
B. They are formed by changes in water
B. False
temperature.
C. They are formed by changes in water 2533. All energy in a food web begins with
salinity.
D. They are formed by changes in Earth’s A. Carnivores
magnetic field. B. The Sun (light energy)

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 276

C. Herbivores A. 2 hours
D. Predators B. 6 hours
2534. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, C. 12 hours
A. Family D. 24 hours
B. Order
2540. Which ocean is located at number 2?
C. Genus

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Species

2535. What property of water allows it to dis-


solve most substances?
A. Waters three states of matter.
B. Polar properties of water.
C. Specific heat of water. A. Atlantic
D. All of the above.
B. Pacific
2536. An estuary is an area where- C. Arctic
A. there is only fresh water D. Indian
B. there is only salt water
E. Southern
C. pond water and river water mix
D. fresh water and salt water mix 2541. Thermohaline circulation is strongly in-
fluenced by the of seawater.
2537. Which ocean is the largest ocean in the
A. temperature
world?
A. Arctic Ocean. B. salt content

B. Atlantic Ocean. C. density of sea water


C. Indian Ocean. D. all of these are correct
D. Pacific Ocean.
2542. THIS IS THE MOST ABUNDANT FORM
E. Southern Ocean. OF PHYTOPLANKTON (MICROSCOPIC
LIFE).
2538. Distance from one point on a wave to
the same point on the next wave. A. DIATOMS
A. Amplitude B. ZOOPLANKTON
B. Wavelength C. DINOFLAGELLATES
C. Frequency D. GRYPHONS
D. Wave Speed
2543. River water pours into an ocean and
2539. If tides alternate from high to low and causes salinity to
there are two of each type of tide a day,
A. Increase
approximately how many hours will gen-
erally be between each different tide? B. decrease

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 277

2544. In the poles, water becomes denser be- 2549. The Valley and Ridge region has cav-
cause erns, sinkholes and underground streams.
These features are characteristic of

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Water evaporates A. igneous bedrock
B. Sea ice forms B. Karst topography
2545. Dark, but some fish live here C. ancient metamorphic rock
D. the Coastal Plains

2550. What is Ekman Transport?


A. The movement of water due to differ-
ences in salinity
B. The circular motion of gyres in the
ocean
A. Midnight Zone
C. The net motion of currents caused by
B. Twilight Zone wind and the Coriolis Effect
C. Shore D. The rapid change in ocean density at
D. Sunlight Zone certain depths
2546. The densest ocean water is generally 2551. Sea levels fall when glacial ice caps
found grow and
A. in the surface zone A. equilibrate when the ice caps melt
B. in the transition zone B. rise when the ice caps melt
C. in the deep zone C. neutralize when the ice caps melt
D. along the coast D. fall when the ice caps melt
2547. What is the group called that we com- 2552. What is this landform?
pare our experimental results to?
A. Normal Group
B. Control Group
C. Constant Group
D. Average Group
2548. The rarest type of sediments are
A. biogeous A. Arch
B. hydrogenous B. Cave
C. cosmogenous C. Headland
D. terrigenous D. Wave-cut Platform

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 278

2553. Which type of precipitation forms when 2558. Which ocean is this?
temperatures are so cold that water vapor
changes directly to a solid?
A. snow
B. sleet
C. rain
D. hail

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Arctic
2554. and affect the ocean’s density
B. Pacific
and cause the Global Conveyor Belt to
travel (we will learn about this later) C. Indian
A. gravity and the Coriolis Effect D. Atlantic
B. temperature and salinity 2559. Deeper water is
C. wind and climate A. warmer and denser
D. temperature and the Coriolis Effect B. colder and denser

2555. Who were the only people to do any C. warmer and less dense
major ocean exploration during the Middle D. colder and less dense
Ages?
A. The Celts 2560. cooler temperatures in the Pacific near
South America and along the equator
B. The Chinese
A. The boy
C. The Vikings
B. The girl
D. The Polynesians
2561. What force causes tides to happen on
2556. Which ocean has the most powerful cur- the earth?
rent?
A. The pull of the gravity from the moon
A. Indian Ocean on the earth
B. Atlantic Ocean B. People jumping up and down on the
C. Pacific Ocean surface of the earth

D. Arctic Ocean C. The sun orbiting around the earth


D. The animals in the ocean
2557. Isolated volcanic peaks on the ocean
floor are called 2562. Smaller bodies of salt water are called
A. seamounts A. seas
B. nodules B. lakes
C. ridges C. oceans
D. plateaus D. rivers

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 279

2563. The production of light by living crea- B. Continental Slopes


tures is known as C. Continental Rises

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A. Lightening D. Deep-Ocean Floor
B. Bioluminescence
2567. What is the best way to survive a
C. Photosynthesis tsunami?
D. Self Illumination A. float on debris
2564. Name the type of graph. B. get to higher ground
C. stay and watch and film this crazy
storm
D. climb a tree

2568. About how far away from each other


are the prime meridian and the interna-
tional date line?
A. 0◦
B. 23.5◦
C. 90◦

A. pie chart D. 180◦

B. tally chart 2569. Discuss techniques used to clean oil


C. pictograph spills. Why is it important to begin the
cleanup immediately?
D. bar graph
A. To allow the oil to naturally degrade
2565. What is the flat land located on either over time
side of the mid-ocean ridge? B. To minimize environmental impact and
prevent the oil from spreading further.
C. To create a new habitat for marine life
D. To increase the economic value of the
affected area

2570. Energy that uses heat that comes from


A. continental slope within the Earth is called what?

B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain
D. ocean basin

2566. In the distribution of average thickness


of sediments, the least average thickness
distribution happens at the:
A. Continental Shelves A. Geophysical

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 280

B. Geography 2575. Biological Oceanography is defined as?


C. Geothermal A. The study of buoyancy, temperature,
etc
D. Geographic
B. The study of the ocean floor
2571. The process by which autotrophs bind
C. The study of chemical composition in
light energy into the chemical bonds of
the ocean
food with the aid of chlorophyll and other
substances. The process uses carbon diox- D. The study of marine plants and animals

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ide and water as raw materials and yields
2576. The connection of surface currents and
glucose and oxygen.
deep currents forms currents.
A. photosynthesis
A. convection
B. oxygen cycle
B. circular
C. dissolved organic carbon
C. coriolis
D. carbon cycle
D. calculated
2572. Ocean basins are all connected by 1 2577. Organic molecules dissolved in water
global ocean?
A. dissolved organic carbon
A. True
B. dissolved organic nitrogen
B. False
2578. Based on definition, it is more appropri-
2573. What molecule is this? ate to consider which ocean as a sea?
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean

2579. The graphic shows us that for An-


thracite coal to form

A. calcium
B. hydrogen
C. helium
D. water

2574. What causes waves AND surface cur-


A. Peat is buried after lignite is formed
rents?
B. Lignite is buried before peat is formed
A. the wind
C. Lignite is subjected to heat and pres-
B. the rain
sure
C. the tides D. Peat moss must be spread on the top-
D. the moon soil

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 281

2580. Which of the following ideas should be 2585. This is where most of the ocean floor is.
considered in connection to the study of
A. Abyssopelagic
the ocean? Choose the best answer.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. biodiversity B. The Bottom
B. medicine C. Trenches
C. energy D. Godzillopelagic
D. astronomy E. Megalopelagic
E. all of the above
2586. Any movement of matter that results in
2581. What kind of daily tide pattern? differences in density; may be vertical, cir-
cular, or cyclical is called:
A. surface current
B. deep current
C. upwelling

A. mixed D. convection current


B. semidiurnal 2587. How much time passes between Spring
C. diurnal tides?
D. neap A. 30 days
2582. What is a consumer? B. 7 days
A. Organism that creates their own food. C. 14 days
B. Organism that eat other organisms for
D. 12 hours
energy
C. Organism that eat other dead organ- 2588. Refractometer
isms
D. none of above A.
2583. Which of the following in NOT an adap-
unoccupied submarine (not attached)
tation for withstanding wave shock?
A. Being tall
B.
B. Living in groups
C. Suction cup foots measures water content
D. Mussel Byssal Threads
C.
2584. The thermocline is an imaginary division
between differing areas of monitors water quality
A. temperature
B. salinity D.
C. density
D. porosity measure water transparency

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 282

2589. The water drop got bigger on the penny A. E


because of B. C
A. universal solvent C. B
B. cohesion D. A
C. capillary action E. G
D. condensation
2593. Who colonized Iceland and Greenland?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2590. The name of the first scientific expedi- A. Phoenicians
tion to explore the world’s oceans and sea
B. Polynesians
floor.
C. Greeks
A. Deep Sea Challenge
D. Vikings
B. The Challenger Expedition
C. HMS Beagle 2594. How does the ocean help neutralize acid-
ification?
D. none of above
A. Decomposition
2591. The picture below shows a geological B. Turbulence
landform on Earth. This landform is al-
C. Buffering
ways found along the shoreline of a body
of water. It is usually made up of loose D. Respiration by fish
particles, such as sand and rock.
2595. How do ocean currents contribute to the
movement of heat around the globe?
A. They transport heat from the equator
to the poles.
B. They transport heat from the poles to
the equator.
C. They have no role in heat distribution
on Earth.
D. They only impact regional weather pat-
terns.
A. a canyon 2596. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic are all
B. an ocean ridge examples of
C. a beach A. Eras
D. a fault line B. Eons
C. Period
2592. At which letter would you expect to find
islands forming? D. Months

2597. Select all that apply:Which sediment


will dominate the mid ocean ridge?
A. Terrigenous
B. Biogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 283

C. Hydrogenous 2603. What are the three main temperature


D. Volcanogenic layers in the ocean

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


E. Cosmogenic A. 1st, and, show
B. Surface Zone, Thermocline, Deep Zone
2598. what is responsible for tides
C. Warm Zone, Medium Zone, Cold Zone
A. Sun and moon pulling on earth
D. Top, Middle, Bottom
B. Mars and moon pulling on earth
2604. What Zone is 4, 000-6, 000 meters be-
C. Ocean
low sea level?
D. none of above
A. Sunlight
2599. Which best describes the Gulf Stream? B. Midnight
A. a warm air mass that brings strong C. Abyssal
thunderstorms
D. none of above
B. a body of cold water in the Atlantic
Ocean 2605. How does the salinity of the ocean af-
fect its density?
C. a warm ocean current that influences
weather along the east coast of the U.S. A. Higher salinity decreases density
D. none of above B. Higher salinity increases density
C. Salinity has no effect on density
2600. Winds are caused by
D. none of above
A. Differences in pressure, high moves to
low 2606. Which statement BEST describes why
B. Differences in pressure, low moves to warm ocean currents are usually surface
high currents?
C. Differences in humidity, high moves to A. Warm water is less dense than cold
low water.
D. Differences in humidity, low moves to B. Ocean tides bring warm water to the
high surface.
C. Warm water contains more salt than
2601. Layer of ocean where there is a rapid
cold water.
change of temperature with depth
D. Ocean water loses heat to the air at
A. Seamounts
the surface.
B. Pycnocline
2607. a piece of equipment that accurately
C. Thermocline
measures the salinity and water temper-
D. Upwelling ature at different depths.

2602. In general, the restoring force for most A. Multibeam Sonar


wind-generated waves is B. CTD
A. gravity C. Buoy
B. seismic activity D. Sail frone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 284

2608. the term referring to the size and shape 2613. Name the moon phase
of sediment particles is
A. fabric
B. composition
C. provenance
D. angularity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. texture

2609. What is the Coriolis Effect?


A. As Earth rotates and spins on its axis,
Earth slips off its axis and burps. A. waning crescent

B. As Earth rotates and spins on its axis, B. waxing crescent


night and day appear. C. waning gibbous
C. As Earth rotates and spins on its axis, D. waxing gibbous
hurricanes and tornados occur.
D. As Earth rotates and spins on its axis, 2614. the deepest zone of the ocean, below a
the paths of the winds and currents curve. depth of 5000 meters
A. talk zone
2610. The distribution of carbon and oxygen in
the ocean is influenced by: B. abyssal zone

A. Ocean currents C. oceanic zone

B. Plate tectonics D. littoral zone

C. The carbon cycle 2615. the flow of water from land caused by
D. All of the above precipitation
A. salinity
2611. Which animals can tell when an earth-
quake is about to happen? B. dissolution
A. Spiders C. run off
B. Snakes D. solvent
C. Cats 2616. Surface currents flowing away from the
D. Elephants equator carry:
A. warm water
2612. What level of beaufort scale is Calm,
Smoke rises vertically. B. cool water
A. calm C. upwelling water
B. light air D. less salty water
C. light breeze
2617. What happens when the area in which
D. gentle breeze you live tilts away from the sun?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 285

2621. By keeping accurate time on a moving


ship the allowed sailors to figure out
their

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Clock, Longitude
B. Clock, Latitude
C. Chronometer, Longitude
A. It is summer. D. Chronometer, Latitude
B. It is spring. 2622. What historical region was associated
C. It is winter. with the Seven Seas?

D. It is fall. A. Caribbean
B. Mediterranean
2618. Who calculated the circumference of the C. Baltic
earth?
D. Adriatic
A. Ptolemy
2623. is the area between high and low
B. Eratosthenes
tide.
C. Arab traders
D. Aristotle

2619. This Chinese invention used the Earth’s


magnetic poles to help explores find their
cardinal directions.

A. Continental Shelf
B. Intertidal Zone
C. Continental Break
D. Continental Rise
2624. What is the main cause of ocean waves?
A. Gravitational pull of the moon
A. Compass B. Differences in density
B. Compass Rose C. The wind
C. Astrolabe D. Storms
D. Quadrant 2625. Which will heat up slower?
2620. Which is an abiotic factor in the ocean?
A. sea cucumbers
B. fish
C. shrimp
D. Sunlight

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 286

A. water 2631. A movement of ocean water that fol-


B. lead lows a regular pattern is called a/an:
A. Coriolis Effect
C. granite
B. continental deflection
D. iron
C. ocean current
2626. What percent of the Earth’s water is D. global winds
salt water in the oceans?
2632. Most of the world’s water (97%), is

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 75% found in
B. 86%
C. 92%
D. 97%

2627. The Ekman spiral is caused by


A. density differences in the water col-
umn
B. the wind & gravity A. the atmosphere
C. pressure gradients B. the ground
D. the wind and the Coriolis effect, fric- C. the world’s oceans
tion D. freshwater rivers and lakes

2628. The relationship between tubeworms 2633. What is missing:carbon dioxide + water
and chemosynthetic bacteria can best be + yields glucose + sulfuric acid.
described as symbiotic? A. ATP
A. True B. sunlight
B. False C. hydrogen sulfide
D. sulfur dioxide
2629. What is an abyssal plain?
A. A smooth, flat area on the ocean 2634. Which of the following do deep ocean
currents NOT help move?
B. Mountains that reach the ocean sur-
A. Heat
face
B. Nutrients
C. Gently sloping, shallow area
C. Oxygen
D. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean floor
drops down an incline D. None of the above
2635. Which factor is the main cause of
2630. Where does chemosynthesis occur?
waves?
A. In plants A. earthquakes
B. In animals B. the Coriolis effect
C. At the bottom of the ocean C. the wind
D. In the sky D. the moon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 287

2636. This zone extends from low-tide area 2641. Which of these is formed at a subduction
out over the continental shelf. zone?

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A. Open-Ocean Zone A. abyssal plain
B. Intertidal Zone B. mid ocean ridge
C. Neretic Zone C. trench

D. Zone Defense D. continental shelf

2642. Which sea is off the coast of New


2637. These are the flattest features in the
Zealand and Australia?
ocean.
A. Philippine Sea
A. Seamounts
B. Coral Sea
B. Abyssal Plains
C. Sea of Japan
C. Trenches
D. Tasman Sea
D. Continental Shelf
2643. The amount of energy that is necessary
2638. What Letter E represent to raise the temperature of one gram of
water by one degree Celsius is the defini-
tion of
A. calorie
B. latent heat of condensation
C. latent heat of elevation
A. Seamount D. latent heat of evaporation
B. Trench
2644. The water column where pressure
C. Underwater mountain would be the least would be
D. Volcano A. hadalpelagic
B. mesopelagic
2639. The flat floor of the ocean is called the
C. epipelagic
A. mid-ocean ridge
D. none of these
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain 2645. What structure is the deepest part of
the ocean?
D. continental margin
A. Abyssal plain
2640. Select all that apply:which factors inter- B. Continental slope
act to create currents that are 50m deep. C. Continental shelf
A. wind D. Trench
B. friction
2646. A tide occurs when the sun, Earth,
C. temperature and the moon are in a straight line.
D. Coriolis effect A. spring
E. salinity B. high

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 288

C. low 2652. Which ocean ecosystem is dominated by


D. neap fast growing sea weed?
A. Mangrove Forest
2647. Which of the following currents brings
B. Salt Marsh
cold water from the north polar region and
is a part of the North Atlantic Gyre? C. Kelp Forest
A. Kuroshio D. Coral Reef
B. Gulf Stream 2653. What adaptations do marine organisms

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Canary Current have that allow them to live in seawater?
A. Salt glands for excreting excess salt
D. Peru Current
B. Legs for walking on land
2648. What are 2 impacts of ocean acidifica- C. Gills for extracting oxygen from the air
tion
D. Lungs for breathing underwater
A. Marine organisims dying
2654. Isostatic Equilibrium causes the to
B. Temperature of the water increasing
float
C. Decrease in temperature
A. Ducks
D. Organisms surviving
B. Boats
2649. What is the salinity of ocean water? (in C. Lithosphere
parts per thousand) D. Outer core
A. About 35 PPT (Parts per thousand)
2655. What is a substance, primarily made of
B. About 25 PPT (Parts per thousand) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, that
C. About 30 PPT (Parts per thousand) helps plants grow?
D. About 40 PPT (Parts per thousand) A. Fertilizer
E. About 45 PPT (Parts per thousand) B. Pesticide
C. Pollution
2650. Why was Wegener’s theory not ac-
D. Sediment
cepted?
A. He had no proof of how they were mov- 2656. What can we best infer from the fact
ing that some places have fossils of marine re-
mains?
B. He had no evidence
C. He was married
D. He was not a Scientist

2651. Submarine canyons are


A. cut into the shelf and may extend al-
most to the shore.
B. steep-walled and narrow.
C. cut into firm rock.
D. all of these. A. they are all coastal regions

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 289

B. those places where once underwater 2662. The factors that affect surface currents
C. Marine animals once lived on land are

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A. salinity, temperature, and turbidity
D. the fossils were moved there by peo-
ple B. wind, salinity, turbidity
C. wind, salinity, temperature
2657. Surface currents are caused by-
D. wind, Coriolis Effect, continental barri-
A. wind
ers
B. temperature
2663. An organism that produces its own food
C. salinity supply a(an)
D. pressure A. heterotroph
2658. What gas makes up most of our atmo- B. consumer
sphere. C. detrivorous
A. Nitrogen D. autotroph
B. Oxygen
2664. A transitional area with brackish water
C. Carbon dioxide best describes
D. Argon A. An estuary

2659. What can cause a tsunami? B. A hydrothermal vent

A. Landslide C. A deep sea trench

B. Underwater earthquake D. A divergent boundary

C. Volcanic eruption 2665. Calcium carbonate is most likely to dis-


solve in water with which characteristics?
D. All of the above
A. Low pressure and warmer tempera-
2660. What factor can decrease the salinity of tures
ocean water?
B. Low carbon dioxide and warmer tem-
A. evaporation from the surface of the peratures
ocean
C. Lots of carbon dioxide and colder tem-
B. the freezing of ocean water peratures
C. increased condensation to form clouds D. Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer
temperatures
D. being at the mouth of a river
E. Low pressure and colder tempera-
2661. When dealing with latitude, which one tures
of these has a definite pattern of varia-
tion? 2666. This part of a scientific name tells us
what about the classification of the organ-
A. density
ism. (HINT:look at how the word is for-
B. pH matted) Felis
C. salinity A. genus and species
D. temperature B. genus Only

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 290

C. species Only 2671. Which of the following contains calcium


carbonate (CaCO3)?
D. Kingdom Only
A. Diatoms
2667. Howdo ocean currents effect the climate B. Foraminiferans
of the land they pass by?
C. Glauconite
A. Warm It
D. Radiolarians
B. Cool It
E. Phosphorites

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Warm and Cool It
2672. This famous scientist mapped the
D. No Effect seafloor, called the father of Oceanogra-
phy
2668. Light supply in the bathypelagic comes
from the A. Aristotle
A. sun B. Lt. Charles Wilkes

B. bioluminescent creatures C. Edward Forbes

C. Volcanoes D. Edward Wegner

D. trenches 2673. The halocline is the zone of the ocean


where changes rapidly with a corre-
2669. All of the following are processes in the sponding change in depth.
water cycle except: A. Density
A. Evaporation B. Temperature
B. Condensation C. Salinity
C. Infiltration D. Visibility
D. Surface Tension 2674. The deepest part of the ocean is the
2670. Below is quartz. What is the origin of A. The name is Chile Trench
the sediment this will make? B. Puerto Rican Trench
C. Marianas Trench
D. none of above

2675. Which number is pointing to the conti-


nental slope?

A. Lithogenous
B. Biogenous
C. Hydrogenous
D. Cosmogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 291

A. 1 2680. What are a circular system of currents


B. 2 in the Earth’s major oceans?

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C. 3
D. 4

2676. Electronic or spring-tripped water col-


lecting bottles are used to measurecore
sampleswater at any depthwater clarity-
surface water samples
A. core samples A. ocean current
B. water at any depth B. gyre
C. water clarity C. upwelling
D. surface water samples D. conveyor belt

2677. A steep incline of the ocean floor lead- 2681. The artic ocean has a large amount of
ing down from the edge of the continental A. sodium
shelf
B. sea ice
A. Continental Rise
2682. What causes the ocean currents?
B. Continental Shelf
A. Wind blowing on the water’s surface
C. Continental Slope
of a body of water
D. Trench
B. Wind patterns and the differences in
2678. Which is not an ocean? water due primarily to temperature differ-
ences and density.
2683. The first recorded circumnavigation of
Africa was made by the
A. Phoenicians
B. Greeks
C. Chinese
A. Pacific D. Polynesians
B. Atlantic 2684. Salinity is the concentration of
C. road cancer A. dissolved solids
D. Arctic B. biomass
2679. What is the freezing temperature of wa- C. carbon dioxide
ter? D. algae
A. 29 2685. If I add weight to a boat, then the boat
B. 100 will
C. 0 A. Rise
D. 5 B. Sink

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 292

2686. Number 5 on the diagram represents 2691. Which of the following is not a source
what ocean floor feature? of deep water in the ocean?
A. Subtropical convergences
B. Northern subpolar latitudes
C. Arctic convergence
D. Antarctic convergence

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mid-Oceanic Ridge 2692. What causes a “dead zone”?
B. Seamount A. overfishing
C. Trench B. pollution
D. Guyot C. predators
2687. the part of the ocean where the con- D. algal blooms
tinental shelf gradually slopes seaward;
2693. which of the following dominates the
sunlight can penetrate to the bottom of
earth’s surface?
this zone
A. oceanography A. air

B. intertidal zone B. water


C. oceanic zone C. land
D. neritic zone D. humans

2688. Thermohaline circulation distributes 2694. The greenhouse gas carbon dioxide
which of the following? helps to
A. heat A. deflect harmful radiation from space
B. nutrients B. increase precipitation in arid areas
C. organisms C. form clouds in the atmosphere
D. all of the above D. maintain warmth near Earth’s surface
2689. The oceanic lithosphere is generated at 2695. The temperature at which a liquid
divergent plate boundaries, whereas conti- changes into a solid
nental lithosphere is generated at conver-
gent plate boundaries
A. True
B. False
2690. Approximately how much of Earth’s sur-
face is covered by water?
A. 50 percent A. boiling point
B. 30 percent B. freezing point
C. 70 percent C. Celsius
D. 40 percent D. melting point

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 293

2696. Plate being subducted B. Surface currents are caused by tem-


perature differences whereas deep cur-
rents are caused by changes in salinity.

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C. Surface currents are caused by wind
whereas deep currents are caused by dif-
ferences in density.
A. 7 D. Surface currents are caused by
B. 8 changes in salinity whereas deep currents
are caused by changes in temperature.
C. 10
D. 11 2700. What is the name of a satellite used to
monitor sea surface height?
2697. hydrothermal vents are populate with
A. DSV Alvin
A. prokaryotic organisms B. HMS Challenger
B. fungi C. OSTM/Jason-2
C. rent a car D. RMS Titanic
D. plateau
2701. what is a gyre?
2698. Why is free oxygen important to life on
Earth? A. large rotation of ocean currents
A. necessary for photosynthesis B. large spherical movements of tides
B. reduces atmospheric temperature and waves

C. was very abundant in our early atmo- C. the collision of a typhoon


sphere D. ocean currents
D. can form ozone and block radiation
2702. On this map of the ocean floor extend-
2699. The diagram above illustrates that two ing from North America on the left to Eu-
types of currents are found in ocean wa- rope on the right, what name would be
ters. Which is the best explanation for given to feature D?
why oceans have two different types of
currents?

A. European continental slope


B. North American continental shelf
C. North American continental slope
D. European continental shelf
A. Surface currents are caused by differ-
ences in density whereas deep currents 2703. Which part of a water molecule has a
are caused by wind. Negative Charge?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 294

A. Guyots
B. Seamounts
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Hydrothermal Vents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2707. Which ocean current is pictured here?
A. The Hydrogen It is a warm current that moderates the
weather in London.
B. The Oxygen
C. The Left
D. The Right

2704. In the northern hemisphere, gyres ro-


tate

A. South Equatorial Current


B. California Current
C. East Australian Current
D. Gulf Stream
2708. Horizontal distance between wave
A. clockwise crests is the
B. counter clockwise A. wave height
B. wave length
2705. Which number represents the Pacific
C. frequency
Ocean?
D. trough
2709. What percentage of Earths species live
in the water?
A. 25
B. 55
C. 75
A. 7
D. 95
B. 2
2710. How long did it take for the Titanic to
C. 4 sink?
D. 9 A. around 2 hours
B. around 2 days
2706. Volcanic mountains that may extend
above the water to form islands like that C. around 2 weeks
of Hawaii. D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 295

2711. Which of the following is true about 2716. Which letter corresponds to the wave-
how the impact of increasing temperatures length?
on the oceans?

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A. The ocean will become less acidic
B. The sea level will rise
C. Tropical Storms will be weaker
A. A
D. Coral Reefs will grow
B. B
2712. A submerged area that rims the land, be- C. C
ginning at the shoreline and gently sloping
D. D
down.
A. continental slope 2717. In the southern hemisphere, the direc-
tion of Ekman transport is always
B. continental shelf
A. to the right of the wind direction
C. trench
B. to the left of the wind direction
D. rift
C. to the left of the wind direction
2713. Composed mostly of granite. D. parallel to the wind direction
A. outer core
2718. Turbidity currents are caused by earth-
B. mantle quakes, where rivers dump into the ocean,
C. oceanic crust and other tectonic events.
D. continental crust A. True
B. False
2714. The water rushing back out to the ocean
is called the 2719. What skill are mantis shrimp well
known for?
A. camouflage
B. toxicity
C. fast swimming
D. strong punching pincers
A. wave 2720. The diagram shows part of an aquatic
B. undertow food web for a stable lake ecosystem in
Connecticut. What is the source of energy
2715. What are some of the major threats to for the algae?
the hydrosphere?
A. oil spills
B. pollution, overfishing, habitat destruc-
tion, climate change, water scarcity
C. acid rain
D. deforestation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 296

A. waves 2725. Deep Ocean currents are PRIMARILY a


B. sunlight result of

C. bacteria A. Global Wind Patterns

D. rotifers, water fleas and tadpoles B. Earth’s Rotation


C. Density
2721. The movement of deep, cold, and
nutrient-rich water to the surface D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Upwelling 2726. a long, narrow underwater depression
B. Downwelling
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Current
B. Continental Margin
D. Tide
C. Ocean Trench
2722. Which ocean is the smallest? D. Deep-Ocean Basin

2727. A large stream of moving water that


flows through the ocean is a

A. Atlantic
B. Arctic
C. Pacific
A. current
D. Indian
B. climate
E. Southern
2728. Which data collection stations have high
2723. Clouds formed when water vapor in ris- Chlorophyll values?
ing cooling air condenses.
A. North Pacific
A. Convection clouds
B. North Atlantic
B. Mountain clouds
C. South Atlantic
C. Fog
D. Frontal clouds D. South Pacific

2724. Which of the following is the location 2729. What do waves carry from place to
where new ocean floor forms? place?
A. mid-ocean ridge A. Energy, but not matter or particles
B. trench B. Energy and matter or particles
C. continental shelf C. Matter or particles but not energy
D. continental rise D. Neither energy nor matter or particles

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 297

2730. Besides Hydrogen and Oxygen which 2735. Tides are created by the pull of the
other two elements are found in an abun- Sun’s and Moon’s gravity. What area of
dance in the oceans? oceanography does this fall under?

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A. Magnesium and Iron A. Marine
B. Calcium and Sulfur B. Geological
C. Chlorine and Potassium C. Chemical
D. Sodium and Chlorine D. Physical

2731. Which of these states is NOT a part of 2736. What affects the density of water?
the Chesapeake Bay Watershed? A. Salt
A. Virginia B. Temperature
B. Maryland C. The seasons of the year
C. Tennessee D. Both A and B
D. Pennsylvania 2737. Rip currents move large amounts of sed-
2732. Which was the 1st oceanographic expe- iment along the shore.
dition to circumnavigate the globe? A. True
B. False

2738. The bulges that occur in the Earth’s


oceans are called

A. U.S. Exploring Expedition


B. HMS Challenger A. low waters
C. HMS Beagle B. low tides
D. Meteor Expedition C. high tides
2733. Which pigments make red algae red? D. big dips
A. carotenoids 2739. Which of the following phenomena de-
B. chlorophylls scribe how ocean water around the world
gets mixed, balancing climate and carrying
C. fucoxanthins
nutrients across the oceans, due to differ-
D. phycobilins ences in temperature and salinity?
2734. True or False? Tropical cyclones form A. Downwelling
where the Ferrel and Polar cells meet. B. Thermocline
A. True C. Thermohaline Circulation
B. False D. Upwelling

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 298

2740. The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem. B. Sea of Okhotsk


A. Abiotic factors C. South China Sea
B. Biotic factors D. Tasman Sea

2741. Why are coral reefs among the most di- E. Yellow Sea
verse ecosystems on Earth? 2746. What is the name of the Human Oper-
A. They are made or different corals ated Vehicle that explored hydrothermal
vents?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Plants and animals live in the cracks
and crevice of the coral reefs. A. Ron
C. They are present in all different parts B. Jason
of the seas. C. Alvin
D. They form limestone islands. D. Jack
2742. tide levels 2747. Hawaii is an example of
A. high waters A. A hotspot
B. low water B. a plate boundary
C. high tide C. A subduction zone
D. low tide D. A mid-ocean ridge
2743. What has 10 tentacles, is very aggres- 2748. This Cavern is an example of Karst to-
sive, and can change color? pography. As such it is most likely located
A. octopus in what Physiographic Province of Virginia

B. squid
C. jellyfish
D. turtle

2744. What percent of Earth is water?


A. 71%
B. 50%
C. 25%
A. Piedmont
D. 89%
B. Coastal Plain
2745. Choose the correct option C. Valley and Ridge
D. Blue Ridge
2749. TIDE
A. A particular discipline dealing with
measurable or systematic principles
rather than intuition or natural ability.
B. The periodic change of the sea level.
A. Sea of Japan C. Something unexplainable

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 299

D. A building where professional duties


are performed.

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E. An established organization, which
dedicated to education, public service, or
the care of the destitute.
B.
2750. What did Ben Franklin observe off the
East Coast of the United States?
A. Dolphins
B. Whales
C. Algae
D. The Gulf Stream Current

2751. The chart below represents an experi-


mental set up used by students in an Earth
Science class to determine how the salin-
ity and density of water are related. Af-
ter each colored solution was created, stu- C.
dents carefully poured them into a glass
and observed the solutions. Based on
what you know about the relationship be-
tween salinity and density, predict the or-
der of the solutions in the glass.

D.

A.
2752. A satellite can be used to determine the
shape of the ocean floor.
A. True
B. False

2753. FeatureF is right at the edge of the con-

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 300

tinent. 2756. As the temperature of seawater (de-


creases, increases), it’s density (de-
creases, increases).
A. decreases, increases
B. increases, increases
C. decreases, decreases
A. volcanic island
D. increases, decreases

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. continental shelf
C. continental slope 2757. Characteristics of passive continental
margins include which of the following?
D. abyssal plain
A. Broad continental shelves
2754. What letter best points out the location B. Thin sediment accumulation
where the spill volume was approximately
4.6 million gallons due to an oil tanker C. Volcanic and earthquake activity
catching fire in 1990? D. Deep-sea trenches

2758. The lowest point of a wave


A. crest
B. trough
C. amplitude
D. wavelength
A. Letter A
B. Letter B 2759. If we use less plastic, plastic producers
will
C. Letter C
A. produce more plastic
D. Letter D
B. produce less plastic
E. Letter E
C. change plastic with different material
2755. At which point would a scientist be least D. keep producing the same amount of
likely to find plant life? plastic

2760. True or FalseWarm pool migrates east-


ward in an El Niño?
A. True
B. False

2761. What is the world most usable water?


A. V A. Glacier and Ice
B. W B. Lake and Rivers
C. X C. Aquifers
D. Y D. Streams and ponds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 301

2762. Which of these are the deepest parts of B. 50%, 70%


the ocean? C. 10%, 90%

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A. Continental shelves D. 100%, 100%
B. Continental slopes
2768. What is number 7
C. Ocean trenches
D. Abyssal plains

2763. On this wave diagram, what is B?

A. Seamount
B. Guyot
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. Island
A. amplitude
B. crest 2769. The lower part of the thermosphere is
called the
C. trough
A. Exosphere
D. wavelength
B. Ionosphere
2764. Which area of the ocean is more fertile? C. Ozonosphere
A. coast D. Thermosphere
B. open sea
2770. What is number 1
2765. Waves move water.
A. True
B. False

2766. What Features are found on erosional


shorelines?
A. Sand dunes, coral reefs, and lagoons A. Cont. Shelf
B. Tidal flats, salt marshes, and sand B. Cont. Slope
spits C. Cont. Rise
C. Sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, and sea D. Shelf Break
caves
D. Mangrove forests, estuaries, and bar- 2771. What energy sources drives the water
rier islands cycle?
A. chemical
2767. The neritic zone is less than of the
ocean’s area, but contains of all ocean B. mechanical
life. C. solar
A. 90%, 10% D. wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 302

2772. The phase of the moon that occurs be- 2776. An area of land that is drained by a river
tween the sun and Earth or other body of water best describes
A. Full moon A. Reservoir
B. Waxing crescent B. Watershed
C. Waning Crescent C. Estuary
D. New Moon D. Bay

2777. The process of gathering information be-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2773. Mark statements which correctly de-
fore an experiment
scribe upwellings. Check all that apply.
A. Analysis
A. They are rich in nutrients
B. Hypothesis
B. They originate from deep waters
C. Purpose
C. They move horizontally
D. Research
D. They are typically warm in tempera-
ture 2778. TRUE or FALSE? The conversion of lava
into sedimentary rock by pressure or by
2774. This is the steep hill that connects the the introduction of a mineral cement is
shelf to the true ocean floor. called Lithification.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

2779. The El Nino is caused by


A. cold water off the Atlantic coast of
A. Submarine Canyon South America

B. Continental Slope B. warm water in the Pacific off the coast


of South America
C. Hydrothermal Vent
C. warm water in the Pacific off the coast
D. Abyssal Plain of Mexico

2775. What famous person also made a decent D. cold water in the Pacific off the coast
to the deepest part of the ocean? of Mexico

2780. Several thousand of years ago people


began to venture from their coastlines in

A. Gas powered boats


B. Sailboats
C. Rafts
A. Jacques Cousteau D. Canoes
B. Matthew Maury
2781. Which of the following greatly con-
C. Jack Trieste tribute to high tides?
D. James Cameron A. earth’s gravitational pull on moon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 303

B. sun’s gravitational pull on moon 2786. If water is evaporated from the water
C. sun’s gravitational pull on earth column, then the salinity will

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D. moon’s gravitational pull on earth A. Decrease
B. Increase
2782. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur
C. Remain the same
D. Depends
A. along the coast
B. along tectonic plate boundaries 2787. The study of seawater chemistry
C. in the Arctic A. Physical Oceanography
D. in the ocean B. Geological Oceanography
C. Chemical Oceanography
2783. A small ocean, this borders North Amer-
ica, Asia, and Europe. It’s the one at the D. Biological Oceanography
top 2788. American scientist and current director
of Special Projects at Woods Hole Institute
who led a recent exploration to the Titantic
A. David Gallo
B. Jacques Cousteau
C. Robert Ballard
D. none of above
2789. It is the actual speed and direction of
the wind blowing as experienced by an ob-
A. Southern Ocean server that is stationary.
A. True Wind
B. Indian ocean
B. Apparent Wind
C. Pacific Ocean
C. Beaufort Scale
D. Arctic Ocean
D. Anemometer
2784. When warm, moist air cools down at
night near the ground. 2790. Look at this image. Which object has the
LOWEST density in water? How?
A. Fog
B. Convection clouds
C. Mountain clouds
D. Frontal clouds

2785. This is the distance from crest to crest


A. crest
A. The Ping Pong Ball because it floats to
B. trough the top
C. wave length B. The bolt because it has sunk to the bot-
D. wave height tom

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 304

C. The soda cap because it is not just full A. Position 1


of air like the Ping Pong ball B. Position 2
D. none of above C. Position 3
2791. Nutrients are brought to the surface for D. Position 4
phytoplankton to use at
2796. Form at subduction zones near conti-
A. gyres nents. The deepest part of the ocean is
B. eddies the Marianas Trench near Japan (7 miles

NARAYAN CHANGDER
deep, 11, 022 meters)
C. upwelling
D. the equator

2792. Which ocean zone does sunlight pene-


trate?
A. neritic zone
B. euphotic zone
C. aphotic zone
D. abyssal zone A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Trench
2793. In a semi-dirunal tidal system, if it is
low tide at 6.00am, when is the next high C. Rift Valley
tide? D. Continental Slope
A. 12.07pm, same day 2797. How much of Earth’s water in in the
B. 6.25pm, same day oceans?
C. 12.07am, next day A. 3%
D. 6.25am, same day B. 97%
C. 50%
2794. shallow, gradually sloping area that ad-
joins continents D. 75%
A. continental shelf 2798. As a wave near the shore, the wave
B. continental slope height increases and the wavelength
C. seamount A. decreases
D. volcanic island B. increases
C. stays the same
2795. Which position of Earth shows winter in
North America? D. doubles
2799. Which explorer’s crew was the first to
sail around the world?
A. Christopher Columbus’s
B. Basque da Gama
C. Ferdinand Magellan’s
D. Amerigo Vespucci’s

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 305

2800. The three-layered structure of the open B. Plants and animals that live or on the
ocean does NOT exist bottom of an aquatic environment, includ-
ing plants of the deepest point of the

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A. in middle latitudes
ocean
B. in high lattitudes
C. Plants and animals that live or on the
C. in low lattitudes bottom of an aquatic environment, includ-
D. at the equator ing plants of the coral reef

2801. Name the moon phase D. Plants and animals that live or on the
bottom of an aquatic environment, includ-
ing worms, shellfish, and plankton
E. Plants and animals that live or on the
bottom of an aquatic environment, includ-
ing worms, shellfish, and bottom-feeding
fish

2805. Some deep sea creatures are charac-


terised by bioluminescence. What does
this term refer to?
A. The ability of organisms to produce
their own food through chemical reactions
A. First Quarter in their body
B. Last Quarter
B. The ability of organisms to produce
C. New Moon light through chemical reactions in their
D. Full Moon body
C. The ability of organisms to absorb the
2802. Changes in the positions of Earth, the
immense pressure placed on their bodies
moon, and the sun affect the height of high
at great ocean depths
tides during a month.
A. True D. none of above

B. False 2806. As the tides change, the amount of wa-


ter in an inlet will change.
2803. What is the primary factor that influ-
ences the salinity of seawater? A. True
A. Proximity to land B. False
B. Depth of the water
2807. What wave height factor involves how
C. Rate of evaporation and precipitation
fast the wind blows?
D. Amount of sunlight
A. Wind fetch
2804. What is the definition for benthos? B. Wind duration
A. Plants and animals that live or on the
C. Wind speed
bottom of an aquatic environment, includ-
ing plants of very shallow places D. Wind direction

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 306

2808. What is the name of the layer with the 2813. Which of the following leads to a de-
airplane (contains the ozone layer)? crease in the salinity (less salt) of ocean
water?
A. evaporation
B. precipitation (rain)
C. underwater volcanic eruptions
D. hydrothermal vents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2814. What is the name of the massive pile of
A. Troposphere trash?
B. Stratosphere A. Great Pacific Garbage Patch
C. Mesosphere B. Great Atlantic Garbage Patch
D. Thermosphere C. Great Pacific Garbage Trash
2809. Examine the five word and/or phrases D. Gran Pacific Island of Trash
and determine the relationship among the
majority of words/phrases. Choose the 2815. The single most influential agent chang-
one option that does not fit the pattern. ing the shore and coast is

A. Volcanic ash A. wave action.


B. Clay B. the tidal range.
C. Rock fragments C. alternate freezing and thawing of
coastal cliffs.
D. Siliceous ooze
D. prevailing winds.
E. Quartz sand
2816. What are earths 3 major oceans
2810. Which human activity directly affects
the quality of freshwater resources? A. Indian, Pacific, Atlantic
A. allowing runoff from agricultural fields B. Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic
B. burning gasoline in car engines 2817. How does climate generally change with
elevation?
2811. Why does coral require clear water to
grow? A. Cooler with higher altitude
A. For chemosynthesis B. Warmer with higher altitude
B. For predation 2818. What are the FOUR major fields in
C. For autotroph Oceanography? Check all that apply.
D. For photosynthesis
2812. euphotic zones in oceans extend till the
depth of approximately
A. 100 m
B. 200 m
C. 500 m
D. 1000 m A. Physical

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 307

B. Industrial 2823. Characteristics of Indian ocean


C. Chemical A. 28-34 ppt, 17, 881ft, 1/3 of area un-

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derlain by continental shelf, polar climate,
D. Biological
beaufort high centered wind, icelandic low
E. Geological and geophysical centered wind
2819. Ocean currents transport water, dis- B. 32-37 ppt, 23, 812ft, gets water from
solved solids, dissolved gases, and Persian gulf and red sea, northeast winds
around Earth. in winter, north west winds south of equa-
tor
A. debris
C. 37 ppt, 36, 161ft, consists of oceanic
B. energy ridges, trenches, and long seamount
C. solids chains, longest and deepest ocean, winds
east to west
D. waste
D. 23, 740ft, under 34 ppt, many ice-
2820. Base? bergs, arctic circumpolar current, wind
flows west to east
A. A group of substances that tends to ra-
sist change in the ph of a solution by com- 2824. This is the concept that deep ocean cur-
bining with free ions rents are driven by temperature and salin-
B. The zone of the ocean below the phyco ity.
cline, in which there is little additional A. Water Circulation
change of density with increasing depth B. Salinity Differences
C. A substance that combines with a hy- C. Global Warming
drogen ion in solution
D. Thermohaline circulation
D. Time middle zone of the ocean in which
density increases rapidly with depth 2825. Stanley Miller’s experiment created
from the chemical ingredients thought to
2821. As the depth of the ocean water in- exist in Earth’s early ocean
creases, the temperature A. simple organic compounds
B. complex organic compounds
C. DNA
D. primitive bacteria
2826. In a tsunami warning system, what is
represented by #2?

A. increases (warmer)
B. decreases (colder)

2822. What contributes the MOST to beach


erosion?
A. wave action
B. evaporation A. The earthquake

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 308

B. A seismograph that detects the earth- C. Submarine canyons


quake D. Mid-ocean ridges
C. A mooring/buoy that transfers the
2831. What is the name of this tool?
earthquake data to shore
D. A satellite used for communication

2827. The current labeled 6 is called and it


is

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Secchi Disk
B. Hydrophone
A. California Current; cold C. Bottom Grab Sampler
B. Gulf stream; warm D. Hydrometer
C. Antarctic Circumpolar Current; cold 2832. Which type of front is pictured?
D. Antarctic Circumpolar Current; warm

2828. El Niño the trade winds causing the


warm pool to move to the hemisphere.
A. weakens or reverses; western
B. intensifies; eastern A. Cold front
C. weakens or reverses; eastern B. Warm front
D. none of above C. Occluded front
2829. Plankton Net:Cone shaped that trap- D. Stationary front
sphytoplankton and zooplankton.
2833. Precipitation to the surface of the ocean
creates
A. an area of faster moving water.
B. an area of higher temperatures.
C. an area of higher salinity.
A. box
D. an area of lower salinity.
B. cube
2834. Why are seabirds eating plastic?
C. net
A. They think it’s food due to plastic gath-
D. tube
ering a host of organic matter including a
2830. Which of the following features is typi- compound called DMS.
cally found on continental margins? B. They just want to
A. Abyssal plains C. Trash in the ocean
B. Ocean trenches D. They mistakenly think it’s fish

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 309

2835. It is a device that measures tempera- 2839. What type of ship was used by the Eu-
ture or temperature gradient using a va- ropeans?
riety of different principles Hygrometer or

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Junk
Psychrometer.
B. Double canoe
A. Barometer
C. caravel
B. Aneroid Barometer
C. Mercurial Barometer D. None of these are correct

D. Thermometer 2840. When one type of crust gets pulled un-


der another crust, this is called
2836. The is measured from crest to crest,
or trough to trough. A. Subduction
A. Amplitude B. Trench
B. Wavelength C. Mid ocean ridge
C. Energy D. Subtraction
D. Wave Vibration 2841. CO2+H2O+CO3 2-=2 HCO3 is the chem-
2837. are all organisms that swim freely, ical equation for ocean acidification.
independent of currents. A. True
B. False

2842. What is the source of most ocean


waves?
A. gravitational pull of the moon
B. movement of plates
C. energy of ocean currents
D. motion of the atmosphere
A. Benthic
B. Zooplankton 2843. The plankton that are microscopic and
plant like are called
C. Nekton
D. none of above

2838. In which year was manganese nodules


discovered during the voyage of HMS chal-
lenger?
A. 1850
B. 1863 A. zooplankton
C. 1872 B. phytoplankton
D. 1880 C. minnows
E. 1894 D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 310

2844. What answer choice best describes 2847. The deepest known point on earth is
what is happening in the image? (From where?
Chapter 1.6) A. In a Vietnamese Super cave, Hang Son
Doong
B. Challenger Deep, the deepest known
point in the Mariana Trench
C. The bottom of Death Valley in Nevada

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The bottom of the grand canyon

Explanation:

A. the origins of the oceans and atmo- Here is a diagram of how deep the mari-
sphere through outgassing ana trench is.
B. the seismic activity around the seams 2848. What are gyres?
of tectonic plates
A. Under sea mountain chains.
C. the hotspots that created the Hawai-
ian island chain B. Form at the sites of plate convergence
where subduction takes place.
D. the role of magma / lava flows in geo-
logical structures C. Huge circular-moving current systems
dominating the surfaces of the oceans
E. the role of volcanism and its effects on bordering one or more continents.
oceanography
D. The gently sloping underwater surface
2845. What is not a type of ocean pollution? extending from the shoreline.
A. oil spill
2849. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
B. non-point source pollution
A. Wind
C. upwelling
B. Coal
D. trash dumping
C. Solar
2846. Transverse waves are D. Biomass
A. push-pull
2850. The zone extending from the ocean in-
B. side to side land as far as the environment is immedi-
C. circular ately affected by marine processes is the
D. none of above A. beach

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 311

B. coast 2856. What are plankton?


C. shore A. tiny plants and animals that live on the

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ocean floor
D. shelf
B. tiny plants and animals that float in the
2851. What do waves move? upper regions of the ocean
A. water C. underwater land

B. energy D. a flowing stream within the ocean

C. Both water and energy 2857. What is number 8


D. Neither water nor energy

2852. What piece of equipment do we use to


measure turbidity?
A. a chemical test
B. bioidicators A. Submarine Canyon
C. to bucket disks B. Abyssal Plain
D. incision ration C. Rift Valley
D. Trench
2853. Which global winds directly effect
weather in the U.S.? 2858. What is the #1 reason people use the
A. Trade Winds oceans?

B. Prevailing Westerlies A. Transportation


B. Food
C. Polar Easterlies
C. Navigation
D. Doldrums
D. None of the above
2854. A river of water that moves through the
2859. The depth zone where light entering
ocean
the sea is still possible for organisms to
A. Wave see, but is too weak for photosynthesis is
called the
B. Current
A. from eupho
C. Tide
B. disphotic
D. Surf
C. aphrodisiac
2855. The region of shallow ocean water over D. refotic
the continental shelf
E. synphotics
A. Oceanic Zone
2860. Where is the youngest ocean floor lo-
B. Photic Zone cated?
C. Neritic Zone A. east pacific ridge
D. none of above B. north atlantic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 312

C. mid ocean ridge 2865. Energy for all ocean food chains comes
D. south american from the
A. Plankton
2861. Which of the following describes a ben-
efit provided by marine wetlands? B. Air

A. The protect the shorelines from flood- C. Producers


ing and erosion, especially during storms D. Sun
B. Act as a crucial pathway for human

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2866. A greenhouse gas which causes the pH
travel of the ocean to decrease is
C. Cause additional erosion to occur, as A. propane
well as turn seawater muddy
B. ethane
D. Provide a source of minerals such as
magnesium and copper C. Ill
D. Methane
2862. The variable that is measured in the ex-
periment is- 2867. In what layer do jets usually fly?
A. the dependent variable
B. the independent variable
C. the control variable
D. the hypothetical variable

2863. El Nino happens when temperatures in


the Pacific Ocean are what? A. Stratosphere
A. About normal B. Mesosphere
B. Lower than normal C. Troposphere
C. Higher than normal D. Thermosphere
D. Changing rapidly
2868. Which of phase of the moon will the
2864. Which process of the water cycle re- tides be highest?
quires temperature to decrease? A. Full
B. New
C. Quarter
D. Waning Gabbous

2869. What is salinity?


A. the amount of sodium in liquid
B. the amount of water that has evapo-
A. evaporation rated
B. precipitation C. the amount of dissolved salts in a liq-
C. condensation uid
D. none of above D. the amount of solids in a liquid

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 313

2870. What causes surface ocean currents to 2875. Cold air is than warm air.
be deflected?

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A. Deep currents
B. Earth’s revolution
C. the Coriolis effect
D. Global winds

2871. The two factors that effect the density


of the ocean are

A. Less dense
B. Lighter
C. More dense
D. more energetic
A. temperature and winds 2876. What is the water body Z?
B. winds and salinity
C. temperature and salinity
D. Coriolis effect and winds

2872. Sailed the Pacific and explored Aus-


tralia, Hawaii, and New Zealand
A. Ferdinand Magellan
A. Sea
B. Basque da Gama
B. Strait
C. James Cook
C. Ocean
D. John Harrison
D. Gulf
2873. Which ocean is South Carolina closest
2877. Remotely operated vehicles are used
to?
A. Estuaries and lagoons
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Fresh water streams
B. Indian Ocean
C. Mostly to study marine life in unex-
C. Atlantic Ocean plored region of the deep oceans.
D. Southern ocean D. Wave action on the beach
2874. Why does ice float? 2878. Guyots are flat
A. it is more dense than water A. islands
B. it is less dense than water B. seamounts
C. it is a solid C. whales
D. it is made of water D. fish

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 314

2879. An organism’s response to environmen- 2884. Differences in the moon’s and sun’s pull
tal changes are called on different sides of the Earth cause
A. adaptations A. gravity
B. natural selection B. lunar phases
C. evolution C. tides
D. mutations D. dabbing

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2880. What produces most of the worlds oxy- 2885. The name of the stinging CELLS in the
gen supply? tentacles of jellyfish, sea anemones, and
hydrozoans
A. Phytoplankton in the ocean
A. choanocyte
B. The rainforest trees
B. cnidocyte
C. Decomposition of organisms
C. chromatophore
D. Grasses on land D. amoebocyte
2881. The outside layer of the earth is called 2886. Two processes that remove salt from
seawater are
A. wind and evaporation
B. volcanic eruptions and condensation

2887. Robert Ballard is most famous for

A. core
B. crust
C. mantle
D. outer core

2882. In ocean, the permanent boundary


boundary that separates warmer water
above from colder water below.
A. Inventing SCUBA
A. halocline
B. Discovering the Titanic
B. pycnocline
C. Leading the British Challenger expedi-
C. doldrums tion
D. thermocline D. Serving as Captain Cook’s first mate
2883. Level of the ocean’s surface 2888. An Abyssal Plain is similiar to
A. Ocean rise A. Cont. Shelf
B. Sea Level B. The Grand Canyon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 315

C. The Great Plains 2894. Who was the first French explorer?
D. Hidden Valley A. Samuel de Champlain

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2889. Select all of the correct characteristics B. Rene Cavelier
for Layer A. C. Jacques Cartier
A. Coldest ocean Layer D. Ponce De Leon
B. called the thermocline 2895. Algal blooms are dangerous beacuse
C. warmest ocean layer they
D. This zone has no sunlight
2890. The Polynesians were considered to be
the world’s first
A. Surfers
B. Sailors
C. Seafarers
D. Scuba divers
2891. What is a pycnocline? SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY
A. A layer in the ocean where tempera-
A. Reflect sunlight
ture rapidly increases with depth
B. Smell bad
B. A layer in the ocean where salinity
rapidly increases with depth C. Deoxygenate the water
C. A zone of rapid density change with D. Cause ‘blue baby syndrome’
depth in the ocean 2896. Kelp forests are found in climates,
D. A current caused by the Earth’s rota- while coral reefs are found in climates.
tion A. temperate, tropical
2892. Water motion caused by the mixing wa- B. sub arctic, tropical
ter of different densities C. temperate, arctic
A. deep circulation D. temperate, temperate
B. Deep water masses
2897. Wavelength is the vertical distance from
C. Gyres the crest to the trough.
D. Upwelling A. True
2893. Based on diameter, the smallest sedi- B. False
ment is: 2898. The movement of air from high to a low
A. Cobble pressure cell is?
B. Pebble A. Waves
C. Granule B. Wind
D. Silt C. Air Pressure
E. Clay D. Weather

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 316

2899. Currents are caused by three things: 2903. Surface waters are pushed away from
A. Wind land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep
water through
B. Salinity
A. upwelling
C. Temperature of Water
D. Gravitational Pull B. downwelling
C. land breezes
2900. Land is taller than the ocean is deep.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. True D. sea breezes
B. False
2904. If there is a high tide on the north side
2901. Using the map, how do the Gulf Stream of the earth, what type of tide will occur
and North Atlantic Drift affect the climate on the south side?
of northwestern Europe? A. low tide
B. high tide
C. spring tide
D. neap tide

2905. Which letter indicates the continental


shelf?
A. Their warms waters help produce a
warmer climate.
B. their cool waters help to produce a
cooler climate.
C. Their warm waters help to produce a
cooler climate. A. D
D. None of the above.
B. E
2902. Which of the following is not a type of
C. C
sediment found in the ocean? Check all
that apply. D. A
E. F

2906. What is a chip log used for?


A. Navigational tool to track speed
A. Cosmogenous through water
B. Hydrogenous B. Navigational tool to estimate depth
C. Biogenous C. Navigational tool to use a portable
D. Terrigenous time standard
E. All of these types of sediments are D. Navigational tool that could read the
found in the ocean stars

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 317

2907. How does fossil evidence support We- D. Underwater inactive volcanic moun-
gener’s hypothesis of continental drift? tains

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A. Similar fossils are found along con-
2912. It takes energy to warm up a body
tinental margins that appear to join to-
of water than it does to warm up an equal
gether.
area of land.
B. Fossils are found in areas where the
present-day climate could not have sup-
ported the organisms that made the fos-
sils.
C. Similar fossils of giant, land-dwelling
dinosaurs are found on continents sepa- A. some
rated by oceans.
B. equal
D. all of the above
C. less
2908. the attraction from water molecules to
D. more
other substances
A. adhesion 2913. A steep narrow beach most likely indi-
B. cohesion cates

C. high heat capacity


D. condensation

2909. How will the melting of icecaps change


the salinity of ocean water?
A. raise the salinity
B. lower the salinity
C. no change to the salinity A. high energy waves are common
D. I have no idea B. low energy waves are common

2910. In which ocean do continental margins C. a depositional coast


experience volcanic activity and earth- D. a typical east coast beach
quakes?
2914. p waves move
A. Indian Ocean
A. vertically
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean B. horizontally

D. Arctic Ocean 2915. The part of the ocean that has a super
fast drop in temperature is the:
2911. What are volcanic islands?
A. Surface Waters
A. Gently sloping, shallow area
B. Deep ocean
B. Mountains that reach the ocean sur-
face C. Thermocline
C. A geyser on the ocean floor D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 318

2916. The boundary around a watershed is 2921. Which statement about the ocean below
called the is false?
A. watershed. A. The ocean takes up large amounts of
B. divide. carbon.

C. sub-watershed. B. The ocean takes up about 97% of the


earth’s surface.
D. transpiration.
C. The ocean regulates the atmosphere.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2917. What are a circular system of currents D. none of above
in the Earth’s major oceans?
A. ocean current 2922. True or False A dolphin is a fish.

B. gyre
C. upwelling
D. conveyor belt

2918. mountain ranges in the ocean


A. mid-ocean ridge
B. trenches
C. rift
D. ocean basin A. False
B. True
2919. The graphic shows ocean floor topogra-
phy. Which is most likely represented by 2923. occurs when rain, sleet, snow, or
letter V (or W)? hail falls from the clouds onto the Earth’s
surface.
A. precipitation
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. runoff

2924. The “father of physical oceanography.”


A. continental slope He revolutionized navigation and short-
B. oceanic trench ened transoceanic voyages. His sounding
and bottom-sampling projects were used
C. volcanic island to make maps of the Atlantic Ocean floor.
D. abyssal plain A. Captain James Cook
2920. Are neap tides big? B. Charles Darwin
A. Yes C. Matthew Maury
B. No D. Sir Wyville Thomas

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 319

2925. What are most tsunamis caused by? C. Abyssal Plain


A. Hurricanes D. Mid-Ocean Ridge

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B. Tornadoes
2931. The amount of salt found in water is-
C. Earthquakes
A. temperature
D. Landslides
B. salinity
2926. These are instruments used for measur- C. pollution
ing relative humidity.
D. clarity
A. Barometer
B. Aneroid Barometer 2932. What is the purpose of a breakwater?

C. Mercurial Barometer A. To increase the force of waves hitting


the shore
D. Hygrometers
B. To create a barrier for ships to navi-
2927. What does the nebular hypothesis gate around
state?
C. To protect a shore or harbor from the
A. Earth’s moon is an asteroid force of waves
B. galaxies form independently D. To provide a habitat for marine life
C. all bodies in the solar system formed
2933. ROV
from an enormous gas cloud
D. The Earth was formed by the “Big A.
Bang”

2928. Earth’s second atmosphere formed from unoccupied submarine (not attached)

A. leftover gasses from the formation of


the planet
B. the Sun’s solar wind
C. outgassing from Earth’s interior
D. comet vaporization
B.
2929. Within Earth’s mantle, convection cells
move lithospheric plates toward and
away from
A. subduction zones; spreading centers
B. subduction zones; continental crust
C. spreading centers; hot spots
D. hot spots; spreading centers obtains water samples
2930. An underwater mountain range
C.
A. Trench
B. Sea Mount measures water content

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 320

D.
unoccupied underwater robot (connected)

2934. Who recognized South America as a new


continent?
A. James Cook A. narrow niche creatures

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Charles Darwin B. broad niche creatures
C. Ferdinand Magellan
2939. The factors that might affect observa-
D. Amerigo Vespucci tions and can be manipulated are called:
2935. What makes an estuary wildlife unique A. conclusion
A. They are pretty B. materials list
B. They can handle different levels of C. variables
salinity D. controls
C. They grow to huge sizes
2940. What causes the Coriolis Effect?
D. They eat lots of freshwater organisms
A. Rotation of the Earth on its axis.
2936. What is the highest point of a wave B. Revolution of the Earth around the sun
called?
C. the Moon’s gravity
D. Effect of winds high in the atmosphere.

2941. All of the following will increase salin-


ity, except
A. Trough
A. a volcanic eruption with solids enter-
B. Wavelength
ing the water
C. Crest
B. a volcanic eruption with gases precipi-
D. Amplitude tating into the water
C. glaciers melting
2937. The application of (using) science to the
study of phenomena (what happens) in the D. Runoff from a mountain
oceans is:
2942. the lower part of the photic zone, where
A. Oceanography
there is insufficient light for photosynthe-
B. Ecology sis
C. Earth Science A. disphotic zone
D. Biology B. abyssal zone
C. photic zone
2938. Which species tend to go extinct more
frequently? D. In the bathyal zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 321

2943. This force causes tides in the oceans of 2948. Water that is good enough to drink is
the Earth called ?

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A. Sun A. Ground water
B. Moon B. Surface water

C. Gravity C. Potable water


D. Artesian water
D. Currents
2949. Are vertical currents of ocean water
2944. How does evaporation affect the salin- that result from density differences among
ity and density? water masses
A. Decreased salinity-no water density A. Slope Currents
B. Decreased salinity-lowering water B. Density Current
density C. Mass Currents
C. Increased salinity-rising water density D. none of above
D. Increased salinity-lowering water den- 2950. The flattest area of the ocean is known
sity as the
2945. How much of the ocean has been discov- A. Rift Zone
ered? B. Abyssal Plain
A. 98% C. Mid-ocean Ridge
B. 73% D. Subduction zone
C. less than 5% 2951. Which words are connected with geol-
D. 100% ogy?
A. terminator, nebula, conjunction
2946. During summer, the sun’s rays are B. shore, trade wind, salt content
C. plates, tectonic movement, rock cycle
D. none of above
2952. Polynesia is located in which ocean?

A. Direct
B. Indirect

2947. steep depressions in the deepest parts


of the ocean where old ocean crust is
pushed beneath another tectonic plate
A. Seamount A. Pacific
B. Deep Ocean Trench B. Indian
C. Volcanic Island C. Atlantic
D. none of above D. Indian

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 322

2953. The gyre found closest to Virginia is the


gyre.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Oceanography
A. North Atlantic B. Microbiology
B. North Pacific C. Chemistry
C. South Atlantic D. Oceanology

D. North Atlantic 2958. The rotation of the Earth creates and

2954. Which environmental concern is de- A. Hot and Cold


picted below?
B. Summer and Winter
A. Invasive species
C. Day and Night
B. Habitat loss D. Evaporation and Snow
C. Overfishing
2959. Earth’s initial atmosphere formed from
D. Eutrophication
A. leftover gases from the nebula
2955. Which term applies to organisms that
B. the Sun’s solar wind
live on the ocean floor?
C. outgassing
A. Benthic
D. comet vaporization
B. Neritic
2960. Does evaporation leave
C. Plankton
A. more salt behind in the ocean
D. none of above
B. less salt behind in the ocean
2956. What are risks of scuba diving? Check C. more freshwater behind in the ocean
all that apply. D. none of above
A. Equipment malfunction 2961. What is number 8
B. Running out of air
C. The Bends (decompression sickness)
D. Discovering new species

2957. the study of Earth’s oceans A. Continental Margin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 323

B. Continental Shelf B. permeable surface


C. Continental Rise C. recharge area

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D. Continental Slope D. charge area

2962. Which of the following makes water in 2967. The Neritic Zone is most similar to the
the ocean move in ocean currents? zone in freshwater
A. plankton A. Benthic
B. sea level B. Limnetic
C. the sun C. Littoral
D. none of these D. Photic

2963. Which factor affects the movement of 2968. is a large, warm current that affects
deep currents? weather on the east coast.
A. salinity A. Gulf Stream
B. Coriolis Effect B. California Current
C. continental deflection C. Labrador Current
D. global wind D. Tidal Wave

2964. On December 15th, which of the follow- 2969. Slopes from the continental shelf to the
ing locations will receive the highest value ocean floor
of solar radiation? A. Continental Slope
A. 0◦ B. Continental Shelf
B. 30◦ N C. Abyssal Plain
C. 30◦ S D. Seamount
D. 60◦ N
2970. Portuguese man o’ war is what TYPE of
E. 60◦ S Cnidarian?
2965. The flattest part of the ocean basin A. Scyphozoa
B. Anthozoa
C. Hydrozoa
D. Cubozo

2971. Identify the current labelled L in the fig-


A. trench ure.
B. seamount
C. continental rise
D. abyssal plain

2966. The area above ground that allows wa-


ter to infiltrate?
A. impermeable surface A. Gulf Stream Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 324

B. Humboldt (Peru) Current


C. Kamchatka Current
D. Oyashio Current

2972. Satellite Technology is best used to


A. View the underwater world close up A. oxygen

B. View the ocean’s surface and large ar- B. sugar

NARAYAN CHANGDER
eas at a distance C. salt
C. Access areas of the deep sea where D. carbon dioxide
people cannot go.
2977. What percent of the Earth is covered in
D. Give people a remote area to do their salt water oceans?
research closer to their subject.
A. 82%
2973. Theseare any large movement of sea B. 71%
water
C. 49%
A. Ocean Currents
D. 35%
B. Wind
2978. What is the earth’s tilt in degrees
C. Coriolis Effect
A. 205
D. Waves
B. 22.5
2974. deposits are found on continental C. 23.5
shelves and in shallow water near islands,
whereas, deposits are found in deep- D. 24.5
ocean basins and are fine grained
2979. What is water doing when it is changed
A. Neritic pelagic to water vapor?
B. Beach; continental shelf A. Evaporating
C. Pelagic; neritic B. Condensing
D. Continental shelf; beach C. Precipitating
D. none of above
2975. Which part of the ocean is deepest?
A. ridges 2980. What technology is used to map the
ocean floor?
B. trenches
A. sonar
C. rifts
B. lip
D. seamounts
C. electromagnetism
2976. Animals and plants use substances that D. none of above
cycle through the environment. Which sub-
stance is needed by plants to survive and 2981. The dissolution of the thick tests of
is released into the environment by ani- foraminifiers below the CCD is an example
mals? of the of biogenous sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 325

A. Erosion

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B. Destruction

C. dilution

D. productivity

E. ecology

2982. Earth rotates on its axis which deflects


air towards the right in the Northern Hemi-
sphere and left in the Southern Hemi-
sphere. What is this process called?

A. The Coriolis Effect

B. The Axis Effect

C. The Greenhouse Effect

D. Upwelling

2983. Who was killed in the Philippines during


his last sea voyage after a skirmish with
local people?

A. Prince Henry the Navigator

B. John Cabot

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. James Cook

2984. Choose the correct option

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 326

A. Hydrometer 2990. A typical sandy beach has a region of


B. Refractometer crashing waves called the Zone which
is white with foam as a result of air mixing
C. Salinometer with water as waves pound on the shore.
D. none of above A. Supratidal
2985. When the lithosphere sinks, it digs into B. Intertidal
the: C. Subtidal

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Asthenosphere D. Surf
B. Lithuanisphere
2991. Scientists learn about the from the
C. Ocean ocean.
D. none of above

2986. Name the feature for F

A. garbage
B. weather
A. continental slope
C. water
B. continental shelf
D. pirates
C. abyssal plain
D. trench 2992. The term referring to the size and shape
of sediment particles is
2987. Tides are caused by A. fabric
A. water B. composition
B. gravity C. provenance
C. wind D. texture
D. currents
2993. Earthquakes and volcanoes are found:
2988. An underwater mountain range A. Near the sea
A. trench B. Only on land
B. seamount C. Near tectonic plate boundaries
C. mid ocean ridge D. Only in the pacific
D. abyssal range
2994. What event is considered to be the be-
2989. Caused by uneven heating of earth ginning of modern Oceanography?
A. Ocean Currents A. The Challenger Expedition
B. Hurricanes B. Captain Bligh’s Voyage
C. Waves C. The Civil War
D. Prevailing Winds D. The Age of Exploration

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 327

2995. When the air temperature over the land 2998. What is sonar?
is warmer than the nearby ocean temper- A. A device used to measure ocean tem-
ature, energy is transferred from the

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


perature
to the
B. A device used to measure ocean salin-
ity
C. A device used to measure ocean depth
D. A device used to measure ocean cur-
rents

2999. As you descend through the water col-


umn,

A. water; air A. temperature decreases

B. water; sun B. pressure decreases


C. light increases
C. air; sun
D. density decreases
D. air; water
3000. Divergent
2996. Which direction is the longshore current
based on the image? A. Ocean/continents slide past each
other resulting in frequent and massive
A. Coming from the left, going right earthquakes(ex San Andreas Fault and
B. Coming from the right, going left California
C. Not enough information B. 2 oceanic plates separate and magma
rises to the ocean floor resulting in earth-
D. none of above quakes, mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal
vents, and ecosystems.
2997. is the buildup of pollutants at higher
levels of the food chain. C. 2 continental plates collide resulting in
earthquakes and folded mountains(ex Hi-
malayan mountains, Mount Everest, and
Nepal.
D. One oceanic plate collides with a conti-
nental or oceanic plate resulting in earth-
quakes, deep sea trenches, long chain of
volcanoes(continents) or a volcanic island
arc(ex Japan of Sumatra and Andes Moun-
tains.

3001. A crayon has a mass of 10g and volume


of 5 mL. What is the density?
A. porosity A. 30 g/mL
B. water pollution B. 15 g/mL
C. wastewater C. 1 g/mL
D. biomagnification D. 2 g/mL

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 328

3002. is the study of the ocean. 3007. What would occur first if the recharge
area of an aquifer is paved for a housing
A. Oceanography
development?
B. Astronomy
A. it would increase the recharge area
C. Astrology B. the aquifer would increase in water
D. Geography C. pollution would pass through to the
ground
3003. Where is most of the freshwater found

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. pollutants would runoff into the near-
on Earth?
est river
A. lakes
3008. What is the average salinity of the
B. glaciers ocean?
C. oceans A. 3.5%
D. rivers B. 6.5%
C. 10%
3004. Which of these marks a guyot?
D. 1%
3009. Waves are caused by
A. Tides
B. Earthquakes
C. Wind
A. B D. Volcanoes
B. E 3010. Number 6 on the diagram represents
what ocean floor feature?
C. H
D. G

3005. Which of the following was NOT an ev-


idence used by Alfred wegener
A. Fossils
B. The continuation of mountain chains A. Guyot

C. The shape of continents B. Mid-Oceanic Ridge


C. Seamount
D. Seismic waves
D. Volcano
3006. The stody of the structure of the sea
3011. Oceans cover about of the surface
floor is an example of oceanography
of the earth.
A. physical A. 60%
B. biological B. 70%
C. chemical C. 80%
D. geological D. 90%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 329

3012. What is letter F? 3017. carry energy through water


A. Mechanical Wave

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. Tsunami
C. Ocean Wave
D. Wavelength

A. Mid-Ocean Ridge 3018. bacteria capable of converting nitrite or


nitrate to gaseous nitrogen
B. Seamount
A. denitrifying bacteria
C. Trench
D. Continental Shelf B. dissolved organic nitrogen
C. nitrogen cycle
3013. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an-
swer choice best describes the first Viking D. osmosis
to land in the Americas at Newfoundland
3019. How do surface currents affect the tem-
in 995 CE? (From Chapter 1.2)
perature of coastal areas?
A. Ferdinand Magellan
A. Surface currents only affect the tem-
B. James Cook perature of deep ocean areas
C. Christopher Columbus B. Surface currents can transport warm
D. Erik “the Red” Thorvaldson or cold water along the coast, affecting
the temperature of coastal areas.
E. Leif Eriksson
C. Surface currents have no effect on the
3014. Winds generally moves across the temperature of coastal areas
United States
D. Surface currents cause extreme tem-
A. from north to south perature changes in coastal areas
B. from east to west
3020. What is biomass?
C. from south to north
A. energy from the sun
D. from west to east
B. energy from water
3015. In the Northern Hemisphere, hurricanes
C. energy from wind
spin
A. clockwise D. energy from plant and animal waste

B. counter clockwise 3021. Which terms are NOT opposites?


3016. What star in the Northern Hemisphere A. bow and stern
can be used for nautical navigation be- B. starboard and port
cause of its consistent position in the
C. hull and gunwale
evening sky?
D. aft and fore
A. Vega
B. Sirius 3022. Most coral reefs grow in warm water
C. Polaris A. True
D. Moon B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 330

3023. Most coral reefs are found near the 3028. The BEST depth for coral reefs to grow
equator. What does this suggest about is
coral reefs? A. 10m
A. Most ocean waters are too deep for
B. 500m
coral reefs.
C. 50m
B. Coral reefs need warm water to sur-
vive. D. 20m

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Coral reefs are mostly around volcanic 3029. Why are barnacles considered crus-
islands. taceans? (Two answers!!)
D. Ocean currents keep coral reefs from A. Live in an exoskeleton
migrating.
B. Attach itself to substrates
3024. Put the sediments in order from small- C. Have jointed appendages
est sized particles to largest
D. Filter feed
A. clay, silt, sand, gravel
B. silt, clay, gravel, sand 3030. Sodium chloride (choose all that apply)
C. gravel, sand, silt, clay A. KCl
D. none of above B. most abundant salt in the oceans

3025. During the moon phases shown in the C. not found in the oceans
image Earth will experience a- D. NaCl

3031. Jason is a remote controlled deep div-


ing vessel which has explored hydrother-
mal vents in what ocean or oceans.

A. Spring Tide A. Pacific


B. Neap Tide B. Atlantic
C. Indian
3026. How many low tides and high tides hap-
pen in a day? D. All of them
A. 1 low tide, 1 high tide 3032. Manganese nodules belong to
B. 4 low tides, 4 high tides A. lithogenous sediments.
C. 3 low tides, 3 high tides B. biogenous sediments.
D. 2 low tides, 2 high tides C. hydrogenous sediments.
3027. Neap Tides do NOT occur during which D. cosmogenous sediment.
of the following moon phases?
3033. Tides are mostly caused by
A. Full Moon
A. Ocean Currents
B. 1st Quarter
B. Continental Shapes
C. 3rd Quarter
D. Neap Tides occur during all of these C. Gravity from the Moon and Sun
moon phases D. Differences in Density

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 331

3034. The longest mountain chain in world; 3038. What type of tidal graph looks like this?
where new ocean floor is produced.

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A. Semidiurnal
A. mid-ocean ridge
B. Mixed
B. deep ocean trench
C. Duodiurnal
C. worry
D. subduction D. Diurnal

3035. How do a solute and solvent work to- 3039. Calcite dissolves more readily in seawa-
gether to create a solution? ter that is in temperature and in
pressure.
A. the solution mixes with a solute to
form a solvent A. colder; higher
B. the solute dissolves the solvent and B. colder; lower
makes a solution
C. warmer; higher
C. the solvent mixes with the solution and
that forms a solute D. warmer; lower
D. the solvent dissolves the solute and
3040. In which step of the scientific method do
makes a solution
we talk to experts, read books, and look
3036. What process creates lithogenous sedi- online for what work has already been
ments? done?

A. Precipitation from seawater A. Purpose


B. Weathering and erosion B. Research
C. Dissolution of carbonate shells C. Hypothesis
D. Evaporation D. Analysis
3037. Archeological evidence suggests that
3041. Check all the thing that the Nansen bot-
boat technology was developed about
tle was used to measure:
years ago.
A. 5, 000 A. pH

B. 4, 000, 000 B. microorganisms

C. 40, 000 C. salinity


D. 500, 000 D. dissolved oxygen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 332

C. Liquid or solid water that falls from the


air and reaches the surface as rain hale or
snow fall
D. The region between the breaking
waves and the shore
3046. What effect do the Gulf Stream and the
North Atlantic Drift have on the climate of
northwestern Europe?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3042. Which figure shows a lunar eclipse?
A.

A. These warm currents have a warming


B. effect.
B. These cold currents have a cooling ef-
C. fect.
C. These warm currents have a cooling ef-
D. fect.
D. These cold currents have a warming ef-
3043. What causes ocean currents in the
fect.
Northern Hemisphere to curve clockwise?
A. Earth’s orbit around the Sun 3047. Which one drifts freely in the ocean
(doesn’t move against the current)?
B. Coriolis effect
A. Nekton
C. Thermohaline Circulation
B. Benthos
D. Earth’s force of gravity
C. Plankton
3044. This acts like a dam and keeps waves D. none of above
from breaking on shore.
3048. Surface currents are driven mainly by
A. undertow ?
B. longshore A. salinity
C. sandbars B. temperature
D. whirlpool C. wind
D. moon
3045. Aphotic zone?
E. density
A. The dark ocean below the depth to
which light can penetrate 3049. Can a rogue wave flip a ship?
B. Attachment of water molecules to A. Yes
each other by hydrogen bonds B. No

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 333

3050. Which is not a type of plate boundary? 3055. There are major ocean basins
A. Allegiant A. 3

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B. Divergent B. 5
C. Convergent C. 6
D. Transform D. 4
3051. What was the name of the ocean that 3056. Global wind patterns are responsible
surrounded Pangaea? for:
A. The Arctic
A. Surface currents
B. Panthalassa
B. Deep currents
C. The Tethys Sea
C. Coriolis Effect
D. Oceania
D. Changes in water density
3052. Moon Jellyfish and Cannonball Jellies
are what type of Cnidarian? 3057. According to your textbook (Wohlers et
al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
A. Hydrozoa scribes the value of two physical marine
B. Scyphazoa resources that are secondary to gas and
oil?
C. Anthozoa
D. Cubozo A. distillation
B. concrete that makes modern construc-
3053. The property of seawater used in induc- tion possible
tion SALINOMETERS to measure salinity is
C. fertilizers, medicines, wallboard and
A. density. other building materials, and table salt
B. electrical conductivity.
D. plastic
C. optical refraction.
3058. The ocean layers are divided by the
D. heat capacity.
amount of in each layer.
3054. Attractions between water molecules
are called

A. Covalent bonds A. animals


B. Ionic bonds B. salt
C. Polar bonds C. light
D. Hydrogen bonds D. people

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 334

3059. Air Movement around High Pressure D. Land begins sharp decline leading to
A. Winds flow clockwise around a high ocean floor.
pressure center in the northern hemi- 3063. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
sphere, while in the southern hemisphere, textbook, ONE of the following is NOT a
winds flow counterclockwise around a factor that causes the Earth to heat un-
high. evenly.
B. The opposite is true in the southern A. The Earth is spherical
hemisphere, where winds flow clockwise

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The Earth’s axis rotation is tilted
around an area of low pressure.
C. The moon’s gravitation pull.
C. Winds flow counterclockwise around a
low in the northern hemisphere. D. The distance between the Earth and
the sun varies with the time of year.
D. none of the above
3064. a small boat that can travel in deep
3060. In some parts of the world, tuna are be- ocean water
ing overfished. What could this cause?
A. The organisms that tuna eat will in-
crease in population.
B. The organisms that eat tuna will in-
crease in population.
C. There would be no effect.
D. none of above
A. scuba
3061. A continental and oceanic plates are col- B. submersible
liding at a convergent boundary, which
plate is subducted (goes under the other). C. water pressure
D. trench
A. Neither they collide and form moun-
tains 3065. Equipment that allows for individual ex-
B. the continental plate will be subducted ploration of the ocean up to a certain
depth.
C. the oceanic plate will be subducted
A. Crab Pots
D. they will both be subducted.
B. SCUBA
Explanation: C. CTD Rosette
The denser and Oceanic crust always goes D. Drift Bottle
under the less dense continental crust.
3066. How are summer time waves de-
3062. Choose the best description for “conti- scribed?
nental slope.” A. Long, low, and build up beaches.
A. The sudden drop off at the end of the B. Long, low, and carry sand away from
tectonic plate. beaches.
B. Where the land meets the edge of the C. Short, high, and build up beaches.
ridge. D. Short, high, and carry sand away from
C. A flat piece of ocean floor. beaches.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 335

3067. Coral reefs are found in


A. Talk zone

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B. sublittoral (neritic) zone
C. abyssal zone
D. deep ocean trenches
A. Hydrochloric acid
3068. Seafloor spreading creates
B. cabbage
A. Trenches
C. milk
B. Mid-ocean ridges D. none of above
C. Plateaus
3074. What is the name of the deep-sea sub-
D. Caverns mersible operated by Woods Hole (Mas-
sachusetts) that discovered the Titanic
3069. TRUE or FALSE The depth of the ocean wreck?
floor varies.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

3070. In a hypothesis written in the “If, then”


format, which variable comes second?
A. Independent
A. ALVIN
B. Dependent
B. FLIP
3071. Scientist who found the Titanic, also C. JASON
known for his exploration of the mid-
ocean ridge. D. STARR

A. David Gallo 3075. This increases as depth increases


B. Charles Darwin A. light
C. Robert Ballard B. pressure
D. none of above C. temperature
D. none of above
3072. the highest point of a wave
A. Trough 3076. Which of the following was used during
early exploration of the oceans to collect
B. Crest sediment samples?
C. Deep Current A. Dredge
D. Wave Period B. Gravity corer

3073. According to the pH range which sub- C. Rotary corer


stance is more acidic than lemon juice D. Six disks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 336

3077. The abyssal Plain takes up 3082. Choose the correct option
A. 50% of ocean floor
B. 80% of earth’s crust
C. 50% of earth’s crust
D. 80% of ocean floor

3078. What part of the continental margin


A. spring tide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
marks the true edge of the continent?
B. neap tide
A. continental shelf
B. continental slope 3083. What is the salinity of brackish water?
(in parts per thousand)
C. continental rise
A. 0.5 to 30 PPT (Parts per thousand)
D. abyssal plain
B. 0.5 to 40 PPT (Parts per thousand)
3079. What causes most of the oceans surface
C. 0.5 to 350 PPT (Parts per thousand)
currents and waves?
D. 0.5 to 3, 500 PPT (Parts per thousand)
A. density differences
E. 0.5 to 35, 000 PPT (Parts per thousand)
B. the moon
C. wind 3084. A tide minimum range that occurs during
the first and third quarters of the moon.
D. the sun
A. Neap Tide
3080. What is represented at point 1? B. Spring Tide
C. Low Tide
D. High Tide

3085. This fish is caught for its meat and the


oil in its liver.
A. wave height A. Cod
B. wavelength B. Salmon
C. crest C. Blanket Ray
D. trough D. Whale Shark

3081. What three factors work together to 3086. Storm water refers to the type of water
form a pattern of surface currents on that comes from?
Earth? A. drains in our home
A. weather, wind, sun B. rain runoff into streets
B. global winds, the Coriolis effect, conti- 3087. This an’s map of the Mediterranean
nental deflections world surrounded by endless ocean would
C. global winds, the Coriolis effect, sun dominate map making for over 1000
D. the Coriolis effect, continental deflec- years.
tions, the moon A. Herodotus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 337

B. They have 3093. A halocline define a distinct difference in


C. Eratosthenes A. temperature

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D. Aristotle B. salinity
3088. Which is not a type of ocean pollution? C. density
A. Agriculture Runoff D. porosity
B. Oil Spills 3094. Which scientist and explorer proposed
C. Trash Dumping in Rivers that all Earth’s land had once been joined
into a single supercontinent surrounded by
D. Upwelling along Coastal Regions
an ocean?
3089. My horses name is A. Bacon
A. Secretariat B. Bullard
B. War horse C. Shackleton
C. Sadie D. Wegener
D. Spirit
3095. Identify the acronym that applies:These
3090. What is turbidity? What impacts this? are also known as underwater drones.
A. Turbidity is the appearance of some- A. AUV
thing. B. CTD
B. Turbidity is the lesser or more of the C. DSV
appearance of the water.
D. REMUS
C. The impact is that if there were some-
E. UUV
thing blocking the visibility. The turbidity
would be very less. 3096. As you go deeper in the ocean, the wa-
D. The force of waters impact this. ter is colder and less salty.
A. True
3091. The ocean floor:
B. False
A. is always a flat bed of sand
B. is covered by the same amount of wa- 3097. The original mission of the HMS Chal-
ter everywhere lenger was
C. has mountains, plains, and ridges just
like on land
D. covers less area than the land
3092. If a Harmful Algal Bloom runs to com-
pletion it can create an environment with
no oxygen present. What do they call this
type of environment? A. to resolve a debate about life at the
A. Anoxic/Eutrophied bottom of the ocean
B. Productive B. to sail the seven seas
C. Secondary C. to map the coast of Antarctica
D. none of above D. to find a megalodon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 338

3098. A reversing thermometer 3103. According to the data that indicates all
A. changes as it is raised to surface material in the universe is moving away
from other matter, which theory was con-
B. records the temperature at a particu- structed?
lar depth
A. Evolution
C. has markings in reverse order
B. Creationism
D. measures on a negative scale C. Relativity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3099. mass of moving ocean water D. The Big Bang
3104. THESE ARE THE MAJOR GROUPS OF
PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE FOUND IN THE
OCEAN.
A. NERITIC
B. PLANKTON
C. BENTHOS
A. wave
D. DIATOMS
B. current
C. tide 3105. Consider the following factors:1) Rota-
tion of the Earth2) Air pressure and wind3)
D. none of above Density of ocean water4) Revolution of
the EarthWhich of the above factors influ-
3100. Which of the following would be most
ence the ocean current
affected by the increase in global ocean
temperatures? A. 1 and 2 only
A. speciation of coral reefs B. 1, 2 and 3

B. bleaching of coral reefs C. 1 and 4


D. 2, 3 and 4
C. accelerated growth of coral reefs
D. enhanced fish predation on coral reefs 3106. What is the driving force behind the
movement of the tectonic plates?
3101. How are ocean currents measured? A. Gravity
A. By using satellites only B. Convection
B. By using GPS devices only C. Wave motion
C. By using drifters and buoys D. Seismic activity
D. By using submarines only 3107. Which of the following illustrates the
3102. Pattern of low Pacific ocean surface correct ordering of trophic levels?
temperatures A. decomposers-carnivores-autotrophs-
herbivores
A. The boy
B. herbivores-autotrophs-carnivores-
B. The girl
decomposers
C. Tropical Storm C. autotrophs-herbivores-carnivores-
D. Hurricane decomposers

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 339

D. carnivores-producers-omnivores

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3108. A career in Oceanography Engineering
might include

A. investigating food chains in marine en-


vironments.

B. monitoring the amount of dissolved


oxygen in local seas.

C. designing a new submarine to reach


new depths.

D. investigating cleanup solutions to the


great pacific garbage patch.

3109. A positive influence on the environment A. delta


include the following. Check all that apply B. great plains

A. Improve and monitor marine popula- C. mountain range


tions D. mountain valley

B. Ban hunting or harming certain marine 3112. The wave crest is represented by which
populations letter?

C. Programs to prevent pollution in our


ocean

D. Limit catches of stressed populations

A. A
3110. The process that causes magma to rise
and fall, moving the lithospheric plates is B. B
C. C
A. fusion
D. E
B. convection 3113. The area of water that goes from the
low tide line to the edge of the continental
C. radiation shelf is called the
D. conduction A. intertidal zone.
B. open ocean zone

3111. A mid-oceanic ridge might be compared C. neritic or coastal zone


to what continental landform? D. abyssal zone.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 340

3114. Which of these has been measured using 3119. What happens to seawater temperature
satellite technology? as the ocean depth increases?
A. sea surface nitrogen levels A. Increases
B. sea surface salinity B. Decreases
C. both A and B C. Stays the same
D. neither A nor B D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3115. What is the difference between a guyot 3120. Which of the following is the best an-
and a seamount? swer based on this statement:This zone is
A. Guyots are rounded, seamounts are the largest zone in the ocean.
not. A. Neritic
B. Seamounts are rounded, guyots are B. Intertidal
not.
C. Oceanic
C. Seamounts have been weathered by
D. Sunlight
wave and becomes a guyot, a cone shaped
volcano. 3121. The increase of causes the Meso-
D. Seamounts are cone shaped volca- sphere to be solid
noes, and biologically, that would scientif- A. Temperature
ically confirm that there is no difference.
B. Pressure
3116. The Chesapeake Bay is a(n)- C. Heavier materials
A. estuary D. Volume
B. reservoir
3122. A secchi disk measures
C. ocean front
A. wavelength of light
D. continental slope
B. visibility
3117. What is the effect of the flow of the C. water pressure
Gulf Stream Current on Clifden, Ireland
D. salinity
A. It keeps the coastal area cool.
B. It makes the climate warmer. 3123. The main components of ocean water
are
C. It makes it rain less.
A. water and minerals
D. It makes the climate colder.
B. water and salts
3118. The are chains of mountains that C. water and density
wind their way through all the world’s ma-
jor oceans. D. both A and B
A. guyot 3124. An effect of the rotation of the Earth
B. abyssal plain that causes currents in the Northern Hemi-
sphere to spin clockwise and currents in
C. mid-ocean ridges the southern hemisphere to spin counter-
D. current clockwise

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 341

3129. What role does the structure shown


play in energy production in the ocean?

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A. It’s the source of photosynthesis in the
deep ocean.
B. It provides a source of heat and refuge
for deep sea organisms
C. It provides a source of oxygen, since
A. the Coriolis effect
it’s too deep for photosynthesis to occur.
B. density currents
D. It’s the source of chemosynthesis in
C. spring tide the deep ocean.
D. surface currents 3130. An embankment built along the shore to
protect inland areas from powerful waves
3125. how many Volcanic glass samples did
is known as a
tow cam take
A. baymouth bar
A. 3000
B. groin
B. 298
C. jetty
C. 899
D. seawall
D. 300
E. 280, 000 3131. A river system is made up of a river and
its
3126. What is the normal atmospheric pres- A. sediments
sure?
B. divides
A. 1013.25 mbar
C. runoff
B. 1012.25 mbar
D. tributaries
C. 1010.30 mbar
3132. Which of the following is NOT a hy-
D. 1014.25 mbar
drogenous sediment?
3127. Which process would remove salts from A. manganese nodules
the ocean? B. calcium carbonates
A. organisms forming shells C. evaporites
B. volcanism D. calcareous ooze

3128. Which areas are most susceptible to a 3133. Marine organisms are classified accord-
tsunami? ing to how they
A. low lying, coastal areas A. live
B. areas of high elevation B. eat
C. middle areas C. move
D. none of above D. live and move

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 342

3134. Which layer is the least dense? A. seagull and fish


B. seaweed and zooplankton
C. penguin and crab
D. phytoplankton and seaweed

3138. Which food chain is correct?


A. jellyfish sun small fish phy-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
toplankton sea turtle krill
B. sea turtle phytoplankton sun
krill jellyfish small fish
C. sun phytoplankton krill
small fish jellyfish sea turtle
D. phytoplankton small fish jelly-
A. Teal (top) fish sea turtle krill sun

B. Blue (middle) 3139. Which water has a higher density?


C. Red (bottom) A. Warm water
D. none of above B. Cold water
3135. A deep-water wave occurs when the
3140. Based on the map, which of the follow-
water depth is equal to at least
ing statements best summarizes the move-
A. 1/20 of the wavelength ment of heat through the world’s oceans?
B. 1/2 of the wavelength
C. wave height
D. the fetch

3136. An instrument for measuring the direc-


tion, velocity, force, etc of currents.
A. Echo Sounding A. Warm water moves slower than the
B. Current Meter cool water.

C. GPS B. Warm water moves from the Atlantic


Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
D. Hydrophone
C. Cold water moves away from the equa-
E. Secchi Disk
tor and picks up heat near the poles.
3137. Name the producers in this food web. D. Heat energy is transported from areas
near the equator to areas near the poles.

3141. A hypotonic solution is one that has less


salt than the organism.
A. True
B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 343

3142. What would happen if the Sun is re-


moved from the water cycle?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. The water cycle would not include pre-
cipitation but would continue with ground-
water flow.
B. The water cycle would no longer occur A. Convergent
because the Sun provides the energy for
evaporation and transpiration. B. Divergent
C. Subductive Zone
C. The water cycle would no longer occur
because the Sun provides energy for the D. Transform
formation of clouds.
3146. Which state is NOT included in the
D. The water cycle would not include Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
evaporation and transpiration but would
continue with condensation.

3143. Most of the ocean floor is

A. Virginia
B. West Virginia
C. Delaware
D. North Carolina
A. abyssal plain 3147. Which type of crust is more dense?
B. trench A. Oceanic
C. continental shelf B. Continental
D. seamounts C. Abyssal Plain
D. Earthquake
3144. Sound travels slower through water
than air. 3148. What causes surface ocean currents to
be deflected?
A. True
A. deep currents
B. False B. the Coriolis effect

3145. The San Andrea’s Fault in California is C. Earth’s revolution


which type of boundary? D. Global Winds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 344

3149. T2-Which of the following organisms is 3154. What would this ocean creature be clas-
an example of nekton? sified as?
A. Lobster
B. Dolphin
C. Clam
D. Setar

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3150. The ITCZ is located at
A. the poles
A. plankton
B. the mid-latitudes
B. nekton
C. the equator
C. benthos
D. the horse latitudes
D. Mason
3151. Because of the Coriolis Effect, surface 3155. Water is heavier than air, its pressure
currents in the Northern Hemisphere are as we go deeper.
deflected
A. increases
A. north
B. stays the same
B. south
C. decreases
C. to the left
D. fluctuates
D. to the right
3156. What type of water is ocean water?
3152. Trenches form at sites where
A. Drinking water
A. one plate descends beneath another.
B. salt water
B. erosion cuts into the continental shelf
C. Ground water
C. two plates diverge under the sea
D. Fresh water
D. the tops of undersea volcanoes col-
lapse 3157. Select the ways that the ocean floor is
studied.
3153. What is 1? A. Sonar
B. Satellites
C. Underwater vessels
D. Deep-Sea drilling
E. Diving
A. wavelength
3158. True or false:pycnoclines is a boundary
B. wave height between changing regions of density.
C. crest A. true
D. trough B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 345

3159. Which of the following is not true? C. Cold saltwater


D. Cold freshwater

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


3164. Who discovered Hawaii?
A. Capt. James Cook
B. Mark
C. Chicken
D. Cow

3165. According to the graph below, what hap-


A. Seamounts indicated by 4 pens to the density of a substance as it-
B. Continental slope indicated by 1 stemperatureincreases (as you move up on
the y-axis)? (Helpful tip:pick at least 2
C. Abyssal plain indicated by 3
temperatures and find their densities on
D. All are correct. the graph. Compare.)
3160. This word describes when rock has
spaces that allows water to move through
A. Permeable
B. Impermeable
C. Surface Water
D. Drainage Divide
A. As temperature increases, density
3161. A[n] tide occurs when the sun, Earth, stays the same.
and the moon are nearly in a line.
B. As temperature increases, density de-
A. spring creases.
B. high C. As temperature increases, density in-
C. low creases.
D. neap D. none of above

3162. If ‘age’ refers to total time since last 3166. What is polarity?
resident in the mixed layer, which of the A. Each water molecule attracts more
following water masses has the oldest than its fair share of electrons with the
age? oxygen end being negative and the hydro-
A. Central Water gen end being positive.
B. Eighteen Degree Mode water B. Each water molecule attracts more
C. North Atlantic Deep Water than its fair share of electrons with the
oxygen end being positive and the hydro-
D. Pacific Deep Water gen end being negative.
3163. Which of these is the least dense? 3167. Which of the following is NOT a biotic
A. Warm saltwater factor?
B. Warm freshwater A. Walrus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 346

B. Squid 3173. In 1418 Prince Henry founded a school


C. Salinity for what?

D. Algae A. Navigation
B. Trading
3168. Which of the following gases gets added
to seawater primarily by geological pro- C. Compass making
cesses? D. Diving
A. methane

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3174. Tides depend on the gravitational pull of
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen A. The Earth
D. argon B. Mars

3169. The distance that wind blows across C. The Moon


an area of the sea to generate waves is D. NASA
known as
3175. The average salinity of seawater is
A. wavelength
A. 35 ppt
B. fetch
B. 5-25 ppt
C. tide
C. less than 1 ppt
D. wave period.
D. 22 ppt
3170. In what ways does an ROV differ from
a DSV? 3176. The only type of crust that will subduct
if two plates converge is
A. ROVs are guided by computer pro-
grams. A. Oceanic

B. ROVs are attached to and controlled by B. Continental


another vessel. 3177. Which best describes the change in car-
C. ROVs are usually larger than DSVs. bon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere
D. None of these answers the question. since 1960:
A. There has been no change
3171. Permeable means
B. carbon dioxide levels have been drop-
A. things can pass through ping
B. the concentration levels are different C. carbon dioxide levels have been rising
C. it is permanent
D. things are stuck D. none of above

3172. Oceanic crust is formed at which type of 3178. At the equator warm air rises creating
plate boundary? a windless area known as the
A. Convergent A. doldrums
B. Divergent B. horse latitudes
C. Transform C. prevailing westerlies
D. All of the above D. polar easterlies

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 347

3179. The average density of continental crust 3183. A measure of how much mass is
is 2.8 g/cm3 and the average density of contained in a given unit of volume
oceanic crusts is 3.2 g/cm3. If these two (=mass/volume) is called:

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


plates came together, what would hap-
A. salinity
pen?
B. density
C. current
D. thermohaline

3184. Which areas of the ocean is most likely


to have the least accumulation of sedi-
ment?
A. The two plates would push apart and
A. Abyssal plain
form a rift zone.
B. Continental shelf
B. The oceanic plate would rise up over
the continental plate. C. Continental slope
C. The oceanic plate would sink under the D. Oceanic ridge
continental plate.
3185. Where does the salt in the oceans come
D. The two plates would meet head on from?
and rise up to form mountains.
A. Water dissolves minerals from rocks
3180. Earth is a layered sphere with the high- then rivers carry the salt to the ocean
est density material found near the center B. precipitation that falls in the ocean
of Earth and the lowest density material contains salt
located near the surface.
C. salt companies dump their left over
A. True salt in the ocean
B. False D. none of above

3181. How do warm-water currents affect the 3186. The most likely place to find abundant
coastal areas along which they flow? manganese nodules is on the
A. Cool the coast A. abyssal plain far from a continent
B. Warm the coast B. crest of a mid-ocean ridge
C. Cause snow to fall C. continental rise
D. Cause higher tides D. continental shelf

3182. The greatest amount of heat is moved 3187. What is an underwater mountain
away from the equator is by formed by a volcano?
A. density currents A. trench
B. surface currents B. rift zone
C. tectonic plates C. seamount
D. none of above D. mid ocean ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 348

3188. Select the answer choice that best de- 3192. The area between the continental slope
scribes the atmospheric layer where tem- and the ocean basin is the
peratures soar to 3, 500 ◦ F. A. continental shelf
A. Thermosphere B. continental rise
B. Mesosphere C. continental margin
C. Stratosphere D. continental slope
D. Troposphere

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3193. Why does ice float?
3189. Why does the top zone of the ocean A. As water freezes, it expands and its
have the most organisms in it? density decreases.

A. Photosynthesis is able to occur B. As water freezes, it takes up more hy-


drogen from the atmosphere, causing it to
B. They like it more have a greater buoyancy.
C. They all are benthic organisms C. As water freezes, air becomes trapped
D. They blend in better between the hydrogen bonds of water
molecules.
3190. As a result of the Coriolis effect in the D. As water freezes, it takes up more oxy-
northern hemisphere, winds always are gen from the atmosphere, causing it to
deflected have a greater buoyancy.
A. to the right of their original direction 3194. True of False:Magellan was the first
B. to the left of their original direction man to fully circumnavigate the globe
C. to the east of their original direction A. True

D. at a 45 degree angle from their origi- B. False


nal direction
3195. The Sun would be smaller and hotter
than all of the following stars EXCEPT a
3191. Which warm ocean current affects the
climate of Virginia?

A. Red giant
B. Red dwarf
A. Gulf Stream Current C. Supergiant
B. East Australian Current D. White dwarf
C. Pacific Current 3196. Thiscauses deep-ocean currents
D. African Current A. Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 349

B. Gyres 3201. is a flowing stream within the


C. Wind ocean.

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D. Density Differences A. continental shelf
B. continental slope
3197. These are thin, white, wispy strands of
clouds that streak across the sky. C. current

A. Cumulus D. waves

B. Cirrus 3202. The marianas trench is how deep (in


KM)
C. Altostratus
A. 5
D. Cloudy
B. 8
3198. WHAT FACTORS CAUSE CURRENTS DE-
C. 9
VELOP?
D. 11
A. STRONG STEADY WINDS
B. WARM AND COLD WATERS MEETING 3203. Which is the fiercest and most danger-
ous of all man-eating sharks?
C. SOFT GENTLE BREEZES
A. Whale Shark
D. EARTHQUAKES
B. White Shark
3199. What caused the separation of Earth
C. Jellyfish
into layers?
D. none of above
A. presence of water at the surface
B. gravitational force created by Earth’s 3204. What are the effects of a Spring Tide?
rotation A. very high tides & very low tides at half
C. differing densities of the rock and min- moons.
eral material B. Extra low tides at the full moon
D. decrease of temperature downward C. very high tides & very low tides at New
toward the core and Full moons.
3200. The distance from the trough (bottom) D. extra high tides at new moon
to the crest (top) of the wave is the
3205. Currents we can’t see that are below 1
kilometer to the bottom of the ocean are
called
A. deep
B. surface
C. divergent
D. convergent
A. wavelength
3206. A narrow funnel of rapidly swirling
B. frequency wind that begins in the clouds and
C. wave height stretches towards the ground.
D. wave period A. Tornado

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 350

B. Hurricane 3210. The pores of a sponge are called


C. Tsunami A. ostia
D. Lightning B. a kiss
C. choanocytes
3207. What is A?
D. cnidocytes

3211. What is the primary source of heat for

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the ocean surface?
A. Sunlight
B. Geothermal energy
C. Wind
D. Lightning
A. Evaporation
3212. Almost of the Earth is covered by
B. Condensation the Oceans:
C. Precipitation A. 1/8
D. Runoff B. 1/4
C. 1/2
3208. About how many hours pass as the
D. 3/4
Earth rotates from the 1 position to the
3 position? 3213. Contrast surface ocean plastic by mass
(tonnes) to plastic by particle count
recorded in the Mediterranean Sea.

A. 1 hour A. Third lowest mass but second lowest


B. 6 hours particle count
B. Fourth highest mass but lowest parti-
C. 12 hours
cle count
D. 24 hours C. Fourth lowest mass but lowest particle
count
3209. What is the vertical distance between
the crest and the trough on a wave? D. Third highest mass but second highest
particle count
A. Wave height
3214. Warmer climates in coastal areas that
B. Wavelength
would otherwise be much cooler may be
C. Tidal range created by
D. Tidal cycle A. cold-water currents.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 351

B. warm-water currents. 3220. How do conditions vary in Earth’s


oceans?
C. deep currents.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Varies in Salinity, Sodium, Depth
D. breaking currents.
B. varies in temperature, salinity, cal-
3215. How do plankton differ from nekton? cium

A. Plankton are strong swimmers. C. Varies in salinity, temperature and


depth.
B. Plankton are floaters.
D. varies in sonar, depth, temperature
C. Plankton are carnivores.
3221. Choose the correct option
D. Plankton live on the ocean bottom.

3216. Sound travels faster through sub-


stances
A. warmer
B. colder
C. less dense
A. Bearing Strait
D. denser B. Hudson Bay
3217. Which zone of the ocean is being de- C. Baffin Bay
scribed:the area where the land and ocean D. Labrador Sea
meet and overlap
3222. Relatively large crustacean that lives in
A. Oceanic Zone cold waters
B. Intertidal Zone A. krill shrimp
C. Neritic Zone B. spiny lobster
D. none of above C. copepod
D. Maine lobster
3218. The mantle is made up of heavy el-
ements 3223. In which province is Bituminous coal
mined?
A. 2
A. Valley and Ridge
B. 4 B. Appalachian Plateau
C. 6 C. Blue Ridge
D. 8 D. Coastal Plain

3219. Increased upwelling will increase: 3224. the open water area beyond the conti-
nental shelf
A. Productivity
A. oceanic zone
B. Decomposition B. tidal zone
C. Dissolved oxygen C. bahyal zone
D. Thermohaline circulation D. abyssal zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 352

3225. In general, continental shelves tend to lower temperature because the sun can-
be wider in the not penetrate its deep waters to warm it.
A. Pacific ocean, because its margins D. Feature F is a continental shelf, the
tend to be active. shallowest part of the ocean floor, while
Feature G is a deep ocean trench, the
B. Atlantic ocean, because its margins
deepest part of the ocean, which has more
tend to be active.
pressure than the continental shelf be-
C. Pacific ocean, because its margins cause there are more water molecules

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tend to be passive above it and a lower temperature because
D. Atlantic ocean, because its margins the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters
tend to be passive. to warm it.

3226. A student was studying the ocean floor 3227. Why is beach sediment typically quartz-
topography and began to question how rich sand?
pressure and temperature would differ at A. other minerals are not deposited on
each feature. What conclusions can she beaches
draw about ocean floor features F and G? B. quartz is the only mineral that can be
sand-sized
C. quartz is resistant to chemical weath-
ering
D. none of the above
A. Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, the 3228. Choose the correct option
shallowest part of the ocean floor, while
Feature G is an abyssal plain, the deepest
part of the ocean, which has more pres-
sure than the continental shelf because
there are more water molecules above it
and a lower temperature because the sun
cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm
it.
B. Feature F is an abyssal plain, the shal- A. Sea of Japan
lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea- B. Sea of Okhotsk
ture G is a mid-ocean ridge, the deepest
part of the ocean, which has more pres- C. South China Sea
sure than the ocean trench because there D. Tasman Sea
are more water molecules above it and a E. Yellow Sea
lower temperature because the sun can-
not penetrate its deep waters to warm it. 3229. Based on the topographical map, what
C. Feature F is an ocean trench, the shal- is the side profile of the landform?
lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea- A.
ture G is a continental shelf, the deepest B.
part of the ocean, which has more pres-
sure than the ocean trench because there C.
are more water molecules above it and a D.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 353

3230. The two main parts of a wave are 3235. Which of the following best explains the
A. Wavelengths and wave heights. effect of Earth’s rotation on winds and cur-
rents?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. Swells and whitecaps.
A. Winds and currents move in straight
C. Crests and troughs. paths, because the Earth’s rotation has no
D. Rises and dips. effect on winds and currents
B. Winds and currents move in curved
3231. Arrange the “average salinity” of the paths, because the Coriolis Effect causes
surface water of the sea from “highest to wind and water to deflect.
lowest”.
C. Winds and currents move in straight
paths, becausehe Coriolis Effect causes
wind and water to deflect.
D. Winds and currents move in curved
paths, because the Earth’s rotation has no
effect on winds and currents.

3236. What does ROV stand for?


A. 1 2 3
A. Repelling Operated voyager
B. 3 2 1
B. Remote Operated Vehicle
C. 1 3 2
C. Recumbent Oscillating Vehicle
D. 2 1 3
D. none of above
3232. What is the purpose of a dam? 3237. What is the sunlit upper layer of the
A. To stop water from flowing ocean known as?
B. To create a reservoir to be used for A. Epipelagic Zone
drinking, irrigation and electricity B. Mesopelagic Zone
C. For people to come visit C. Bathypelagic Zone
D. To make water flow D. Abyssopelagic Zone
3233. Abyss means 3238. A(n) is a type of coral reef that
A. no sunlight forms a ring of coral, but the island that
it once was attached to has been eroded
B. no organism away.
C. no bottom A. fringing reef
D. weird place B. barrier reef
3234. Charles Darwin led an expedition on the C. atoll
British warship named the D. None of the above
A. HMS Challenger
3239. Why are hydrothermal vents impor-
B. Golden Eagle tant?
C. FV Hot Tuna A. They´re just there
D. HMS Beagle B. TO SUPPORT THE ECOSYSTEM

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 354

C. One C. develop more modern coal powered


D. To eat food plants
D. use more efficient irrigation tech-
3240. What was significant about the Chal-
niques
lenger Expedition?
A. It was the first ship to circumnavigate 3245. What is the most abundant solid dis-
the globe solved (chemicals) in seawater?
B. It was the first time someone went all

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Magnesium Chloride (MgCl)
the way to the south pole
C. The Mid Atlantic Ridge and Mariana B. Calcium Chloride ( CaCl)
Trench were discovered C. Potassium Chloride (KCl)
D. The ship sunk in the ice but everyone
D. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
survived

3241. Place the following terms in order from 3246. Without plate tectonic movement we
smallest to largest area of coverage:sea, wouldn’t have mountains
ocean, bay. A. True
A. sea, ocean, bay
B. False
B. ocean, sea, bay
C. bay, ocean, sea 3247. Approximately how old is the earth?
D. bay, sea, ocean A. 4.5 million years
3242. The following are all unique characteris- B. 4.5 billion years
tics of a Karst aquifer except:
C. 5 billion years
A. limestone rock layers
D. 450, 000 years
B. underground caves
C. artesian wells 3248. A sediment of extraterrestrial origin is
D. sinkholes called a:

3243. What is the average grade level for stu- A. Biogenous Sediment
dents to understand this text? B. Cosmogenous Sediment
A. Grade 5
C. Hydrogenous Sediment
B. Grade 12
D. Terrigenous Sediment
C. Grade 8
D. Grade 10 3249. He was the first to do a successful
sounding from a depth of 6, 300 feet
3244. Which is the best way to conserve fresh-
water resources? A. John Ross
A. build more roads and highways for B. John Murray
cars and trucks
C. Prince Albert of Monaco
B. increase the amount of land used to
raise cattle D. Christopher Columbus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 355

3250. What is labeled (C) on the diagram 3255. Which of the following contains calcium
shown? carbonate (CaCO3)?

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A. Diatoms
B. Foraminiferans
C. Radiolarians
D. Phosphorites

3256. What ocean zone has the most diversity


A. Continental Shelf
A. Coral reefs
B. Continental Slope
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Continental Slope
C. Antarctic Ocean
D. Abyssal Plains
D. Indian Ocean
E. Mid-Ocean Ridge
3257. are sections of the oceans that are
3251. Salts dissolved in water increases the
more or less surrounded by land.
density of seawater to more than the den-
sity of freshwater. A. coves
A. true B. seas
B. false C. atolls

3252. High pressure systems are associated D. abyss


with:
3258. was known as his research on hy-
A. cool, cloudy weather drothermal vents and sunken ships.
B. warm weather with clear skies

3253. Scientists have divided the ocean into 5


main layers. The ocean layers are known
as ocean “zones” and extend from the
ocean’s surface to the deepest parts of the
ocean where light cannot penetrate.
A. True A. Range
B. False B. Cousteau

3254. Which of the following best describes C. Robert Ballard


the atomic structure of deuterium, the D. Sylvia Earle
“heavy water” molecule?
3259. Classify the organism:Jellyfish
A. Hydrogen atoms with only one proton
A. Porifera
B. Hydrogen atoms with two protons
B. Cnidarian
C. Hydrogen atoms with one proton and
one neutron C. Mollusk
D. Hydrogen atoms with only one neutron D. Crustacean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 356

3260. Ocean acidification is related to B. Natural Recovery


A. climate change C. Bioremediation
B. human impact D. Manual Labor
C. fossil fuels E. Dispersants
D. all of the above
3266. Is the Atlantic Ocean the largest ocean
3261. Oceanic Crust is and dense. in the world?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Thicker; more
B. Thicker:less
C. Thinner:more
D. Thinner; less

3262. How are the sun, earth, and moon ar-


ranged during a Spring Tide?
A. In a Straight Line
B. At a Right Angle (90 degrees)
C. Diagonally A. Yes
D. At a 45 degree angle B. No
3263. The seafloor magnetic pattern is best de- 3267. Specialized mouth parts in crustaceans:
scribed as
A. Cephalothoraxs
A. parallel to, but not symmetric about
mid-ocean ridges B. Shells
B. parallel to and symmetric about mid- C. Swimmerets
ocean ridges D. Maxillipeds
C. perpendicular to, but not symmetric
about mid-ocean ridges 3268. The place where new ocean floor forms
D. perpendicular to and symmetric about is called the
mid-ocean ridges A. mid ocean ridge
3264. What is the salinity of fresh water? (in B. abyssal plain
parts per thousand) C. trench
A. 5 PPT (Parts per thousand) on average D. continental shelf
B. 1 PPT (Parts per thousand) on average
3269. An organism in the ocean that is benthic
C. 0 PPT (Parts per thousand) on average
would be found
D. None of these answer choices
A. In the open ocean
3265. What answer choice best describes the
B. In the deep, dark ocean
oil cleanup method is economically viable
for cleaning up shorelines? C. On ocean trash
A. Chemical Stabilization by Elastomizers D. On the bottom

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 357

3270. :Measures the specific gravity (rel- A. deep ocean


ativedensity) of liquids.
B. hydrothermal vents

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C. intertidal zone
D. none of above

3274. The four major rivers of Virginia are


A. The Susquehanna, Potomac, York and
James
A. Thermometer
B. The Potomac, Rappahannock, York and
B. Salinity meter
James
C. Hydrometer
C. The Potomac, Anacostia, York and
D. Divining Rod James
3271. Hermit crab is a scientific name. D. The Potomac, Anacostia, Susquehanna
A. TRUE and York
B. FALSE
3275. What should you wear in a lab
3272. Which of the following factors affect the
salinity of the ocean? A. Apron
A. run off from fresh water source B. Open toe shoes
B. evaporation C. Skirt
C. volcanic activity
D. none of above
D. plate tectonics
Explanation:The salinity of the ocean is
3276. Some seabirds migrate as much as 16,
affected by factors such as run off from
000 km from one polar region to the other,
fresh water sources, evaporation, and vol-
and may never experience a polar winter.
canic activity. Fresh water run off dilutes
the salt concentration, while evaporation A. True
increases it. Volcanic activity can release
B. False
minerals and salts into the ocean, altering
its salinity. Plate tectonics, on the other
hand, does not directly influence ocean 3277. In the Southern hemisphere, hurricanes
salinity. typically travel in a direction.

3273. Which ocean zone does this image be-


long to?

A. clockwise
B. counterclockwise

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 358

3278. What are the periodic rise and fall of sea 3283. Sailed the tip of Africa and discovered
level? Indian trade routes.
A. Tides A. Basque da Gama
B. Waves B. Jacques Cousteau
C. Currents C. Jacques Cartier
D. Salinity D. Robert Bartlett

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3279. What level of beaufort scale is Wind mo- 3284. One of Mr. Wenger’s favorite things to
tion visible in smoke. eat from the ocean is
A. calm A. bbq chicken
B. light air B. sushi
C. light breeze C. cheeseburgers
D. gentle breeze D. pizza
3280. Waves that never actually break or 3285. Which of the following is a good way to
form crests and are often found ‘out at conserve water at home?
sea’ are called
A. taking long showers
A. Dumpers
B. washing the car on a sunny afternoon
B. Plunging waves
C. running the dishwasher for your fa-
C. Surging Waves vorite bowl
D. Spilling Waves
D. washing the car on a cloudy day
3281. is the lowest tidal range and occurs
3286. El Nino is where surface water temper-
when Earth, and the Moon, and the Sun
atures are
form a right angle.
A. Cooler
A. Spring Tide
B. Warmer
B. Neap Tide
C. more dense
3282. What is the tidal frequency shown in
purple on the diagram below? D. less dense

3287. Mantle
A. 2nd layer
B. mostly solid
C. made of rock (iron and magnesium)
D. uppermost mantle cooler and more
rigid like the crust
A. Diurnal 3288. A Current that travels from the Equator
B. Mixed to the Poles is a classified as a current.
C. Semidiurnal A. Warm
D. none of above B. Cold

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 359

3289. The is located in the North Pole. B. Precipitation


A. Antarctic Ocean C. runoff

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B. Southern Ocean D. infiltration
C. Arctic Ocean 3294. When we looked at the anatomy of a
D. Indian Ocean ROV, one of the following is NOT a com-
ponent.
3290. Which statements are true about the
ocean? A. Light Source
B. Tether / Cable
A. The temperature of the ocean water is
different depending on location. C. Propellers
B. The Gulf Stream travels mainly on the D. Camera
bottom of the ocean floor. E. Hydro-generated Power Source
C. The salinity of the ocean water is the
3295. Too much carbon in the ocean causes it
same everywhere.
to be
D. The depth of the ocean floor varies.
A. Too dense
3291. What answer choice best fits the per- B. Acidic
centage of protein in human diet that
C. Warmer
comes from the ocean?
D. Smelly
A. 4
B. 10 3296. What are the three main groups of Mol-
lusks?
C. 18
A. Gastropods
D. 34
B. Cephalopods
3292. 2 high and 2 lows of unequal range at C. Annelids
6 hrs. and 12 1/2 minutes apart ex:west
coast of U.S. D. Myriapods
A. semi diurnal E. Bivalves
B. mixed 3297. During which time span was the Chal-
C. diurnal lenger Mission asail?

D. none of above A. 1700-1720


B. 1872-1876
3293. What phase is #6
C. 1410-1412
D. 890-895
3298. Why is nonpoint-source pollution diffi-
cult to trace?
A. It is easily identified.
B. It comes from one specific source.
C. It is less harmful than other kinds of
A. Evaporation pollution.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 360

D. It comes from many sources rather C. Seamount


than one. D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
3299. The lowest point on a transverse wave 3303. How many high tides and low tides are
is the there in a day?
A. Peak A. one each
B. Trough B. two each
C. Resting Position

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. three each
D. Rarefaction D. four each
E. Compression
3304. A possible explanation or solution to a
3300. Earth’s Oceans carry more than just wa- problem.
ter. They carry matter (good and bad) and A. observation
energy all over the globe.
B. hypothesis
C. conclusion
D. theory

3305. What type of Plate Boundary has the


most explosive earthquakes, volcanoes,
and tsunamis?
A. Transform Boundary
A. True
B. Convergent Boundary
B. False
C. Divergent Boundary
3301. Which number represents an ocean
D. Pacific Ring of Fire
trench?
3306. What part of the ocean floor would be
most affected by sea level change?
A. abyssal plain
B. continental shelf
C. continental slope
D. trench
A. 1
3307. Today, most of the coal is used to:
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

3302. A long, flat almost level area found at


the bottom of the ocean is
A. Abyssal Plains
B. Convection Current A. power steamships and steam trains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 361

B. heat homes and businesses C. 28 days


C. produce electricity D. 4 days

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D. make iron and steel
3314. Base your answer on the graph below.
3308. The region of the beach above the high The graph shows the recorded change in
tide line, which is only submerged during water level (ocean tides) at a coastal city
unusually high wave conditions. in the northeastern United States during 1
A. backshore day.According to the pattern shown on the
B. foreshore graph, the next high tide will occur on the
following day at approximately
C. nearshore
D. offshore

3309. The high temperature of Earth’s interior


is due to which process?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radioactive decay
D. tectonics

3310. Upwelling along the western Pacific cre- A. 12:30am


ates: B. 2:00am
A. Smaller food webs
C. 3:15am
B. Poor fishing conditions
D. 4:00am
C. Productive oceans
D. none of above 3315. Deep ocean currents are caused by-
3311. What is the name of the pollutant where A. underwater earthquakes
the source is unknown?
B. human influence
A. Point Source
C. gravitational pull of the sun and moon
B. Non-Point Source
on the Earth
3312. The main cause of tides is D. density differences of water
A. differences in water density
B. the prevailing winds 3316. Which of the following is a broad flat
portion of the deep-ocean basin covered
C. the Coriolis effect
with mud and sediment?
D. gravity
A. Continental shelf
3313. How many days pass between one
B. Abyssal Plain
spring tide and the following neap tide?
A. 7 days C. Mid-ocean ridges
B. 14 days D. Seamounts

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 362

3317. What is the lithosphere? 3321. Bathyscaphe:A free-diving deep-sea


with a crew of 2-3 people.
A. Layer of the crust responsible for form-
ing volcanoes and earthquakes A. platform
B. Layer of the mantle responsible for B. submarine
convection currents C. tank
C. Layer of the mantle responsible for D. suit
forming volcanoes and earthquakes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3322. having the same charged ends of a
D. Layer of the crust responsible for con- molecule
vection currents
A. nonpoint source
3318. Most freshwater enters the atmosphere B. nonpolar
when water evaporates from
C. insoluble
A. oceans
D. aquifer
B. large lakes
3323. True or False:Seaweed and barnacles se-
C. surface soil crete a type of glue as an adaptation to the
D. plants rocky intertidal zones.
A. True
3319. is when two or more ocean currents
split at the surface. B. False

A. deep 3324. Identify the current labelled C in the fig-


ure.
B. surface
C. divergent
D. convergent

3320. Penguin’s black and white plumage

A. South Atlantic Current


B. South Indian Current
C. South Pacific Current
D. Western Australian Current
E. West Wind Drift (Antarctic Circumpo-
lar Current)

3325. The California current is


A. serves as camouflage while swimming A. cold
B. attracts the female B. warm
C. protects them from ultraviolet light C. they do not exist
D. none of above D. made of avocados

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 363

3326. Too many greenhouse gasses in the at- C. Alexander the Great
mosphere may block heat from escaping D. King Edward VIII
into space and trap too much heat next to

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the Earth’s surface causing 3331. What is the most abundant salt in ocean
water?
A. another ice age
A. carbon dioxide
B. earthquakes
B. sodium chloride
C. volcanic eruptions
C. hydrogen peroxide
D. global warming
D. calcium carbonate
3327. Water movement parallel to shore is
called 3332. Which of the following is TRUE of deep
sea ecosystems?
A. Longshore bar
A. Contain high levels of oxygen due to
B. upwelling high levels of photosynthesis
C. longshore current B. The average temperature is about 60
D. rip current degrees
C. Subjected to pressure that is up to
3328. Area of the ocean that begins at the
1000 times greater than at the ocean sur-
shoreline and extends under the ocean
face
A. Ocean Trench D. Minerals and nutrients are widely
B. Abyssal Plain abundant
C. Continental Slope 3333. Which of the following is the correct def-
D. Continental Shelf inition of a spring tide?
A. the least difference between high and
3329. The Gulf Stream is a water current
low tides with the sun, moon, and earth
along the East Coast of the United States
creating a 90 degree angle.
A. Cold
B. the least difference between high and
B. Warm low tides with the sun, moon, and earth
C. Brackish being in a straight line.
D. Tide C. the biggest difference between high
and low tides with the sun, moon, and
3330. Who used a diving chamber to watch earth creating a 90 degree angle
and conquer ancient wars? D. the biggest difference between high
and low tides with the sun, moon, and
earth being in a straight line
3334. What technology was used to explore
the Mariana Trench
A. Sonar
B. Satellite
A. Matthew Maurey C. Deep-Sea Drilling
B. Jacques Cousteau D. Underwater Vessel

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 364

3335. The benthic zones of the ocean floor are 3340. Which area below would have the low-
also know as est salinity?
A. The water in the ocean A. a warm, tropical ocean
B. The bottom of the ocean B. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
C. The waves of the ocean C. the area where a large river flows into
the ocean
D. The currents of the ocean.
D. the cold Arctic Ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3336. Which of the following was not a ship 3341. If you are not sure what to do during a
of Captain James Cook’s? lab activity:
A. Adventure A. guess
B. Discovery B. change lab partners
C. Endeavour C. ask a teacher
D. Resolution D. just sit quietly and do nothing

3337. What type of front is shown? 3342. Where can brackish water most likely
be found?
A. where rivers and lakes meet
B. where rivers and ocean meet
C. where ponds and creeks meet
D. where streams and lakes meet

3343. The measure of the amount of salt in the


A. Warm Front ocean is-
B. Cold Front A. phytoplankton
C. Occluded Front B. salinity
D. Stationary Front C. currents
D. pressure
3338. True/False:Warm currents bring warm
water towards the poles. 3344. Using fossil fuels is a safe for the envi-
ronment.
A. True
A. True
B. False
B. False
3339. Which describes the oceanic zone?
3345. What name is given to large, destruc-
A. It can host organisms that can live in tive waves caused by underwater earth-
and out of the water. quakes and volcanoes?
B. It is the deepest part of the ocean. A. Spring tide
C. It can be quite shallow. B. Longshore current

D. It has enough sunlight for photosyn- C. Tsunami


thesis. D. Swell

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 365

3346. The following are the oceans according B. continental shelves


to size C. abyssal plains

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A. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarc- D. continental slopes
tic
B. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic, Antarc- 3351. Which biome is characterized by low
tic temperatures and low amounts of rain-
fall?
C. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Antarctic, Arc-
tic A. tundra
D. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, Arc- B. desert
tic C. temperate deciduous forest
3347. The heat required to vaporize a sub- D. tropical rain forest
stance is known as
3352. As ice caps melt, sea levels
A. Latent heat of fusion
A. rise
B. Latent heat of vaporization
B. lower
C. Thermal Inertia
3353. These are small/microscopic marine an-
D. none of above
imals
3348. During an El Nino, trade winds are typi- A. Detritus
cally
B. Zooplankton
A. about average
C. Phytoplankton
B. stronger
C. weaker
D. none of above
D.
3349. What is the carbon cycle?
A. The natural process in which carbon
goes from the atmosphere to plants, to or-
ganisms, to fossil fuels and back to the at- E. Krill
mosphere.
3354. is the tendency to resist tempera-
B. The process of an organism converting ture changes.
food into energy and into carbon.
A. Thermal interia
C. Carbon being recycled within the
ocean only. B. Lateral interior

D. Carbon being recycled within the atmo- C. Longitude Heat


sphere only. D. Pugplayfetch
E. All of the above. 3355. Based on diameter, the largest sediment
3350. are flat areas of sea floor formed is the:
when valleys are filled in with sediment. A. Boulder
A. mid ocean ridges B. Cobble

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 366

C. Pebble 3361. What is the name of this tool?


D. Granule
E. Silt

3356. Transitional layer of the ocean character-


ized by rapidly decreasing temperatures
with depth

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. salinity
B. oceanography
C. thermocline A. Secchi Disk
D. none of above B. Hydrophone
3357. When did oceans form on Earth? C. Bottom Grab Sampler
D. Hydrometer
A. 4.5 billion years ago
B. 3.9 billion years ago 3362. Which of the following deals with
sound?
C. 2.8 billion years ago
A. NOAA
D. 2023
B. SCUBA
3358. Underwater volcanoes are known as C. SONAR
D. ROV
A. seamounts
3363. How many heterotrophs are shown in
B. guyots this food web?
C. nekton
D. sonar

3359. The largest Coral Reef in the world, the


Great Barrier Reef is located near what
country? A. 6
A. South Afria B. 7
B. Australia C. 9
C. Vietnam D. 3
D. Belize 3364. Phytoplankton
3360. Area of no wind at the equator A. are at the top of the marine food chain.

A. easterlies B. produce 80-90% of the world’s carbon


dioxide.
B. westerlies
C. produce 80-90% of the world’s oxygen.
C. cow latitudes
D. include copepods, dinoflagellates and
D. doldrums mud whip worms.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 367

3365. What did the Vikings do? 3369. Temperature and salinity affect the
A. established temporary settlement in of water.

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North America A. none of the other choices
B. led voyage that first used the marine B. wave speed
chronometer
C. depth
C. first determined Earth’s circumfer-
ence D. density
D. mapped world with Roman knowledge 3370. A small stream or river feeding into the
at the time main river is known as
3366. What do we call tides that have a A. Confluence
smaller range that happen when the sun
B. Source
and moon are at right angles to each
other? C. Tributary
A. Neap Tide D. Mouth
B. Spring Tide
3371. Process by which food (glucose) is made
C. Larger Change by bacteria using chemicals as the energy
D. Smaller Change source, rather than sunlight.

3367. area in a body of water that extends A. Photosynthesis


to a maximum depth of 200 meters and B. Chemosynthesis
where enough sunlight penetrates to allow
C. Chlorophyll Plastic
photosynthesis to take place.
D. Enzymic

3372. How does SONAR work?


A. Light is transmitted to the ocean floor,
bounces back, and speed is recorded
B. Light is transmitted to the ocean floor,
bounces back, and time is recorded
A. aphotic zone C. Sound is transmitted to the ocean
B. photic zone floor, bounces back, and speed is
C. oceanography recorded

D. abyssal plain D. Sound is transmitted to the ocean


floor, bounces back, and time is recorded
3368. It is thought that cetaceans produce a
mental “ picture” of objects using echolo- 3373. Which ocean surrounds Antarctica?
cation sounds, since they can recognize ob- A. Southern
jects by sight previously only sensed by
sound. B. Indian
A. True C. Pacific
B. False D. Atlantic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 368

3374. Low, narrow, sandy islands that form B. prevailing westerlies


offshore from a coastline. C. the doldrums
A. Longshore Transport D. polar easterlies
B. Continental Shelf
3379. extends from the low tide line to the
C. Beach depth where wave action is no longer in-
D. Barrier Islands fluenced by the bottom
A. backshore

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3375. A circular ocean current found with
ocean basins is called a B. foreshore
C. nearshore
A. Gyre
D. offshore
B. Upwelling
C. Spirals 3380. group of organisms associated by com-
plex set of feeding relationships, flow of
D. Current food energy goes from primary producers
3376. About how many high and low ocean through consumers
tides are there each day? A. food
A. 1 B. food web
B. 2 C. energy
C. 5 D. kingdom
D. 8 3381. Fresh water is more or less dense than
Ocean water
3377. In what process is Carbon transformed
A. Less
into chemical energy?
B. More
3382. Since caves are supported by the water
table, what will form if the water table
decreases below the level of the cave?
A. a vertical shaft
B. a dripstone
C. a disappearing stream
D. a sinkhole
3383. Compared with surface currents, deep
currents are
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Primary Production
D. Secondary Production

3378. The area of calmness and almost wind-


less is called
A. horse latitudes A. colder and less dense.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 369

B. warmer and less dense. B. In warm water with little sunlight


C. warmer and denser. C. In cold water with a lot of sunlight

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D. colder and denser. D. In warm water with a lot of sunlight

3384. Chemicals may be stored in water for 3389. Which environment are you most likely
long periods of time. to find marine mammals?
A. True A. abyssal
B. False B. sublittoral
C. rocky shore
3385. What factor(s) affect the density of wa-
ter? D. pelagic

A. Salinity and Temperature 3390. Rivers are larger, deeper and flow
than streams.
B. Wind and Weather
A. slower
C. Location of Continents
B. faster
D. The Coriolis Effect Coriolis
3391. Which choice accurately describes the
3386. This is the symbol for event that created the Chesapeake Bay?
A. 35 mya a super volcano erupted on the
East Coast.
B. 35 mya a meteor collided with the
Earth and formed a massive crater.
C. 50, 000 years ago a giant earth quake
created a giant sink hole that filled with
water.
D. 20, 000 years ago glaciers receded
leaving behind one of the largest kettle
A. wavelength lakes ever.
B. frequency 3392. Which of the following choices describes
C. wave speed Mars?
D. amplitude A. Terrestrial, atmosphere, two moons
B. Terrestrial, no atmosphere, no moons
3387. The Asthenosphere is part of the upper
mantle and is made of solid rock where the C. Terrestrial, atmosphere, no moons
extreme pressure and heat cause the rocks D. Terrestrial, atmosphere, one moon
to flow like a liquid.
3393. Any nonliving component of an environ-
A. True ment.
B. False A. biotic
3388. When do phytoplankton make the most B. photic
oxygen? C. abiotic
A. In cold water with little sunlight D. aphotic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 370

3394. Which sea turtle is one of the the largest 3398. Long undersea mountain chain
of hard-shelled sea turtles, eats mostly A. seamounts chain
seagrasses and algae, is a circumglobal
species (found around the world except po- B. mid-ocean ridge
lar regions), nests in over 80 countries, C. abyssal plain
and lives in the coastal areas of more than D. continental slope
140 countries?
A. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle 3399. was known for being the first to cir-
cumnavigate the globe.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Leatherback Sea Turtle
C. Loggerhead Sea Turtle
D. Green Sea Turtle
3395. What are all the traits for deep sea crea-
tures’ eyes?
A. large
B. small
C. sensitive A. Matthew Maury

D. tubular B. Ferdinand Magellan

E. crossed C. Basque da Gama


D. Jacques Cousteau
3396. Where do hurricanes that affect the US
east coast generally generate from? 3400. Who does the phytoplankton pass its
A. Asia energy to?
B. Australia
C. Africa
D. India
E. Greenland
3397. When looking at a satellite map of ed-
dies, the cold-core eddies are more likely
to have A. zooplankton
B. humpback whale
C. killer whale
D. small fish

3401. Things are layered according to their


density
A. downwellings A. Density stratification
B. upwelling B. Density layering
C. very few nutrients C. Density flux
D. very little dissolved oxygen D. Densodependence

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 371

3402. Underwater avalanches of muddy wa- B. Movements of water flowing horizon-


ter mixed with rocks and debris are tally in the upper part of the ocean’s sur-
face caused by winds.

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A. turbidity currents
C. Less dense water flowing from the
B. white smokers
equator towards the poles near the sur-
C. deep sea fans face.
D. black smokers D. Denser currents that flow from the
poles towards the equator and sink to the
3403. These deadly, large waves are often bottom.
caused by oceanic earthquakes, landslides,
or volcanic eruptions. 3407. Which currents are considered warm cur-
rents?
A. tidal waves
A. west australian
B. rogue waves
B. south equatorial
C. sharks
C. canary
D. tsunamis
D. east australian
3404. This is the zone where the water is con-
3408. What is the main abiotic factor that will
stantly changing.
determine the location of a reef?
A. Neritic
A. light
B. Intertidal B. depth
C. Oceanic C. salinity
D. Abyssal D. temperature
3405. The diagram shows an organism that 3409. In 1865, the first personal underwater
lives in the ocean.What is true about the breathing system, called the Aerophore,
organism shown? was invented. A much improved ver-
sion was developed in 1943 that today is
known as
A. a diving bell
B. a moon pod
C. scuba
D. an ROV
A. It is algae.
3410. Most coastlines around the world expe-
B. It is benthos. rience (a) low tides a day on most days.
C. It is nekton. A. a two (2)
D. It is plankton. B. one (1)
3406. What are warm currents? C. three (3)

A. The movement of energy through a D. four (4)


body of water. E. no

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 372

3411. One of the following is NOT one of the C. Early Earth conditions
reasons we observe the ocean.
D. Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
A. We can improve national and home-
land security 3415. Currents influence climate by transfer-
B. We can improve predictions of climate ring
change A. salt
C. We can improve in the areas of emer-
B. water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
gency management
D. We can improve oil drill and response C. fish

E. We can improve weather conditions D. heat

3412. What 2 things are Niskin bottles used 3416. What is an adaptation?
for to study and record?
A. A trait that increases the survival of an
A. water temperature organism.
B. water populations
B. A trait that an organism acquires with-
C. water sounds out genetic influence.
D. water pressure C. A choice made by humans about what
organisms breed for advantageous traits.
3413. In which of these areas of an ocean
would you expect to find the greatest
amount of nutrients and marine organ- D. none of above
isms?
A. a beach 3417. Identify letter “D”
B. the abyssal plain
C. the continental shelf
D. mid-ocean ridge

3414. The apparatus in this experiment was


used to mimic what?

A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope
C. Continental Rise
D. Continental break
E. Turbidity current

Explanation:
A. Proteins
B. Present Earth conditions

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 373

3418. What is Salinity 3422. Which ocean is this?


A. The amount of dissolved solids in the

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water
B. The amount of salt in the water
C. The rapid temperature change as you
go deeper in water
D. none of above
A. Arctic
3419. The curving of moving objects from a B. Pacific
straight path due to the Earth’s rotation
C. Indian
is called
D. Atlantic

3423. Which of the following best describes


the movement of heat energy in the global
ocean?
A. Heat energy is transported to the
equator from the continents.
B. Heat energy in deep currents is trans-
ported to the ocean’s surface.
C. Heat energy in warm surface currents
A. a continental deflection. is transported to areas near Earth’s poles.
D. Heat energy is transported from areas
B. the Coriolis effect.
of lower temperature to areas of higher
C. a pressurized deflection. temperature.
D. a rotational deflection. 3424. What is the El Nino Southern Oscilla-
tion?
3420. Which of the following is found at a de-
positional shore? A. Every 2-7 years the surface waters
on the eastern Pacific become warmer
A. seawalls
than normal during December, January, &
B. relocation February
C. beach replenishment B. Every 2-7 years the surface waters
on the eastern Pacific become colder
D. none of above
than normal duringDecember, January, &
3421. Which of the following currents brings February
cold water from the north polar region and 3425. Squids move by
is a part of the North Pacific Gyre?
A. walking/creeping on their tentacles
A. California Current
B. shortening and lengthening their ten-
B. Gulf Stream tacles
C. Kuroshio Current C. jet propulsion
D. Agulhas Current D. fins

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 374

3426. The thermocline graph shows that as 3429. Rain causes dissolved minerals to move
depth increases, temperature from lakes to the ocean.
A. Decreases A. True
B. Increases B. False

C. Stays the same 3430. Select all of the correct characteristics


for Layer B.
D. none of above
A. Coldest ocean Layer

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3427. tendency of molecules of the same kind B. called the thermocline
to stick to one another
C. warmest ocean layer
D. This zone has no sunlight

3431. Which of these types of vessels can


cover the most territory in a given amount
of time?
A. AUV
B. DSV
C. HMS
D. ROV

3432. Human activity can lead to (select all


that apply)
A. cohesion A. ocean acidification
B. adhesion B. ocean pollution
C. solution C. oil spills
D. polar molecule D. none of above

3428. The area around the pacific plate where 3433. Types of cloud develop on clear, sunny
boundaries form is called days when the sun heats the ground di-
rectly below (diurnal convection).
A. Cumulus
B. Stratus
C. Stratocumulus
D. Altocumulus

3434. A florist places a bouquet of white car-


A. death ring nations in water containing blue dye. Af-
B. fire zone ter a time, the flowers turn blue. What
process helped the carnations to change
C. ring of fire color?
D. zone of fire A. Specific heat

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 375

B. Surface tension B. The melting ice increases the salinity


C. Cohesion and adhesion of water of the ocean water.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


molecules 3440. What is this animal’s name?
D. Formation of covalent bonds between
hydrogen and oxygen molecules

3435. The imaginary plane that extends from


the sun to the Earth and beyond is called
the plane of the
A. Organic
B. Constellation
C. Ecliptic A. Whale shark
D. Zodiac B. White shark
C. Baby shark you you you you you
3436. The DSV used by Woods Hole and
owned by the Navy was built for D. none of above
A. research 3441. Which ocean resource is currently NOT
B. collecting minerals economically profitable to mine?
C. oil exploration A. salts
D. rescue B. manganese nodules

3437. Which ocean zone contains 90% of C. sand


plant and animal life? D. gravel
A. Abyssal Zone 3442. Semi-diurnal tides means there is
B. Sunlight Zone
A. 1 high tide, 1 low tide
C. Midnight Zone
B. 1 high tide, 2 low tides
D. Twilight Zone
C. 2 high tides, 1 low tide
3438. The mapping of the bottom features of D. 2 high tides, 2 low tides
lakes and oceans is known as
3443. While searching for timber, discovered
A. Oceanography
Vineland (Newfoundland) on the North
B. Limnology American continent around 1000 A.D
C. Meteorology A. Cosmas
D. Bathymetry B. Leif Erikson
3439. An iceberg breaks off of a glacier and C. Christopher Columbus
floats into the ocean. In the ocean, the ice- D. Venerable Bede
berg begins to melt. Which temporary ef-
fect does this melting have on ocean water 3444. What is the name given to the location
in the immediate area of the iceberg? where fresh water from a river meets the
A. The melting ice reduces the salinity of salt water from the ocean?
the ocean water. A. inlet

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 376

B. channel
C. barrier island
D. estuary

3445. Coral reefs


A. can be found at latitudes about 60 de-
grees

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. form when underwater volcanoes are
thrust upward during tectonic event A. USS Constitution
C. includes atolls, barrier, and fringing B. HMS Challenger
reefs C. HMS Beagle
D. are most common in deep and cold sub- D. USS Salem
tropical basins
3449. Which of the following are hydrogenous
3446. Which of the following is important in sediments?
accumulating and removing sands that re- A. evaporites
sult in shifting barrier islands?
B. tektites
A. rip currents
C. quartz
B. longshore currents
D. oil
C. tides
3450. Why is the salinity levels higher in the
D. geostrophic currents Mediterranean Ocean?
3447. The ability of water molecules to stick A. precipitation
to each other, creating surface tension is B. evaporation
called:
C. volcanoes
D. deposition

3451. the gently sloping section of the conti-


nental margin located between the conti-
nental slope and the abyssal plain
A. Continental Shelf
B. Continental Rise
A. Cohesion C. Continental Slope

B. Adhesion D. none of above

C. Insulation 3452. The average ocean salinity is


D. Ph A. 35%
B. 3.5%
3448. Charles Darwin set sail in 1831 on the
; this ship’s purpose was to map coast- C. 5%
lines. D. 10%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 377

3453. In which scenario is biomagnification 3458. How are winter waves described?
most likely to occur within an aquatic food
A. Long, low, and build up beaches.
web?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. Long, low, and carry sand away from
A. High nutrient levels promoting algal
beaches.
blooms
C. Short, high, and build up beaches.
B. Efficient recycling of organic matter in
sediments D. Short, high, and carry sand away from
beaches.
C. Presence of contaminants with low
lipid solubility
3459. What is the difference between the At-
D. Consumption of smaller organisms by lantic and the Pacific ocean?
larger predators
A. The density of two bodies of water
3454. Since 1997 has been used to study B. No difference
phytoplankton, zooplankton, and krill in
the Gulf of Maine and the Southern Ocean 3460. As oceans become deeper, the water
around Antarctica pressure
A. Challenger A. increases
B. BIOMAPER B. decreases
C. Trieste C. stays the same
D. Alvin D. none of above
3455. In aquatic ecosystems, biomass is least 3461. Which of these is the most dense?
at which trophic level?
A. Warm saltwater
A. autotrophs
B. Warm freshwater
B. herbivores
C. Cold saltwater
C. carnivores
D. Cold freshwater
D. none of above
3462. What can cause a decrease in salinity?
3456. Underwater Volcanoes and Mountains?
A. evaporation
A. Seamounts or Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Mountain Ridge B. freezing

C. Coastal Plains C. condensation

D. Abyssal Plains D. precipitation

3457. Which tool would be best to monitor 3463. Which technological advance can map
ocean currents? the ocean floor from space?
A. floats A. SONAR
B. subs B. Satellite
C. side scan sonar C. Submersible
D. none of above D. underwater digital imagery

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 378

3464. The place where the fresh water and 3469. Plate Tectonics have nothing to do with
salt water meet is called earthquakes
A. brackish water A. True
B. salty water B. False

C. ocean water 3470. Where does the majority of plastic


waste end up?
D. bracket water
A. Oceans

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3465. Which ocean is known for its strong B. Burned for energy
and persistent currents, including the Gulf C. Landfills
Stream?
D. Recycled
A. Atlantic Ocean
3471. What will happen to the salinity if there
B. Indian Ocean is a lot of rainfall?
C. Southern Ocean A. It will decrease (become less salty)
D. Pacific Ocean B. It will increase (become more salty)
C. Nothing
3466. What is a sign that a hurricane is getting
stronger? D. none of above
A. Pressure is decreasing, wind speed is 3472. During a flood, what would happen to
increasing the zone of aeration?
B. Pressure is decreasing, wind speed is A. decreases
decreasing B. increases
C. Pressure is increasing, wind speed is C. stays the same
increasing D. completely dry
D. Pressure is increasing, wind speed is 3473. The gently sloping underwater surface
decreasing extending from the shoreline
3467. When is the oceanography unit test? A. Seamounts
A. Today B. Continential Shelf
C. Continental Rise
B. Tuesday
D. Continental Slope
C. Thursday
3474. is the process by which water on
D. Friday
the ground surface enters the soil rate
3468. Which prevailing winds influence the in soil science is a measure of the rate at
Gulf Stream Current? which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irri-
gation.
A. Westerlies
A. Infiltration
B. North East Tradewinds B. Percolation
C. The Polar Easterlies C. Deposition
D. none of above D. Condensation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 379

3475. What is it called when plants give off 3479. What body of water was affected by
water vapor as a waste product? the Deep Water Horizon oil spill

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. condensation
B. evaporation A. Pacific Ocean
C. sublimation B. Chattahoochee River
D. transpiration C. Gulf of Mexico
3476. MOST sealife lives in the: D. Buffalo Creek

3480. Which zone only reached down 200 me-


ters?

A. Sunlight (Photic) zone


B. Twilight zone
C. Midnight zone
D. Deep zone A. Hadalpelagic
3477. What is rain that is NOT absorbed into B. Abyssopelagic
the ground and moves across Earth’s sur-
face? C. Mesopelagic
A. runoff D. Epipelagic
B. precipitation
3481. How did the Moon form?
C. condensation
A. The Moon formed due to the impact of
D. accumulation a Mars-sized body with the Earth.
3478. Which wave has a greater frequency? B. The moon was captured by the gravita-
tional pull of the Earth.
C. The Moon erupted from the Earth leav-
ing a scar at the Pacific Ocean
A. wave B D. The Moon formed at the same time as
B. wave C the Earth due to simultaneous accretion.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 380

3482. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an- 3486. Low pressure areas are associated with
swer choice best describes the Egyptian- A. extremely strong winds
Greek philosopher the map in the image
B. clear skies and no precipitation
at around 150 CE? (From Chapter 1.2)
C. cool air sinking and drying out
D. clouds and precipitation
3487. A device enclosed in an underwater
housing used for taking photographic ev-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
idence in the ocean.
A. AUV
B. ROV
A. Phoenicians
C. Side Scan Sonar
B. Eratosthenes
D. Underwater Camera
C. Claudius Ptolemy
3488. Micrometeorites are an example of
D. Vikings which of the following sediment types?
E. Pytheas A. Biogenous Sediment
3483. Deep ocean technology has discovered B. Hydrogenous Sediment
organisms in hydrothermal vents that do C. Lithogenous Sediment
not rely on sunlight to survive. What D. Cosmogenous Sediment
do these organisms use as their energy
source? E. Terrigenous Sediment

A. chemosynthesis 3489. What is one way we depend on the


oceans?
B. electrical charge
A. Food
C. hydropower
B. Jobs
D. thermal heat
C. Recreation
3484. is a climate event that occurs when D. All of these
surface waters in the eastern Pacific are
colder than normal. 3490. The U.S. Exploring Expedition proved
the existence of which southern continent?
A. The girl
B. The boy
C. Coriolis Effect
D. trade winds

3485. In what 2 ways are sediments classi-


fied?
A. Color A. Australia
B. Crystal Shape B. South America
C. Size C. Arctic
D. Origin D. Antarctica

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 381

3491. Waves that crash onto the shore are C. 1 ppt


called
D. 1000 ppt

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A. Upwelling Explanation:The density of water in-
B. Breakers creases with the increase in salinity.
Salinity is the salt concentration in the
C. Wave Frequency water, measured in parts per thousand
D. Tsunami (ppt). In the given options, the water
sample with 1000 ppt salinity would be
3492. The amount of salt in a liquid is called the most dense as it has the highest salt
A. salinity concentration.
B. evaporation
3497. Arguably the first person to circumnav-
C. oceanography igate the world. Began leading the first
D. wavelength voyage to circumnavigate the world on the
Victoria.
3493. Bioluminescence beings in the
Mesopelagic Zone of the open ocean. A. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

A. True B. John Cabot


B. False C. Christopher Columbus

3494. What group of people settled the South D. Ferdinand Magellan


Pacific islands and used navigational meth-
ods to find new islands. 3498. FeatureC isa broad, flat part of the deep
ocean floor
A. Native Americans
B. Polynesians
C. Africans
D. Asians

3495. what is a pressure gradient force


A. volcanic island
A. The change in pressure measured
across a given distance is called a “pres- B. seamount
sure gradient”. C. continental slope
B. the change in temperature D. abyssal plain
C. change in distance
3499. Organisms in the deep sea zone nor-
D. all of these
mally have the following adaptation?
3496. Different water samples’ salinity can be A. Large gills due to minimal oxygen at
seen below. Select the one that would such depths.
be most dense based on its salinity. (re-
member ppt means parts per thousand B. Bioluminescent
milliliters or 1 liter) C. Venom for prey
A. 100 ppt D. Large dorsal fins due to less buoyant
B. 10 ppt water.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 382

3500. The currents in the create the Earth’s 3505. Plate movement is caused by
magnetic field.
A. The rotation of the Earth
A. Asthenosphere
B. Ocean tides
B. Mesosphere
C. Convection currents in the mantle
C. Outer Core
D. The moon’s gravity
D. Inner Core
3501. Which factor does NOT affect the size 3506. The Northern hemisphere is also known

NARAYAN CHANGDER
of a wave? as the (a) and the Southern hemisphere is
known as the (b)
A. the STRENGTH of the wind
A. a land hemisphere
B. the LENGTH of time the wind blows
C. the DISTANCE the wind travels B. b Water hemisphere

D. the DENSITY of the water


3502. What is a main factor driving ocean cur-
rents?
A. Winds
B. Tides
C. Stars
D. Moon
3503. Physical characteristics of ocean water
include
3507. The equation for density in relation to
A. temperature and density ocean water is
B. density and mass
C. temperature and mass
D. density and distance
3504. Choose the correct option

A. D = V/M
B. D = V*M
C. D = M/V
D. D = M*V

3508. How much of the ocean water is H2O?

A. Core Sampler A. 3.5%

B. Dredge B. 95.6%
C. Grab Sampler C. 96.5%
D. Sediment Sieves D. 97.1%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 383

3509. “Traps” that are used for collecting food


and organisms for study.

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A. Crab Pots
B. SCUBA
C. CTD Rosette
A. Stratosphere
D. Drift Bottle
B. Troposphere
3510. Which ocean has within it, the marianas C. Thermsophere
trench?
D. Mesosphere
A. Pacific
3515. As you move deeper into the water
B. Atlantic temperature, pressure and salt content
C. Indian change.
D. Arctic A. true
B. false
3511. Trenches in the ocean floor occur at
convergent plate boundaries, more specif- 3516. How do you call the exposed coasts
ically at where the rocks are sticking out into the
sea?
A. Mid-ocean ridges
A. Bays
B. Abyssal Plains
B. Coasts
C. Subduction zones
C. Headlands
D. continental slopes
D. Stacks
3512. Evaporites are examples of 3517. How does the air temperature of City 2
A. lithogenous sediments. compare to the air temperature of City 1?
Why?
B. hydrogenous sediments.
C. biogenous sediments.
D. cosmogenous sediments.

3513. What visible light frequency is almost


completely absorbed and converted to
heat within the first few meters of the
ocean? A. City 2 is warmer than City 1 because it
has a warm current passing by.
A. red light waves
B. City 1 is colder than City 2 because it
B. yellow light waves has a cold current passing by.
C. green light waves C. City 2 is colder than City 1 because it
has a cold current passing by.
D. blue light waves
D. City 1 is warmer than City 2 because it
3514. In which layer do the meteors burn up? has a warm current passing by.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 384

3518. What property of water helps to mod- 3522. This zone takes up 90% of the ocean
erate earth’s temperature? and is completely dark.
A. Midnight zone
B. Talk zone
C. Twilight zone
D. Abyssal zone

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3523. Winds that blow across the Earth’s
oceans and push water across the sur-
face, causing surface currents, is called
winds.
A. adhesion A. Easterly
B. chohesion B. Westerly
C. Specific heat capacity C. Global
D. Latent heat of vaporization D. Atmospheric

3519. Possible sources of Earth’s water in- 3524. Which of the following is Earth’s solid
clude all of the following EXCEPT iron-nickel layer?
A. volcanic activity A. Asthenosphere
B. ice from comets B. Inner Core
C. stony meteorites C. Lithosphere
D. All answers are correct, so there is no D. Mesosphere
exception.
3525. Name feature B
3520. Salinty is
A. The salt level in ocean water
B. The ability of solids to dissolve in
ocean water
C. The dissolved minerals in ocean water
D. Oxygen levels in ocean water A. guyot
B. seamount
3521. The highest point on a transverse wave
is the C. abyssal plain
A. Crest D. volcanic island
B. Trough 3526. These currents originate from the equa-
C. Resting Position tor.
D. Rarefaction A. cold currents
E. Compression B. warm currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 385

3527. Which location on the map shows a 3532. When we go to beach, we walk on the
gyre?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. continental slope
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain
D. seamount

A. 1.
3533. Feathery clouds that form at high alti-
B. 2. tudes
C. 3.
A. Cumulus
D. none of above
B. Stratus
3528. Outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere
C. Cirrus
A. Troposphere
D. Fog
B. Stratosphere
C. Thermosphere
3534. How does plastic trash cause marine life
D. Exosphere and sea birds to starve?
3529. How much of the world’s water occurs A. They mistake plastic for food, which
in the oceans as salt water clogs their stomachs and doesn’t leave
A. 64% any room for real food.

B. 82% B. Plastic takes up space in the water so


C. 96% marine animals have no place to live.

D. none of above C. The plastic in the ocean is so dense


that the marine life cannot find food eas-
3530. Which location has the least water pres- ily.
sure, the warmest temperatures and the
largest number of living organisms? D. Plastic doesn’t cause marine life or
sea bird to starve:they’re smart enough to
A. Midnight zone
know the difference between plastic and
B. Sunlight Zone food.
C. Twilight Zone
D. Trench Zone 3535. Used to measure the variation in the
height of ocean’s surface. Able to gather
3531. High and low tides are caused by: large areas of data
A. the Moon’s gravitational pull A. Sonar
B. periodic powerful tsunami waves
B. Satellites
C. water sloshing around due do Earth’s
elliptical orbit C. ROVs
D. powerful thunderstorm winds D. Deep-Sea Drilling

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 386

3536. What is the outermost layer of the at- B. plasticity.


mosphere? C. plate tectonics.
D. magnetic reversals.

3540. As new crust is made at the mid-ocean


ridge, what happens to old crust?
A. It grows up until it becomes an island

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. It acts like a conveyor belt and moves
towards the continental crust
A. Exosphere C. It becomes continental crust
B. Stratosphere D. It stays where it is and new crust
C. Mesosphere builds over it.
D. Thermosphere 3541. The most likely place to find abundant
manganese nodules is on the
3537. For one full rotation, Earth needs to
move 360 degrees (approximately 25, A. abyssal plain far from a continent
000 miles at the equator). It takes 24 B. continental rise
hours or a day. This means that the Earth
C. continental shelf
is travelling at approximately miles
per hour at the equator. D. crest of a mid-ocean ridge

3542. What type of boundary is shown in the


diagram?

A. 100
B. 500
C. 1000
D. 25000
A. Divergent
3538. Which structure extends from the outer
edge of the continental shelf to the ocean B. Convergent
floor? C. Transform
A. continentalslope D. none of above
B. abyssalplain 3543. The deflection of moving objects due to
C. oceanictrench Earth’s rotation is called the
D. sea mount A. Deflection

3539. Scientists have determined Earth’s B. Coriolis effect


outer core is liquid by studying C. The deflection effect
A. seismic waves. D. Earth’s rotation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 387

3544. Look at the three diagrams below. A. A


Which one do you think has the highest B. B
salinity?

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3547. Which phase of the moon is represented
in this diagram?

A.

A. new moon
B. first quarter
B. C. full moon
D. last quarter/third quarter
3548. Which of the following choices describes
Mercury?
A. Terrestrial, atmosphere, two moons
B. Terrestrial, no atmosphere, no moons
C. C. Terrestrial, atmosphere, no moons
D. Terrestrial, atmosphere, one moon
3549. What group of people established the
first trade routes through the Mediter-
D. none of above ranean?
3545. What level of beaufort scale is Large A. Greeks
waves with foam crests and some spray. B. Egyptians
A. Moderate breeze C. Romans
B. Fresh breeze D. Phoenicians
C. Strong breeze 3550. A severe storm that forms as a rapidly
D. High wind, Moderate Gale, Near Gale rotating funnel cloud is called a
A. tornado.
3546. Which diagram shows when the Earth
would experience a full moon or new B. hurricane.
moon? C. typhoon.
D. thunderstorm.
3551. Excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in
the air cause the greenhouse effect.
A. Yes
B. No

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 388

3552. Water depth is greater than 1/2 wave-


length is:
A. Wave height
B. Deep water waves
C. Shallow water wave
D. Trough A. Barents Sea

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Black Sea
3553. Adhesion?
C. Caspian Sea
A. Attachment of water molecules to
each other by hydrogens bonds D. North Sea

B. The region between the breaking 3557. Why are plastics such a problem for the
waves and the shore ocean?
C. Attachment of water molecules to the A. Plastics take up too much space in the
substances by hydrogen bonds ocean.
B. Plastics will decompose in a landfill
D. An element that occurs in constant pro-
portion in seawater C. Plastics never go away, they aren’t
biodegradable
3554. What area on the ocean floor would D. Plastics are expensive to make
have the most pressure?
3558. We have tides when the sun, moon,
and Earth form a straight line
A. Neap
B. Spring
C. Sprite
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge D. Neat
B. Continental Slope
3559. Who established the center at Sagres,
C. Trench Portugal?
D. Seamount A. Alexander the Great
B. Ben Franklin
3555. The type of oceanography that is con-
C. Prince Henry
cerned with the ocean basins and sedi-
ments? D. Matthew Maury
A. Geological 3560. A forms when more dense seawater
B. Chemical sinks under less dense seawater
A. Upwelling
C. Physical
B. Surface Current
D. Biological
C. Density Current
3556. Choose the correct option D. Deep Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 389

3561. Our world ocean can be divided into four C. Incas


principal oceans plus an additional ocean, D. Polynesians
based on the of the ocean basins and

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the of the continents 3567. Wave speed= 10m/sFrequency= 10
A. shape; position hzWhat is the wavelength?
B. position; latitude
C. size; shape
D. depth; elevation

3562. A break in the ocean floor that creates


a deep canyon is- A. 2 m
A. seamount B. 50m
B. trench C. 10m
C. mid-ocean ridge D. 5 m
D. rift E. 1 m

3563. In order to support larger fish popu- 3568. Which of the following geographic fea-
lations, biodiversity, and functional food tures would not be produced by subduc-
webs what areas have been established? tion?
A. Conservation zones A. A volcanic rift valley.
B. Marine protected areas B. Volcanoes
C. Off limits zone C. A deep, offshore trench
D. Environmental control area D. A ridge of mountains close to the
ocean.
3564. True or False:The first culture to take on
long range ocean voyaging was the Poly- 3569. Choose the correct option
nesians
A. True
B. False

3565. Two unequal high and low tides daily is


considered
A. mixed
B. diurnal A. Salmon
C. semidiurnal B. Zooplankton
D. slack C. Sea Algae
3566. What group of people sailed exten- D. Polar Bears
sively throughout the South Pacific?
3570. Latent heat is the quantity of heat
A. Chinese gained or lost as a substance undergoes
B. Phoenicians a

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 390

A. change in state C. CTD Rosette


B. change in chemical composition D. Drift Bottle
C. change in subatomic structure 3575. What is the definition for sonar?
D. change in atomic mass A. A method for detecting and locations
for objects submerged in water by echolo-
3571. Summer Monsoons form when, cations
A. the heat is over the land creating a low B. A method for detecting and locations

NARAYAN CHANGDER
pressure system. for objects sumberged in water by erosion
B. the heat is over the ocean creating a C. A method for detecting and locations
low pressure system for objects submerged in water by global
C. the heat is over the land creating a warming
high pressure system D. A method for detecting and locations
D. the heat is over the ocean creating a for objects submerged in water by pollu-
high pressure system tion

3572. Level of an oceans surfaces. Global sea 3576. At which location are oceans the deep-
level can rise in response to the melting of est?
glaciers, Average global sea level is rising A. Abyssal plain
today by 1 to 2 mm per year B. Continental Shelf
A. Global Sea Level C. Continental Slope
B. Estuaries D. Ocean Trench
C. Trough
3577. Which of the following explorers led
D. none of above the first voyage that circumnavigated the
Earth?
3573. The of water allows individual wa-
ter molecules to stick together.
A. heat capacity
B. adhesion
C. density
D. hydrogen bonding
A. Captain James Cook
3574. Choose the correct option B. Kosmas
C. Ben Franklin
D. Ferdinand Magellan
3578. Wetlands help control flooding by
A. quickly releasing water
B. collecting water behind dams.
C. provides filtration by increasing the
A. Crab Pots sediment content of the water
B. SCUBA D. absorbing runoff from heavy rains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 391

3579. How old is planet Earth? 3584. What type of rock makes most of the
A. 4.5 billion years old oceanic crust

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A. Sedimentary
B. 3.9 billion years old
B. Basalt
C. 2.8 billion years old
C. Metamorphic
D. 2023 years old
D. Limestone
3580. periodic rising and falling of the water
level of the oceanwave 3585. Who was the egyptian pharoah that or-
dered sea faring ships be built and estab-
lished a trade port in Punt?
A. Xerces
B. Hatshepsut
C. Khufu
D. The infertiles
A. current
3586. The picture below is of a(n) event.
B. wave
C. tide
D. none of above

3581. Longshore drift is


A. the movement of sediment parallel to
the shore when waves strike the shoreline
at an angle A. Non-El Nino (Normal)
B. a type of rip current B. The boy
C. a type of tide C. The girl
D. the movement of waves D. none of above
3582. What are all the traits for deep sea crea- 3587. This father of evolution sailed the HMS
tures’ mouthes? Beagle while mapping South America
A. fanged teeth
B. hinged jaw
C. sticky tongues
D. fat lips

3583. Tides are caused mainly by the differ-


ences in how much gravity from the moon
and the sun pulls on different parts of the A. Charles Darwin
Earth. B. James Cook
A. True C. Benjamin Franklin
B. False D. Fridtjof Nansen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 392

3588. Located at the leading edge of a tem- A. Caribbean Current


perature drop off. Bring heavy thunder- B. East Australian Current
storms, rain, and hail. Cool, fair weather
is likely to follow. C. Equatorial Counter Current
A. Warm Front D. Greenland Current
B. Cold Front
3592. The process in which liquid water
C. Occluded Front changes to gas because of energy from the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Stationary Front sun is called

3589. Pollution that cannot be traced to a A. precipitation.


single point because comes from many B. condensation.
sources
C. evaporation.
D. water vapor.

3593. The up and down movements that carry


energy in the ocean are called
A. Waves
B. Tides
C. Currents
D. none of above

3594. What level of beaufort scale is Dust and


loose paper raised. Small branches begin
A. estuary
to move.
B. water shed
A. Moderate breeze
C. non point source pollution
B. Fresh breeze
D. point source pollution
C. Strong breeze
3590. Which of the following is not one of the
3 major factors that effect ocean circula- D. High wind, Moderate Gale, Near Gale
tion?
3595. Who is known as the “Father of
A. Uneven heating by the sun’s rays Oceanography”?
B. Gravitational pull of Jupiter A. Matthew Maury
C. Earth’s Rotation
B. Prince Henry
D. Global Winds
C. Eratosthenes
3591. Identify the current labelled E in the fig-
D. Christopher Columbus
ure.
3596. During the Southeast Trade Winds
weaken.
A. Normal Conditions
B. The boy

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 393

3597. The tendancy of water molecules to 3602. The Ocean Is Stratified into 3 Density
stick to itself. Zones, which of the following is NOT a
zone

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A. adhesion
A. surface zone
B. cohesion
B. deep zone
C. surface tension
C. pycnocline
D. Universal Solvent
D. thermocline
3598. What is the most common type of map 3603. On the global grid, the Equator is at
projection?
A. 0 latitude
A. Mercator projection map B. 0 longitude
B. Miller cylindrical projection map C. 90 latitude
C. Fuller projector map D. 90 longitude
D. The Lambert equal area projection 3604. Aquatic life is abundant, diverse, and
map full of sunlight at which zone?

3599. What is the name of the five large circu-


lar current systems in the ocean?
A. Eddies
B. Gyres
C. Water Rings
A. littoral zone
D. Whirlpools
B. benthic zone
3600. Fluids (such as air and water) tend to C. abyssal zone
circulate in a clockwise formation north D. aphotic zone
of the equator, while rotating in a coun-
terclockwise pattern south of the equator. 3605. This image demonstrates that
This is known as the
A. Magnus Effect
B. Coriolis Effect
C. Coanda Effect
D. Gravitational Effect
A. There is a direct correlation with the
3601. A type of reef that lies close to the atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 in seawa-
shore. ter
A. fringing reef B. That pH of the ocean increases as the
atmospheric CO2 increases
B. barrier reef
C. That there is no correlation between
C. atoll pH of the ocean and atmospheric CO2
D. archipelago D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 394

3606. Otter Trawl:A large underwater net B. large stream of moving water that
that uses boards and floats to and col- flows from one place to another
lect marine organisms. C. movements of water flowing horizon-
tally in the upper part of the ocean’s sur-
face caused by winds
D. denser currents that flow from the
poles towards the equator and sink to the
bottom

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3611. How does salinity affect the density of
water? Choose TWO answers.
A. open A. higher salinity = less dense
B. close B. higher salinity = more dense
C. float C. lower salinity = more dense
D. sink D. lower salinity = less dense
3607. What is the role of salinity in the
3612. Carbon can be found in
ocean’s thermohaline circulation?
A. The atmosphere
A. It has no role
B. Soil
B. It helps in driving the circulation
C. Fossil fuels
C. It hinders the circulation
D. All of the above
D. none of above

3608. Which area is made of sediment from 3613. What might happen if you remove a pri-
the continental shelf and slope that collects mary consumer from the ecosystem?
at the bottom of the slope? A. There would be more food for sec-
A. continental rise ondary consumers.

B. continental slope B. The number of primary consumers


would increase.
C. continental shelf
C. The number of plants would increase.
D. continental plain
D. The number of secondary consumers
3609. Which part of the ocean floor extends would increase.
in a gentle downward slope from the edge
of the continent into the ocean? 3614. What drives the lithosphere to move on
top of the asthenosphere?
A. continental shelf
A. conduction currents
B. continental edge
B. convection currents
C. continental slope
C. radiation currents
D. continental rise
D. Ocean currents
3610. What are surface currents?
A. movement of energy through a body of 3615. What is bathymetry?
water A. The study of ocean currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 395

B. The study of ocean tides 3621. What causes the wind on Earth?
C. The study of ocean floor topography A. the moon

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D. The study of ocean water density B. uneven heating from the sun
C. the rotation of the earth
3616. Which of the following is NOT a chal-
lenge of exploring the deep ocean? D. the gravity of Mars
A. pressure 3622. The deeper you go in the ocean, the
B. cold lower the water pressure.

C. intense heat A. TRUE

D. darkness B. FALSE

3623. Who invented diving devices and scuba


3617. Which is denser?
devices such as the Aqua-Lung?
A. Liquid water
A. Jacques Cousteau
B. Ice B. Jacques Piccard
3618. What are the two types of crustal C. Sylvia Earle
plates? D. Robert Ballard
A. Oceanic & North American
3624. Waves move in a motion as energy
B. Oceanic & Continental flows through the water.
C. Pacific & Oceanic A. up and down
D. none of above B. back and forth

3619. Because the ocean is so deep, scientists C. circular


also study vertical layers, or zones, that D. square
affect marine life. The top zone is called
the 3625. New ocean floor is being formed at a
rate of approximately a year along the
A. Benthic Zone Mid Atlantic Ridge.
B. Pelagic Zone A. 2.5 m
C. Euphotic Zone B. 2.5cm
D. Danger Zone C. A. Vinegar

3620. What is the Challenger Expedition D. 2.5 km


known for?
3626. Seawater is typically denser than fresh-
A. Circumnavigating the world for trade water due to its
purposes
B. Circumnavigating the world for scien-
tific purposes
C. Discovering new continents
D. Conquering the highest mountain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 396

A. Greater depth A. Covalent bonds


B. Lower freezing point B. Ionic bonds
C. Smaller mass C. Polar bonds
D. Higher salinity D. Hydrogen bonds

3627. What is the most abundant gas in sea- 3630. When oceans meet continents, the cur-
water? rents change direction and move away.
This is called

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. nitrogen
B. carbon dioxide A. Coriolis Effect

C. oxygen B. Deflect
D. none of above C. Continental Deflection
D. Global WInds
3628. Which of the following is driven by a dif-
ference in temperature and salinity in the 3631. What is the crest of a wave?
ocean waters? A. lowest part of the wave
A. Tides B. wind speed of a wave
B. Surface Currents C. highest part of the wave
C. Deep Ocean Currents (great ocean D. distance the wind blows over open wa-
conveyor belt) ter
D. coriolis effect
Explanation:Deep Ocean Currents, also 3632. In the zone between 30 and 60◦ latitude
known as the great ocean conveyor belt, the are found.
are driven by differences in tempera-
ture and salinity in the ocean waters.
These differences create density varia-
tions, which in turn drive the movement of
water, forming deep ocean currents. This
is not the case with tides, surface cur-
rents, or the coriolis effect.

3629. Attractions between the negative Oxy- A. polar doldrums


gen atom of one water molecule and the B. trade winds
positive Hydrogen atom of another water
molecule are called C. horse latitudes
D. westerlies

3633. What technology did scientists use in


the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean
ridge?
A. satellites
B. submarines
C. deep-sea diving
D. sonar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 397

3634. Salt in the ocean is caused by: 3640. A gyre is a current in the ocean.
A. air (choose 3 answers)

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B. creatures A. circular
C. rocks B. squared
D. waves C. whirl

3635. the base of the continental slope D. spiral

A. Continental Shelf 3641. White, puffy clouds with flattened bot-


B. Continental Slope toms.
C. Continental Rise A. Cumulus
D. Abyssal Plain B. Stratus

3636. What percentage of the Earth is covered C. Cirrus


by water? D. Fog
A. 45 3642. This zone makes up the uppermost layer
B. 51 of the ocean.
C. 71 A. Aphotic
D. 85 B. Euphotic/photic
3637. The Maraina is the deepest known C. Benthic
place on Earth D. Abyssal
A. Volcano
3643. Temperature of the water impacts
B. Seamount
A. what kind of organisms can live in
C. Ridge rivers, creeks and lakes.
D. Trench
B. the amount of dissolved oxygen.
3638. Refer to the photo. “A” is a(an): C. the amount of minerals dissolved in
the water.
D. all of the above

3644. Which feature would you reach after the


continental shelf, if you were able to walk
A. Continental Margin along the ocean bottom from a beach?
B. Continental Breakfast
C. Continental Slope
D. Continental Shelf
3639. Initial push of wind
A. Trade Wind
B. Coriolis Effect
C. Prevailing Wind A. Abyssal Plains
D. Rain Shadow B. Mid-Ocean Ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 398

C. Continental Slope 3649. Identify the Plankton:Earth’s most


abundant and successful single-celled
D. Deep Ocean Trench
plankton possessing two interlocking
E. Ridge valves made primarily of silica.

3645. What impact does the extraction of re- A. Foraminifera


sources from the oceans have on marine B. Pteropods
ecosystems?
C. Coccolithophores

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Loss of biodiversity and habitat de-
D. Radiolarian
struction
E. Diatoms
B. Increased productivity and ecosystem
stability
3650. What do the arrows in the food chain
C. No impact, as marine ecosystems can indicate about the flow of energy in an
recover quickly ecosystem?
D. Improved water quality and reduced
pollution

3646. What features will be found at a conver-


gent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary
A. Rift valley
B. Deep Sea Trench, tsunamis and earth-
quakes
C. Mountains and earthquakes
D. Volcanic Island arc

3647. How much water does the ocean cover?


A. 90%
B. 10%
C. 50% A. Energy is continuously recycled by the
organisms in an ecosystem.
D. 75%
B. Energy flows in one direction in an
3648. “Friction between the moving air and ecosystem, from producers to consumers.
the underlying water imparts energy,
C. More of the available energy in an
which causes the water to move in a cir-
ecosystem is given to large animals than
cular motion, but the energy moves great
to small animals.
distances” describes
D. Organisms at the end of the food chain
A. a wave
receive more energy than those at the be-
B. wind ginning.
C. Coriolis effect
3651. the stem-like portion of then of sea-
D. convection currents weeds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 399

B. oxygen
C. helium

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D. carbon dioxide

3656. Which statement accurately describes


the relationship between bioaccumulation
and the trophic level of an organism in a
food chain?
A. Bioaccumulation is highest in primary
A. holdfast producers.
B. gas bladder B. Organisms at higher trophic levels gen-
C. blade erally exhibit lower bioaccumulation.
D. stipe C. Bioaccumulation is independent of an
organism’s position in the food chain.
3652. the evolution of similar characteristics
in organisms of different ancestry D. Top predators are least affected by
bioaccumulation.
A. convergent evolution
B. evolution 3657. Which results from the unequal heating
C. mutation of the ocean water of Earth?

D. hierarchy A. a constant sea-level


B. changes in tidal patterns
3653. What ocean floor feature is the flat bot-
tom of the ocean, very deep and com- C. unchanging climate for all regions
pletely dark?
D. changes in ocean current patterns
A. Continental Slope
B. Abyssal Plain 3658. This is ocean surrounds Antarctica. It’s
the one at the bottom
C. Trench
D. Continental Rise

3654. Latitude and Longitude comprise a grid


system that define exact on Earth.
Pick the correct word to complete the sen-
tence.
A. Location
B. Time of year
C. Daylight Saving Time
D. Christmas Holiday A. Southern Ocean
B. Arctic Ocean
3655. Which GAS is NOT found dissolved in
ocean water? C. South Atlantic Ocean
A. nitrogen D. Indian Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 400

3659. How do you protect yourself in a hurri- 3665. Where would the greatest pressure be
cane? exerted?
A. Close all doors and windows A. trench
B. Use sand bags for barriers B. abyssal plain
C. Have plenty of food and water C. twilight zone
D. All of the above D. sunlit zone
3660. Hydrothermal springs seem to be lo-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3666. Scientist have inferred that gases in
cated near:
the Earth’s early atmosphere came from
A. passive continental margins. clouds which rose and condensed, eventu-
B. active areas of seafloor spreading. ally forming early oceans. What formed
these clouds?
C. the edges of the deep sea trenches.
A. Photosynthisis of plants
D. the margins of the Hawaiian chain.
B. the ice age
3661. Which tide has two high and two low
per day? C. volcanic outgassing
A. diurnal D. all of these
B. Bitidal 3667. Land heats up
C. semi-diurnal A. Quickly/slowly
D. Spring tide B. Slowly/quickly
3662. are at the bottom of EVERY ocean C. Quickly/quickly
food web.
D. none of above
A. Zooplankton
B. Shrimp 3668. Waters allows it to dissolve other
ions and molecules.
C. Kelp
A. acidity
D. Phytoplankton
B. neutrality
3663. Which of the following is not a role of
C. pH
estuaries as resources?
A. some provide areas of recreation D. polarity

B. usually important sites for shipping 3669. The difference in levels of ocean water
lanes at high and low tides is the
C. important places for migratory birds
D. areas where brackish water gets oxy-
genated
3664. As the amount of CO2 in the atmo-
sphere/oceans increases, the acidity of
the ocean
A. Decreases
B. Increases A. low tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 401

B. tidal range A. Saturated


C. high tide B. Humidity

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D. slack water C. Cold front
3670. The density of ocean water is affected D. The boy
by temperature and
3675. Humans use this to detect changes in the
A. salinity
topography of the ocean floor.
B. depth
A. HO dot
C. volume
B. Echo Recon
D. none of above
C. Echo Mapping
3671. What would cause some areas of the
ocean to have higher salinity than other D. Echo Reconnaissance
areas?
3676. a heritable change in an organism’s
A. A higher rate of precipitation genes
B. a higher rate of evaporation A. mutation
C. a higher rate of condensation B. adaptation
D. a higher rate of glacial melting
C. evolution
3672. Which ocean is landlocked in the north? D. none of above
A. Artic
3677. Oceanography is the study of
B. Pacific
C. Indian A. physical features of the earth

D. Atlantic B. chemical features of the earth


C. biological features of the earth
3673. Identify the current labelled I in the fig-
ure. D. all of the above

3678. These tides give the least change from


high to low tide
A. Neap Tides
B. Spring Tides
C. Gravity
A. Gulf Stream Current
B. Humboldt (Peru) Current D. High Tides

C. Kamchatka Current 3679. The smallest ocean


D. Oyashio Current A. Pacific
3674. The condition in which moisture in the B. Arctic
air evaporates faster than it can condense
C. Atlantic
and the air becomes so full it cannot hold
any more moisture. D. Southern

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 402

3680. Most deep bottom water forms 3686. What is the name of the largest and
A. near the ocean floor in the arctic. most powerful surface current in the North
Atlantic Ocean?
B. near the ocean floor in the Antarctic.
A. Gulf of Mexico
C. near the ocean surface in the arctic.
D. near the ocean surface in the Antarc- B. Pacific Steam
tic. C. Gulf Stream
3681. Water flowing out of an enclosed basin D. Atlantic Ocean steam

NARAYAN CHANGDER
due to the tides is called a/an
A. ebb current 3687. Which of the following is a hollow steel
tube with a heavy weight on top that is to
B. spring tide collect sediment samples?
C. flood current
A. Dredge
D. none of above
B. Gravity corer
3682. The easiest method of escaping a rip cur-
C. Rotary corer
rent is to
A. swim toward the shore D. Six disks

B. swim parallel to the shore 3688. Determine what event occurred in


C. swim away from from the shore 2000?
D. swim out into the ocean
3683. What does Oceanography study?
A. animals
B. the chemical, physical, geological
ocean
C. seawater
D. waves, tides, currents
3684. On a topographic map, elevation is A. Neutral
shown by which feature? B. The boy
A. Contour lines
C. The girl
B. Scale
D. none of above
C. Fractional Scale
D. Legend 3689. Which type of variable must always
stay the same in order to make the exper-
3685. What is the most common salt found in iment accurate?
ocean water?
A. Controlled Variable
A. Calcium Carbonate
B. Sodium Potassium B. Manipulated Variable
C. Calcium Magnesium C. Dependent Variable
D. Sodium Chloride D. Responding Variable

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 403

3690. The highest point of a wave. C. average temperatures


A. Trough D. none of above

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B. Spring Tide 3695. What is the Vadose Zone?
C. Crest A. The zone extends from the outer limits
D. Neap Tide of vegetation down to the zone of ground-
water
3691. Forms of water falling from the sky as B. The zone that is at the surface of soils
rain, sleet, hail, and snow.
C. The middle zone where infiltration oc-
A. condensation curs
B. transpiration D. The zone that contains the unconsoli-
C. precipitation dated Earth materials that are intermixed
with soil, air, and water and is a host of
D. surface run off
many chemical transformations brought
3692. Ecosystem found on marine shorelines about by radiant energy
alternating between high and low tide
3696. The lowest point of a wave is called the:
A. Abyssal Zone A. crest
B. Coral Reef B. trough
C. Intertidal Zone C. wave length
D. Open Ocean D. wave height
3693. The continents do not end at the shore- 3697. The diagram shows an organism that
line. Land forms continue under the sea ex- lives in the ocean.What is true about the
tending from the continental shelf to the organism shown?
deep ocean floor with a vast variety of
life. Choose a list of terms describing land
forms found on the ocean floor.
A. continental shelf and slope, mid-
ocean ridge, abyssal plain, trench, and
seamount
B. continental rise and shelf, continent, A. It is algae.
ridge, canyon, trench, and typhoon
B. It is benthos.
C. tectonic plates, continental slope, is-
land, mountain, reef, and the ocean bar- C. It is nekton.
rier D. It is plankton.
D. continental shelf, ocean basin, moun- 3698. Oxygen comprises about % of the
tain ridge, rise, and tidal wave Earth’s present atmosphere.
3694. La Niña is characterized by of the A. 20
Western Pacific Ocean. B. 30
A. a warming C. 40
B. a cooling D. 50

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 404

3699. Sea turtles must leave the oceans to lay 3702. The difference between Chemosynthe-
eggs. sis and Photosynthesis is:
A. True A. Chemo = sun, Photo = no sun
B. False B. Chemo = no sun, Photo =bacteria
C. Chemo = no sun, Photo = sun
3700. Choose the correct option
D. Chemo = bacteria, Photo = no sun

3703. Group that made advances in shipbuild-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ing, navigation and piloting in the middle
ages in Northern Europe:
A. Greeks
B. Vikings
C. Phoenicians
A. Bearing Strait
D. none of above
B. Gulf of Mexico
3704. As water becomes more salty, its den-
C. Caribbean Sea sity
D. Labrador Sea A. increases
3701. The image is called a ; it is used to B. decreases
bring up objects or mud from the seabed C. remains the same
by scooping or dragging.
D. increases and then decrease slightly

3705. What creates surface currents in the


ocean?
A. winds blowing across the ocean’s sur-
face
B. Earth rotating on its axis
C. the gravitational pull of the moon
D. increased density due to salinity and
temperature

3706. What happens to the light as you go


deeper into the ocean?
A. It becomes brighter
B. It disappears quickly
C. It becomes colorful
A. core sampler D. It becomes dimmer
B. dredge 3707. Which one is not a continental margin?
C. bucket disks A. Continental Shelf
D. plankton net B. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 405

C. Continental Slope D. Day Breeze


D. Continental Rise Explanation:They are named for where
the breeze comes from, in this case the

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3708. Surface currents are important because cool air comes from the land and moves
they- towards the seaAt night, the land is cooler
A. Transfer heat throughout the ocean than the ocean water

B. Breakdown piers 3713. As the depth of ocean waters increases,


C. Carry sand down the beach the pressure

D. Cause tsunamis

3709. As depth increases also increases.


A. Pressure
B. Phytoplankton
C. Sunlight
D. Oxygen A. increases (more pressure)
E. Up-welling B. decreases (less pressure)

3710. Ocean acidification occurs when there is 3714. What letter is B?


an over-abundance of absorbed into
seawater, lowering the overall pH of the
water.
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
A. Cont. Shelf
C. Carbon dioxide
B. Cont. Slope
D. Sodium and chloride
C. Cont. Rise
3711. A guyot has a flat top due to D. AbyssalPlain
A. Swift ocean currents 3715. Water on Earth can be found naturally
B. Weathering and erosion when it was as a solid, liquid, and gas. Where is MOST
an island of the solid freshwater on Earth?
C. Bioerosion over time A. in the outer core
D. The density of the rock it’s made out of B. in glaciers/ice
3712. Which type of breeze is generated dur- C. in the air
ing the night when the ocean heats the air D. at the bottom of the ocean
and drives the formation of a convection
current, moving cool air towards the sea 3716. Why are too many nutrients (like ni-
from the land? trates and phosphates) bad for our wa-
ters?
A. Sea Breeze
A. Nutrients decrease the pH of the wa-
B. Land Breeze ter, causing it to become increasingly
C. Night Breeze acidic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 406

B. Nutrients change the salinity of the wa- 3720. Which property of water is responsible
ter for the formation of ocean currents?
C. Wetlands filter out runoff that may con- A. Heat absorption and retention
tain nutrients
B. Evaporation and condensation
D. Nutrients in the water cause too much
algae growth, which decrease the level of C. Density and salinity
oxygen in the water D. Wind patterns and tides

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3717. A student is located in position 1 during
3721. Name means “soft-bodied”
the shown astronomical event. What did
the student observe? A. Mollusk
B. Arthropod
C. Echinoderm
D. Cnidarians

3722. What is the best definition of a water


A. Total lunar eclipse
table?
B. Total solar eclipse
C. Partial lunar eclipse
D. Partial solar eclipse

3718. What is the name of the ocean labeled


F on the map?

A. The level to which a river rises when it


floods
B. The boundary between the land and
the ocean
C. The top of the saturated zone in an
A. Atlantic aquifer

B. Pacific D. The bottom of the saturated zone in an


aquifer
C. Southern
E. The top of the unsaturated zone in an
D. Indian
aquifer
E. Arctic
3723. The movement of energy through a body
3719. This fish has huge winglike fins which
of water is called a
make it appear to fly through the water
A. Cod A. current

B. Salmon B. tide
C. Blanket Ray C. wave
D. Whale Shark D. all three choices are correct

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 407

3724. This was the first deep sea-drilling ves- 3730. When cold nutrient rich comes up to the
sel. surface we call this-

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A. Kingfisher A. Longshore currents
B. FLIP
B. Backwash
C. Glomar Challenger
C. Upwelling
D. Meteor
D. none of above
3725. If you visit the coast off of Georgia you
are visiting the: 3731. How can I chart the data I collect in an
A. Pacific Ocean experiment?
B. Atlantic Ocean A. Tables
C. Southern Ocean B. Charts
D. Indian Ocean
C. Graphs
3726. In what way(s) is bioluminescence light
D. Tables, charts, and graphs
created?
A. bacteria 3732. Tides are caused by:
B. luminous cells
A. the Coriolis effect
C. light bulbs
B. the Sun’s gravity only
D. stick on glowers
C. primarily the Sun’s gravity, with some
3727. The amount of gas that seawater can effect from the Moon
hold in solution will be greater
D. primarily the Moon’s gravity, with
A. in colder water.
some effect from the Sun
B. in warmer water.
C. in saltier water. 3733. Density increases with
D. under less pressure. A. increasing salinity
3728. Pure water is on the pH scale? B. increasing pressure
A. 1 C. decreasing temperature
B. 5 D. increasing temperature
C. 7
D. 11 3734. A cylindrical or box-like device which is
dragged across the ocean floor to obtain
3729. Collecting adequate samples from which biological or geological samples.
of the following is the most difficult?
A. Core Sampler
A. Continental shelf
B. Dredge
B. Estuaries and lagoons
C. Marine sediments on land C. Grab Sampler
D. The deep-ocean floor D. Sediment Sieves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 408

3735. Molten pieces of crust created by im- A. Spilling


pacts in space, that rain down on Earth and B. Surging
can form fields.
C. Plunging
D. none of above

3740. If a beach is wide, gently sloping with


fine sands, we would expect to see

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. very heavy breakers.
B. wave erosion as the dominant pro-
A. Lithos cess.
B. stalagmites C. generally small waves winter and sum-
C. Tektite mer.
D. Asteroid D. high-energy waves all year around.
3736. The Gulf Stream current affects north- 3741. Detritivores (also known as scav-
west Europe by creating a relatively mild engers) consume
climate there.
A. Plants and meat
A. true
B. meat ONLY
B. false
C. plants ONLY
C. sometimes
D. dead organisms
D. none of above
3742. Carbon dioxide is added to ocean water
3737. Movement of ocean water along the
through
bottom of the ocean.
A. surface currents A. rivers and streams

B. deep currents B. underwater volcanoes


C. high tide C. the atmosphere
D. low tide D. all the above

3738. Flat, deep, and smooth part of the ocean. 3743. A neap tide is a tide with the greatest
Cold temperatures are found here. difference between low and high tides
A. Continental Shelf A. true
B. Ocean Floor B. false
C. Continental Slope
3744. First culture to use mathematical equa-
D. Seamounts tions when determining distances and re-
3739. What type of wave is this? lational travelling
A. Polynesians
B. Europeans
C. Phoneceans
D. Greeks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 409

3745. Which is NOT a source of salts in the 3750. As a wave becomes a breaker, its wave
oceans? height

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A. hydrothermal vents A. Decreases
B. weathering of rocks on land B. Increases
C. heavy rains C. Does not Change
D. volcanic ash D. Becomes a Whitecap

3746. Henry also employed cartographers. 3751. What ship did Charles Darwin sail on?
What is a cartographer? A. H.M.S Challenger
A. a visionary B. St. Clarise
B. a sailor C. The Beagle
C. map maker D. The John Cabot
D. go around
3752. What happens during Continental deflec-
3747. Choose the correct option tion?
A. When surface currents meet conti-
nents the currents speed up
B. When surface currents meet conti-
nents the currents stop
C. When surface currents meet conti-
A. Trough
nents the currents deflect or change direc-
B. Crest tion
C. Wavelength D. When surface currents meet conti-
D. Wave Height nents the currents form a tsunami

3748. Authigenic? 3753. The reason for swimming with a buddy


is
A. made from chemical precipitates in the
sea water A. to keep you company
B. from the shells and bones of living B. to provide an extra oxygen tank for
things emergencies
C. from the land, travels down streams C. to help you into the boat
and rivers to the ocean D. to help in case of problems
D. very fine sediment from outer space 3754. What type of coastal water is formed
origins by the flooding of a river valley and is typ-
E. sediments from volcanic activity ically brackish due to the mixing of fresh-
water and seawater?
3749. Transitional layer of the ocean character-
ized by rapidly decreasing temperatures A. estuary
with depth B. delta
A. Deep sea trench C. lagoon
B. thermocline D. fjord

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 410

3755. Identify whether the statement below C. thermohaline


describes renewable or non-renewable re- D. thermostat
sources. It can be renewed as it is avail-
able in infinite quantity E. thermomix
A. renewable 3760. This process is responsible for most en-
B. non-renewable vironmental problems of excess nitrogen
and phosphorus entering streams, lakes
3756. The Moon gets its light from the and oceans.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Earth A. decomposition
B. Stars B. emissions from automobiles
C. Sun C. agriculture and house hold runoff
D. none of above D. photosynthesis

3757. Water exists in this forms: 3761. Circular surface currents


A. Gas A. deep ocean currents
B. Plasma B. longshore currents
C. Liquid C. rip currents
D. Solid D. gyres

3758. This island chain is located in what 3762. What are the outputs of salinity?
state? A. Absorption(clays) and precipi-
tation(evaporates) biological pro-
cesses(shell and reef building)
B. Sea spray
C. Hydrothermal vents at mid-ocean
ridges.
D. Salinity decrease
A. NJ
B. AK 3763. How many hours are there from one
high tide to the next high tide?
C. FL
A. 24 hours
D. WI
B. 12 hours
3759. The comparison graph between sea wa- C. 6 hours
ter temperature and depth will show that
D. 4 hours
the deeper the water, the lower the tem-
perature and remains low down to the 3764. The water cycle is powered by the
deepest water. This phenomenon of chang-
ing high temperatures and remaining low A. sun
is often called B. wind
A. halocline C. air
B. thermoclin D. biomass

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 411

3765. Nansen Bottle:Collects sample of 3768. The region that keeps the seaweed an-
water at specific depths. chored to rocks.

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A. holdfast
B. gas bladder
C. blade
A. river D. stipe
B. sea
3769. This body has the strongest pull on the
C. water Earth’s oceans
D. ocean A. Gravity
3766. How many states are in the Chesapeake B. Sun
Bay watershed? C. Moon
A. 3 D. Earth
B. 6
3770. What are the most common sea animals
C. 12 (EASY)
D. 7 A. Sharks
3767. Characteristics of Arctic ocean B. Fish
A. 23, 740ft, under 34 ppt, many ice- C. Birds
bergs, arctic circumpolar current, wind D. Flamingos
flows west to east
B. 30-35 ppt, 27, 841ft, mid-atlantic ridge, 3771. If a northern coastline such as the Nor-
saltiest major ocean, prevailing wester- way coast is located near a warm ocean
lies, mild climate current

C. 32-37 ppt, 23, 812ft, gets water from A. the climate will be colder than normal
Persian gulf and red sea, northeast winds for that latitude.
in winter, north west winds south of equa- B. the climate will be warmer than nor-
tor mal for that latitude.
D. 28-34 ppt, 17, 881ft, 1/3 of area un- 3772. What does “haline” or “halo” mean?
derlain by continental shelf, polar climate,
beaufort high centered wind, icelandic low A. temperature
centered wind B. salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 412

C. density B. Mid Ocean Ridge


D. heat C. Trench
D. Seamount
3773. What is not a type of ocean pollution?
A. oil spills 3779. What part of the wave is labeled in this
picture?
B. trash dumping
C. upwelling

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. nonpoint-source pollution

3774. All waves carry


A. energy A. Crest
B. Wavelength
B. light
C. Trough
C. matter
D. Amplitude
D. particles
3780. This mapping technique helped us find
3775. Does cold dense water move toward the
the Mariana Trench in 1875!
poles or the equator?
A. lead line
A. The poles
B. multibeam sonar
B. The equator
C. satellite altimetry
3776. Which ocean current warms the climate D. side scan sonar
of northwestern Europe?
3781. what motion do surface currents move
A. North Atlantic Current
A. circular
B. Canary Current
B. back and forth
C. North Equatorial Current
C. up and down
D. Labrador Current
D. none of above
3777. All food chains must begin with a ?
3782. What two factors cause currents? (Pick
A. Consumer 2 answers)
B. Producer A. Density
C. decoposer B. Temperature
D. Scavenger C. Wind
3778. What is the name for Ocean floor fea- D. Light
ture “ b ‘’? 3783. The continental is where most peo-
ple swim when they go to the beach.
A. slope
B. plain
C. trench
A. Abyssal Plain D. shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 413

3784. Select all of the correct characteristics


for Layer C.

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A. Coldest ocean Layer
B. called the thermocline
C. warmest ocean layer A. upwelling
D. This zone has no sunlight B. surface current

3785. Which structures would interfere with 3790. Shaking a rope up and down produces
longshore drift? which type of wave?
A. jetties A. transverse

B. groins B. amplitude
C. longitudinal
C. breakwaters
D. period
D. all of the above
3791. Based on moon and asteroid samples,
3786. Cosmogenous sediment consists of two scientists now estimate the age of the
main types of sediment earth to be
A. microscopic spherules and macro- A. 5.9 billion years
scopic meteor debris B. 3.7 billion years
B. microscopic spherules and abyssal C. 2.6 million years
clays
D. 4.6 billion years
C. biogenous oozes and macroscopic me-
teor debris 3792. What are three benefits of wetlands?

D. abyssal clays and evaporites A. Causing pollution, destroying habitat,


increasing flooding
3787. Distinctive rock sequences of basalt and B. Attracting pests, creating dry condi-
marine sedimentary rock that may be tions, increasing water pollution
slices of the ocean floor are C. Purifying water, providing habitat, mit-
A. guyots igating flooding
B. ophiolites D. Decreasing biodiversity, depleting wa-
ter sources, causing erosion
C. seamounts
3793. What is happening at 4?
D. fracture zones

3788. The fetch refers to


A. the distance over which the wind
blows without interruption
B. the circular pattern made by water par-
ticles when a wave passes

3789. The Gulf Stream is an example of a

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 414

A. respiration:releasing CO2 3799. The apparent deflection of the path of


B. decomposing CO2 in the soil winds and ocean currents that results from
the rotation of the earth.
C. photosynthesis:absorbing CO2
A. horse latitude
D. turning CO2 from the atmosphere into
organic molecules B. upwelling
C. coriolis effect
3794. Glacial deposits are an example of
which of the following sediment types? D. vertical overturn

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Biogenous 3800. is what separates ocean layers of
B. Hydrogenous different salinity
C. lithogenous A. halocline
D. cosmogenous B. thermocline
C. pycnocline
3795. What is the circular island and coral reef
that remains when a volcanic island has D. none of above
been eroded? 3801. Which of the following is a mature wave
A. Seamount of one wavelength, and is characterized
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge by evenly spaced waves with smoothly
rounded crests and troughs?
C. Coral Atoll
A. surge
D. Continental Shelf
B. swell
3796. How are salts added to the ocean?
C. interference
A. precipitation
D. none of above
B. evaporation
3802. 98% of life is found in the pelagic open
C. erosion from rocks on land
ocean.
D. ocean organisms
A. True
3797. Which ocean is the smallest and coldest? B. False
A. Indian
3803. who is Charles darwin
B. Arctic
A. A naval captain
C. Southern
B. A mathematician
D. Atlantic
C. An explorer
3798. Stored energy in water behind a dam D. a naturalist
falls and changes into mechanical energy
that turns a turbine that turns coils in a 3804. Which has higher oxygen levels?
generator that produces electrical energy. A. faster moving water
What is this?
B. slower moving water
A. Fossil Fuel Power Plant
C. speed of water has no effect on oxygen
B. Nonrenewable Power Plant content
C. Nuclear Power Plant D. all water has the same amount of oxy-
D. Hydroelectric Power Plant gen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 415

3805. The deeper you go in the ocean, what C. A measure of the dissolved solids in
increases? sea water

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A. Temperature D. A measure of the content of chlorine,
B. Amount of Fresh water bromine, and iodine ion in mass
C. Pressure
3811. Which BEST describes how coal forms?
D. Sunlight
3806. What three things influence where or-
ganisms live in the water?
A. Salinity
B. Temperature
C. Pressure
D. Light
E. Tides A. dead plant material completely decom-
poses in a desert environment
3807. About half of Earth’s surface is covered
with which ocean floor feature? B. tiny sea animals and plants die and are
buried by sediment
A. continental shelf
B. ocean trench C. dead plant material temporarily de-
cays in a swamp environment
C. continental slope
D. dead animals partially decay in a
D. abyssal plain
desert environment
3808. The average depth of the oceans is:
A. 100 m 3812. What is the average depth of the
world’s oceans?
B. 4 km
A. 1, 000 meters
C. 10 km
D. 40 km B. 3, 800 meters

3809. A person who studies and observes C. 7, 200 meters


wave dynamics, currents, and ocean- D. 12, 000 meters
atmosphere interactions is called
A. Marine Engineer 3813. Vertical upward movement of nutrient-
B. Marine Biologist rich ocean water. Originate in deep wa-
ters and primarily found off the west-
C. Physical Oceanographer ern coasts of continents in the trade-wind
D. Marine Geologist belts.
3810. Acid? A. Breakers
A. A substance that combines with a hy- B. Upwelling
drogen ion in solution
C. gyres
B. A substance that releases a hydrogen
ion D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 416

3814. If the wavelength of a wave is 10, what 3819. What is the name of the scientific study
is the depth at which water movement of the ocean?
stops?
A. Biology
A. 2
B. Microbiology
B. 4
C. Oceanography
C. 5
D. Oceanology
D. 20

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3820. Using the Hertsprung-Russell diagram,
3815. One example of a mass movement that
which statements are correct? You must
may occur in India due to th Summer Mon-
select all of the statements that are cor-
soon is
rect.
A. Flooding
B. Spreading of disease
C. a landslide
D. Torrential downpour

3816. What is a surface current?


A. Rivers flowing on the surface of the
ocean
A. Supergiants are found in spectral
B. Underwater currents caused by tides class O, B, and A.
C. Ocean currents driven by wind, tem- B. Giant stars can be found at a tempera-
perature, and salinity ture of 6, 000-3, 000.
D. The movement of fish near the ocean C. Supergiant stars can have a luminosity
surface of 10-4.
3817. According to your textbook, select the D. White dwarf stars can be found with
answer choice that best describes the an absolute magnitude of +11.
harmfulness of ultraviolet radiation.
3821. According to your textbook (Wohlers
A. damages DNA and protein
et al., 2006), what answer choice best
B. causes unchecked photosynthesis describes why potentially renewable re-
C. penetrates the aphotic zone sources become nonrenewable?
D. none of the answer choices listed is A. oil and gas are burned faster than they
true of the harm of UV radiation are replaced
B. resources are replenished within one
3818. How many lifeboats did the ship have
human lifespan
on board?
A. 20 C. the example of how a fishery takes a
species from the ocean faster than it can
B. 64 be reproduced to maintain its population
C. none D. renewable resources don’t involve bio-
D. 30 logical processes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 417

3822. What is the best explanation for why 3827. What increases runoff?
saltwater is more dense than freshwater? A. precipitation

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A. Saltwater has higher salinity B. population
B. Saltwater has lower salinity C. drought
C. Freshwater has higher salinity D. agriculture
D. Freshwater has a higher freezing point 3828. Addition of new sea floor
E. Freshwater has more mass per unit of
volume
Explanation:Density is about how much
stuff you have in a solution and salt counts
as more “stuff” making the water more
dense

3823. Paleomagnetism is evidence for (a) .


A. a Plate Tectonics A. Subduction
B. Sea Floor Spreading
B. Theory of Pangea
C. Sea Floor subduction
C. Continental Drift
D. Convergent
D. none of above
3829. What is the definition of ocean?
3824. What percentage of the ocean’s sea life
A. A major body of water
lives in coral reefs?
B. A major body of any water
A. 10-15%
C. A major body of saltwater
B. 20%
D. A major area of water
C. 45%
3830. How do plankton differ from nekton?
D. 25%

3825. The whirlpool is


A. tide
B. gulf stream
C. maelstrom
D. none of above A. Plankton are strong swimmers.
B. Plankton are floaters.
3826. Which Ocean is the Largest?
C. Plankton are carnivores.
A. Pacific Ocean D. Plankton live on the ocean bottom.
B. Atlantic Ocean
3831. Which process adds more crust to the
C. Indian Ocean ocean floor?
D. Arctic Ocean A. earthquakes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 418

B. sea floor spreading 3836. An air mass that forms over the north-
C. subduction ern part of the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean
would be classified as:
D. convection
A. maritime polar
3832. Which type of water would be the B. maritime tropical
MOST dense?
C. continental polar
A. Warm, Salt Water
D. continental tropical

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Cold, Salt Water
3837. Which of these features is NOT found on
C. Warm, Freshwater the ocean floor?
D. Cold, Freshwater A. mountain
3833. This tool is needed in order to map the B. volcano
ocean floor: C. river
A. radar D. plain
B. sonar 3838. Oceanography is the study of
C. satellites A. Math
D. underwater cameras B. Oceans
3834. Letter G is pointing to what seafloor C. Life
feature? D. Weather
3839. The Coriolis effect is the curving of
wind across Earth. What causes winds to
curve?
A. Earth’s revolution
A. Continental Shelf B. Earth’s magnetic field
B. Continental Slope C. Earth’s rotation
C. Abyssal Plain D. Earth’s gravitational pull
D. Trench 3840. Which of the following causes plankton
3835. Identify the current labelled H in the fig- blooms?
ure. A. surface currents
B. gyres
C. glaciers
D. upwelling
3841. The development of a wave usually be-
gins with
A. Gulf Stream Current A. currents
B. Humboldt (Peru) Current B. wind
C. Kamchatka Current C. gravity
D. Oyashio Current D. tsunamis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 419

3842. A pycnocline is a boundary between B. use it as a defense mechanism


changing regions of which of the following C. use it to build shells and exoskeletons
properties?

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D. use it to cool body temperatures
A. salinity
B. density 3847. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
textbook, what are the components of air
C. temperature from highest to lowest?
D. none of above A. Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, Carbon Diox-
ide
3843. How do density currents contribute to
ocean circulation in the vertical direction? B. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Diox-
ide
A. By causing upwelling
C. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Ar-
B. By creating surface currents gon
C. By inducing downwelling D. Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, Carbon Diox-
D. By generating tidal forces ide

3844. Choose the correct option 3848. A geographer who makes maps:
A. Cartographer
B. Distortion
C. Projection
D. none of above
A. Trough 3849. What is the purpose of a marine labora-
B. Peak tory?

C. Valley A. a location where marine scientists can


complete studies and experiments near
D. Crest the ocean
3845. What benefit do oceans have when B. a location where geologists can com-
it comes to carbon dioxide in our atmo- plete studies and experiments near the
sphere? (p. 412) ocean
A. Oceans don’t have any relationship C. a location where biologists can com-
with CO2. plete studies and experiments near the
ocean
B. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
increases because of oceans. D. a location where astronomers can
complete studies and experiments near
C. CO2 gets dissolved (absorbed) in
the ocean
ocean water.
D. CO2 rises in ocean water and is found 3850. The Continental crust is made up of:
at shallow depths. A. Iron
3846. What do some marine creatures do with B. Granite
the carbonate ion? C. Basalt
A. use it as a food source D. Sedimentary rocks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 420

3851. Water boils at what temperature? 3855. Oceans are a vast reservoir of
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen

3856. Who invented the chronometer (clock)?


A. Matthew Maury
B. Captain James Cook

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Prince Henry Navigator
A. 132o F
D. John Harrison
B. 212o C
3857. Which Ocean on the image is the largest
C. 100 C
and deepest?
D. None of the above

3852. What causes surface currents in the


ocean?
A. The gravitational pull of the moon and
sun
B. Wind and Earth’s rotation A. A
C. Underwater volcanoes B. B
D. The Earth’s magnetic field C. C
3853. How does the density of seawater in- D. D
crease? (p. 417)
E. E
A. The warmer the water, the more
dense it is 3858. Waves from the deep sea heading to-
wards the coast will experience wave
B. As salt ions increase, density in-
breaking. When the direction of the wave
creases
is not perpendicular to the coastline, it will
C. Density increases if salinity decreases form
D. It can’t increase. It has a maximum A. longshore wave
density of 1.00 g/cm3.
B. longshore current
3854. Which of the following is a correct de- C. rip current
scription of the polyp body form?
D. rip wave
A. It is sessile and the tentacles and
mouth point downward. E. longshore bar
B. It is sessile and the mouth and tenta- 3859. The distance between two waves?
cles point upward.
A. wave period
C. It is mobile and the tentacles and
B. wave frequency
mouth point downward.
D. It is mobile and the tentacles and C. wave length
mouth point upward. D. none of the above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 421

3860. A cold air mass moving into an area occu- 3864. Why is there high salinity in the
pied by relatively warm air is called a/an Mediterranean Ocean?

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A. precipitation
A. cold front B. evaporation
B. warm front C. volcanoes
C. low pressure system D. deposition
D. high pressure system
3865. In this ocean zone, invertebrates such
3861. Which tides are associated witha new a starfish and tubeworms thrive at this
or full moon? depth. Temperature of water is just above
freezing with the pressure being incredi-
ble.
A. dark zone
B. trenches
C. sunlit zone
D. abyss
E. twilight zone
A. spring tides
3866. An organism’s is defined as the en-
B. neap tides
vironment in which it lives.
C. high tides
D. low tides

3862. The study of the ocean is called


A. biology
B. schoology
A. habitat
C. oceanography
B. niche
D. none of these
C. social structure
3863. Surface currents are a result of D. ecosystem

3867. Who were the great sailors and explor-


ers of the Mediterranean?
A. Phoenicians
B. Polynesians
C. Vikings
A. Global Wind Patterns D. Egyptians
B. Earth’s Rotation
3868. An is where fresh water from a river
C. Density flows into the salt water of the ocean.
D. All of the above A. intertidal zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 422

B. abyss ONE EXAMPLE OF THE PHYSICAL ADAP-


C. estuary TATIONS LISTED ABOVE.
A. Eating nuts
D. underwater current
B. Sticky tongue
3869. Choose the correct option
C. Eating fish and small mammals
D. Moving rocks
3872. The layers of the atmosphere that get

NARAYAN CHANGDER
colder as altitude increases are
A. thermosphere and troposphere
B. meosphere and troposphere
A. Warm Front C. stratosphere and thermosphere
B. High Air Pressure D. thermosphere and mesosphere
C. Cold Front 3873. Which water is at the surface of the
D. High Temperatures ocean?
A. colder water
3870. Put the layers of the Earth in order from
innermost layer to outermost layer. B. warmer water

A. Inner core → outer core → mantle → 3874. Ocean temperature is warmer near
crust A. the poles
B. Inner core → Mantle asthenosphere B. the beach
→ crust
C. the equator
C. Inner core → outer core → mantle as- D. No answer text provided.
thenosphere → lithosphere → crust
3875. The gentle sloping surface at the base
D. Inner core →→ outer core → man-
of the continental slope
tle → lithosphere → asthenosphere →
lithosphere → crust A. Continental Rise
B. Continental Shelf
3871. The black bear’s primary diet is fruit,
nuts, honey, and berries. However, they C. Continental Slope
also like to eat fish and small mammals. D. none of above
Their long, sharp claws make it possible
to climb trees in order to reach some of 3876. The main photosynthetic region of a sea-
their food sources. Black bears also have weed is the
an extremely good sense of smell. Their
long nose allows them to smell up to 20
miles away. This is 100 times better than
humans can smell. The black bear’s tongue
is sticky allowing them to easily eat ants,
berries, and nuts. Black bears also have
extremely strong legs, allowing them to
move rocks and other obstacles out of
their way to get to their food. SELECT

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 423

A. holdfast C. a shallow area of sediment near the


B. gas bladder shore

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


D. a region with high water pressure
C. blade
D. stipe 3882. The steeply sloping region of the conti-
nental margin is the
3877. The major source of carbon dioxide in A. continental slope
seawater is
B. continental shelf
A. from photosynthesis by marine plants.
C. continental rise
B. from rain falling into the ocean.
D. trench
C. from the respiration of marine animals
and other organisms. 3883. True or False:A substance with a pH of
9 is considered basic.
D. from seafloor sediments.
A. True
3878. I transport material along a beach. B. False
What am I.
3884. What forms at a divergent boundary be-
A. Longshore Drift
tween two oceanic plates?
B. Longshore Drift A. rift valley
C. Longnose Drift B. mountain
D. Longway drift C. mid-ocean ridge
3879. Where is the Mariana Trench (the deep- D. trench
est place on Earth)? 3885. What is the largest animal on Earth?
A. Off the coast of Africa A. Blue Whale
B. Off the coast of Australia B. Dumbo octopus
C. Off the coast of Japan C. Anaconda
D. Off the coast of Alaska D. Great White Shark
3880. Which of the following currents is as- 3886. The more salt that is in seawater, the
sociated with downslope movements of more that seawater is
dense sediment-rich water? A. light
A. avalanche current B. heavy
B. density current C. dense
C. turbidity current D. blue
D. longshore current 3887. Which term describes the lowest point
of a wave?
3881. Which best describes the continental
shelf? A. Crest
A. a flat underwater valley B. Trough
B. a region of mountains in the deep C. Wave height
ocean D. Wavelength

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 424

3888. At what depth does photosynthesis in C. Non-El Nino (normal conditions)


plants that occurs in the oceans stop? D. none of above
A. 10m
3893. Which surface would be impermeable?
B. 100 m
C. 1000 m
A.
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3889. The difference between the level of
ocean at high tide and low tide B.
A. Tidal Range
B. Neap Tide
C. Tidal Ringer C.
D. Spring Tide

3890. Identify the acronym that applies:One


D.
of the most widely used deductive proce-
dures in system reliability, maintainability,
and safety analysis. 3894. The Chesapeake Bay is an important en-
A. AUV vironmental resource for all of the reasons
except
B. FTA
A. Many different organisms can safely
C. DSV
live, breed, and raise young here
D. REMUS B. It prevents pollutions from entering
E. UUV the Atlantic Ocean

3891. What current is closest to Virginia, C. It is an appropriate and convenient


bringing us warm water from the Equator? place for waste disposal

A. California D. It is an important source of food

B. North Equatorial 3895. What answer choice best describes an


C. Labrador oil cleanup method that is an economically
viable option to “vacuum” and recover
D. Gulf Stream spilt oil?
3892. The picture represents a(n) event. A. Using Oil Blooms
B. Using Skimmers
C. Using Sorbents
D. Burning In-Situ
E. Hot Water and High Pressure Washing

3896. What is released during transpiration?


A. The boy A. Carbon dioxide from plants
B. The girl B. .Water vapor from animals

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 425

C. Carbon dioxide from animals


D. Water vapor from plants

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


3897. Select all that apply:Which sediment
will dominate the continental shelf?
A. Terrigenous
B. Biogenous A. capillary action
C. Hydrogenous B. surface tension
D. Volcanogenic C. universal solvent
E. Cosmogenic D. specific heat index
3898. Eustatic changes are variations in sea 3903. The tide with the smallest difference be-
level that can be measured all over the tween consecutive high and low tides
world ocean.
A. Neap tide
A. true
B. Spring tide
B. false

3899. What level of beaufort scale is Branches 3904. Select the three main groups of marine
of a moderate size move. Small trees be- life:
gin to sway. A. plankton
A. Moderate breeze B. mammals
B. Fresh breeze C. nekton
C. Strong breeze D. bottom feeders
D. High wind, Moderate Gale, Near Gale E. benthos
3900. The farther down an object is in the
3905. Why do areas of upwelling have high
ocean the it takes for SONAR to
productivity?
reach the boat
A. brings up warm water and nutrients
A. longer
B. brings up cold water
B. shorter
C. washes down nutrients
3901. Which part of the ocean has the coldest
temperatures? D. none of above

A. Continental Rise 3906. The shallow area at the edges of the


B. Deep sea trench continents
C. Seamount A. continental shelf
D. Continental Slope B. continental rise
C. continental slope
3902. A paperclip floating on water is an ex-
ample of what property of water? D. guyot

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 426

3907. An instrument used to estimate the 3912. If you are swimming right off the shore
transparency of seawater, and can pro- you are on the:
vide a relative measure of productivity or A. continental shelf
turbidity (clarity).
B. continental slope
A. Echo Sounding
C. abyss
B. Current Meter
C. GPS D. mid ocean ridge

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Hydrophone 3913. The European “ Age of Discovery” be-
E. Secchi Disk gan with
A. Christopher Columbus’ discovery of
3908. What plate tectonic formation occurs
the “New World”
when plates pull apart from each other?
B. Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnaviga-
A. Converging
tion of the globe
B. Divergent
C. Phoenician exploration of the Mediter-
C. Transform ranean
D. Subduction D. Viking voyages of North America
3909. A solution with a pH of 8.6 would be
3914. Identify the red areas on the map:

A. Acid
B. Base
C. Neutral
D. Acid and Base

3910. What is constructive Interference? A. Active continental margins


A. When two or more waves collide and
B. Passive continental margin
create one bigger wave
C. Mid-Ocean ridge
B. When two or more waves collide and
cancel each other out D. Deep ocean basin
C. When a wave gets bigger with more E. Deep ocean trench
wind
D. When a wave is created by an outside Explanation:
force

3911. What happens to a current when it


comes in contact with a continent or land- 3915. The intertidal zone of oceans
mass? A. receive no sunlight
A. It continues over the continent B. are at the greatest depths under the
B. It stops water
C. It changes direction C. has tides that rise and fall each day
D. It is absorbed by the land D. is the open ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 427

3916. Which type of sediment is primarily de- B. Expansion Upon Freezing


rived from land and transported by rivers
C. High Specific Heat
and wind?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Terrigenous sediment D. Universal Solvent

B. Hydrogenous sediment 3921. Which of the following statements is


C. Biogenous sediment true of surface ocean currents?
D. Cosmogenous sediment A. Surface currents transport warm wa-
ter toward the equator.
3917. Choose the correct option
B. Surface currents concentrate warm
water in the center of the gyre at mid lati-
tudes.
C. Surface currents form circular pat-
terns in the major ocean basins called
“gyres.”
D. Surface currents occur within and be-
A. Arctic Ocean low the pycnocline.
B. Atlantic Ocean 3922. The Coriolis Effect
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
E. Southern Ocean

3918. A primary consumer


A. makes its own food
B. eats other animals
A. Is a main driving factor for deep cur-
C. is a carnivore rents
D. consumes the producer B. Moves clockwise in the Southern Hemi-
sphere
3919. What American led one of the first all-
female crew of aquanauts during the Tek- C. Exists because of the tilt of the Earth’s
tite 2 project (two weeks in an underwa- Axis
ter lab)?
D. Moves clockwise in the Northern Hemi-
A. Jacques Cousteau sphere
B. Jacques Piccard
3923. Who was the first person to map the
C. Sylvia Earle
Gulf Stream?
D. Robert Ballard
A. James Cook
3920. What property of water allows for wa- B. Ben Franklin
ter to act as a temperature regulator for
the world? C. Alexander the Great
A. Cohesive Behavior D. William Ballard

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 428

3924. T1-Which process would bacteria living A. mixed


near a heat vent on the ocean floor use to
B. semidiurnal
build carbon-based molecules, such as sug-
ars? C. diurnal
A. photosynthesis D. neaply spring
B. cellular respiration
C. fermentation 3929. Which process will increase the salinity
of ocean water?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. chemosynthesis
A. evaporation
3925. Name Ocean #2!
B. precipitation
C. Coriolis effect
D. condensation

3930. Water striders can walk across the sur-


face of calm water. Their feet push the sur-
A. Arctic face of the water down slightly, but they
do not break the surface. Why?
B. Atlantic
A. The insects are light enough so they do
3926. Reefs parallel to the shore, but sepa- not break the hydrogen bonds holding the
rated from it by wide, deep lagoons are water molecules together
called
B. The insects actually use their wings to
A. fringing reefs
hover slightly above the water’s surface
B. barrier reefs and they only skim it with their feet.
C. atolls
C. The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they
D. lagoonal reefs are repelled by the polar water molecules
3927. Approximately how much of Earth’s sur- and are pushed away from the water’s
face is covered by water? surface.

A. 70 percent D. The insects are small enough to see


the individual water molecules, so they
B. 30 percent
are able to step carefully from one
C. 50 percent molecule to the next
D. 60 percent
3931. when a solid turns directly to a gas, but
3928. what daily tide pattern?
doesn’t become a liquid first (example:dry
ice)
A. sublimation
B. reservoir
C. nonpolarity
D. hydrophobic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 429

3932. Which ocean is located at number 4? A. Australia


B. Asia

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C. Europe
D. South America

3936. Siliceous ooze is an example of which of


the following sediment types?
A. Biogenous Sediment
A. Atlantic
B. Terrigenous Sediment
B. Pacific
C. Cosmogenous Sediment
C. Arctic
D. Hydrogenous Sediment
D. Indian
E. Lithogenous Sediment
E. Southern
3937. Which of the following means “non liv-
3933. An experiment can best be described as: ing”?
A. A set of observations that become a hy- A. aphotic
pothesis
B. biotic
B. a trip on a research vessel to look at
whales C. abiotic

C. An artificially created situation to test D. photic


a hypothesis 3938. What are 4 issues for deep sea crea-
D. a drawing of a model tures

3934. Identify the current labelled A in the fig- A. minimal light


ure. B. scarce food
C. high water pressure
D. cold temperatures
E. plant life

3939. Which ocean zone does this image rep-


resent?
A. Caribbean Current
B. East Australian Current
C. Equatorial Counter Current
D. Greenland Current

3935. Which continent is located at #3?


A. kelp forest
B. open ocean
C. intertidal zone
D. coral reef

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 430

3940. Which explorer is credited with nam- 3944. What are Mid-Ocean Ridges?
ing the Pacific (peaceful) Ocean, and sailed
around the world? A. A chain of underwater waterfalls
B. A chain of underwater volcanos
C. A chain of underwater mountains
D. A chain of underwater rocks

NARAYAN CHANGDER
3945. What is the pH range of an acid?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Charles Wyville Thompson A. 0-6.9
C. Edward Forbes B. 0-5
D. Ferdinand Magellan C. 7.1-14
3941. The unit for wavelength is
D. 5-10
A. meter
B. meter/second 3946. What percent of the ocean is made of
C. hertz pure water?
D. Second A. 99 %
3942. According to this slide B. 92 %
C. 3.5 %
D. 96.5 %

3947. The curving of Earth’s water due to the


spinning of Earth on its axis is called the
A. CO2 is causing marine life to die by Effect
“poisoning’ the water
B. CO2 is destroying sea shells A. Greenhouse

C. CO2 is formed from the combustion of B. Curvature


Octane
C. Coriolis
D. none of above
D. Spinning
3943. Which statement correctly defines what
happens along tectonic plate boundaries?
3948. Who uses a tank of compressed air to
A. Transform-plates slide under each explore deep under the water?
other
B. Convergent-plates move away from A. scuba diver
each other B. scooby diver
C. Divergent-plates move towards each
other C. scuba diver
D. Transform-plates slide past each other D. Sandy the Squirrel

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 431

3949. The transmission of sound by water can A. 3%


best be described by which of the follow- B. 97%
ing statements:

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C. 66%
A. It is inefficient as compared with trans-
mission by air. D. 70%

B. It is the same as by air. 3954. At which latitudes are the highest sur-
C. It is lacking completely, a property face salinities located? See graph the At-
known as incompressibility. lantic or the Pacific

D. It is more efficient than transmission


by air.

3950. An organism that lives in or on the ocean


floor
A. plankton
B. nekton
A. About 20o N and S latitude
C. benthos
B. About 30o N and S latitude
D. pelagic
3955. Currents release thermal energy, which
3951. Scientists learn and
can affect a location’s
A. how the ocean can help us, how to
keep the ocean safe
B. how the ocean hurts us, how to hurt
the ocean
C. how to fish, how to eat
D. how to sleep, how to sing
A. oxygen
3952. Who was the first person to accurately B. climate
calculate the circumference of the Earth?
C. sunlight
A. Christopher Columbus
D. longitude
B. Eratosthenes
3956. What is the average concentration of
C. Joseph D. McGregor
salt in the oceans?
D. Ptolemy
A. 1.5 to 2.0%
3953. What percentage of the water on Earth B. 2.0 to 2.5%
is in the ocean?
C. 2.5 to 3.0%
D. 3.5 to 3.7%

3957. Why is photosynthesis not able to occur


in the Abyssalpelagic zone?
A. The pressure is too great
B. Sunlight doesn’t reach that depth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 432

C. It is too flat to have photosynthesis D. mid-ocean ridge-continental slope-


D. It is too cold abyssal plain

3958. How can the ocean be used as a source 3963. Water flows through permeable materi-
of alternative energy? als than impermeable materials.
A. slower
A. By using solar energy from the sun
B. faster
B. By building wind farms on land
3964. Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. By drilling for oil and gas reserves
14g and a volume of 2cm3. What is the
D. By harnessing wave and tidal energy
density of the rock?
3959. The transition between the shelf and the A. 7 mL
deep seafloor is
B. 7 g/cm3
A. the submarine canyon.
C. 28 g/cm3
B. the continental slope and rise.
D. 1/7 g/cm3
C. the abyssal plain.
3965. The Atlantic Ocean is the 2nd biggest
D. the mid-ocean ridge. ocean.
3960. What is a trough? A. True
A. highest point on a wave B. False
B. lowest point on a wave 3966. What occurs when a liquid becomes a
C. longest point on a wave gas?
D. shortest point on a wave A. evaporation
B. precipitation
3961. Scientists hypothesize that put oxy-
gen in to the atmosphere due to the ev- C. multing
idence of banded iron formations (”red D. it gets more cold in the air
rock” bands).
3967. Known for his “intrepid courage and
A. photosynthesis by algae
daring” for his behavior during sea battles
B. outgasing by volcanoes in in/around the Chesapeake.
C. comets A. George R. Roberts
D. none of above B. Graybeard
3962. Which is the correct sequence of C. Captain Albert Kendall Hall
seafloor features as you move from the D. Captain John Smith
shoreline outward?
3968. Tides are not caused, or influenced by,
A. continental shelf-continental slope- this:
abyssal plain
A. Sun
B. continental shelf-abyssal plain-
continental slope B. Water density

C. abyssal plain-continental shelf- C. Moon


continental slope D. Earth’s rotation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 433

3969. Which of following is the world’s 3975. Bodies of water that have super high
largest ocean? evaporation end up with:

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A. Indian A. higher salinity and higher density
B. Pacific B. lower salinity and lower density
C. Artic C. higher salinity and lower density
D. Atlantic D. lower salinity and higher density
3970. Nekton are active swimming organisms 3976. Which of the following would decrease
that live where? as a diver travels deeper into the ocean?
A. In the shallow ocean. (Choose all of the correct answers!)
B. In the open ocean. A. Pressure
C. Only at coral reefs. B. Light
D. none of above C. Temperature
D. Salinity
3971. The ocean can absorb large amounts of
carbon dioxide. 3977. The most abundant salt in seawater is
A. True A. calcium chloride
B. False B. magnesium chloride
3972. As densityincreases C. sodium chloride
D. sodium chloride
3978. Most tsunamis happen around this
ocean
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Indian Ocean
C. Coral Sea
A. Temperature decreases
D. Atlantic Ocean
B. Temperature increases
3979. Zone that gets a lot of sunlight hence
3973. What is the thickest layer of the Earth? the warmest of the ocean.
A. the crust A. Epipelagic
B. the mantle B. Mesopelagic
C. the outer core C. Bathypelagic
D. the inner core D. Hadalpelagic
3974. Which does not have an effect on the 3980. Which of the following is TRUE of coral
tides? reef ecosystems?
A. moon A. Contain low species diversity
B. sun B. Found mostly in polar regions
C. centripetal force C. Threatened by human activities such
D. temperature as ocean mining and blast fishing

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 434

D. Highly resistant to changes in water 3986. The process of excessive nutrients


temperature and pH runoff into waterways can cause

3981. A mountain chain that build up slowly A. Global Warming


as melted rock pours out of cracks in the B. Eutrophication
ocean floor is-
3987. The Phoenicians (3000BC-700BC) ex-
A. seamount
plored this body of water
B. mid-ocean ridge

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. trench
D. abyssal plain

3982. The deepest place in the seafloor is


called the
A. abyssal plain
B. deep ocean trench A. The Baltic Sea
C. hydro-thermal vent B. The Mediterranean Sea
D. seamount C. The Pacific Ocean

3983. Is wave height related to wind speed, D. The Arctic Ocean


or wind direction?
3988. Giant spinning ocean currents are called
A. Wind Speed
B. Wind Direction A. eddies
3984. How does multibeam sonar technology B. gyres
work? C. hurricanes
A. By analyzing the movement of marine D. tides
animals
B. By using multiple sonar beams to cre- 3989. The Gulf Stream is a(n)
ate a detailed image of the seafloor. A. river in Florida
C. By measuring the temperature of the B. area of upwelling
water
C. deep ocean current
D. By using radar technology to map the
seafloor D. surface ocean current

3985. Any disturbance that transfers energy 3990. The continental slope is located at the
through matter or empty space is end of the
A. Upwelling A. shoreline
B. Seamount B. continental shelf
C. Wave C. mid ocean ridge
D. Ocean Current D. abyssal plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 435

3991. Who provided the first accurate map of 3995. How old is the first primitive bacteria
the Pacific Ocean after 12 years of explo- discovered?
ration during three voyages? A. 3 of

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A. James Cook B. 3.5 mya
B. Matthew Maury C. 3 mya
C. Charles Darwin D. 3.5 of
D. William Beebe 3996. What did early adventurers observe
about the oceans?
3992. Spring Tides do NOT occur during which
A. Tides
of the following moon phases?
B. Currents
A. New Moon
C. Waves
B. 1st Quarter Moon
D. All of the Above
C. Full Moon
3997. What type of geologic feature is formed
D. Spring Tides occur during all of these at the intersection of two converging con-
moon phases tinental plates?
3993. What is letter C pointing to? A. Volcanic Islands
B. Mountain Ranges
C. Subduction Zones
D. Rift Valleys
3998. What happens to pressure as we move
from the crust to the inner core?
A. abyssal plain A. Pressure Decreases
B. seamount B. Pressure Increases
C. mid-ocean ridge C. Nothing
D. continental shelf D. none of above

3994. Which letter represents mixed interfer- 3999. Seawater , meaning that it forms
ence? layers based on temperature, salinity and
density.
A. floats
B. settles
C. stratifies
D. zonify
4000. What are 3 wave characteristics?
A. A A. wavelength, frequency, wave energy
B. B B. crest, trough, wavelength,
C. C C. wave height, wave motion, crest
D. none of above D. wavelength, frequency, motion

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 436

4001. How many oceans are there?


A. There is only one ocean, we just call it
different names based on location
B. There are a total of five oceans on
earth
C. There are a total of three oceans on
earth A. mantle

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The ocean is split into two, the Pacific B. crust
and Atlantic Ocean
C. inner core
4002. Primary producers would be located at D. outer core
the of an ecological pyramid.
4007. Salinity levels vary around the world.
A. top
Where is salinity typically the lowest? (p.
B. bottom 414)
C. middle A. Subtropical Regions
D. none of above B. Oceans nearest the equator
C. Estuaries
4003. In general, where do you find the high-
est surface salinity on Earth? D. Polar Latitudes
A. 0 degrees (The Equator)
4008. The actual salinity of the oceans tends
B. 20 to 30 degrees N and S to be low where large rivers empty into
the ocean.
C. 40 to 60 degrees N and S
A. true
D. 90 degrees N and S
B. false
4004. The surrounds the North Pole.
4009. Barrier islands form as the direct result
A. Antarctic Ocean
of
B. Southern Ocean
A. erosion
C. Arctic Ocean
B. precipitation
D. Indian Ocean
C. deposition
4005. Chondrites are an example of which of D. abrasion
the following sediment types?
4010. When did exploration of the areas
A. Biogenous
around the Mediterranean Sea begin?
B. Hydrogenous
A. One hundred years ago
C. lithogenous
B. One thousand years ago
D. cosmogenous
C. One million years ago
4006. Identify layer #19. D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 437

4011. What causes the tides to change? 4016. Which of the following were not one of
the major gases in the atmosphere when
A. rotation of the Earth
the moon formed?

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B. magic
A. Water Vapor (H20)
C. gravitational pull from the moon
B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
D. ocean currents
C. Ammonia (NH3)
4012. Which of the following is NOT consid- D. Oxygen (O2)
ered one of the four major oceans?
A. Atlantic 4017. Which color is the last to be diffused in
ocean water? (Hint:Which color do most
B. Pacific unedited pictures underwater look like?)
C. Indian
A. Red
D. Antarctic
B. Blue
4013. How much of the Earth is covered in wa- C. Green
ter?
D. Purple
A. 71%
B. 50% 4018. Density is a physical property of mat-
ter and can be used to classify substances.
C. 97% Density is calculated by which of the fol-
D. 84% lowing?
A. d=v/m
4014. How are hurricanes categorized by us-
ing B. d=m/v
C. d=w/v
D. d=m/w

4019. The movement of water that results


from density differences is
A. Abyssal Plains
B. Salinity
A. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
C. Convection Current
B. The Richter Scale
D. Ocean Current
C. The Scale Bar
D. The hurricane scale bar 4020. the newest ocean floor would be found
where
4015. Which factor, salinity or temperature
A. mid ocean ridge
has a greater control over the density of
ocean water? B. The Gulf of Mexico
A. Salinity C. The South Pacific
B. Temperature D. The Red Sea

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 438

4021. Which layer of the ocean starts at 600 B. rain


feet and extends to 3000 feet?
C. Sun
D. Coriolis effect

4025. Fridtjof Nansen is known for

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. sunlight (epipelagic zone)
B. twilight (mesopelagic)
C. midnight (bathypelagic)
D. trenches (hadalpelagic)

4022. Use the diagram below to identify the


feature at location B. A. developing the first accurate charts of
the Western Pacific
B. freezing his ship to chart the currents
of the Arctic
C. being killed by natives in the Hawaiian
Islands
A. Abyssal plain D. discovering the location of the Titanic
B. Seamount
C. Trench 4026. The blue section of the wave is measur-
ing
D. Continental Slope

4023. Which of the following affects the den-


sity of seawater?
A. estuaries
B. hydrogen bonds
C. salinity
D. none of above A. wavelength
4024. Besides the Moon, the daily tides B. crest
around the world are MOST affected by
the C. trough
A. wind D. wave height

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 439

4027. What is the process where cold, deep 4032. Causesdeflection of currents bc of
water rises to the surface with nutrients? Earth’s rotation

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Wind
B. Coriolis Effect
C. Gravity
D. Gyres
A. Upwelling 4033. The ocean water looked bluish green.
B. Downwelling A. Qualitative
C. Swelling B. Quantitative
D. Tides
4034. A rift valley occurs at a boundary.
4028. Creatures living near the ocean floor A. divergent
are:
B. convergent
A. Plankton C. transform
B. Spongebob and his friends (don’t pick D. horizontal
this one!)
C. Benthos 4035. Sounding:Use of rope and to find the
depths of the ocean floor.
D. Nekton
A. box
4029. a change in state from liquid to gas be- B. tube
low the boiling point of a substance
C. can
A. salinity
D. weight
B. precipitation
4036. What group developed the first mag-
C. evaporation netic compass?
D. condensation A. The Chinese
4030. Which ancient civilization was known B. The Vikings
for their advanced navigational skills and C. The Greeks
explored the Pacific Ocean extensively?
D. The Phoenicians
A. Aztec civilization
4037. Which type of pollution can block sun-
B. Mayan civilization
light from reaching plants, cover up bot-
C. Inca civilization tom dwellers, and carry heavy metals?
D. Polynesian civilization

4031. Which ocean is to the east of the African


continent?
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Southern Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean A. Sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 440

B. Thermal and noise B. South Indian Current


C. Microplastics C. South Pacific Current
D. Excess nutrients D. Western Australian Current
4038. The deepest part of the ocean floor is E. West Wind Drift (Antarctic Circumpo-
a/an lar Current)
A. abyssal plain
4043. What important nonrenewable natu-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. continental rise ral resource from Virginia’s Appalachian
C. continental slope Plateau, are the yellow arrows pointing
D. ocean trench to

4039. How long ago did the Polynesians begin


to sail the Pacific Ocean?
A. Last Friday
B. 1492
C. 2, 000 years ago
D. 30, 000 years ago

4040. Which type of current occurs when sur-


face water on the ocean becomes denser
than the water below it and sinks A. oil
A. Coriolis Current B. natural gas
B. Deep Current C. coal
C. Surface Current D. halite
D. Upwelling
4044. What technology allows scientists to
4041. The heat needed to melt ice is called the study the ocean floor?
A. heat of fusion A. Satellites
B. heat of vaporization B. Sonar
C. specific heat
C. Submersibles
D. hydrogen bonding
D. B and C
4042. Identify the current labelled I in the fig- E. A, B, and C
ure.
4045. Which is a fish in the demersal fish
group?
A. Eagle fish
B. one-eyed fish
C. bamboo leaf fish
A. South Atlantic Current D. anchovies

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 441

4046. Choose the answer choice that best de- C. Abyssal


scribes any manmade object that enters
D. Benthic
the coastal or marine environment

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A. marine debris 4051. What is the day to day changes in the
B. sewage air?
C. oil from sporting events A. Weather
D. packaging materials B. Climate
4047. transform boundary C. Storms
D. Earth’s Rotation
A.
4052. What are the 3 geological stages of
coral reefs?
B. A. Fringing reef, barrier reef, & atoll.
B. Crowning reef, barrier reef, & atoll.
C. C. Fringing reef, volcanic reef, & atoll.
D. Fringing reef, barrier reef, &
D. none of above seamount.

4048. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006) 4053. What is the primary source of municipal
textbook, the Coriolis Effect is caused by and industrial water?
A. Glaciers and ice caps
A. the moon’s gravitational pull
B. Lakes and streams
B. the varying distances between the
Earth and the Sun at different times of C. The ground
year D. Desalinated ocean water
C. the Earth’s spherical shape
D. the Earth’s rotation 4054. The word tsunami means in
A. massive wave / Japanese
4049. The zone where you can commonly find
barnacles, mussels and seaweeds all to- B. harbor wave / Japanese
gether on a rocky coast is called the C. harbor wave / English
A. Upper Intertidal Zone
D. big wave / Chinese
B. Supratidal Zone
C. Pelagic Zone 4055. What technique would be the best to
find a shipwreck in the Bermuda triangle?
D. Mid-Intertidal Zone
A. Celestial Navigation
4050. This zone of the ocean is the closest to
the shore. B. Tidal Charts
A. Intertidal C. Magnetic Pulses
B. Oceanic D. SONAR

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 442

4056. The hard, rasping, tongue like organ 4061. Who was interested in polar currents
found in most mollusks and froze his ship in the polar ice to record
A. siphon the movement of the ice flows?

B. radula A. Fridtjof Nansen

C. head foot B. Spencer F. Baird


D. mantle C. Matthew F. Maury
D. Benjamin Franklin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4057. The relatively thin layer of water cover-
ing the lithosphere is the
4062. The deep, flat part of the ocean bottom
A. asthenosphere. is-
B. hydrosphere. A. seamount
C. atmosphere. B. mid-ocean ridge
D. biosphere. C. trench
4058. Warm ocean currents generally come D. abyssal plain
from
4063. Where is the continental slope located?
A. on the ocean floor
B. land between the continental shelf and
the ocean floor
C. near the beach

A. The North Pole D. none of above

B. The South Pole 4064. Which of the following is not dissolved


C. The Equator in ocean water?
D. Both A and B

4059. Select the two properties of salt water


A. scatter light better
B. create tsunamis
C. make sound travel better
D. none of above A. salt

4060. As latitude increases, sea surface B. sediments


temperature C. gases
A. decreases D. toxins
B. increases
4065. The circular arrows inside the Earth’s
C. remains the same Mantle represent what type of motion,
D. none of above that drives ALL plate movement?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 443

4069. The first Europeans to colonize North


America were

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A. Spanish/Portuguese
B. Greeks
C. Viking
D. French
A. Convergent Boundary
4070. The following water areas that have
B. Ocean Currents high salinity are
C. Convection Currents A. Mediterranean Sea
D. Transform Boundary B. Pacific Ocean
4066. Rogue waves tend to occur C. Java Sea
A. where storm waves move against D. Selat Baffin
strong surface currents E. Tasman Sea
B. in areas where wind belts converge 4071. Pollution that RUNS OFF of farms,
C. in coastal areas with weak sea mines, etc is called pollution.
breezes A. Desalination
D. none of above B. Non-Point
4067. Dredge:A large metal or canvas bag C. Point
thatis scraped along the ocean floor to D. NonRenewable
collectseafloor creatures such as oysters,
clams, seacucumbers. 4072. Fossiliferous limestone is an example of
which of the following sediment types?
A. Biogenous
B. Hydrogenous
C. lithogenous
D. cosmogenous

4073. The difference between high tide and


A. Ocean low tide in the Bay of Fundy can be as
B. Marine great as 40 feet
C. Fishing A. True
D. Swimming B. False

4068. “Density” to 4074. What evidence did Wegener use to sup-


port his theory?
A. thickness
A. Continents and fossils fitting
B. density together/matching-up like puzzle pieces
C. length B. glacier scars and other climate evi-
D. none of above dence from temperature

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 444

C. mountain ranges and rocks line up 4079. Which of the following scenarios is NOT
across continents a mission for the US Coast Guard?
D. all of the above A. Patrolling national parks
B. Enforcing maritime laws
4075. Two divers are diving in clear ocean wa-
C. Rescuing stranded hikers
ter at a depth of 175 m. One diver shows
a white marker board to the other with D. Protecting the environment
writing on it. What color will the marker
4080. The eyes of a hurricane is also called a:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
board appear to be?
A. Updraft
A. orange
B. Downdraft
B. blue
C. Wall cloud
C. violet D. Funnel cloud
D. red 4081. Higher temperature =
4076. currents that occur at or near the sur- A. Higher density
face of the ocean, caused by wind B. Lower density
A. Ocean Current 4082. The blue section of the wave is measur-
B. Surface Current ing

C. Deep Current
D. Wave Period

4077. Humans throughout the world compete


with each other and other organisms for
water resources. Which technique is best
used to manage water resources and al- A. wavelength
low all components of the environment to B. crest
share them? C. trough
A. draining wetlands D. amplitude
B. restricting irrigation 4083. What is the correct order from the ocean
C. building a hydroelectric dam surface to the ocean floor?
D. diverting rivers through canals and
channels

4078. Which ocean zone has the most pressure


and lowest temperatures?
A. Sunlight Zone
B. Abyssal Zone
C. Twilight Zone
D. Midnight Zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 445

A. epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, 4088. A behavior that has been developed


abyssopelagic, hadalpelagic from experience.

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B. epipelagic, hadalpelagicabyssopelagic, A. social
mesopelagic, bathypelagic, B. innate
C. bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadalpelag- C. learned
icepipelagic, mesopelagic, D. aggression
D. hadalpelagic, abyssopelagicbathy-
4089. Select the answer choice that is true
pelagic, mesopelagic, epipelagic,
about the “ozone hole” in the Antarctic.
4084. Daily changes in the level of ocean wa- A. the ozone hole in the Antarctic exceeds
ter the size of the continent there
A. Algae B. very low winter temperatures in the
Antarctic stratosphere cause PSCs to
B. Wave form
C. Brackish Water C. reactions with PSCs allow chlorine and
D. Tide bromine reactions to produce the ozone
hole in Antarctic springtime
4085. Which statement regarding tectonics is D. the same “ozone hole” found in the
false? Antarctic occurs in the Arctic
A. The plates can not generate enough 4090. Global winds are described as:The sun’s
energy to change the shape of the ocean energy is most direct or strongest at the
floor. equator and most spread out or weakest
B. The earth is made of large plates. at the poles, this causes unequal heating
(the cause of global winds)
C. The earth’s surface floats on slowly
moving mantle. A. true
D. none of above B. false
4091. Who was the leader of the fleet that
4086. Published the Physical Geography of the was first to circumnavigate the world?
Sea, called the “Father of Oceanography”
A. Magellan
A. Charles Wilkes
B. Vespucci
B. Matt Maury C. Balboa
C. Ben Franklin D. Darwin
D. none of above
4092. Earth’s primordial atmosphere most
likely included
4087. Which process uses oxygen through a
chemical process? A. ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
water vapor
A. Respiration
B. carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur
B. Decomposition dioxide, and methane
C. Oxidation C. hydrogen, helium, and oxygen
D. Combustion D. nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 446

4093. Which layer of the Earth is the most B. oxygen


dense? C. chemicals
A. crust D. thermoline
B. mantle
4100. The branch of science that deals with the
C. inner core
physical and biological properties and phe-
D. outer core nomena of the sea is
4094. The northern hemisphere is covered by A. Biology

NARAYAN CHANGDER
slightly more water than land (61%). B. Chemistry
A. true C. Physics
B. false D. Oceanography
4095. Which ocean is mostly, but not entirely, 4101. Why is free oxygen important to have
in the southern hemisphere? in our atmosphere?
A. Arctic Ocean A. it combines with iron in volcanic rocks
B. Indian Ocean B. it can form ozone and block UV radia-
C. Pacific Ocean tion
D. Southern Ocean C. it’s necessary for photosynthesis to oc-
cur
4096. causes surface currents.
D. reduces atmospheric temperature
A. The Coriolis Effect
B. gravity 4102. What is the deepest area in the sea?
C. density differences A. Mariana Trench
D. wind B. Phillipline Trench
C. The Deepest Trench
4097. keeps track of weather patterns
D. none of above
A. NOAA
B. Ballard 4103. Marine explorer and environmentalist
concerned with life in the Oceans 1950’s-
C. Diving Bell
1990’s. Had a TV documentary in the
D. Challenger 1970s. Invented the Aqualung = SCUBA.
4098. Emission of visible light by organisms A. Captain Roald Amundsen
A. bioluminescence B. Jacques Cousteau
B. copepods C. Admiral Robert Peary
C. diatoms D. Alfred Wegener
D. dinoflagellates 4104. have little or no grasses. They have
4099. Diatoms (tiny plants) take carbon diox- dark mud from decomposing bacteria and
ide and energy from the sunlight and give smell bad because of decaying organisms.
off A. Mud Flats
A. light B. Mangroves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 447

C. Tide Pools B. 1000 hours


D. Salt Marshes C. 1000 months

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4105. Where are the world’s largest tidal D. 1000 years
ranges found?
4111. The locations of volcanoes and earth-
A. Gulf of California quakes is evidence for (a) .
B. Chesapeake Bay A. a Plate Tectonics
C. Bay of Fundy B. Theory of Pangea
D. Amazon River C. Continental Drift
4106. What causes a change in global weather D. none of above
patterns by periodically changing the loca-
tion of warm and cool surface waters? 4112. True of False:The Phoenicians tried to al-
ways travel within eyesight of land
A. Coriolis Effect
A. False
B. Global warming
B. True
C. The boy
D. Gravitational pull of moon on Earth’s 4113. When a river reaches its mouth, it may
oceans drop sediment and form a

4107. How much salt is in something is called A. bog


B. basin
A. Salinity C. delta
B. Evaporation D. divide
C. Seamount
4114. The highest point on a wave is:
D. none of above
A. the crest
4108. The 2011 Japanese tsunami was caused B. the trough
by:
C. the top
A. Mt. Fuji erupted
D. the coast
B. a 9.0 underwater earthquake
C. a meteorite crashing in the Pacific 4115. Magellan died
D. none of the above A. in 1583
B. at sea
4109. Plate subduction takes place in deep
ocean trenches. C. in Hawaii
A. True D. in the Phillipines
B. False 4116. Measure of the amount of dissolved
4110. Approximately how long does the circu- salts in seawater. Effects the density of
lation of deep water masses take to com- sea water
plete a full ocean circulation? A. Sea Floor spreading
A. 1000 days B. Salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 448

4117. Phylum Comb jellies belong to 4123. What is the name of the first sub-
A. Cnidarians mersible to travel down to Challenger
Deep?
B. Porifera
C. Cubozo
D. Ctenophora
4118. Small, usually microscopic plant or an-
imal organisms that float or drift in the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ocean
A. dinoflagellates
B. plankton
A. ALVIN
C. aphotic
D. benthic B. Trieste
C. Deepsea Challenger
4119. Which of the following is a factor that
contributes to the shaping of shorelines? D. Bathyscaphe
A. waves 4124. Cahesion?
B. tides A. Time middle zone in the ocean in which
C. currents density increases rapidly with depth
D. all of these B. The region between the breaking
waves and the shore
4120. Mr. Chaney family includes the follow-
ing people? C. Attachment of water molecules to
each other by hydrogen bonds
A. Squiward, Songebob, Krustycrab and
Krabby Patty D. An element that occurs in constant pro-
B. Fred, Wilma, Barny and Pebbles portion in sea water

C. Velma, Scooby, Shaggy and Fred 4125. What is the distance between two
D. Cherie, Josh and Lindsey waves?
A. wave period
4121. This phytoplankton is the most domi-
nant in the world. B. wave frequency
A. Dinoflagellates C. wave length
B. Diatoms D. wave height
C. Protista
4126. Who invented and developed underwa-
D. none of above ter vehicles such as the bathyscaphe? The
4122. The environment is the ocean floor. Trieste was well-known example.
A. pelagic A. Jacques Cousteau
B. neritic B. Jacques Piccard
C. oceanic C. Sylvia Earle
D. benthic D. Robert Ballard

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 449

4127. What is the order of Earth’s three major C. The sun’s rays can penetrate (go in)
oceans from largest to smallest? deeper

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D. None of the above

4132. Which ship responded to the Titanic’s


distress call?
A. None
B. Olympic

A. Atlantic Ocean (largest), Pacific Ocean, C. British


and Indian Ocean (smallest) D. Carpathia
B. Pacific Ocean (largest), Atlantic Ocean
and Indian Ocean (smallest) 4133. Which abbreviation of an air mass can
be identified as dry and hot?
C. Indian Ocean (largest), Pacific Ocean
and Atlantic Ocean (smallest)
D. Pacific Ocean (largest), Indian Ocean
and Atlantic Ocean (smallest)

4128. What drives deep Ocean currents?


A. tides
B. differences in oxygen content
C. gravity
A. cP
D. Coriolis effect
B. mP
4129. The highest point of a wave is the
C. cT
A. Trough
D. mT
B. Wave height
C. Wave length 4134. In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis
D. Crest effect causes currents to do which of the
following?
4130. What device enables scientists to cap-
ture the plankton.
A. bucket disks
B. Nansen bottle
C. None of these
D. seini net
A. curve counterclockwise
4131. Why does the ocean retain (hold in) heat
longer? B. curve clockwise
A. The wind breeze C. reverse direction
B. The equator D. sink

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 450

4135. This animal is an D. a type of ship capable of to the bottom


of the ocean

4139. Otters were nearly hunted to extinction


before the century.
A. 18th
B. 19th
C. 20th

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. invertebrate
B. mammal D. 21 st

C. fish E. 17th

D. none of above 4140. Oxygen can enter the ocean


A. through respiration
4136. Mosquito belongs to what kingdom?
B. by product of photosynthesis
C. decomposition
D. oxidation of metals
E. by mixing with air at the surface

4141. Which answer best summarizes the dia-


gram above?

A. Animal Kingdom
B. Plant Kingdom
C. Fungi Kingdom
D. Protista Kingdom
A. Warm currents carry water from the
4137. The Gulf stream carries water from equator. Cold currents carry water to the
the east coast of the United States to the poles.
west coast of Europe.
B. Warm currents carry water from the
A. Cold poles. Cold currents carry water from
B. Warm equator.
C. Fresh C. Warm currents carry water from the
equator. Cold currents carry water from
D. Freezing
the poles.
4138. What is the purpose of a submarine? D. Warm currents carry water to the
A. watercraft capable of independent op- equator. Cold currents carry water from
eration underwater the poles.
B. it is a type of sandwich eaten by ma- 4142. What is the process that bacteria use to
rine scientists produce sugar at the bottom of the ocean
C. to help marine scientists breathe un- called?
derwater for extended periods of time A. photosynthesis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 451

B. chemosynthesis 4147. The largest type of zooplankton is


C. hydrosynthesis

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D. hydrolysis

4143. If the first low tide of the day occurs at


7 a.m., what time will the next low tide
occur?

A. Krill
B. Jellyfish
C. Sargassum
D. dinoflagellate
A. 1 pm
B. 1 am 4148. As marine organisms die, their solid
parts drift to the bottom of the ocean,
C. 7 pm causing salts to be seawater.
D. 7 am A. added to
B. removed from
4144. The measure of the amount of chemical
elements in seawater is called 4149. Which of the following is the major
A. Moisture source of energy responsible for the wa-
ter cycle?
B. Humidity
A. wind
C. Salinity B. rain
D. Saltiness C. fossil fuels

4145. “Swimmers” such as whales, sea lion, D. the sun


and dolphins are called 4150. A is a layer of water with an rapid
A. Nekton increase in density.
B. Plankton A. pycnocline

C. Benthos B. thermocline
C. incline
D. Fish
D. decline
4146. What is the periodic rise and fall of the
4151. How much of the Earth’s surface do
level of water in the ocean known as?
oceans cover?
A. Wave A. 15%
B. Tide B. 71%
C. Current C. 93%
D. Salinity D. 52%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 452

4152. How are most waves on the ocean’s sur- 4159. How many continetal plates are there?
face generated? A. 5
A. Wind B. 2
B. Upwelling C. 1
C. Tides D. 8
D. The Moon
4160. Which phenomenon is associated with

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4153. Large amounts of evaporation will in- increased upwelling?
crease salinity. A. The boy
A. True B. The girl
B. False C. Pacific Decadal Oscillation
4154. Where are most divergent boundaries D. Hurricanes
located? 4161. The expulsion of zooxanthellae when
A. Along the middle of most ocean floors ocean temperatures change too quickly is
B. Along the margins of most continents known as

C. Across the middle of many continents A. coral bleaching


B. coral shading
D. All the above options are correct
C. coral tinting
4155. Ocean crust is made of , continental
D. coral staining
crust is made of
A. ocean = granite, continental = basalt 4162. Ocean water is healthy for drinking.
B. ocean = basalt, continental = granite

4156. The continental slope is steep, much like


a cliff.
A. True
B. False
A. true
4157. benthic plants that live on the sea floor
B. false
A. epiflora
B. inflora 4163. It is a scale for measuring wind speeds.
A. Beaufort Scale
C. epifauna
B. Wind Speed
D. infauna
C. Anemometer
4158. Characteristics of a deepwater current?
D. hygrometer
A. Low salt levels-Low temperature
4164. Really deep places are called and
B. High salt levels-Low Temperatures many of them can be found in the West-
C. High Temperatures-Low Salt levels ern Pacific Ocean.
D. High salt levels-High Temperatures. A. caverns

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 453

B. valleys
C. trenches

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D. abyssals

4165. Name means “stomach foot”


A. clockwise
A. Gastropods
B. counterclockwise
B. Mollusca
4170. The position before the wave occurs on
C. Cephalopods a transverse wave is the
D. Bivalves A. crest
B. trough
4166. Which set of lines run east west but
measure north or south of the equator C. resting position
(+90 to-90 degrees)? D. peak
4171. Which subfield of oceanography designs
and maintains oceanic instruments?
A. physical
B. conservation
C. engineering
A. longitude D. biological

B. latitude 4172. The morphology below that was formed


due to seabed divergence is
4167. The first oceans on Earth developed A. mid oceanic ridge
around billion years ago.
B. collision
A. 3.5
C. oceanic trench
B. 2.5 D. abyssal plain
C. 2.0 E. afotic zone
D. 1.0 4173. Based on the diagram, which statement
correctly describes geostrophic flow in the
4168. Abyssal clay is an example of which of
Northern Hemisphere?
the following sediment types?
A. Water flows directly from high to low
A. Biogenous pressure without any deflection
B. Hydrogenous B. Water flows downhill due to gravity
C. lithogenous and is deflected to the right by the Cori-
olis force
D. cosmogenous
C. Water flows uphill against gravity and
4169. In the Northern hemisphere, off the east is deflected to the left by the Coriolis force
coast of the US, hurricanes typically travel D. Water flows in a straight line parallel
in a direction. to the equator

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 454

4174. Sediments produced by plants and ani- C. mid ocean ridge


mals in the sea are called D. rift
A. Biogenous
4179. Which best describes the continental
B. Hydrogenous shelf?
C. Volcanogenic
D. Cosmogenous
E. Terrigenous

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4175. Objects traveling the southern hemi-
sphere current move than the northern
A. a flat underwater valley
hemisphere currents. Objects in the south-
ern hemisphere take years to return B. a region of mountains in the deep
back to the original departure point. ocean
A. slower C. a shallow area of sediment near the
shore
B. quicker
D. a region with high water pressure
C. 3
D. 6 4180. Plants release water into the atmo-
sphere through a process called
4176. Which part of the ocean floor would ex-
A. evaporation
perience the most pressure?
B. transpiration
A. Continental Shelf
C. infiltration
B. Abyssal Plain
D. precipitation
C. Trenches
D. Seamounts 4181. Which of the following is NOT the name
of an ocean?
4177. How are waves generated?
A. Austrian
A. By the rotation of the Earth
B. Atlantic
B. By the gravitational pull of the moon
C. Pacific
C. By the movement of tectonic plates
D. Arctic
D. By the heat from the sun
4182. Which of the following organisms is a
4178. The deepest place in Earth’s crust isa(n) producer?
A. Parrot Fish
B. Corals
C. Kelp
D. Shrimp

4183. Two valves, or shells, made of glass-


A. abyssal plain like substance.
B. trench A. diatom

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 455

B. dinoflagellate 4188. Large mountain ridges under the ocean


that are formed when molten material
C. Both diatoms and dinoflagellates
from deep within the Earth flow up to the

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


D. Neither diatoms or dinoflagellates surface.

4184. Coral bleaching is A. Deep ocean trench

A. an overgrowth of algae B. abyssal plain

B. when coral polyps reject the photosyn- C. guyot


thetic cells living inside D. mid-ocean ridge
C. a disease that attacks coral
4189. What type of deep ocean sediment is
D. how marine biologists clean up the most common in the deep-ocean basins sur-
coral rounding Antarctic?

4185. Ocean currents have an affect on which A. authigenic deposits


two things B. diatom ooze
C. calcareous ooze
D. hydrogenous deposits

4190. The Mariana Trench is


A. the science that studies the ocean
B. the deepest area in the ocean
A. climate and weather
4191. One of the world’s leading experts in
B. temperature and density deep sea submersible diving is
C. land and sea A. James Cook
D. equator and poles B. Matthew Maury

4186. the capacity to do work C. Sylvia Earle

A. energy D. Fridtjof Nansen

B. biomass 4192. Life deep in the ocean is possible be-


C. carbon cycle cause of

D. zone A. light
B. hydrogen sulfide
4187. What are tides caused by?
C. energy
A. Earthquakes and the gravitational pull
of the earth D. pressure

B. Earthquakes and the gravitational pull 4193. Vertical movement of nutrient-rich


of the sun and moon ocean water
C. None of these answers are accurate A. upwelling
D. none of above B. neap tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 456

4194. In the dreariest deepest depths of the 4198. Which location in the diagram above is
ocean one theory states that life began most likely to have the greatest pressure,
near the coldest temperature and the greatest
A. sun spots density?

B. where darkness lay, so can light ap-


pear
C. underwater caves

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. hydro-thermal vents
E. did we talk about this? I was not pay- A. 1
ing attention B. 2
4195. Why does ice float? C. 3
A. As water freezes, the molecules D. 4
spread out decreasing its density. 4199. On the ocean floor shown, which group
B. As water freezes, it takes up more hy- or single letter(s) is closer to a passive con-
drogen from the atmosphere, causing it to tinental margin?
have a greater buoyancy.
C. As water freezes, air gets trapped
making it more dense
D. As water freezes, it takes up more oxy-
gen from the atmosphere, causing it to be
more dense A. A, B and C
B. F and G
4196. How does temperature and salinity af-
C. D and F
fect deep currents?
D. None of the above
A. As temperature decreases and salinity
increases the water becomes more dense 4200. Salts are removed from seawater by
B. As temperature decreases and salinity biological processes and the formation of
increases the water becomes less dense evaporites.
C. As temperature increases and salin- A. true
ity decreases the water becomes more B. false
dense
4201. Suppose there is a drought in this area.
D. As temperature increases and salinity
The level of the river drops because of it.
increases the water becomes less dense
What else could happen here?
4197. Decreasing ocean temperature causes
the density of the water to
A. decrease
B. increase
C. stay the same
D. fluctuate

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 457

A. The river will immediately rise again. 4206. The ocean’s salinity near the equator
B. The water table will rise. tends to be above average. What is the
best explanation for this?

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C. The water table will fall.
D. A new aquifer will form. A. The equatorial winds concentrate the
salts and minerals into those areas
4202. What are some potential effects of the
increase carbon and ph in the ocean? B. The higher temperatures increases
evaporation which concentrates the salts
A. shells of clams are becoming weaker and minerals
B. coral reefs could potentially begin to
dissolve C. The surface currents concentrate the
salts and minerals into those areas
C. other fish that eat clams could die off
D. More salts and minerals enters the
D. people that rely on seafood as a
ocean at the equatorial regions due to the
source of food could starve
presence of large rivers such as the Ama-
4203. A wave can make a leaf bob up and zon River.
down on the water, but it cannot move
the leaf toward the shore. This is because 4207. Ocean Engineering is the study of
waves only transfer
A. marine pollution and human effects on
A. matter the ocean.
B. energy
B. instruments and technology used to ex-
C. media plore the ocean.
D. crests
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes
4204. The movement that carries energy and mountains.
through space or matter is known as:
D. ocean currents and motions of the
ocean.

4208. Created an underwater breathing device


A. Jacques Cousteau
B. Dr. Robert Ballard
A. Waves
C. Jacques Piccard
B. Frequency
C. Modulation D. Dr. Sylvia Earle
D. Undulation
4209. Who voyaged to the Mediterranean and
4205. Which of the following is an issue that Atlantic in 1500 BC?
that the Ocean has?
A. Ptolemy
A. Pollution
B. Arab traders
B. An asteroid is going to hit the ocean
C. Humans drink too much water C. Aristotle
D. Kaiser cannonballed into the ocean D. Phoenicians

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 458

4210. The main difference between ocean wa- C. 3 and 7


ter and lake water is that ocean water D. 4 and 8
contains-
A. oxygem 4214. The majority of tsunami are caused by
underwater
B. plants
A. volcanic eruptions
C. algae
B. fault movement
D. salt

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. turbidity currents
4211. What is the largest lake on the planet D. avalanches
that was historically part of the Mediter-
ranean? 4215. A tsunami can be one wave or a group
A. Caspian Sea of waves

B. Black Sea A. true

C. Study Sea B. false

D. Dead Sea 4216. Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all exam-
ples of
4212. What ocean floor feature is the steep,
cliff-like drop from the edge of the conti- A. evaporation
nent to the ocean floor? B. condensation
A. Trench C. accumulation
B. Continental Slope D. precipitation
C. Continental Shelf 4217. The 8 levels of classification, most
D. Abyssal Plain broad to most specific.

4213. The diagram below shows the Moon


orbiting Earth, as viewed from space
above Earth’s North Pole. The Moon
is shown at eight positions in its or-
bit.springoceantidesoccur when the differ-
ence in height between high tide and low
tide is greatest. At which two positions of
the Moon willspringtidesoccur on Earth?

A. Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class,


Phylum, Kingdom, Species
B. Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus,
Phylum, Family, Class, Order
A. 1 and 5 C. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Or-
B. 2 and 6 der, Family, Genus, Species

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 459

D. Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phy- 4222. An instrument that determines the con-
lum, Family, Class, Genus centration of salt solutions by measuring
their density.

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4218. The highest salinity would be found in
A. Hydrometer
which of the following areas?
B. Refractometer
A. an area with high rates of precipitation
C. Salinometer
B. an area with high rates of evaporation
D. none of above
C. an area with plenty of runoff
D. all of the above 4223. The range of ocean floor mountains that
goes around the world.
4219. The agent of erosion and deposition
pounds against the shoreline braking rock
apart creating sand. It deposits sand to
form beaches. It also moves or erodes
sand away from beaches
A. Ocean currents
B. Waves
A. Continental Shelf
C. Tides
B. Mrs. Beaks
D. none of above
C. Mid-Ocean-Ridge
4220. The Coriolis Effect is caused by D. Seamount

4224. The deepest parts of the ocean are


called
A. trenches
B. abyss
C. deep sea plain
D. guyot
A. Earth rotating around the sun
4225. True or False. Salinity affects density.
B. Earth rotating on its axis
A. True
C. The tides
B. False
D. Gravity
4226. Which of the following is not a way wa-
4221. What does all ocean life depend on ter enters the ocean?
A. Zooplankton A. groundwater discharge
B. Phytoplankton B. precipitation
C. Fish C. condensation
D. A stable ecosystem D. sublimation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 460

4227. Which organism provides most of the air 4232. Terrigenous?


we breath? A. made from chemical precipitates in the
A. crab sea water
B. plankton B. from the shells and bones of living
things
C. whale
C. from the land, travels down streams
D. algae and rivers to the ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4228. Which of the world’s ocean is the deep- D. very fine sediment from outer space
est? origins
A. Arctic E. sediments from volcanic activity
B. Atlantic 4233. The San Andreas Fault in California is an
C. Indian example of a

D. Pacific A. transform boundary


B. divergent boundary
4229. What answer choice best describes the
C. convergent boundary
natural ability to produce light in the dark
areas of the ocean where light can’t reach? D. rift zone
(From Chapter 1.1)
4234. A semi-enclosed area where fresh wa-
A. bioluminescence ter from a river meets salty water from
B. bio-goomin-feasants the sea.
C. jelly vs. jellyfish debate A. Watershed

D. the lights from the Deepsea Chal- B. Groundwater


lenger C. Estuary
E. the lights from the Trieste D. oalOcean

4230. Mostly or totally in the southern hemi- 4235. As density increases what happens to
sphere salinity?
A. Pacific
B. Arctic
C. Atlantic
D. Southern

4231. Is the statement True or False? Accord-


ing to your textbook, livestock sewage A. As density increases salinity increases
concerns are the same as human sewage B. As density increases salinity de-
concerns, although sometimes on a larger creases
scale.
C. As density increases salinity remains
A. True constant
B. False D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 461

4236. This area is a very harsh environment in A. Captain James Cook


the ocean due to tides crashing and reced- B. Benjamin Franklin
ing.

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C. Nathaniel Bowditch
A. Bathyal Zone
D. Robert Ballard
B. Talk Zone
C. Abyssal Zone 4241. The water that is found in the oceans is
D. Intertidal Zone known as seawater
A. True
4237. What is a characteristic of the currents
on the western side of oceanic gyres com- B. False
pared to the eastern side?
4242. What are all the steps of the water cy-
A. They are shallower cle?
B. They are warmer
A. Evaporation, condensation, precipita-
C. They are less intense tion, collection/accumulation
D. They are more intense B. evaporation, runoff, population
4238. Which of the following statements C. condensation, precipitation, popula-
about Charles Darwin is not true? tion, drought
A. Darwin was the first to use a D. precipitation, evaporation, runoff
chronometer timepiece.
4243. are formed when two longshore cur-
B. Darwin served as a naturalist on the
rents combine. You should to escape
HMS Beagle.
them.
C. Darwin used nets to capture plankton.
A. Rip Currents, swim parallel to the
D. Darwin explained the formation of beach
atolls.
B. Rip Currents, swim straight back to-
4239. What is defined as “the oceanographic wards the beach
phenomenon that involves the wind-
C. Tsunami, climb to a high area
driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually
nutrient-rich water from deep water rising D. Tsunami, learn how to surf the wave
towards the ocean surface”?
4244. How many oceans are there on Earth?
A. Upwelling
A. 4
B. The girl
B. 5
C. The boy
D. The Coriolis Effect C. 6
D. 7
4240. The first chart of the Atlantic Gulf
Stream current was developed by 4245. Which means the same as lithogenous?
A. biogenous
B. authigenous
C. terrigenous
D. cosmogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 462

4246. Which of the following marine resources 4251. Where does most of the salt in the ocean
is used to make wallboard or sheet rock? come from?
A. Evaporative salts A. tropical heat
B. Manganese nodules B. rain
C. Phosphorite C. rivers and streams
D. Sand and gravel D. volcanic activity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4247. Which ocean has the greatest average 4252. What is it called when coral turns
depth? white?
A. Atlantic A. whitening
B. Indian B. Coral Bleaching
C. Pacific C. Coral Blizzard
D. Arctic D. Coral Color Change

4248. regular, long-period waves that have 4253. Which of the following best describes
sorted themselves based on speed the driving force for surface currents?
A. longshore current A. The gravity of the moon
B. sediment B. Undercurrents
C. longshore transport C. Wind
D. littoral drift D. The gravity of the Sun
E. swell E. The electromagnetic shield surround-
ing Earth
4249. Who created a specially designed ship
to withstand pressure from the ice when 4254. Which gas is the ocean the main store-
exploring the arctic? house of?
A. Muller A. Oxygen
B. Nansen B. Nitrogen
C. Transition C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Maury D. Hydrogen

4250. Sediments found on continental margins 4255. This is a location along coasts were
are called fresh water and salt water mix.
A. estuarine A. Delta Sediments
B. continental B. Estuary
C. neritic C. Heads of rivers
D. pelagic D. Waves
E. oceanic E. Blender zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 463

4256. Choose the correct option 4260. How do scientists use sonar to study
Earth’s oceans?

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A. to map ocean currents
B. to map the ocean floor
C. to measure water density
D. to measure underwater earthquakes

4261. WHICH CURRENTS AFFECT THE COAST


A. Bearing Strait OF NORTH AMERICA?

B. Hudson Bay A. CALIFORNIA

C. Baffin Bay B. GULF STREAM


C. BRAZIL
D. Labrador Sea
D. KUROSHIO
4257. Which factor mostly causes waves and
E. HUMBOLDT
why?
A. Wind mostly causes waves, because it 4262. What do you call a place where fresh
transfers its energy to the surface of the water and salt water meet?
water. A. a marsh
B. The moon mostly causes waves, be- B. a swamp
cause it transfers its energy to the sur- C. a river
face of the water.
D. an estuary
C. Wind mostly causes waves, because
of its gravitational pull. 4263. What is the main advantage of a
D. The moon mostly causes waves, be- ROV/AUV over a submersible?
cause its gravitational pull. A. small and maneuverable
B. withstand great amount of pressure
4258. What percentage of Earth’s freshwater
is found in lakes, streams, groundwater, C. safe to navigate and handle
and water vapor in the atmosphere? D. all of the above
A. Less than 0.65% E. none of the above
B. Exactly 0.65%
4264. Which current affects climate?
C. More than 1% A. trade currents
D. About 2.5% B. deep currents
4259. The Ocean is the warmest ocean on C. Coriolis currents
Earth. D. surface currents
A. Indian
4265. A method of navigation that relies on
B. Pacific using landmarks on shore is called
C. Atlantic A. dead reckoning
D. Arctic B. piloting

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 464

C. seafaring C. sea animals


D. celestial navigation D. wind

4266. The Blue Ridge region has 4270. In plate tectonics, and area where two
plates meet is called a boundary.
A. divergent
B. convergent
C. atmospheric

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. autotrophic
4271. When water is absorbed into the earth
and becomes groundwater
A. polarity
B. sublimation
C. transpiration
A. billion year old bedrock D. infiltration
B. PostCambrian metamorphic bedrock 4272. Currents carry with them all of the fol-
C. many fossils of life in its bedrock lowing except:
D. Large coal deposits for mining A. Dissolved gases
B. Heat
4267. How are the surface currents INDI-
RECTLY caused by the sun’s energy? C. Nutrients
A. the sun heats up the water which D. Upwelling
causes unequal heating 4273. What is the name of the 3 year research
B. the night cools down the water which voyage; named thousands of new species?
causes unequal heating A. HMS Beagle
C. the sun cools down the water which B. HMS Challenger
causes unequal heating
C. Titanic
D. the sun heats up the water which
D. Bathyscaphe Trieste
causes equal heating
4274. Thermohaline currents are ocean cur-
4268. Which type of plate boundary pulls rents.
apart?
A. warm salty
A. Convergent
B. cold fresh water
B. Divergent
4275. What is the main avenue that water
C. Transform
takes while moving from ocean to air?
D. none of above
A. runoff from land
4269. surface currents are powered by B. movement through ground
A. water C. precipitation
B. salt D. evaporation from the ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 465

4276. What two moon phases occur during a 4281. A mountain rising from the ocean floor
neap tide? that does not reach water’s surface.

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A. full and new moons A. volcanic island
B. 1st and 3rd quarter moons B. continental shelf
C. none of the above C. seamount
D. waning and waxing gibbous D. guyot

4277. a movement of water that results from 4282. What are the primary producers of the
density differences ocean?
A. Conventional Current A. Zooplankton
B. Upwelling B. Phytoplankton
C. Ocean Current C. Whales
D. Coriolis Effect D. Seals

4278. What is number 6 4283. Clams are common animals on the ocean
floor. Since they live on the bottom of the
ocean they are considered to be
A. benthos
B. nekton
C. plankton
D. a producer
A. Seamount
B. Guyot 4284. Which natural hazards can impact
coastal communities?
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
A. Avalanches and landslides
D. Island
B. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
4279. What do we call tides that have a C. Droughts and wildfires
smaller range and occur when the sun and
D. Tsunamis and hurricanes
moon are at right angles to each other?
A. Neap Tide 4285. Why are icebergs made of freshwater?
B. Spring Tide A. Seawater doesn’t freeze
C. Larger Change B. Freshwater floats when it freezes
D. Smaller Change C. Freshwater sinks when it freezes
D. Freshwater bubbles allow freezing
4280. Two high tides/two low tides per day
that have a tidal range about same (equal 4286. What type of boundary do earthquakes
height) is: usually occur along?
A. diurnal A. transform
B. semidiurnal B. divergent
C. mixed C. convergent
D. none of above D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 466

4287. large body of salt water 4292. Planktonic crustacean arthropods


A. spiny lobster
B. copepods
C. sea urchins
D. pink shrimp
4293. Freshwater fish can live in salt water
A. ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. True
B. rip tide
B. False
C. sea
D. beach 4294. What was something the Chinese dis-
covered?
4288. The Mesosphere is found in the: A. Tides based on moon phases
A. Crust B. North america
B. Mantle C. Earth’s circumference
C. Core D. magnetic compass
D. Biosphere
4295. spring tides occur when the:
4289. What are the different types of Tectonic A. sun / moon / earth are in a straight
Plate movements? line
A. Divergent, Convergent, and Transform B. sun / moon / earth are at right angles
boundaries
C. sun / moon / earth are at 45 degree
B. North, South, East angles
C. Fast, Slow, Medium D. quarter moons only
D. Up, Down, Sideways 4296. The distance (measured in the direction
4290. Its also known as the “sea unicorn” of propagation)between two points in the
same phase in consecutive cycles of a
A. swordfish
wave(horizontal)
B. narwhal
A. Wave Refraction
4291. Which of the following is NOT TRUE B. Wavelenth
about the El Nino phase of ENSO (El C. Frequency
Nino/Southern Oscillation)
D. none of above
A. Characteristic period is 3-7 years
B. Decreases the sea surface tempera- 4297. Which feature is indicated by the letter
ture of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (along K?
South American coast)
C. Is associated with decreases in fish-
eries catches in the along the western
coast of South America
D. Has strong impacts on air circulation
patterns in the atmosphere

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 467

A. guyot 4302. Ocean tides result largely from the grav-


itational attraction of the
B. continental slope

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A. sun
C. continental rise
B. core of Earth
D. trench
C. closest neighboring planets
4298. In general, ocean layering is caused by D. moon
density differences.
4303. Deposition occurs when
A. true
A. Wave energy is high
B. false
B. Wave energy is low
4299. What American proved that ships could C. All of the above
use ocean winds and currents to cross the
D. None of the above
Atlantic Ocean faster?
A. James Cook 4304. Which ways can you measure ocean
depth?
B. Matthew Maury
A. SONAR
C. Charles Darwin
B. Satellite
D. William Beebe
C. Depth sounding
4300. On the image, the water area between D. all of the above
the low tide mark of the intertidal zone
4305. If you were able to take a specialized
and the edge of the continental shelf, right
water craft into a trench, the pressure
before the continental slope is called:
down there would be
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. The same
D. Impossible to measure

4306. We know that there is a liquid core


A. nautical zone
thanks to
B. benthic zone
A. p waves
C. nueston zone B. s waves
D. neritic zone C. deep ground perforation
4301. At least 80% of the ocean water is in- D. none of above
cluded in the 4307. Density currents move
A. transition zone A. horizontally
B. thermocline B. vertically
C. surface mixed zone C. from north to south
D. deep zone D. from south to north

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 468

4308. What type of graph is this? C. Strait


D. Isthmus
4312. Relatively large crustacean that lives in
warm waters
A. copepods
B. spiny lobster
C. krill shrimp

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Maine lobster
A. Line Graph
4313. a long, high sea wave caused by an
B. Pictograph
earthquake
C. Bar Graph A. trench
D. Histogram B. tide pool
4309. How many gyres are found in Earth’s C. tsunami
oceans? D. plankton
A. 1
4314. Which watershed has the LEAST impact
B. 3 on the water quality of the Chesapeake
C. 5 Bay?
D. 7

4310. What happens to the temperature, light,


and pressure as you go deeper into the
ocean?
A. light increases
B. temperature increases A. Chesapeake Bay Watershed
C. pressure increases B. North Carolina Sounds Watershed
D. light decreases C. Gulf of Mexico Watershed
E. temperature decreases D. They all have an equal impact.

4311. A narrow passage of water connecting 4315. Which statement accurately describes
two seas or larger bodies of water the relationship between surface currents
and climate patterns?
A. Warm surface currents transport heat
away from the equator toward higher lat-
itudes.
B. Cold surface currents are associated
with low precipitation and arid climates.
C. The Gulf Stream is a cold current that
influences tropical climates.
A. Atoll D. Surface currents have minimal impact
B. Valley on regional climates.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 469

4316. According to the graph, the highest rate C. 90 degrees to the left
of accretion was recorded along the coast- D. 90 degrees to the right
line of the

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4321. When ocean depth increases, sunlight
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. none of above
4322. Which of the following is NOT one of the
A. Black Sea 5 major ocean?
A. Indian
B. North Sea
B. Arctic
C. Atlantic Ocean
C. Southern
D. Baltic Sea
D. Antarctic
4317. Ocean water is different from river wa-
ter because it is 4323. George and Grand Banks are present in
A. East Pacific Ocean
A. salty
B. West Pacific Ocean
B. cold
C. Atlantic Ocean
C. warm
D. Indian Ocean
D. moving
4324. Cold ocean currents generally come from
4318. The bond between one (H) and two (O)
A. The North Pole
atoms is an example of a?
B. The South Pole
A. Hydrogen Bond
C. The Equator
B. Molecular Bond
D. Either the North or South Pole
C. Ionic Bond
4325. Which statement about the Benthic
D. Covalent Bond
Zone is true?
4319. Organisms that do not decompose can A. It includes all of the ocean floor
be buried and become what?
B. It receives lots of sunlight
A. water C. Commercial fishing takes place here
B. nutrients D. It contains photosynthetic organisms
C. air
4326. This illustration is best known as
D. fossil fuels

4320. How many degrees does Ekman trans-


port displace the water in relation to the
surface winds? (Northern Hemisphere)
A. 45 degrees to the left
B. 45 degrees to the right A. oceanography

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 470

B. water columns 4331. What is the area underground where


C. sea floor profile there is not any water?

D. plate tectonics A. Zone of Saturation


B. Zone of Aeration
4327. Supportive structures of sponges that
contain silica C. Water
A. spicules D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. sponge 4332. Why do waves increase in height as
C. the door they approach the shore?
D. choanocytes A. waves are forced into inlets

4328. The place where two plates come to- B. water particles speed up
gether is known as a C. water density increases
D. they interact with ocean floor

4333. Choose the correct option

A. transform boundary. A. Seamount


B. divergent boundary. B. Trench
C. convergent boundary. C. Abyssal Plain
D. rift valley.
D. Volcanic Island
4329. A boundary that collide, shrinking the
4334. What are topographic depressions of
ocean floor.
the sea floor?
A. Divergent
A. Nekton
B. Convergent
B. Seamount
C. Transform
C. Thermocline
D. I HAVE NO IDEA
D. Ocean Trench
4330. Who was the polynesian demi god that
stole fire from down below and pulled up 4335. Equatorial currents are driven by the
an island with his hook?
A. Poseidon A. trade winds
B. Triton B. density
C. Maui C. westerlies
D. Zeus D. woman transport

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 471

4336. What two factors determine the density 4341. What is the layer of the ocean that
of water in deep currents? separates the surface zone from the deep
zone?

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A. Salinity and temperature
B. Coriolis Effect and wind A. picnocline
C. Upwelling and dissolved solids B. thermocline
D. Continental deflection and convection
C. pugocline
4337. causes more rainfall in the North-
west United States and poor fishing off the D. surface zone
coast of South America (Peru).
4342. What causes the tides to change?
A. The girl
B. The boy A. rotation of the Earth and its spin
C. Baby Yoda B. The pull of the Sun
D. The Chancla C. The pull of the Moon
4338. Where would scientists need to use a D. The pull of mostly the Sun, some of the
submersible? Moon
E. The pull of mostly the Moon, some of
the Sun

4343. Which ocean movement is slow moving


and occurs in deep waters?
A. surface currents
A. in the midnight zone
B. upwelling
B. along the shoreline
C. in the sunlight zone C. density currents
D. in the ship’s laboratory D. gyres
4339. Most of the mass of the garbage patch,
almost half, is: 4344. Identify the ocean at location #2
A. fishing nets
B. aluminum cans
C. baby shoes
D. plastic spoons
E. plastic straws
4340. Neap tides happen during A. Indian Ocean
A. first and last quarter moon phases.
B. Pacific Ocean
B. new and full moon phases.
C. first quarter and full moon phases. C. Southern Ocean
D. new moon and last quarter phases. D. Arctic Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 472

4345. What data does this graph represent? 4349. Bioclastic rocks are made from:
A. the solidifying of lava during effusive
volcanic eruptions
B. the partial melting of rocks due to in-
tense pressure and heat from deep within
the Earth
C. pieces of living things compressed and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
cemented together
D. laboratories in China, Japan, and the
A. Change in temperature of a liquid over
U.S.A.
time in 3 different containers
B. How temperature can change the 4350. Phytoplankton production is highest at
molecules in a material
C. The phase changes of a material A. The Equator
D. What type of container people use the B. High latitudes
most to store hot liquids.
C. Low Latitudes
4346. Ocean ridges are regions with
D. Underground
A. steep undersea mountains and deep
valley 4351. Which of the following diagrams shows
B. steep undersea mountains and shal- El Nino conditions in the pacific ocean?
low valleys A.
C. gentle sloping mountains and deep val- B.
ley
C.
D. gentle sloping mountains and shallow
valleys D. none of above

4347. A deep-diving bathyscaphe used in 4352. An produces its own food.


1960 to take two people to the deepest Plants/primary producers are considered
spot (10911 meters below sea level) in to be these.
the Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep. A. Species
A. Kingfisher
B. Parasite
B. Alvin
C. Heterotroph
C. FLIP
D. Autotroph
D. Trieste
4353. Who were the great sailors and explor-
4348. This is caused by an underwater earth-
ers of the South Pacific?
quake.
A. white caps A. Polynesians
B. rogue wave B. Phoenicians
C. tsunami C. Vikings
D. tidal bore D. Egyptians

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 473

4354. The proper way to enter the water for A. South Atlantic Current
snorkeling isjumpinglowering body slow- B. South Indian Current
lyregular divingbackward roll

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C. South Pacific Current
A. jumping
D. Western Australian Current
B. lowering body slowly
E. West Wind Drift (Antarctic Circumpo-
C. regular diving lar Current)
D. backward roll
4359. What is the largest ocean on Earth?
4355. Which of the following is the oldest? A. Indian
B. Arctic
C. Pacific
D. Atlantic
4360. These are created by earthquakes on
the ocean floor.
A. Ocecan cuurents
A. Layer L
B. Tsunami
B. Intrusion D
C. Lake
C. Intrusion H
D. Ocean
D. Layer E
4361. Tectonic plates are made of?
4356. What are seamounts?
A. The mantle
A. an isolated underwater mountain
B. Continental and oceanic lithosphere
B. another name for seahorse
C. The outer core
C. a range of under water mountains
D. The mesosphere
D. tiny plants and animals that float in the
upper regions of the ocean 4362. This is an extension of the continental
crust into the ocean.
4357. Invented SCUBA
A. Seamounts
A. . Jacques Cousteau
B. Abyssal Plains
B. B. Sylvia Earle
C. Trenches
C. C. Robert Ballard
D. Continental Shelf
D. D. Fridtof Nansen
4363. Which best describes the part of the
4358. Identify the current labelled K in the fig- ocean called the continental shelf?
ure.
A. A flat underwater valley
B. A region of mountains in the deep
ocean
C. A shallow area of sediment near the
shore
D. A region with a higher water pressure

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 474

4364. How do hydrothermal vents get their B. Sound waves are being sent down
color? through the ocean, and the variation in
A. MAGIC time taken for the sound waves to return
tells how the depth varies.
B. Potatoes
C. A satellite is being used to measure
C. Ores variations in the gravitational field of the
D. IT´S JUST NATURAL Earth, which tells the variation in the
depth of the ocean.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4365. What is the average salinity in our D. A remotely operated vehicle is being
Oceans? piloted from the ship to take pictures of
A. 35 ppt the ocean floor.
B. 76 ppt 4368. It is the altitude at which are air temp
C. 89 ppt and dew point are the same.
D. 100 ppt A. Condensation Level
B. Condensation nuclei
4366. What is the process of water vapor
changing into liquid water? C. Leeward

A. Evaporation D. Windward

B. Transpiration 4369. Select all choices that are important


C. Condensation components to the Chesapeake Bay’s econ-
omy.
D. Infiltration
A. Oil Drilling
4367. The picture shows a method of studying B. Crabbing
the ocean. Which of the following best ex-
C. Quartz mining
plains this method of studying the ocean?
D. Fishing

4370. Mrs. Mallon is proud of you for taking


the time to study!
A. TRUE
B. False

4371. What is a crest?


A. lowest point of a wave
B. longest part of a wave
C. shortest part of a wave
D. highest point of a wave

4372. A sediment formed directly by precipita-


A. A bright beam of white light is being tion (and is also called an authigenic sedi-
shone down through the ocean to illumi- ment) is called a:
nate the ocean floor. A. Biogenous Sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 475

B. Cosmogenous Sediment 4378. Evaporation to the surface of the ocean


creates
C. Hydrogenous Sediment

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A. lower density water
D. Terrigenous Sediment
B. warmer ocean temperatures
4373. The average depth of the world’s ocean C. higher salinity in the water
is
D. lower salinity in the water
A. 11, 100 meters
4379. What’s the gas form of water?
B. 900 meters
A. water droplets
C. 3, 682 meters
B. rain
D. 2, 143 meters
C. clouds
4374. Water transported shoreward in the D. water vapor
surf zone is returned seaward by
4380. A net that is thrown in such a manner
A. shallow water waves.
that it spreads out while it is in the air
B. reflected waves. before it sinks into the water. Fish are
C. refracted waves. caught as the net is hauled back in by
pulling the rope that is connected with the
D. rip currents. bottom ring of the net.
E. internal waves A. Cast Net
4375. Ocean currents are created by B. Dip Net

A. differences in temperature only C. Otter Trawl Net


D. Plankton Net
B. differences in salinity only
E. Purse His Net
C. differences in hemispheres
D. differences in density 4381. Which one of the following studies best
supports the field of oceanography?
4376. Named after Atlas, a titan in Greek A. kinesiology
mythology
B. climate change
A. Pacific
C. ancestry
B. Atlantic
D. metallurgy
C. Southern E. none of the choices
D. Indian
4382. Identify the current labelled G in the fig-
4377. The ocean is warmest in what area of ure.
earth?
A. North Pole
B. Bahamas
C. Equator
D. Southeast Asia

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 476

A. South Atlantic Current 4387. What causes the evaporation of water,


B. South Indian Current leaving the salts behind?
A. The Earth’s rotation
C. South Pacific Current
B. The Earth’s magnetic field
D. Western Australian Current
C. The Sun’s heat
E. West Wind Drift (Antarctic Circumpo-
lar Current) D. The gravitational pull of the moon

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4388. What type of tide occurs when the Sun
4383. True or False:Any place where 2 tectonic
and the Moon are in alignment during a full
plates meet can create a subduction zone.
or new moon?
A. True
A. High tide
B. False
B. Low tide
4384. fast, narrow current of water; very dan- C. Spring tide
gerous D. Neap tide
A. rip current
4389. Microscopic organisms that float freely
B. whirlpool in the ocean are called ?
C. low tide A. Plankton
D. countercurrent B. Nekton
C. Benthos
4385. TRUE or FALSEOceanography is not a
single science, but rather the sum of D. none of above
many sciences all of which contributeto
4390. Currents we can see from the top and
man’s understanding of the ocean:physics,
go down to 1 kilometer are called
chemistry, biology, geology, meteorology,
mathematics, and theirsubdivisions. A. deep
B. surface
C. divergent
D. convergent

4391. When would a spring tide occur?

A. True
B. False

4386. The hydrogen bonds of water molecules


account for which of the following?
A. Water has a high heat capacity.
B. Water has a high surface tension.
C. Water has a high boiling point.
D. All of these are relevant. A. Feb. 4

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 477

B. Feb. 12 4396. Ocean acidification begins with


C. Feb. 26 A. pollution from ships

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D. none of above
B. carbon dioxide released from combus-
4392. Identify the current labelled M in the fig- tion
ure. C. dumping of waste from cities into the
ocean
D. none of above

4397. The oceanic crust is than the conti-


nental
A. Benguela Current A. denser
B. Brazil Current B. heavier
C. California Current C. less dense
D. Canary Current
D. bigger
4393. Gases dissolve the quickest in
A. Hot Water 4398. Sharks, skates and rays have skele-
tons.
B. Cold Water
C. Room Temp Water A. bony

D. Ice B. cartilaginous

4394. The plankton that is animal-like is called C. weak


D. calcareous

4399. Is the plate electricity a real theroy?


A. No, it’s plate tectonics
B. No, it’s lorene plates
C. yes
A. bacteria
D. I don’t know
B. phytoplankton
C. zooplankton 4400. The coriolis effect is
D. none of above A. What keeps us on earth
4395. igneous rock is B. What allows humans to live on the
A. igneous rock planet
B. sedimentary rock C. The revolution of the Sun around the
C. metamorphic rock earth
D. none of above D. The Rotation of the earth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 478

4401. Which letter on the diagram shows the C. Altostratus


region where coral reefs are most likely to
D. Cloudy
be found?
4405. Accumulation of sediment found along
the shore of a lake or ocean
A. Beach
B. Erosion

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Continental Drift
A. W D. none of above
B. X
4406. How do plankton differ from nekton?
C. Y
D. Z A. Plankton are strong swimmers
B. Plankton are carnivores
4402. This animal is an
C. Plankton are free-floating
D. Plankton live on the bottom of the
ocean

4407. the movement of water

A. mammal
B. fish
C. invertebrates
D. none of above
A. current
4403. was a Viking that sailed to North
America in 1000 AD and was the first to B. ocean
find Canada, but was not given credit for C. rip tide
his discovery.
D. sea
A. Charles Darwin
B. Edward Forbes 4408. Which factor most likely cuses two
C. James Cook cities at the same elevation and latitude
to have different yearly average tempera-
D. Leif Erikson ture ranges?
4404. Small, white patches of clouds often ar- A. rotation of earth
ranged in rows that live at high altitudes
and are made of ice crystals. B. duration of solar insolation

A. Cirrocumulus C. distance from large body of water


B. Cirrus D. direction of prevailing winds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 479

4409. Winds and ocean circulation (currents) C. Leeward


are created as a result of D. Windward

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A. Moon’s orbit around Earth
4415. Northern hemisphere currents and wind
B. unequal solar heating of the oceans move in a direction.
and the atmospheres
A. clockwise
C. Satellites orbiting Earth
B. counter clockwise
D. none of above
C. easterly
4410. Salinity is the measure of D. northerly
A. sand 4416. Used longitude for navigation purposes
B. dissolved salt A. Multibeam
C. oxygen B. SONAR
D. none of above C. chronometer
4411. The synthesis of organic compounds D. PDR
from inorganic compounds using energy
4417. Why is Earth considered the water
stored in inorganic substances such as sul-
planet?
fur, ammonia, and hydrogen
A. 71% of our planet is covered in water
A. chemosynthesis
B. The core of our planet is made entirely
B. diffusion of water
C. carbon cycle C. We need water to survive
D. biogeochemical cycle D. Earth is the only planet in the solar sys-
4412. “flatworms”Ex:Planaria and tape- tem covered completely in water
worms 4418. Which ecosystem is this?:These are ar-
A. Annelids eas of land that are covered/flooded by
seawater for all or most of the year; the
B. Platyhelminthes
two primary types are salt marshes and
C. Nematodes mangrove swamps; many different marine
D. Porifera and land organisms make their homes here
A. Estuary
4413. What is the formula for density?
B. Open ocean
A. density = mass x volume
C. Wetlands
B. density = mass / volume
D. Coral reefs
C. density = mass + volume
D. density = mass-volume 4419. Choose the correct option

4414. These are tiny particles of dust or pollen


that provide a surface for water to con-
dense on in the atmosphere.
A. Condensation Level
B. Condensation nuclei

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 480

A. Bearing Strait 4424. If a solution has more salt than the crea-
B. Hudson Bay ture does, water will diffuse out of the fish
into the ocean.
C. Baffin Bay
A. True
D. Labrador Sea
B. False
4420. Flat seafloor area formed by deposits of
4425. The release of moisture by living plants.
sediments

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. evaporation
A. Ocean Trench
B. precipitation
B. Abyssal Plain
C. condensation
C. Continental Slope
D. transpiration
D. Continental Shelf
4426. The process that takes place at mid-
4421. How does decreasing salinity impact
ocean ridges is called
density?
A. sea-floor spreading.
A. As salinity decreases, density also de-
creases. B. uplift.
B. As salinity increases, density also in- C. continental drift.
creases. D. subduction.
4422. What is the name of the ocean labeled 4427. What is the lowest point of a wave
C on the map? called?
A. Crest
B. Trough
C. Wave height
D. Wavelength

4428. Which of the following is NOT a type of


A. Atlantic condensation?
B. Pacific A. fog
C. Southern B. cloud
D. Indian C. snow
E. Arctic D. dew

4423. Oceanic Trenches are formed by 4429. Range of underwater mountains that
plate boundaries winds throughout the ocean
A. Convergent A. abyssal plain
B. Transform B. seamount
C. Plate C. mid-ocean ridge
D. Divergent D. volcanic island

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 481

4430. Which of the following is an accepted 4435. A series of waves that form when a
theory of where the water in Earth’s large volume of water is suddenly moved
oceans came from? (select all that apply) up and down is

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A. Hydrogenation A. Wave
B. Off gassing of volcanoes B. Tsunami
C. Extraterrestrial sources like comets & C. Abyssal Plain
asteroids D. Ocean Current
D. Continuous, ongoing formation 4436. Which type of water will go up to the
surface?
4431. Which ecosystem is completely dark,
very cold, has little life and immense pres- A. Warm, less salty
sure? B. Warm, more salty
A. Open Ocean C. Cold, less salty
B. Mangrove Forest D. Cold, more salty
C. Deep Ocean 4437. current is caused by the movement
D. none of above of the earth and by the force and direction
of the wind.
4432. What is deposition?
A. Surface
A. When waves lose energy and drop sed- B. Through
iment along the coast.
C. Barrier
B. The wearing away of land by water or
wind. D. Inlet

C. The movement of sediment along the 4438. Which words are connected with astron-
beach. omy?
D. The distance that the wind has trav- A. terminator, nebula, conjunction
eled over water. B. shore, trade wind, salt content
4433. First Female Chief Scientist for NOAA C. plates, tectonic movement, rock cycle

A. . Jacques Cousteau D. none of above

B. B. Sylvia Earle 4439. Which of the following represents the


final stage in the boundary between the
C. C. Robert Ballard
continents and deepest part of the ocean?
D. D. Fridtof Nansen
A. Continental Shelf
4434. Upwelling occurs as the blow warm B. Continental Rise
surface water away from the coast. C. Abyssal Plain
A. Prevailing Westerlies D. Terrigenous zone
B. Equatorial Winds
4440. Check all the ocean invertebrates be-
C. Trade Winds low.
D. Tropical Winds A. Squid

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 482

B. Octopus
C. Jellyfish
D. Beluga Whale
E. Dolphin

4441. When water enters the atmosphere as


water vapor through the release of water A. longshore bars
vapor from plants’ leaves.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. submarine canyons
C. abyssal plains
D. baymouth bars

4445. The Polynesians were known for trav-


eling across open oceans in what type of
boats?

A. evaporation A. Long oar ships


B. transpiration B. Large Trifold sailing ships
C. condensation C. Dug out canoe ships
D. ground water D. Catamarans

4442. What is NOT a benefit of healthy coastal 4446. the ocean bottom between the high tide
wetland? and low tide mark that is sometimes sub-
A. Decreased pollution and habitat de- merged
struction A. littoral zone
B. Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem B. pelagic zone
services
C. neritic zone
C. Improved water quality and wildlife
habitat D. benthic zone
D. Increased pollution and habitat de- 4447. What is number 2
struction

4443. All organisms that swim actively in open


water, independent of ocean currents are
know as
A. plankton
B. nekton
C. zooplankton A. Cont. Shelf
D. phytoplankton B. Cont. Slope
C. Cont. Rise
4444. Which features of the seafloor are cut
by turbidity currents? D. Shelf Break

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 483

4448. The highest point of a wave C. Southern


A. Crest D. American

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B. Trough
C. Thought 4454. Up-Welling

D. Crust A. When cold nutrient rich bottom water


is forced to the surface.
4449. This instrument measures the density of
water? B. When your emotions start to over-
whelm you and you feel the tears start to
A. Hydrometer flow.
B. Core Sampler
C. Convection currents that mix the
C. His Net whole ocean.
D. Dry disks D. When warm water from underwater
volcanoes rises to the surface.
4450. The thinnest layer of the Earth is the

4455. Use the diagram answer the ques-


A. mantle tion.What is a fitting description for this
B. crust diagram?
C. core
D. none of above

4451. When El Nino occurs, what affect does


it have on weather patterns?
A. little to none
B. only affects weather on the coast
C. only affects weather in South America A. A Food Chain
D. set off a series of global weather B. An Ecosystem
events
C. A Food Web
4452. As you go deeper into the depths of the
D. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
ocean the ocean temperature goes up or
down
4456. As a wave begins to feel bottom near
A. Up shoreline, its wave height
B. Down
A. increase and its wavelength de-
C. Remains the same creases
D. none of above B. increases and its wavelength remains
4453. Which of the following is NOT one of the the same
5 major ocean? C. increase and its frequency decreases
A. Atlantic D. decreases and its wavelength in-
B. Pacific creases

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 484

4457. Which location would experience the A. Posidonius


most presssure? B. Eratosthenes
C. Aristotle
D. Ptolemy

4461. A parallel is another name for a The


A. Location 4 0o is called the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Location 5 A. a latitude line, the equator
C. Location 1 B. a longitudinal line, the prime meridian
D. Location 7 C. a latitudinal line, the prime meridian
4458. Tides are caused by D. none of above
A. strong winds that blow over ocean wa-
ters. 4462. Which of the following types of water
would SINK the fastest?
B. the interaction of Earth, the moon and
the sun. A. warm and salty
C. the shifting of the plates on the ocean B. cold and salty
floor. C. warm and fresh
D. variations in the salinity of ocean wa-
D. cold and fresh
ter
4459. What is cohesion? 4463. The mid-ocean mountains, such as the
ridges and rises,
A. Attractions only form if there are parti-
cles in the same substance which results A. are similar in origin to the Alps, the
in surface tension Rockies, and the Appalachians.
B. Attractions only form if there’s no sur- B. are composed of folded and faulted
face tension marine sedimentary rocks.
C. Attractions only form if there are parti- C. are constructed of volcanic basalt.
cles in the same substance which results
D. are similar in size and features to most
in capillary action
continental mountains.
D. Attractions only form if there are neg-
ative and positive ions. 4464. In the Southern Hemisphere, the general
direction of ocean currents is
4460. Mapped the known world and accu-
rately calculated the circumference of the
earth to within 200km

A. clockwise
B. counterclockwise

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 485

4465. A force exerted into a surface by the 4469. Which organisms are closely related?
weight of air molecules is air

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A. Pressure
B. Force
C. Weight
D. Mass A. American badger and leopard
B. coyote and gray wolf
4466. Which type of rock is commonly found
on different continents and used as evi- C. european otter and leopard
dence for continental drift? D. coyote and american badger
A. Igneous rock 4470. Microscopic animals that swim or drift
B. Metamorphic rock near the surface of marine environments.
C. Sedimentary rock A. phytoplankton
D. Volcanic rock B. zooplankton

4467. What symbolizes the continental slope? 4471. Why is oceanography an interdisci-
plinary study?
A. You are required to have all the de-
grees before studying oceanography.
B. It involves different fields of science
such as biology, chemistry, physics, and
A. 1 even astronomy.
B. 2 C. You need to study English, history,
C. 3 and math before you can understand the
ocean.
D. 8
D. Without discipline the mind falters.
4468. This is an illustration of E. All of the above.
4472. Pressure increase as
A. Depth increases
B. Depth decreases
C. Waves fall to shore
D. The test gets closer!
4473. Who was the German scientist who first
developed the idea that the continents
were once joined in a single landmass that
broke apart?
A. halocline A. Albert Einstein
B. light attenuation B. Alfred Wegener
C. thermocline C. Charles Darwin
D. salinity D. Dmitri Mendeleev

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 486

4474. You could expect to find saltier water at A. neap tide


the mouth of the
B. high tide
C. spring tide
D. low tides

4477. of oil are extracted from the Golf


Coast per day.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 6.8 million barrels
B. 1.8 million barrels
C. 16.8 million barrels
D. 1.0 billion barrels
E. Tons

4478. What is the effect of pressure on the


density of seawater?
A. Higher pressure increases density
A. Susquehanna River
B. Higher pressure decreases density
B. Potomac River
C. Pressure has no effect on density
C. Bay
D. none of above
D. Appalachian Mountains

4475. Which of the following images is of a 4479. The Gulf Stream is


seamount? A. a stream behind the school
B. a current in the Atlantic Ocean that
A.
flows on the eastern coast of North Amer-
ica
C. a current in the Pacific Ocean that
B. flows on the western coast of North Amer-
ica
D. part of the ocean floor
C. 4480. Surface waters are pushed away from
land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep
water through
A. sea breezes
D.
B. upwelling
C. convergence
4476. Water flows toward the high tides,
halfway between them causing D. downwelling

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 487

4481. In which tide are high tides higher than 4486. The cells are found between 60 and
normal and low tides lower than normal? 700 North and South. These are typically
colder and feature denser air.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Polar Cell
B. Hadley Cell
C. Ferrel Cell
D. none of above
4487. The diagram below shows the align-
A. spring tide ment of the sun, the moon, and Earth.
In which locations are neap tides taking
B. neap tide
place?
4482. The theory of plate tectonics describes
the movement of the lithosphere floating
atop which of Earth’s layers?
A. Asthenosphere
B. Outer core
C. Lower mantle A. 1 and 2

D. Crust B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
4483. Which is NOT a characteristic of local
winds? D. 3 and 4

A. They occur within a small area. 4488. Which term describes why wind and cur-
B. Land and sea breezes are examples. rents curve due to the Earth’s rotation?
A. Currents
C. They blow over short distances.
B. Wind
D. They blow steadily over long dis-
tances. C. The Coriolis Effect
D. Tides
4484. Why does an ice shelf float?
A. it is more dense (because it is made of 4489. Initial consumer of primary producers.
freshwater) The consumers of autotrophs; the second
level in food webs.
B. it is less dense (because it’s made of
freshwater) A. primary consumer
C. the ice is melting faster than it can sink B. primary producer
D. vegetation is sinking below and caus- C. consumer
ing it to float D. none of above
4485. What is the floor of the continental shelf 4490. Marine organisms can be classified by
A. Sharks! A. where they live and how they move
B. Jagged rocks B. what they eat
C. Sand, mud, rock and THICK sediment C. their specific body parts
D. All of the above D. how they reproduce

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 488

4491. A valley found in the middle of the mid- 4496. Both wave energy and tidal energy are
ocean ridge clean and resources.
A. rift A. tides
B. trenches B. manganese
C. abyssal plain C. renewable

D. ocean basin D. energy


4497. As you go deeper in the ocean, the wa-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4492. What is the term for an area of land that
ter iswarmer and less salty.
drains into one river.
A. river system
B. recharge zone
C. aquifer
D. watershed

4493. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)


textbook, what are the four layers of the
Earth from the highest elevation to the A. True
lowest? B. False
A. Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Tropo- 4498. In what zone does approximately 90%
sphere, Stratosphere of all ocean life live?
B. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Meso- A. photic (=euphotic)
sphere, Thermosphere
B. aphotic
C. Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Strato-
sphere, Troposphere 4499. Which type of crust is more dense?
D. Thermosphere, Troposphere, Meso- A. Continental
sphere, Stratosphere B. Oceanic

4494. New seafloor is created here 4500. Which of the following does NOT control
surface currents?
A. Deep ocean trench
A. global wind
B. subduction zone
B. tides
C. mid-ocean ridge
C. Coriolis Effect
D. marine canyon
D. continental deflection
4495. Seasonal directed movement of ocean 4501. Whales and dolphins breathe through a
water created by natural forces. at the top of their heads.
A. Tsunami A. Nose
B. Spring tides B. Lungs
C. Ocean currents C. Blowhole
D. Tides D. Mouth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 489

4502. Operated by the Woods Hole Institute, C. 50%


this vehicle was utilized in discovering D. 98.6%
where the Titanic lies.

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4508. :Drilled into the sea floor to extract
A. Kingfisher
samples ofocean floor sediments.
B. Alvin
C. FLIP
D. Trieste

4503. Which of the following are fossil fuels? A. Corer


A. Coal, water, oil B. Extractor
B. Oxygen, coal, oil C. Tube Shark
C. Coal, Oil, Natural Gas D. Device
D. None of the above 4509. WHAT CAUSES CURRENTS TO CHANGE
DIRECTIONS?
4504. What people are well known for voyag-
ing and making charts out of sticks, vines, A. LARGE LAND MASSES
and shells? B. CONTINENTS
A. Greeks C. STRONG WINDS
B. Phoenicians D. TSUNAMIS
C. Polynesians 4510. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
D. Vikings A. Earth rotating around the sun
4505. The first true oceanographic expedition, B. Earth rotating on its axis
a model for future studies, was conducted C. The tides
by which vessel? D. Gravity
A. the Atlantis
4511. Submarine canyons occur:
B. the Bathysphere
A. On the edges of trenches.
C. the HMS Challenger
B. At the part of an ocean basin nearest
D. the Triests the equator.
4506. The smallest daily tidal range occurs dur- C. Near the edges of ocean basins associ-
ing which type of tide? ated with continental shelves and slopes.
A. spring tide D. At the center of an ocean basin, at the
edges of the mid-ocean ridge.
B. flood tide
4512. Which way do cyclones, hurricanes and
C. neap tide
typhoons move in both the northern and
D. ebb tide southern hemisphere?
4507. How much of Earth’s surface is covered A. Eastward
by oceans? B. Westward
A. 90% C. Towards the equator
B. 71% D. Towards the pole

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 490

4513. Earth’s initial atmosphere formed from 4518. Which of the following statements accu-
rately describes continental margins?
A. leftover gasses from the formation of A. They are regions of great geological
the planet stability.
B. the Sun’s solar wind B. They are usually different in topogra-
C. outgassing from Earth’s interior phy from the adjoining coast.
D. comet vaporization C. They are areas of frequent earth-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
quakes and volcanoes, where crustal
4514. Columbus was primarily interested in ; plates are converging or are in collision.
A. Finding a trade route to Asia and East
D. They are areas where crustal plates
India.
are actively moving apart.
B. Cataloging new species
4519. Active sonar differs from passive sonar
4515. A pie chart allows you to easily see in that active sonar:
A. requires more attention on the part of
the operator.
B. works at a greater distance.
C. can only be used on large ships.
D. uses sound to probe as well as listen.
A. information about the proportion of
parts relative to the whole. 4520. As you go higher in the stratosphere,
B. the total number of each category. the temperature
C. how much data occurs within a range A. decreases
of numbers.
B. increases
D. the spread of the data.
C. stays the same
4516. Is this a land or a sea breeze? D. none of above

4521. Bioluminescence means that a creature


produces its own

A. land breeze
B. sea breeze
4517. This object has the weakerpull on the
Earth’s oceans
A. Gravity A. Electricity
B. Sun B. Chemical light source
C. Moon C. Sonar
D. Earth D. Gills

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 491

4522. Surface ocean currents are driven pri- B. James Cook


marily by and modified by C. Sir John Murray

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A. wind; the Coriolis effect and land D. Jacques Cousteau
B. wind; gravity and density
4527. What is the process by which abyssal
C. density differences; the Coriolis effect plains are created?
and land
A. Volcanic eruptions
D. density differences; differences in
B. Sediment deposition
salinity and temperature
C. Subduction zones
4523. When two plates converge, one plate
D. Transform faults
slips underneath into the Earth’s mantel,
in a process called 4528. There is a type of clam that is associ-
A. abduction ated with both Vents and Seeps. It uses
specialized bacteria that it let colonize it’s
B. conduction
body when it was young. When cracked
C. subduction open what color does the clam muscle look
D. none of above like and why.

4524. What do aerobic organisms need to sur-


vive?
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. carbon
D. sodium
A. Blue, lack of O2
4525. Drift Bottles and Dyes:measures speed B. Black, too much licorice in the water
and of ocean currents.
C. Red, sulfur and iron compounds in the
water
D. Bio-luminescent pink, because it
wants to blend into its dark surrounding

4529. How do waves form?


A. Wind blowing across the surface
B. Time wind blows
A. time
C. Strength of the wind
B. direction
D. Wind when blows upwards off the wa-
C. angle ter
D. stir
4530. This gas makes up 78% of the atmo-
4526. Who is regarded as the first oceanogra- sphere
pher? A. oxygen
A. Ferdinand Magellan B. nitrogen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 492

C. ozone A. John Murray


D. carbon dioxide B. Lt. Maury
4531. The circular flow pattern of water C. John Ross
around the edge of an ocean basin.
D. Prince Albert of Monaco

4534. Which of the following would NOT be


considered a type of water pollution?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
(Choose all that apply)
A. An oil rig exploding in the ocean,
spilling oil
A. gyre B. Upwelling on the coast
B. western boundary current
C. The drainage pipe near a paper mill,
C. doldrum draining into the river
D. horse latitude
D. Someone tossing a plastic bag into the
4532. Which diagram shows the formation of water, from their fishing boat
a land breeze?
E. Rain mixing with fertilizer from a farm
and running into a river
Explanation:Upwelling occurs when you
get near the coast and a lot of nutrient
dense warm water comes to the edge of
the coast and is pushed “up” to the sur-
faceIt basically helps cycle nutrients and
A. diagram Y brings in a lot of nutrientsThis isn’t pollu-
B. diagram X tion, it is a good thing that helps distribute
nutrients
C. neither
D. both 4535. Choose the correct option
4533. He created the first detailed map of the
ocean floor

A. Arabian Sea
B. Bay of Bengal
C. Mediterranean Sea
D. Red Sea

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 493

4536. You like to breathe? More than half of 4541. What is labeled (D) on the diagram
Earth’s oxygen is created by in the shown?
ocean, but their levels are declining be-

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cause oceans are warming up �
A. phytoplankton
B. zooplankton
C. chemosynthesis, hydrothermal vents
D. agricultural plants A. Continental Shelf
4537. Which ocean is expanding due to a mid- B. Continental Slope
ocean ridge? C. Continental Slope
A. Indian D. Oceanic Trench
B. Dead Sea E. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Atlantic 4542. The speed of sound in water is the
D. Artic speed of sound in air.
4538. What do you call a mountain rising from A. lower than
the ocean seafloor that does not reach to B. about the same as
the water’s surface (sea level) and thus is C. greater than
not an island?
D. Sometimes lower, sometimes higher
A. trench it depends on the temperature of the
B. abyssal plain air and water.
C. seamount 4543. If the Earth did not rotate on its axis,
D. seamount island there would be no
4539. What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge A. Greenhouse effect
A. A continuous underwater mountain B. Coriolis effect
range C. Global warming
B. A large coral reef D. Convection
C. A deep trench in the ocean floor 4544. What is the highest point of a wave
D. A volcanic island chain called?
A. Crest
4540. It is a precipitation event that is regis-
tered when rain falls while the sun shines. B. Trough
It occurs when the winds bearing rain to- C. Wave height
gether with rain storms are blown several
D. Wavelength
miles away, thus giving rise to raindrops
into an area without clouds. 4545. Which would be the MOST dense?
A. Sun Shower A. Cold water with high salinity
B. Drizzle B. Warm water with low salinity
C. Hail C. Warm water with high salinity
D. Freezing rain D. cold water with low salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 494

4546. In what phases of the moon would you 4550. causes deep ocean currents
have a spring tide? A. The Coriolis Effect
B. gravity
C. wind
D. density differences

4551. Ice forming in the ocean salinity.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. decreases
B. increases
A. New and full
C. does not affect
B. 1st and 3rd quarter
D. none of above
C. half and full
D. 1/3 and 2/7 4552. What type of rock is common in the
Valley and Ridge region and is the rock
4547. What is the source of the salt in the needed to create Karst topography be-
oceans? cause it can be dissolved by the weak acid
of Carbon Dioxide dissolved in water
A. The oceans have been salty since their
formation.
B. Precipitation like rain and snow car-
ries the salt directly from the sky.
C. Runoff from tributaries washes dis-
solved solids, including salt, into the
oceans.
D. Salt is excreted into the ocean from hy-
drothermal vents. A. Sandstone
B. Granite
4548. Which of the following can be caused by
El Nino ? C. Basalt

A. Flash floods D. Limestone

B. Mudslides 4553. Referencing the map below, which let-


ters represent cold ocean currents?
C. Droughts
A. A and B
D. All of the above
B. A and C
4549. Most hurricanes C. B and C
A. cannot be seen from space D. A and D
B. cross exposed land
4554. Frieda the fly flaps its wings back and
C. become dangerous category 5 storms forth 121 times each second. The period
D. lose their power when they move into of the wing flapping is
cooler waters or moves over land A. 0.008 Hz

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 495

B. 0.008 s A. Equator
C. 121 Hz B. Poles

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D. 121 s
4561. What causes wind?
4555. What makes water move through the A. the differences in the air pressure
water cycle?
B. an effect where it causes the Earth to
A. rain have a curved path of wind because of
B. air Earth’s rotation
C. sun C. They are all caused by low pressure
D. ground D. The tides and the lunar phases

4556. Hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen at 4562. Pacific Ocean


the hydrothermal vents, can be considered
analogous to water and sunlight in photo-
synthesis in the photic zone. A.
A. True
B. False
4557. Values 1-6 represent acids on the pH
scale. B.
A. True
B. False
4558. Coral reef is an animal
C.
A. false
B. true
4559. The temperature and salinity of the
ocean change the most: D.
A. Near the surface
B. Near the bottom
C. Near Antarctica 4563. We can blame all weather ultimately on
the:
D. Near the equator
A. Sun
4560. Warm water is found near the be-
B. Moon
cause this is where the sun hits the Earth
most directly. C. Air pressure
D. Wind

4564. What percentage of Earth’s surface is


covered with water?
A. 71%
B. 30%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 496

C. 97% B. cold water, land


D. 50% C. land, warm water
D. cold water, warm water
4565. The most likely origin of most of Earth’s
oceans was due to 4569. A circular path of water in an ocean is
A. comets called a?
B. release of water from the core A. gyre

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. water vapor from volcanic outgassing B. guyot

D. water bearing minerals in meteorites C. longshore current


D. undertow
4566. Current drifter
4570. Cooler air sinks at 300 latitude causing
a windless area known as
A.

free-floating buoys that measure current

B. A. doldrums
B. horse latitudes
measure water transparency C. polar easterlies
D. prevailing westerlies
C. 4571. What issues face coastal wetlands?
A. Coastal wetlands face issues such as
measures conductivity, temp, depth erosion, pollution, and habitat loss.
B. Wildlife conservation, renewable en-
D. ergy, and sustainable development
unoccupied submarine (not attached) C. Industrialization, urbanization, and
agricultural runoff
4567. The lava cools & builds up from the D. Overpopulation, deforestation, and cli-
ocean floor over millions of years because mate change
of
A. Volcanic Island 4572. The salinity in the polar regions tend to
be lower than the average salinity world-
B. Abyssal Plain wide. What is the best explanation for
C. Trench this phenomena?
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge A. Ocean currents tend to move water
out of the polar regions, lowering the
4568. Hurricanes strengthen over and salinity
weaken over B. Dissolved salts tend to settle out of
A. warm water, land cold water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 497

C. The solubility of salt tends to be lower 4577. What is the title of this graph?
in cold water

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D. An influx of freshwater from melting
ice dilutes the ocean water, lowering the
salinity.

4573. Many fish and aquatic plants can sur-


vive a cold winter because the layer of ice
that forms at the top of the lake insulates
the water below and prevents the lake
from freezing solid. What unique property
of water contributes to this effect?
A. School Transportation
A. Water absorbs heat when it evapo-
rates and forms a gas B. Bus

B. Water expands and becomes less C. No title


dense when it freezes. D. Pie Graph
C. Water molecules completely separate
into ions in solutions. 4578. The decreasing pH of the ocean is called

D. Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions


and other polar substances. A. Solutes
B. Ocean Acidification
4574. Wave speed is calculated by dividing
C. Rule of Constant Proportions
A. wave height by wavelength
D. Salinity
B. wavelength by wave height
C. wave period by wavelength 4579. What is letter F?
D. wavelength by wave period A. Cont. Shelf
B. Cont. Slope
4575. The total amount of solid material dis-
solved in water, usually sodium chloride. C. Abyssal Plain
A. Solution D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Solute
4580. The efficiency of energy transfer from
C. Salinity a lower trophic level to the next highest
D. Density level is roughly
A. 1%
4576. Organisms that live on the ocean floor
in a trench live in B. 10%
A. The intertidal zone C. 100%
B. The sublittoral zone D. 1000%
C. The hadal zone
4581. A steep narrow beach most likely indi-
D. The abyssal zone cates

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 498

A. Continental Shelf
B. Continental Slope
C. Continental Rise
D. Abyssal Plain

4586. How many rubber ducks were carried


around he world by currents?
A. high energy waves are common

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 10
B. low energy waves are common
B. 68, 000
C. a depositional coast
D. a typical east coast beach C. 257
D. 29, 000
4582. Surface currents normally originate at?
A. The mid latitudes 4587. Subduction zones are where
B. High latitudes A. there are no earthquakes
C. High altitudes B. where plates come together
D. The tropics. C. where a plate breaks apart

4583. Which is NOT an accepted theory for D. commonly in the Atlantic Ocean
earth’s water?
4588. Trying to roll a ball straight across a
A. Comets and Asteroids turning merry-go-round is a demonstra-
B. Space Dust tion of what happens to global winds and
surface currents, causing them to curve.
C. Cosmic radiation altering atoms. What do scientists call this phenomenon?
D. Earth’s rocks. A. Revolution of the planet.
E. Biologic processes.
B. Rotation of the planet.
4584. What type of tide is occurring in the di- C. Plate Tectonics
agram below?
D. Coriolis Effect.

4589. What happens as glaciers melt around


the world? (p. 445)
A. Sea level drops
B. Sea level rises
A. Spring Tide
B. Neap Tide 4590. True or False meteors can cause
tsunamis?
C. Red Tide
A. True
D. Rip Tide
B. False
4585. Name the floor feature:The steep slope
that connects the continent to the deep C. Maybe
ocean floor. D. What’s a meteor

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 499

4591. Although we know of over 200, 000 4597. What are gills?
plants and animals that live in the ocean, A. the structure in a fish that removes dis-
there are probably over millions that we

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


solved oxygen from the water
are not aware of.
B. what fish use to see
A. true
C. what fish use to swim
B. false
D. an isolated mountain range
4592. Choose the correct option
4598. The area of shoreline between low and
high tide.
A. Neritic Zone
B. Intertidal Zone
C. Bathyal Zone
D. Open Ocean
A. Continental Shelf
B. Continental Slope 4599. The deep zone includes all of the follow-
ing EXCEPT:
C. Continental Rise
D. Abyss

4593. Do penguins live in the North Pole or the


South Pole?
A. North Pole
B. South Pole
A. mesopelagic zone
4594. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest B. bathypelagic zone
in the USA.
C. hadalpelagic zone
A. Bay
D. abyssopelagic zone
B. Ocean
C. Estuary 4600. Free swimming organisms found in the
ocean.
D. Swamp
A. Plankton
4595. as temperature increases density
B. Nekton
A. decrease
C. Benthos
B. increases
D. none of above
C. stays the same
D. none of above 4601. Where is the Chesapeake Bay?
A. Virginia
4596. TRUE or FALSE. Many people on Earth
do not have accces to clean water. B. Florida
A. TRUE C. Delaware
B. FALSE D. California

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 500

4602. Horizontal movements of water that C. divergent


are caused by wind and occur at or near D. transform
the ocean’s surface are called
A. Deep Currents 4608. Ocean waves are mostly generated by
what?
B. Surface Currents
C. Global Currents A. Wind blowing over the water surface.

D. Salinity Currents B. Earthquakes shaking the seafloor.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Meteors crashing into the ocean.
4603. What does an octopus have?
D. Ships and boats sinking under the wa-
A. 6 tentacles, suction cups and a hark
ter.
beak in its mouth
B. 8 tentacles, plastic cups, and a soft 4609. Algae and other producers need lots
beak in its mouth of sunlight. Most ocean algae would be
C. 10 tentacles and suction cups found in the water-

D. 8 tentacles, suction cups, and a hard A. on the abyssal plain


beak in its mouth B. in the oceanic trench
4604. This is the vertical up and down range C. above the continental shelf
between high and low tide. D. beside the continental slope
A. tidal range
4610. is the energy source that allows pho-
B. waves
tosynthesis to happen.
C. spring tides
A. Water
D. neap tides
B. ATP
4605. Benjamin franklin famously theorized C. Sunlight
about what part of the ocean?
D. Hydrogen sulfide
A. The islands
B. The waves 4611. The trough is the
C. The reefs A. the peak of the tsunami
D. The currents B. low point of a tsunami
4606. Which ocean is the youngest? C. the crest
A. Atlantic D. place where pigs eat
B. Pacific 4612. Spring tides occur when which of the
C. Indian following bodies form a straight line with
D. Southern Earth?
A. the sun and the moon
4607. What type of boundary is formed when
plates collide? B. the moon and Venus
A. convergent C. the sun and Mars
B. horizontal D. Venus and Mars

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 501

4613. Who came up with the theory of conti- 4619. Who explored the Antarctic
nental drift?
A. A. John Harrison

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A. Pangea
B. B. Ben Franklin
B. Harry Hess
C. Alfred Wegener C. C. Matthew Maury

D. Ms. Haase D. Dr. Ernest Suckleton

4614. A daily pattern of phytoplankton and 4620. What is the correct order (starting from
zooplankton changing positions like a day the surface) of Earth’s layers?
and night shift.
A. Microplankton
B. Plankton
C. Red tide
D. Vertical migration
4615. What is the primary source of salinity in
the ocean?
A. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
A. Rainfall
B. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
B. Sea animals
C. River input C. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
D. Evaporation D. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

4616. Phytoplankton contributes to which of 4621. What tool measures the salinity of
the following. Check all that apply. ocean water?
A. live primarily on the oceans bottom
A. barometer
B. are a base of the ocean’s ecosystem
B. psychrometer
C. do not flourish in nutrient rich water
D. are eaten by many different types of C. hydrometer
organisms D. thermometer
E. produce much of the Earth’s oxygen
4622. Which represents the distribution of wa-
4617. What does BIOMAPER study? ter on Earth?
A. Deep sea fish
A. 3% freshwater, 97% salt water
B. Plankton
B. 97% freshwater, 3% salt water
C. Crabs and Lobsters
D. Submarines C. 71% freshwater, 29% salt water
D. 29% freshwater, 71% salt water
4618. New safety rules were put into place af-
ter the sinking of the Titanic
4623. Which organism in the food web shown
A. False to the right wouldcontain the lowest con-
B. True centration of chemical pollutants?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 502

B. 1.95
C. 1.75
D. 1.5
4627. What is the healthiest combination
listed?
A. low pH, high nitrates, neutral temper-
ature

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. low temperature, neutral pH and low
nitrates
C. as many nitrates as possible, low temp
and low pH
D. high temp, high nitrates and high pH
A. producers
4628. Where would the oldest rock be found?
B. primary consumers
C. secondary consumers
D. tertiary consumers

4624. Liquid water turning to vapor is called


A. L
A. precipitation
B. M
B. condensation
C. N
C. evaporation
D. O
D. transpiration
4629. Why can’t a scuba diver go beyond 50
4625. As you move towards the center of the meters in the ocean?
Earth, what happens to density? A. There are too many sharks the farther
A. Increase you go towards the bottom of the ocean.
B. Decrease B. The scuba diver is too dense to float in
C. Stays the same the water.

D. none of above C. The pressure becomes too great as


you go deeper in the ocean.
4626. Determine the approximate wave D. All of the above.
height for July
4630. Fish are able to get oxygen from the wa-
ter with their gills.
A. True
B. False
4631. The coldest and densest water mass in
all the oceans is
A. Pacific Bottom water
A. 2 B. Antarctic Bottom water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 503

4632. Wave formation depends on what four C. a shallow area of sediment near the
things? shore

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Ocean, mountains, number of surfers, D. a region with high water pressure
seagulls
4638. How high can tsunami waves reach?
B. wind speed, time that wind blows,
fetch, depth of water A. 10, 000 feet
C. fetch, currents, tides, wind B. 100 meters
D. fetch, wind, ocean location, tide C. 100 feet
D. all of these
4633. Cousteau’s turbo sailing ship that re-
placed his first ship, Calypso. 4639. Which animal do not live in the ocean?
A. Kingfisher A. Dolphin
B. FLIP B. Jellyfish
C. Glomar Challenger C. Alligator
D. Meteor D. Blue whale
4634. The large, circular pattern formed by 4 4640. Choose the correct option
surface currents found in each ocean.
A. California Current
B. Surface Current
C. Gyre
D. Global Conveyor Belt

4635. Uneven heating of Earth’s surface by


the sun causes which of these?
A. Sea of Japan
A. wind patterns
B. Sea of Okhotsk
B. cloud formation
C. South China Sea
C. volcanic activity
D. Tasman Sea
D. nutrient cycling
E. Yellow Sea
4636. What is pollution?
4641. Why can water have no net charge but
A. the release of harmful substances in have slight charges in different parts of
the environment the molecule?
B. an increase in the growth of algae in a A. The oxygen end is slightly negative and
pond the hydrogen end is slightly positive
4637. Which best describes the continental B. The hydrogen end is slightly negative
shelf? and the oxygen end is slightly positive
A. a flat underwater valley C. The hydrogen and oxygen ends change
B. a region of mountains in the deep in polarity
ocean D. Because it is hydrophobic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 504

4642. A specific source of pollution is known 4646. Classify the organism:Octopus


as
A. Porifera
A. Water pollution
B. Cnidarian
B. Point source
C. Mollusk
C. Non-point source
D. Crustacean
D. none of above
4647. Deep, smooth, and flattest part of the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4643. Sunlight allows to occur in the sun- ocean floor.
light zone.
A. Continental Shelf
A. bioluminescence
B. Abyssal Plain
B. transpiration
C. Continental Slope
C. photosynthesis
D. Seamounts
D. voting
4648. The landscape of the seafloor would
4644. Which process does NOT lead to a de- best be described as
crease in the salinity of water?
A. a featureless plain.
A. runoff from land
B. a smooth descent with the deepest
B. precipitation
portions farthest from land.
C. sea ice melting
C. similar in rock type, sediment thick-
D. evaporation ness, and erosional processes to those
found on the land.
4645. Identify letter “A”
D. containing ridges, trenches,
seamounts, and other features different
from those found on land.

4649. This zone is above the water table.


Pore spaces among soil particles and rock
formations are filled with air instead of
water.
A. Continental shelf A. zone of saturation
B. Continental slope B. zone of aeration
C. Continental Rise
4650. Composition of sea water and the pro-
D. Continental break cesses controlling the alteration of its com-
E. Turbidity current position including marine pollution is
A. Chemical Oceanography
B. Physical Oceanography
Explanation:
C. Biological Oceanography
D. Geological Oceanography

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 505

4651. What is the main cause of Ocean 4656. This is what drives plate tectonics
Waves? A. the moon

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Sunlight B. convection currents
B. Density differences C. the sun
C. Wind D. radiation currents
D. Canon Balls
4657. What percent of ocean water is dis-
4652. The oldest ocean sediment is solved salts and minerals?
A. older than the continental land masses
B. younger than the continental land
masses
C. the same age of the continental land
masses
D. it is impossible to tell
A. 3.5%
4653. Abiotic factors are B. 100%
A. non-living parts of an ecosystem C. 75%
B. living parts of an ecosystem D. 96.5%
C. things that once were alive, but now
are dead 4658. A series of steps used by scientists to
solve a problem or answer a question.
D. not important parts of ecosystems.
A. scientific method
4654. The purpose of chemosynthesis is to cre- B. recipe
ate
C. data collection
A. energy
D. metric system
B. food in the form of glucose
C. oxygen for animals to breathe 4659. These are the least understood waves
because very few people that experience
D. water them survive.
4655. Using the map, how do the Gulf Stream A. Tsunami
and North Atlantic Drift affect the climate B. Tides
of northwestern Europe?
C. Rogue Waves
A. Their warm waters help produce a
warmer climate. D. Capillary waves

B. their cool waters help to produce a 4660. Which is true about sea breezes?
cooler climate.
A. They form when both the land and the
C. Their warm waters help to produce a ocean have cooler temperatures.
cooler climate.
B. They form when both the land and the
D. None of the above. ocean have warmer temperatures.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 506

C. They form because the land warms up 4665. Wegener suggested that coal beds dis-
more quickly than the cooler ocean wa- covered in Antarctica indicated that this
ters. continent was
D. They form because the ocean warms A. once under water
up more quickly than the cooler land B. always frozen
masses.
C. once near the equator
4661. The is solid and much denser than
D. part of Africa
the , with temperatures as hot as the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
surface of the sun. 4666. Which plant like organism produces
A. outer core; inner core much of Earth’s oxygen and serves as the
base of the ocean ecosystem?
B. inner mantle; outer mantle
A. Trees
C. outer mantle; inner mantle
B. Phytoplankton
D. inner core; outer core
C. Humans
4662. What is the boat that sank in 1912 that
started advancements in bathymetric map- D. Fish
ping? 4667. What % of the world is water?
A. The Buoy
B. USS Rose
C. Titanic
D. The Merrimack
4663. What is represented by the picture?

A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 70%
A. Sea-floor spreading
D. 97%
B. Pangea
C. How the continents are arranged to- 4668. Which of the following is not character-
day istic of wetlands?
D. Volcanoes A. Wetlands have plentiful nutrients and
the capacity for photosynthesis
4664. A normal fault is caused by what type
B. Wetlands are limited to inland fresh-
of force?
water environments
A. Compression
C. Wetlands are perceived historically as
B. Shear disease-infested wastelands
C. Tension D. Wetlands have varied populations of
D. Peer Pressure plants and animals

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 507

4669. Which of the following influences high B. Salt


tides and low tides in the ocean? C. Rare Earth Metals

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A. Water evaporation D. Non-Metals
B. The moon’s gravitational pull
4674. A harmful algal bloom caused by di-
C. Salinity and temperature
noflagellates.
D. Wind
A. Microplankton
4670. Which of Virginia’s Physiographic B. Plankton
Provinces has the youngest rocks?
C. Red tide
D. Vertical migration

4675. This invention used the sun, moon, plan-


ets, and stars to help explorers navigate
on the open ocean.

A. the Blue Ridge


B. the Piedmont
C. The Valley and Ridge
D. The Coastal Plain

4671. What is the approximate mixing time of A. Compass


the world ocean? B. Astrolabe
A. About 1, 000 years. C. Quadrant
B. About 100, 000 years. D. Telescope
C. About 100, 000, 000 years.
4676. What type of tide occurs when Sun,
D. About 1 Billion years.
Moon, and Earth form a right angle during
4672. The heat transfer function of what type a quarter moon?
of current drives the earth’s ocean cur- A. High tide
rents, atmospheric weather and geology
B. Low tide
(molten rock churning below us!)?
C. Spring tide
A. convection
D. Neap tide
B. radiation
C. condensation 4677. a division of the benthic zone, the ocean
bottom in deep water
D. surface
A. abyssal zone
4673. What resource is extracted from man-
ganese nodules found in the deep-ocean B. bottom zone
basins? C. epipelagic zone
A. Oil D. neritic zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 508

4678. In addition to salinity, what factor af- 4684. What percentage of the Northern Hemi-
fects the density of seawater? sphere is covered in Water?
A. depth A. 70%
B. temperature B. 80%
C. latitude C. 61%
D. salt content
D. 29%
4679. Which is the only planet in our solar sys-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tem that has oceans? 4685. Wavelength= 5 mWave speed= 50
m/sWhat is the frequency?
A. Mars
B. Venus
C. Neptune
D. Earth
4680. The name of the area that is the upper
level of the zone of saturation: A. 5 hz
A. Zone of Saturation B. 10 hz
B. Zone of Aeration C. 20 hz
C. Water Table D. 1 hz
D. none of above
E. 4 hz
4681. Which zone of the ocean has relatively
constant temperatures and densities? 4686. Rocks can act like fluids if
A. Surface mixed zone A. they are really cold
B. Pycnocline B. they are under a lot of pressure
C. Apical zone C. they are in an earthquake
D. Deep zone D. they sit in the sun too long
4682. Best evidence of sea-floor spreading. 4687. Choose the correct option
A. pillow rocks
B. matching fossils
C. earthquake data
D. magnetic reversals
4683. Where does the majority of the salt in
the ocean come from?
A. Undersea volcanoes, hot spots, and
vents A. Arabian Sea
B. Runoff and erosion from land B. Bay of Bengal
C. basalt formation at Mid-Ocean ridges C. Mediterranean Sea
D. Volcanoes on the surface D. Red Sea

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 509

4688. Seawater is densest when 4691. Which of the following is characteristic


of mid-oceanic ridges?
A. salinity is high and its temperature is
A. shallow-focus earthquakes

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


high
B. salinity is low and its temperature is B. high heat flow
high C. basalt eruptions
C. salinity is high and its temperature is D. all of the above
low
4692. When mass increases density:
D. salinity is low and its temperature is
A. increases
low
B. decreases
4689. What causes surface currents to move
4693. Movement of water through oceans
in circular paths?
A. current
B. tide
C. wave
D. upwelling

4694. The plankton that is animal-like is called

A. strong winds
B. the Coriolis effect
C. salinity
D. the Global Ocean Conveyor
A. bacteria
4690. What affects the density of seawater? B. phytoplankton
(multiple correct answers possible) C. zooplankton
D. none of above

4695. What country has the Great Barrier


Reef?
A. America
B. Japan
C. Indonesia
D. Australia
A. the Coriolis effect
4696. Which of the following causes most
B. changes in temperature waves?
C. changes in salinity A. Tides
D. the strength of the wind B. Wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 510

C. Earthquake 4701. This layer is the hottest.


D. Sea animals A. troposphere

4697. Warm saturated air contains water B. mesosphere


vapor than cold saturated air. C. stratosphere
A. more D. thermosphere
B. less
4702. A body of water that has high turbidity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4698. Which of the following is a way of con- is
serving water? A. cloudy
B. clear

4703. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water


found?
A. Underground
B. Ice
A. Leave the tap running while brushing C. Rivers and Streams
teeth D. Lakes
B. Use a hose to wash the car
4704. What percentage of water on the Earth
C. Use the washing machine at full load is salty or ocean water?
D. Leave the shower running while soap- A. 97%
ing
B. 75%
4699. What is this diagram called? C. 50%
D. 30%

4705. Which of the following would not cause


salinity to increase?
A. Melting
B. Increased volcanic activity
A. Ocean floor
C. Evaporation
B. Sea floor diagram
D. Freezing
C. Sea
D. AMONG US 4706. The part of the experiment that remains
the same for the control and experimental
4700. A maritime tropical air mass contains group.
A. warm, wet air. A. constants
B. warm, dry air. B. control
C. cold, wet air. C. independent
D. cold, dry air. D. dependent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 511

4707. How much freshwater is used by the 4713. What is more dense, oceanic or continen-
United States each year? tal crust?

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A. 1 billion gallons A. oceanic
B. 25 billion gallons B. continental
C. 1 trillion gallons C. They have the same density
D. 25 trillion gallons D. none of above

4708. Without the Gulf Stream, the southeast- 4714. was a naturalist who explored all
ern United States and Europe would be the Earth’s oceans in just three voyages
between 1768 and 1779
A. warmer A. Charles Darwin
B. cooler B. Edward Forbes
C. James Cook
4709. Wave refraction is when:
D. Leif Erikson
A. a wave breaks on the shore
B. reflects directly back off a point 4715. An increase in the amount of nutrients
in a lake is known as
C. bends and wraps around a headland
D. spreads out in a bay

4710. Whales are


A. petite
B. small
C. big A. plankton
D. none of above B. oligotrophic
4711. Who voyaged to the Indian Ocean and C. eutrophication
Pacific Ocean and did not leave much writ- D. none of above
ten information about it?
A. Arab traders 4716. Besides the species name, what other
category is used for the scientific name?
B. Ptolemy
A. Phylum
C. Aristotle
B. Class
D. Phoenicians
C. Order
4712. What is salinity? D. Genus
A. the amount of salt dissolved in water
4717. This collects water at various depths.
B. the amount of oxygen dissolved in wa-
ter A. Niskin bottle

C. the amount of pollution in water B. Bathysphere

D. the speed of the flow of water in a C. Dry disks


stream D. gravity corer

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 512

4718. The image shown is of which of the fol- B. Surface currents are deflected up-
lowing? wards due to the Coriolis effect.
C. The Coriolis effect has no impact on
surface currents.
D. The Coriolis effect causes surface cur-
rents to be deflected to the left in the
Northern Hemisphere and to the right in
the Southern Hemisphere.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. a German oceanographic vessel 4723. As the temperature of ocean water
B. Challenger changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how
does the density change?
C. Cousteau’s turbo sailing ship
A. The water becomes more dense
D. The USS Berkmar
B. The water becomes less dense
4719. What is the average annual salary for
a geological oceanographer with a bache- C. The density does not change
lor’s degree? D. It is impossible to predict
A. $20, 000-$30, 000
4724. Water particles of ocean waves move
B. $30, 000-$40, 000
A. Backwards
C. $40, 000-$50, 000
B. Up and Down
D. $50, 000-$60, 000
C. Forward
4720. canyons or cracks that reach deep below
the ocean D. In Circles
A. trenches 4725. What happens to the temperature as
B. seamounts you go deeper into the ocean?
C. continental slope
D. mid-ocean ridge

4721. The land area that supplies water to a


river system is called a
A. tributary
B. watershed
C. stream
D. estuary

4722. Explain the Coriolis effect and its role in


surface currents. A. it gets warmer
A. The Coriolis effect causes surface cur- B. it gets colder
rents to be deflected to the right in the
C. it stays the same
Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the
Southern Hemisphere. D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 513

4726. A sharp underwater hill that connects to C. James Cook


the continental shelf and the ocean floor D. Leif Erikson

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A. continental shelf
4732. What is labeled (E) on the diagram
B. continental slope shown?
C. continental rise
D. trench

4727. Choose the 2 effects of pollution on the


Chesapeake Bay:
A. Less resources
A. Seamount
B. More oxygen in the water
B. Guyot
C. Less sedimentation
C. Abyssal Plains
D. Less diversity
D. Oceanic Trench
4728. Tide of increased range that occurs two E. Mid-Ocean Ridge
times a month, at the new and full moons.
A. Neap Tide 4733. Which depth would you find the coldest,
saltiest waters?
B. High Tide
A. Towards the top
C. Spring Tide
B. Between 0-100 m
D. Tidal range
C. Towards the bottom
4729. All crustaceans: D. It varies from ocean to ocean
A. Have an exoskeleton 4734. What is the part of the wave at #1?
B. Have 10 appendages
C. Reproduce internally
D. Have an internal skeleton

4730. The Challenger expedition made collec-


tions of marine organisms:
A. In the Mediterranean Sea only A. crest
B. Around the world. B. trough

C. In the North Sea only C. wavelength


D. amplitude
D. In the Mariana Trench only
4735. In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis
4731. was believed to be one of the most
effect causes currents to do which of the
influential marine biologists of his time
following?
due to his discoveries of many previously
unknown organisms and exploration of A. curve counterclockwise
the sea floor. B. curve clockwise
A. Charles Darwin C. reverse direction
B. Edward Forbes D. sink

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 514

4736. The pH of the ocean is C. evaporating


A. rising D. polar
B. falling 4741. Which of these ocean features WOULD
C. becoming more acidic NOT be evident where there is tectonic ac-
tivity
D. becoming more basic
A. seamounts
4737. Why should we have a living shoreline
B. mid-ocean ridge

NARAYAN CHANGDER
vs. a traditional approach such as a sea
wall? C. trenches
A. Living shorelines are more expensive D. abyssal plains
to build than sea walls.
4742. The amount of dissolved solids present
B. Living shoreline allows for natural in the water
habitat restoration and erosion control,
while sea walls can disrupt ecosystems
and cause beach erosion.
C. Sea walls are more aesthetically pleas-
ing than living shorelines.
D. Sea walls are better for promoting ma-
rine biodiversity than living shorelines.

4738. What is G A. salinity


B. chlorine
C. nitrogen
D. density
A. Trough 4743. The scientific method can best be de-
B. Wave Frequency scribed as:
C. Crest A. Following a set of procedures to learn
D. Wave Height about our world.
B. Observing animals in their natural
4739. Inertia and the gravitational pull of the habitat
Moon on Earth are responsible for
C. writing a hypothesis based on a claim
A. tides.
D. Completing an experiment without a
B. solar eclipses. control
C. lunar eclipses.
4744. Who led the first expedition to circum-
D. revolutions. navigate the Earth?
4740. repels water and will not dissolve in wa- A. Magellan
ter B. Cook
A. sublimation C. Sir Francis Drake
B. hydrophobic D. Filter

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 515

4745. Which would have barnacles, seaweed, 4751. One high tide and one low tide daily is
and starfish? considered

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A. Talk Zone A. mixed
B. Intertidal ocean B. diurnal
C. Open ocean C. semidiurnal
D. Bathyal Zone
D. slack
4746. Removal of salts by organisms that re-
move calcium ions from water to build 4752. What are deep-ocean currents primar-
shell, bones, and teeth is due to. ily driven by? (aka “Thermohaline Circu-
lation”
A. Evaporation formation
A. Wind patterns
B. Biological Activity
B. Earth’s rotation
4747. The first person we are aware of who
determined the circumference of the Earth C. Differences in water’s density (tem-
using trigonometry and the angle of sun- perature and salinity)
light at Alexdandria, Egypt, was D. Tidal forces
A. Pytheas
4753. The Splash Zone is where water
B. Erathosthenes reaches.
C. Herodotus A. always
D. Ptolemy
B. rarely
4748. A transfer of energy through saltwater. C. never
A. Water D. continuously
B. Waves
4754. The most spherical echinoderms, most
C. Tide
with long spines
D. Ocean Currents
A. sea urchins
4749. what is a occluded front? B. sea cucumbers
A. cool and clear weather
C. sea stars
B. warm and clear weather
D. brittle stars
C. days of clouds and precipitation
D. large amounts of snow or rain with 4755. A rock texture resulting from the aggre-
cooler temperatures gation of mineral grains of 2 to 4 mm in
diameter.
4750. What device enables scientists to mea-
A. Cobble
sure the Clarity of the water accurately.
A. bucket disks B. Pebble
B. Nansen bottle C. Granule
C. Sonar D. Silt
D. Chronometer E. Clay

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 516

4756. The thermocline is the transitional layer 4762. According to the density profile shown
of the ocean characterized by rapidly de- here, at which depth would you expect to
creasing temperatures. find the coolest, saltiest water?
A. True
B. False

4757. When ocean depth increases, water


pressure

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. decreases
B. increases
C. stays the same
D. none of above

4758. What is NOT a main region of the


ocean?
A. depth A
A. Ocean Basin Floor
B. depth B
B. Continental Drift
C. depth C
C. Continental Margins
D. not enough information given
D. Mid Ocean Ridge
4763. Which of these substantially affects
4759. True/False:A spectrometer can be used
wave height?
to measure the amount of salinity in wa-
ter. A. fetch
A. True B. wind duration
B. False C. water density
D. none of the above
4760. Which of the following is NOT a decom-
poser? 4764. Seamounts are
A. crab A. volcanoes that form on the ocean floor
B. lobster B. only found in the Pacific Ocean
C. fish C. a special type of oceanic trench
D. marine worms D. submarine canyons found near Aus-
tralia
4761. Who proved the existence of Antarc-
tica? 4765. Why are oceans important? (multiple
correct answers possible)
A. vespucci
A. Oceans provide food
B. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
B. Oceans contribute to the Earth’s
C. charles wilkes
weather and climate by moving warm wa-
D. challenger expedition ter and precipitation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 517

C. Oceans regulate the Earth’s tempera- 4770. organisms that drift in the ocean unable
tures to swim against the currents

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D. Stores 97% of the Earth’s water A. benthos
B. plankton
C. nekton
D. epifauna

4771. By keeping accurate time on a moving


ship the allowed sailors to figure out
4766. Precipitation is
their
A. Moisture falling from the atmosphere
A. Clock, Longitude
as rain, snow, or hail
B. A force exerted onto a surface by the B. Clock, Latitude
weight of air molecules C. Chronometer, Longitude
C. The study of weather D. Chronometer, Latitude
D. none of above
4772. A long, narrow, steep-sided valley that
4767. Which continent is farthest to the forms the deepest parts of the ocean.
south? A. trench
A. Africa
B. rift
B. Australia
C. abyssal plain
C. South America
D. island
D. Antarctica
4773. Which statement best describes how nu-
4768. Does the gulf stream originate near the
trients move in the ocean as a result of
Equator or the Poles?
upwelling?
A. Nutrients move from estuaries into the
intertidal zone.
B. Nutrients move from warm, shallow ar-
eas to deep, colder areas.
C. Nutrients move from the neritic zone
to the intertidal zone.
A. Equator D. Nutrients move from deep, colder ar-
eas to warm, shallow areas.
B. Poles
4769. Sediments derived from preexisting 4774. China currently supplies about 90% of
rocks on land are called which of the following resources?
A. lithogenous A. Gas hydrates
B. biogenous B. Manganese nodules and crusts
C. hydrogenous C. Phosphorite
D. cosmogenous D. Rare-earth elements

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 518

4775. What is the only naturally created large 4781. This fish pictured is an example of:
freshwater lake in Texas?
A. Lake Amistad
B. Lake Livingston
C. Caddo Lake
D. Town Lake A. Sessile life
4776. the force or push on an object caused by B. Benthic life

NARAYAN CHANGDER
water C. Pelagic life
A. salinity D. Aphotic life
B. trench
4782. What did the phoenicians trade with the
C. water pressure
people of the Mediterranean?
D. density
A. Ivory
4777. This zone of the ocean consists of the B. Ebony
ocean floor.
C. Purple die
A. Intertidal
D. Tin
B. Benthic
C. Photic 4783. 3 major categories are
D. Neritic A. planton, neton, benthos
B. plankton, nekton, benthos
4778. What is a wave height?
C. plankton, online, bentho
A. trough to trough
D. planton, nekton, benthos
B. crest to trough
C. highest part of a wave 4784. Which of the following ways can water
D. lowest part of a wave exit the ocean?
A. evaporation
4779. You take a sample of water near a
brackish water source, how will this sam- B. sublimation
ple vary to a sample taken in the open C. deposition
ocean?
D. groundwater flow
A. The brackish water will be less salty
than the open ocean 4785. Which one has greater density?
B. The brackish water will be more salty
than the open ocean
A.
4780. How much of the ocean water is dis-
solved gases and solids?
A. 3.5%
B. 96.5%
B.
C. 5.3%
D. 3.4%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 519

4786. The production of light by living organ- 4791. What gas from the list below is a cause
isms is for global warming?

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A. bioluminescence A. Urethane
B. evolution B. Oxygen
C. adaptation C. Carbon Dioxide
D. chemistry D. none of above

4787. What causes ocean currents? 4792. Coasts on which marine influences dom-
inate are classified as
A. Atmospheric winds
A. primary coast.
B. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun
B. secondary coast.
C. Earth’s rotation
C. eustatic coast.
D. Temperature differences
D. remnant coast.
4788. Spring tides happen during
4793. Depth is >100 m
A. first and last quarter moon phases. A. Surface Current
B. new and full moon phases. B. Deep Current
C. first quarter and full moon phases.
4794. Highest point of the wave
D. new moon and last quarter phases.
A. crest
4789. What does SONAR stand for? B. trough
A. Self Navigation and Ranging
4795. Which travels fastest, always being the
B. Sound Navigation Apparatus Rider first detected by seismic stations?
C. Sound Navigation and Ranging A. P waves
D. Self-Ordered Navigation Apparatus B. S waves
Rider
4796. Coral is ALL of the following except:
4790. What plate boundary creates new A. growing at an alarming rate
oceanic crust?
B. “bleaching” then dying
A. convergent
C. an animal/polyp
B. divergent
D. protects fish and our coastlines
C. transform
4797. Which tidal cycle has two high tides and
D. continental
two low tides each day?
Explanation: A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle
B. Mixed tidal cycle
As the magma rises to the surface it cools
and creates mid ocean ridges and new C. Diurnal tidal cycle
oceanic crust. D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 520

4798. What atoms make up water? 4803. Currents of air high in the troposphere
A. Hydrogen and oxygen that snake across the Earth in both hemi-
spheres
B. Carbon and oxygen
A. Jet streams
C. Oxygen and nitrogen
B. Trade winds
D. Hydrogen and nitrogen
C. Doldrums
4799. What are the major oceans Please pick D. Precipitation
all that apply?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. North Atlantic and South Atlantic 4804. Water infiltrates the ground where rock
is
B. North Pacific, South Pacific
A. permeable
C. Indian, Arctic
B. shallow
D. Southern
C. saturated
E. Red Sea
D. impermeable
4800. During La Nina conditions, trade winds
4805. How do fish use oxygen from the wa-
increase, warm water moves west. This
ter?
means that Australia and Indonesia are
and Southwestern US is A. breath it with special lungs
B. gills separate it and send it to the
blood stream
C. take it in through small pores
D. absorb it through their scales
4806. A rapid change in ocean temperature
A. wet; dry with a change in depth occurs in the
B. dry;wet A. thermocline
C. dry; dry B. halocline
D. wet; wet C. pycnocline
D. none of above
4801. What three (3) things make up the wa-
ter in Earth’s oceans? 4807. Light attenuation would be greatest at
A. Water A. Epipelagic
B. Gases B. Bathypelagic
C. Trenches C. Mesopelagic
D. Dissolved Liquids D. Hadalpelagic
4802. Which male sea creature has one very 4808. Label the following image:b c a
long tusk that grows out of its head? A. a shelf-shallow
A. Octopus B. b slope-steep
B. Narwhal C. c rise-where ocean floor rises to the
C. White Shark slop
D. Salmon D. d Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 521

4809. What are 2 ways to conserve fresh wa- 4815. An area where fresh water from
ter? streams and rivers spills into the ocean is
called an

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A. by turning off the water when it’s not
in use A. plankton
B. taking shorter showers at home
B. estuary
C. heavy rainfall
C. sargassum
D. riding your bike after school
D. coral reefs
E. obeying your mother
4810. Trade winds move 4816. The is the deepest place on the ocean
A. north to south floor.
B. south to north A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. east to west B. Mariana Trench
D. west to east C. Abyssal Plain
4811. Ocean life depends on , which form D. Hawaii
the base of the ocean food webs. It is a
producer in the ocean. 4817. Select all of the statements which are
A. phytoplankton true about ocean upwelling. You must se-
B. zooplankton lect all of the correct answers.

4812. Ocean water makes up what percent of A. Upwelling only occurs after major
water on earth? storms, such as hurricanes or typhoons.

A. 71% B. Upwelling is bad for fish, and fisher-


men steer clear of areas where upwelling
B. 96.5%
has occurred.
C. 80%
C. Water that rises to the surface during
D. 98%
upwelling is usually rich in nutrients.
4813. What process occurs when tiny water D. Upwelling is when cold water rises to-
droplets cling together in the atmosphere? ward the surface.
A. clouds
E. Upwelling occurs because the wind
B. evaporation pushes away surface water.
C. condensation
D. accumulation 4818. As plants and animals in the ocean die,
the nutrients produced from their decay
4814. The majority of minerals, nutrients, and
organic material is found in which layer of
soil? A. are recycled by the Global Conveyor
Belt
A. subsoil
B. sink to the bottom
B. partially weathered bedrock
C. topsoil C. are destroyed by sunlight
D. bedrock D. become coral reefs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 522

4819. Fast flowing river of air in atmosphere 4825. The edge of the continent that is covered
A. Warm Air by ocean
B. Cool Air A. continental margin
C. Jet Stream B. deep-ocean basin
D. The boy C. abyssal plain
D. seamount
4820. Which of the following diagrams shows
La Nina conditions in the pacific ocean?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4826. This occurs during a first quarter or third
A. quarter moon phase, when the gravita-
B. tional pull from the moon is somewhat off-
set by the gravitational pull of the sun and
C. high tides are not very high, and low tides
D. none of above are not very low.
4821. Vernal equinox marks the onset of A. Neap Tide
which season? B. Spring Tide
A. Summer
4827. This is one of the largest predators in
B. Autumn the Ocean.
C. Spring
D. Winter
4822. Water has a lower viscosity than air.
A. True
B. False
A. Great White Shark
4823. What is salt water intrusion?
B. Sea Otter
A. Contamination of well and drinking wa-
ter C. Jellyfish
B. Movement of saline water into a fresh- D. Sea Urchin
water aquifer
4828. Which statement is true about ponds
C. When salt water is not evenly dis- but NOT lakes?
tributed into groundwater
A. plants surround the shore
D. When salt water restricts the flow of
freshwater B. surface water contains organisms that
use sunlight for photosynthesis
4824. Marine “snow” (dead marine organ-
C. sunlight reaches the bottom of the
isms) and other sediments fill the valleys
body of water
in the seafloor. What is this area called on
the seafloor? D. people fill them in with sediment to cre-
ate land for houses and buildings
A. Continental Slope
B. Abyssal Plains 4829. Highest point of a wave
C. Trenches A. Crest
D. Benthos B. Trough

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 523

4830. The breaking down of a substance over D. squeezing solids out of the ice down
time by wind, waves, and precipitation is into the water below
called

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4835. Oceanic crust is destroyed at which type
A. weathering of plate boundary?
B. erosion A. Convergent
C. deposition B. Divergent
D. rising action C. Transform
4831. mapped the Gulf Stream D. All of the above
A. Trump 4836. What is scurvy?
B. Obama
A. Vitamin A deficiency
C. Franklin
B. Vitamin B deficiency
D. Darwin
C. Vitamin C deficiency
4832. When the volume increases, the den- D. Vitamin D deficiency
sity:
4837. Which of the following is a characteris-
A. increases
tic of the bathyal zone?
B. decreases
A. Little to no light
4833. Free-swimming organisms such as fish B. fluctuating salt content
and marine mammals are known as
C. Lots of sunlight
A. Plankton
D. Large fish
B. Benthos
4838. These winds patterns are located near
C. Nekton
0 and 30 degrees latitude
D. Meroplankton
A. Trade winds
4834. Which of the following causes water B. Westerlies
from deep currents to rise to the surface
C. Easterlies
to replace warm currents?
D. none of above

4839. Who first charted the Gulf Stream?


A. Matthew Maury
B. Charles Darwin
C. Hipparchus
D. Benjamin Franklin

4840. A line with a longitude of 0 degrees


passes through the Royal Observatory in
A. evaporation Greenwich England. This line is the
B. freezing of the surface of the water A. Tropic of Cancer
C. upwelling B. Prime Meridian

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 524

C. Great Circle 4846. What type of technology uses sound


D. Equator waves to measure the ocean’s floor?
A. Satellite
4841. What is the saltiest ocean?
B. Deep-Sea Drilling
A. Pacific Ocean
C. Underwater Vessel
B. Atlantic Ocean
D. Sonar
C. Indian Ocean
4847. Horizontal crest to crest difference

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Southern Ocean
A. Wave height
E. Northern Ocean
B. Wave Length
4842. What percentage of the Earth’s surface
4848. Tides are caused by the pull of
is covered by oceans?
A. the sun on Earth’s waters
A. 50%
B. the moon on Earth’s waters
B. 75%
C. BOTH the sun and the moon on Earth’s
C. 60% waters (buy mostly the moon)
D. 80% D. none of above
4843. This form of data would be considered 4849. The warmest oceans of the world are
located
A. at the equator.
B. at the poles.
C. at the middle latitudes.
D. in the Pacific Ocean.
4850. Changes in the moon’s appearance are
A. Qualitative
A. phases
B. Quantitative
B. eclipses
4844. What does NOAA stand for? C. stages
A. National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin- D. cycle
istration
B. North Ocular Atlas Administration 4851. Identify the blue areas on the map:

C. Novel Oceanic Atlas Administration


D. North Optic Atlas Accomodation

4845. On Earth, what process generates most


of the water vapor?
A. Condensation A. Active continental margins
B. Evaporation B. Passive continental margin
C. Precipitation C. Mid-Ocean ridge
D. Transpiration D. Deep ocean basin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 525

E. Deep ocean trench

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Explanation:

4852. semi-isolated area of the ocean; diluted


by freshwater drainage from the land A. beach

A. Estuary B. low tide

B. Eutrophication C. Indian Ocean


D. Atlantic Ocean
C. Salinity
D. Guyot 4857. What is opposite side of the Prime Meri-
dan?
4853. Continental volcanoes form inland from A. North America
certain boundaries due to magma rising to
the surface. What type of boundaries are B. ITCZ-Intertropical Convergence zone
these? C. International Date Line
A. Ocean-ocean D. Africa
B. Continent-continent 4858. What does the Coriolis Effect mean?
C. Continent-ocean A. The rotation of the Earth causes wind
and water to curve.
D. Transform
B. The rotation of the Earth causes water
4854. Alfred Wegener believed that all the to sink
continents were connected at one time. C. The rotation of the Earth causes cur-
What did he call this one large land mass? rents to curve counterclockwise in the
A. Pancakes Northern Hemisphere.

B. Wonder D. The rotation of the Earth causes un-


even heating by the sun.
C. Pancreas
4859. Why can’t a scuba diver descend more
D. Patches
than 60 feet before having to pause to let
their lungs become adjusted?
4855. This Bay has the largest tidal range in
the world, at 14.5-21.6 meters A. Their lungs have to adjust to the pres-
sure increase
A. Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia Canada
B. Their lunges have to adjust to density
B. Bay of Bengal, West of India increase
C. Navagio Bay, Greece C. Their lungs have to adjust to both the
D. Phang Nga Bay, Thailand density and pressure increase
D. They want to pause at 60 feet to take
4856. the sandy shore at the edge of the ocean pictures of the marine life

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 526

4860. What level of beaufort scale is Leaves


and smaller twigs in constant motion.

A. calm

B. light air

C. light breeze

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. gentle breeze

4861. What would be located from H to F

A. Crest

B. Wavelength

C. Wave Height

D. Trough

4862. Virginia Beach experiences cooler sum-


mers and warmer winters than Springfield,
Illinois beause Virginia Beach (NOTE:both
cities are the same latitude!)

A. has a greater average yearly intensity


of insolation

B. has a greater average yearly duration


of insolation A. Nansen Bottle
C. is located closer to the equator B. Niskin Bottle

D. is located closer to the Atlantic Ocea C. Reversible Thermometer


D. Sin
4863. Choose the correct option E. Temperature and Depth Recorder

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 527

4864. Productivity and biomass are very C. gold


in estuaries. D. wives

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A. HIGH
4869. Identify the five (5) major gyres on
B. LOW Earth:b c d e a
4865. relatively flat part of continent covered A. a South Atlantic gyre
by water B. b North Pacific gyre
A. continental shelf C. c South Pacific gyre
B. continental rise D. d Indian ocean gyre
C. continental slope E. e North Atlantic gyre
D. seamount
4870. What stage of the Wilson Cycle is third
4866. Roughly how fast do most lithospheric and is represented by the Atlantic Ocean?
plates move? A. Juvenile
A. About 3 kilometers per hour. B. Mature
B. About 3 kilometers per thousand C. Declining
years.
D. Terminal
C. About 3 centimeters per hour.
4871. Ice is dense than liquid water.
D. About 3 centimeters per year.
A. Less
4867. In order to calculate the depth of the
B. More
ocean using sonar, you need to know the
time the sound traveled and this? C. Same
A. Air Temp D. Depends
B. Water Temp 4872. What is the main cause for the forma-
C. Speed of Sound in Water tion of surface currents AND waves in the
ocean?
D. Average ocean current speed.
A. The moon’s gravitational pull on
4868. The Horse latitudes are areas on Earth Earth’s waters
that experience little wind. They are called
B. The wind blowing across Earth’s sur-
Horse latitudes because sailor would
face.
throw their overboard when their
ships would get stuck without a wind to C. Strong earthquakes and underwater
sail them to their destinations. landslides
D. The differences in ocean water’s den-
sities

4873. Volcanic Islands are also known as


A. Continental Margins
B. Seamounts
A. horses C. Trenches
B. sheet D. Abyssal Plains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 528

4874. Which of the following represents 4878. A large stream of moving water that
words at work from individual to group flows through the oceans is called a(n)
A. population, organism, ecosystem, A. current
community
B. tsunami
B. organism, population, community,
ecosystem C. tide

C. ecosystem, community, population, or- D. undertow

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ganism
4879. What is the name of the current that
D. community, ecosystem, organism, moves up the Atlantic coast of the United
community States. It brings warm water to the USA
4875. Most of the salt in seawater is and even warms England on the other side
of the ocean.
A. MgCl2
B. TO
C. CaSO4
D. NaCl

4876. Below are four statments describing the


formation of tornadoes. However, they
are out of order. Read the statments be- A. English Channel
low, and answer the question that fol- B. Brazil Current
lows.
C. Gulf Stream Current
A. The spinning column of air works its
way down to the bottom of the cumulonim- D. California Current
bus cloud and forms a funnel cloud.
4880. #1 in the diagram represents
B. The spinning column of air is turned to
a vertical position by strong updrafts of air
within the cumulonimbus cloud. The up-
drafts of air also begin to rotate with the
column of air.
C. Wind traveling in two different direc-
tions causes a layer of air in the middle to
begin to rotate like a roll of toilet paper.
D. The funnel cloud touches the ground.
A. transpiration
4877. The first marine laboratory in the world
was established in: B. condensation

A. Russia. C. precipitation

B. Puerto Rico D. evaporation


C. France 4881. The Vikings created the earliest Euro-
D. Italy. pean settlement in Canada called

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 529

C. Point Lobos, California


D. Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

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4886. deals with the living components of
seawater.
A. Physical oceanography
B. Chemical oceanography
A. L’Anse Aux Meadows
C. Geological oceanography
B. Quebec City
D. Biological oceanography
C. Halifax
4887. Would study the Gulf Stream Current
D. Saint Cross
A. Biological
4882. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006) B. Geological
textbook, the purpose of latitude and lon-
gitude is: C. Chemical
D. Physical
A. to label the Earth mathematically into
Algebraic quadrants 4888. The steepest part of the continental mar-
B. to mark the Earth with invisible lines gin is the:
C. to make Earth coordinates a universal A. break
language B. slope
D. to identify specific locations on Earth C. rise
D. shelf
4883. The zone where the density of sea wa-
ter increases rapidly with increasing depth 4889. This Portuguese explorer is credited
of sea water is called with being the first to circumnavigate the
A. pycnocline globe.

B. epilimnion
C. thermoclin
D. halocline
E. hypolimnion

4884. The production of light by living things.


A. Henry Hudson
A. Tide
B. Ferdinand Magellan
B. Coriolis Effect
C. Christopher Columbus
C. Neap Tide
D. Bartolomeu Dias
D. Bio-luminescence
4890. Continents are shaped the way they are
4885. Which location has the world’s greatest because of the way the ocean waves crash
tidal range? against them.
A. Punta Loyola, Argentina A. true
B. Anchorage, Alaska B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 530

4891. What is the formula for density? 4897. Eutrophication of a lake starts with
A. D=mass/volume A. introduction of invasive species
B. D=volume/mass B. washing off of fertilizers from farms
and backyards by rain
4892. As depth increases, temperature
C. bloom of algae due to high light and nu-
A. increases trients
B. decreases D. lower light intensity due to heavy

NARAYAN CHANGDER
growth of algae
4893. What feature is A?
E. dissolved oxygen drops because of in-
creased bacterial respiration

4898. What would explain the change in the


direction of air movement from daytime to
night?
A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope
C. Trench
D. Mid-ocean ridge

4894. The largest of the ocean basins, which


currently covers more than half of the
ocean surface, is the
A. Arctic Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean

4895. What is the only process that removes A. Land temperature changes more
carbon from the atmosphere? quickly than water temperature.
A. combustion B. The sun warms the moist ocean air
B. cellular respiration more than the dry land air.

C. photosynthesis C. Cool air rises more quickly than warm


air.
D. decomposition
D. Water is always cooler than land.
4896. Approx what percentage of the ocean
has been explored? 4899. Occurs during a first-quarter and third-
quarter moon. Tides are at their lowest
A. 5 points. Occurs when the Sun, Moon, and
B. 15 earth form a right angle.
C. 1 A. Neap tide
D. 10 B. Spring tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 531

4900. Which of the following statements 4904. A is the position that an organism
about pH is NOT true? occupies in the food chain.
A. Heterotroph

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A. pH relates to acid-base balance.
B. a pH of 10 is alkaline, a pH of 3 is acid. B. Trophic Level
C. Parasite
C. Buffers prevent large swings in pH.
D. Population
D. As a whole, the pH of the ocean is
mildly acidic. 4905. The Fall Line is the natural border be-
tween which two regions?
4901. Which of these shows seafloor spread- A. Appalachian Plateau & Valley & Ridge
ing?
B. Blue Ridge & Coastal Plain
A. C. Coastal Plain & Piedmont
D. Blue Ridge & Piedmont
4906. What is the speed of sound in water?
B. A. 100 meters per second
B. 500 meters per second
C. 1, 000 meters per second
D. 1, 500 meters per second
C.
4907. Hurricanes that hit the east coast of
the United States often start as low-
D. none of above pressure systemsoff the west coast of
Africa. Which global winds move these
4902. Waves in the ocean are caused by hurricanes toward the UnitedStates?
A. gravity A. polar easterlies

B. sun-moon-earth complex B. prevailing westerlies


C. northeast trade winds
C. wind
D. southeast trade winds
D. coriolis effect
4908. What is the largest ocean?
4903. Letter C is pointing to what seafloor fea-
ture?

A. Continental Shelf
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Continental Slope B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Abyssal Plain C. Arctic Ocean
D. Trench D. Indian Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 532

4909. In which ocean floor formation would


you find the deepest part of the ocean?
A. continental slope
B. abyssal plain
C. deep ocean trench
A. Letter A
D. continental shelf
B. Letter B

NARAYAN CHANGDER
4910. The dolphins eat C. Letter C
D. Letter D
E. Letter E

4913. Seawater is denser than fresh water be-


cause it contains
A. Sugar
B. Seaweed
C. Foam
A. trees D. Salt
B. fish
4914. Which one can move against currents?
C. carrots
A. Plankton
D. none of above
B. Nekton
4911. Choose the correct option C. Benthos
D. none of above

4915. What does an anemometer measure?


A. air pressure
B. wind speed
C. relative humidity
D. temperature
A. Arctic Ocean
4916. Choose the correct option
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
E. Southern Ocean
A. Core Sampler
4912. What letter is closest to the location B. Dredge
where the spill volume was approximately
8 million gallons due to a hurricane in C. Grab Sampler
2005? D. Sediment Sieves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 533

4917. Convergent 4921. The ocean’s average depth is about 1,


A. Ocean/continents slide past each 200 feet, or just over a mile deep.

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other resulting in frequent and massive A. true
earthquakes(ex San Andreas Fault and B. false
California)
4922. Which of these is NOT a true crus-
B. 2 oceanic plates separated and
tacean?
magma rises to the ocean floor result-
ing in earthquakes, mid-ocean ridges, hy- A. Barnacle
drothermal vents, and ecosystems. B. Copepod
C. 2 continental plates collide resulting in C. Hermit crab
earthquakes and folded mountains(ex Hi- D. Horseshoe crab
malayan mountains, Mount Everest, and
Nepal. 4923. Middle layer of ocean water between
200 and 1, 000 meters in the twilight
D. One oceanic plate collides with a con-
zone
tinental plate or a oceanic plate result-
ing in earthquakes, deep sea trenches, A. mesopelagic zone
long chain of volcanoes(continent) or a vol- B. hadalpelagic zone
canic island arc(ex Japan of Sumatra and C. benthic zone
Andes Mountains.
D. neritic zone
4918. The surface of the sea is not level due
4924. Name the missing plates in ABC order.
to all of the following except
A. Salinity
B. Currents
C. Tides
D. Winds
A. Antarctica B. Africa C. North American
4919. What is it called when the scientist
changes something to see if it makes a dif- B. North American B. Africa C. Antarctica
ference? C. Africa B. North American C. Antarctica
A. Control
B. Classify D. none of above

C. Research 4925. What part of the wave is A?


D. Variable

4920. Weight of air pressing down on a given


area
A. Air pressure A. Crest
B. Air weight B. Trough
C. Air mass C. Wavelength
D. Air phase D. Amplitude

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 534

4926. What is the primary driving force be- C. South America


hind the initiation of density currents in the D. Africa
ocean?
A. Solar radiation 4931. The large flat region of the ocean floor
is called the
B. Wind stress
A. ocean trench
C. Variations in temperature and salinity
B. continental shelf
D. Earth’s magnetic field

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. abyssal plain
4927. Scientists hypothesize that the first
D. seamount
type of metabolism that evolved on Earth
was: 4932. What is a high tide?
A. respiration
B. homeostasis
C. photosynthesis
D. chemosynthesis

4928. Deep current form


A. Sea pulled TOWARD the moon where
A. only near the equator
Earth is CLOSEST to the moon
B. as the undertows recede from shore
B. Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where
C. from underwater volcanic eruptions Earth is FARTHEST to the moon
D. along the ocean floor C. Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where
Earth is CLOSEST to the moon
4929. Which of the following is an example of
energy conservation? D. none of above
A. leaving a computer on all night 4933. A front is
B. driving separate cars into the city A. where warm air is cooling at earth’s
C. turning the lights off when leaving a surface
room B. a line where hot and cold air are sepa-
D. washing a partial load of dishes in the rating
dishwasher C. a line where two different air masses
4930. What continent does the Gulf Stream go meet
to? D. where cold air is rising and forming
rain clouds

4934. What process brings the deep cold ocean


currents up to the surface?
A. Conduction
B. Global Wind Patterns
A. Europe C. Upwelling
B. Asia D. Temperature and salinity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 535

4935. Where does most evaporation happen in 4938. When corals turn white due to algae
the oceans? leaving it is know as

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. at the poles A. whiteout.
B. in the Indian Ocean B. coral bleaching.

C. along the equator C. algal disease.


D. coral death.
D. at the bottom of the ocean
4939. All of these impact surface currents EX-
4936. Measures the speed of currents CEPT
A. Dip Net A. wind
B. Water meter B. gravitational pull of moon
C. Current meter C. land masses
D. Dredge D. coriolis effect

4937. Refer to the diagram above. High and 4940. What best describes the measure of dis-
low tides occur twice daily at regular inter- solved salt in water?
vals. Which of the following letters best A. Saltiness
explains where high tide is occurring and B. Salinity
why?
C. Desalination
D. Upwelling

4941. Ice forming at the poles makes the wa-


ter
A. saltier and less dense
B. saltier and more dense
A. Letters B and D indicate high tides, C. less salty and more dense
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the strong winds blowing across D. less salty and less dense
the oceans.
4942. An area of the ocean where rapid
B. Letters A and C indicate high tides, change in ocean density occurs with a
where the tidal bulges would occur be- change in depth is the
cause of the strong winds blowing across A. lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
the oceans.
B. biogenous sediment
C. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
where the tidal bulges would occur be- C. hydrogenous sediment
cause of the gravitational pull between D. cosmogenous sediment
the Earth and the moon.
4943. Which objects below would be impacted
D. Letters B and D indicate high tides, by the Coriolis Effect?
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the gravitational pull between A. A butterfly in flight
the Earth and the moon. B. A car driving across country

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 536

C. A great white shark migrating from C. Differences in density


South Africa to Australia D. All of the above
D. Water draining in the sink.
4949. Which process occurs in the ocean and
4944. Rock salt (halite) is an example of which contributes large amounts of oxygen to
of the following sediment types? the atmosphere?
A. Biogenous A. digestion by fish
B. Hydrogenous B. decomposition by bacteria

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. lithogenous C. respiration by zooplankton
D. cosmogenous D. photosynthesis by phytoplankton
4945. Oxygen enters seawater mainly 4950. An underwater mountain range
A. through the respiration of animals. A. trench
B. as a byproduct of photosynthesis. B. seamount
C. as a result of decomposition of plant C. abyssal plain
and animal remains.
D. mid-ocean ridge
D. through the oxidation of metal ions in
seawater. 4951. Thermohaline circulation is driven by the
and of the water (choose 2 correct
4946. benthic animals that live buried or par- answers)
tially buried in the sea floor
A. Pressure
A. infauna
B. Temperature
B. epifauna
C. Salinity
C. inflora
D. Coolness
D. epiflora
4952. Less dense materials rise to the top.
4947. What is the largest lake?
A. True
A. A hair road cancer
B. False
B. Lake Louise
4953. Select the smallest particle from the list
C. lake baikal
A. sand
D. Lake Zephyr
B. silt
4948. Deep Ocean currents caused by
C. clay
D. cobbles

4954. Calcium carbonate is most likely to dis-


solve in water with which characteristics?
A. Lots of carbon dioxide and colder tem-
peratures
A. Global Wind Patterns B. Low pressure and warmer tempera-
B. Earth’s Rotation tures

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 537

C. Low pressure and colder tempera- 4960. Assertion:During the Neap Tides, the
tures high tide is lower and the low tide is higher
than usual.Reason:The Neap Tide, unlike

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


D. none of above
the Spring Tide, occurs on the New Moon
4955. high salinity and cold temperatures instead of on the Full Moon.
cause water to be
A. Both A are R are true R is the correct
A. less dense explanation of A
B. more dense B. Both A and R are true but R is not a
correct explanation of A
4956. The ocean plays a dominant role in
C. A is true but R is false
A. that the carbon cycle happens only in
the ocean D. A is false but R is true
B. tides 4961. The height of a wave is MOST affected
C. the production of sugar by the
D. wave production A. speed of the wind
E. heat transfer and mixing B. salinity of the ocean
4957. Oceanography is the study of the C. speed of the ocean
D. amount of solar energy

4962. Organisms living in and around hy-


drothermal vents get their food energy
from
A. Sun
B. Green plants
A. ocean C. photosynthesis
B. garbage
D. Chemosynthesis
C. plants
4963. Which of the following is NOT a main
D. weather
producer of food in the ocean?
4958. The mixing of cold Arctic Ocean water A. algae
with warm surface Atlantic currents off
the northwestern coast of Europe causes B. bacteria
which effect? C. plants
A. sinking of water as it begins the Ocean D. sharks
Conveyor Belt.
4964. Two types of currents are found in ocean
B. reversal of current direction back to-
waters. What is the difference between
ward the European coast
them?
4959. Sirenians are the only strict vegetarians A. Surface Currents caused by Wind and
among marine mammals. Deep currents caused by Density
A. True B. Deep Currents caused by Wind and
B. False Surface Currents by Density

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 538

C. Deep Currents are lighter than Surface C. it remains the same


Currents D. none of above
D. Surface Currents are Colder than Deep
Currents 4969. Students want to model the water cy-
cle. They conduct an experiment. Which
4965. Periodic rise and fall of sea level statement below correctly explains How
A. oceanography they would show condensation and evap-
oration?
B. salinity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation would have to be shown
C. Tide
with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
D. none of above ature and condensation would have to be
shown with hot water to increase the tem-
4966. What letter best points out the location
perature
where the spill volume was the world’s
largest known amount at over 500 million B. Condensation would have to be shown
gallons? with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and evaporation would have to be
shown with hot water to increase the tem-
perature

4970. Learning about the weather from the


oceans helps scientists learn about
A. storms, hurricanes
A. Letter A
B. hail, sleet
B. Letter B
C. snow, dust storms
C. Letter C
D. cyclones, tornadoes
D. Letter D
4971. A whale shark is the largest fish in the
E. Letter E
world. They are the same size as
4967. What level of beaufort scale is Excep- A. School bus
tionally high waves. Very large patches of
foam, driven before the wind, cover much B. Fridge
of the sea surface. Very large amounts of C. Sofa
airborne spray severely reduce visibility. D. Car
A. Strong Gale
4972. Animal plankton
B. Fresh Gale
A. Zooplankton
C. Whole Gale/Storm
B. Phytoplankton
D. Violent storm
C. Benthos
4968. What happens to the temperature of
D. none of above
ocean water as you go deeper in the
ocean? 4973. What does the term “phytoplankton”
A. it increases mean?
B. it decreases A. Animal plankton

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 539

B. Plant plankton A. Chemical Stabilization by Elastomizers


C. Water plankton B. Natural Recovery

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D. salt plankton C. Bioremediation

4974. How many organisms living on Earth in- D. Manual Labor


habit the oceans? E. Dispersants
A. 47% 4979. undersea volcanic mountain range that
B. 75% circles the globe
C. 94% A. mid-ocean ridge
D. none of above B. trench
C. continental slope
4975. What is the part of the wave labeled by
#3? D. continental ridge

4980. How do bacteria make food from from


chemicals released at hydrothermal vents?

A. amplitude
B. crest
C. trough
D. wavelength

4976. The sea floor feature that is created by


erosion and deposition is the
A. by scavenging
A. rift valley
B. From phytoplankton
B. submarine canyons
C. Photosynthesis
C. Mariana’s trench
D. Chemosynthesis
D. continental rise
4981. Jellies without stinging cells
4977. What is the deepest location on earth?
A. Box Jellies
A. Everest
B. Moon Jellies
B. Kilimanjaro
C. Comb Jellies
C. Mariana Trench
D. Cannonball Jellies
D. Abyss
4982. Choose the correct option
4978. What answer choice best describes the
oil cleanup method that uses a poly iso-
butylene substance to gelatinize the oil to
prevent it from spreading?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 540

A. a C. volcanic island
B. b D. abyssal plain
C. c E. mid ocean ridge
D. d 4986. Salinity is
4983. British navigator who discovered the A. The total amount of dissolved solid and
existence of islands in the South Pacific gaseous materials in water, excluding or-
(including Hawaii). He also invented the ganic substances and expressed per 1000

NARAYAN CHANGDER
chronometer. grams of sea water
B. The total amount of dissolved solid ma-
terials and gases in water, excluding or-
ganic substances and expressed in per
1000 liters of sea water
C. The total amount of dissolved material
and organic substances expressed per 35
grams of sea water
D. The amount of organic matter dis-
solved in sea water, which is salty and has
a normal content at the equator
E. The total amount of dissolved solids
A. James Cook which are the result of compounds with
sea water and is expressed in ppt form
B. James Cameron
C. Richard Byrd 4987. Located between low and high tide lim-
its.
D. William Beebe
A. Nekton
4984. What is transferred from place to place B. Intertidal Zone
by waves?
C. Oceanic
A. matter
D. Deep Zone
B. energy
4988. Which ocean zone gets the most sun-
C. particles
light?
D. light
A. Hadalpelagic
4985. Which part of the ocean floor is located B. Mesopelagic
at C? C. Epipelagic
D. Bathypelagic

4989. Wind blowing over the ocean causes en-


ergy to move through the surface of water
in the form of:
A. continental shelf A. deep ocean currents
B. seamounts B. tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 541

C. waves 4995. In cold water, molecules and


D. streams A. contracts and rises

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. contracts and sinks
4990. What is the slope between the outer
edge of the continental shelf and the deep C. expands and rises
ocean floor?
D. expands and sinks
A. Ocean Trench
4996. What features will be found at a conver-
B. Thermocline
gent continental-continental plate bound-
C. Seamount ary
D. Continental Slope A. Rift valley

4991. A scientific name consists of B. Deep Sea Trench, tsunamis and earth-
quakes
A. Genus and Order
C. Mountains and earthquakes
B. Genus and Domain
D. Volcanic Island arc
C. Genus and species
D. Kingdon and Phylum 4997. Which number on the diagram indicates
a trough?
4992. Which color of light goes the deepest
into ocean water?
A. red
B. green
C. yellow
A. 1
D. blue
B. 2
4993. The draining away of water from the C. 3
surface of an area of land.
D. 4
A. weathering
B. transpiration 4998. Bodies of water are faster to heat and
hold longer than soil and rocks.
C. run-off
A. True
D. precipitation
B. False
4994. How long has the ocean been in a
“steady” state? 4999. In the Southern Hemisphere, water de-
flects to the
A. 1.9 b.y
A. Clockwise
B. 1.5 b.y
B. Counter-Clockwise
C. 4.5 m.y
D. 4.5 b.y 5000. Choose the correct option

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 542

5005. Sea grasses, salt water marsh plants,


and mangroves are all part of which king-
dom?
A. Kingdom Protista
B. Kingdom Plantae
C. Kingdom Monera
D. none of above
A. Hydrometer

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Refractometer 5006. What percentage of the ocean’s sea life
lives in coral reefs?
C. Salinometer
D. none of above

5001. The extends from the edge of the


continental shelf down to the ocean floor.
A. abyssal plain
B. continental slope A. 10-15%
C. mid-ocean ridge B. 20%
D. trench C. 25%
D. 40%
5002. Which tide happens on a full moon?
5007. Which of the following work together?
A. Spring tide
A. Divergent Boundaries and Mid-Ocean
B. Neap tide
Ridges
5003. What pH level is best for marine organ- B. Sea-Floor Spreading and Pangaea
isms? C. Subduction and Pangaea
D. Subduction and Sea-Floor Spreading
5008. Refer to the photo. “F” is a(an):

A. 1.0
A. Continental Margin
B. 7.4
B. Continental Breakfast
5004. Bonus(tricky) Which is not a major con- C. Continental Slope
stituent of seawater? D. Continental Shelf
A. Sodium
5009. Seawater is a mixture of over 70 differ-
B. Chloride ent other chemical elements
C. Phosphorus A. True
D. Calcium B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 543

5010. Infer the relationship between dis- 5015. Which of the following is NOT a reason
solved carbon dioxide and pH we study marine biology?

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A. Life may have arisen from the sea.
B. Marine organisms produce much of
the oxygen used by other organisms, like
humans.
C. The oceans help to regulate Earth’s cli-
mate.
D. The ocean is the largest ecosystem
A. As carbon dioxide concentration in- found on the planet.
creases so does the acidity
5016. is the movement of deep, cold and
B. As carbon dioxide concentration de- nutrient-rich water to the surface.
crease so does the acidity
A. precipitation
5011. What is a tiny individual coral animal? B. Upwelling
A. Polyps C. humidity
B. Crevice D. air pressure
C. Atolls 5017. Scientists think Earth formed ago.
D. Erosion A. 100, 000 years
5012. Coral reefs are found on B. 4, 600, 000 years ago
A. continental slopes C. 4, 600 years ago
B. continental shelves D. 4, 600, 000, 000 years ago

C. abyssal plains 5018. A large wave in the Pacific has an aver-


D. trenches age speed of 35 m/s. We know the wave
period is 26 seconds. What is the wave-
5013. A body of water showed a high turbid- length?
ity level, high levels of nitrates and phos- A. 35 meters
phates, a pH of 7.5, and low dissolved
B. 676 meters
oxygen levels. Would this body of water
be considered healthy? C. 25 meters
A. Yes D. 287 meters
B. No 5019. These live near the ocean floor; they
are strange looking because of their huge
5014. True or False:The British were the first mouths and sharp teeth.
to launch explorations solely for the job
of mapping and projecting their presence A. Grenadiers
around the globe B. Narwhal
A. True C. Octopus
B. False D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 544

5020. What current occurs as high tide is ap-


proaching.
A. ebb
B. flow
C. slack
D. bore A. Water in an area

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5021. What keeps ocean water moving? B. Water that flows into a river or stream
C. Land that water flows over and
A. rocks and sand
through
B. wind and salt
D. Water that is salty
C. sand and salt
5026. Which of the following is not a cause of
D. rain and snow a tsunami?
5022. Which submersible has been used for A. Volcanic eruption
deep-sea research? B. Tornado
A. SS Trinity C. Underwater earthquakes
B. Challenger D. Landslide
C. Alvin
5027. What percentage of Earth’s water is
D. SS Woods Hole saltwater?
A. 3%
5023. If my conclusion is that my hypothesis is
wrong, I always have to go back to step 1 B. 30%
of the scientific method and start from the C. 70%
very beginning
D. 97%
A. True
B. False 5028. The most influential force that shapes
the shoreline is
C. Maybe
D. none of above

5024. Which physical property of the ocean is


NOT well measured by orbiting satellites?
A. Temperature
B. Salinity
A. wave action
C. Sea Ice coverage
B. human activity
D. Wave Height
C. wind
5025. What is a watershed? D. currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 545

5029. What percent of Earth’s surface is not 5034. The lowest point of a wave is called
covered in water?
A. The Crest
A. 90

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B. The trough
B. 70
C. 50 5035. The Moon’s gravitational pull generates
the (a)
D. 30
A. a tidal force
5030. Most ocean life is found B. tsunami
A. in the top 10% of the ocean C. hurricane
B. in the top 50% of the ocean
D. earthquakes at the mid ocean ridge
C. in the bottom 90% of the ocean
E. ocean currents
D. in dead zones
5036. Radioactive isotopes can be used for
5031. What is the main rock type of continen-
tal crust? A. absolute age of rock

A. Granite B. relative age of rock


B. Diorite C. metamorphism
C. Basalt D. chemical composition of the rock
D. Quartzite 5037. Which ocean is located at number 5?
5032. Mineral extractions, seafloor spread-
ing and mapping, and hydrothermal vents
would be studied in this field.

A. Atlantic
B. Pacific
A. chemical oceanography C. Arctic
B. geological oceanography D. Indian
C. biological oceanography E. Southern
D. physical oceanography
5038. This is a major advance in ocean-flooring
5033. flat-topped seamount mapping; SOund NAvigation and Ranging.
A. abyssal plain A. Super Ocean mappeR
B. mid-ocean ridge B. sonar
C. guyot C. plankton
D. rift D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 546

5039. Which would have the most impact on 5044. When taken to a new habitat, non-
the climate of a city? native plants often threaten native plants
A. population of the new habitat. Why do they do this?
B. proximity to a mountain
C. proximity to the ocean
D. industrial pollution
5040. Which part of the ocean floor is labeled

NARAYAN CHANGDER
“D”?

A. Non-native plants are able to mutate


rapidly
B. Non-native plants cause native ani-
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge mals to relocate
B. Continental Slope C. Non-native plants are able to be used
C. Blue-Ridge Mountains for medicine
D. Abyssal Plain D. Non-native plants compete with native
plants for resources
5041. The relatively flat underwater exten-
sion of the continent 5045. What type of camouflage is shown?
A. Shelf
B. Slope
C. Rise
D. Basin
5042. p waves can go through
A. solid
B. liquid A. Disruptive Coloration
C. gas B. Mimicry
D. solid and liquid C. Color Matching
E. solid, liquid and gas D. Distraction
5043. Coastal environments have a milder cli- E. Counter Shading
mate than inland areas because
A. the temperature of water changes 5046. What ocean has the most islands?
more slowly than land A. Pacific Ocean
B. the temperature of water change more B. Atlantic Ocean
quickly than that of land
C. Indian Ocean
C. currents move the cold water away
from the land D. Southern Ocean
D. none of the above E. Northern Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 547

5047. The world’s oceans, in descending order 5053. What ancient Greek mathematician was
of size, are: the first to accurately calculate the circum-
ference of the Earth based on the angle of

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arc-
tic the noon sun at two different locations?

B. Pacific, Southern, Indian, Atlantic, Arc- A. Aristotle


tic B. Aristarchus
C. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, South-
C. Eratosthenes
ern
D. none of above D. Plato

5048. Nertic means 5054. What drives deep Ocean currents?


A. close to shore A. tides
B. far away from shore B. differences in oxygen content
5049. The greatest reservoir of all water on C. differences with density
Earth is
D. Coriolis effect
A. Atmosphere
B. Groundwater 5055. What is the primary cause of waves?
C. Oceans A. Continental deflection
D. Glaciers B. Salinity
5050. Known as the “Founder of Oceanogra- C. Wind, Earthquakes, Gravitational
phy”, and created the Azoic Theory (that force of the Moon & Sun
was later disproven).
D. Coriolis Effect
A. Basque da Gama
B. William Beebe 5056. T/F:Noise Pollution can be detrimental
to marine organisms
C. Edward Forbes
D. Robert Ballard A. True
B. False
5051. Artesian wells are associated with
aquifers
5057. Which of the following causes the most
A. Karst damage during hurricane?
B. confined A. tornadoes
C. unconfined B. high winds
D. none of above
C. storm surges and flooding
5052. Which type of water is denser D. lightning
A. Ocean water
B. Warm salty water 5058. Ocean are how old
C. Cool salty water A. 4. An engagement
D. none of above B. 46 was

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 548

5059. How does the ocean affect the pattern 5064. Which of the following is not a factor
of sea breezes and land breezes? that is involved in weather?
A. warm air sinks over the ocean and A. Temperature
moves onto land
B. Air quality
B. cold air rises over the land and moves
C. Air pressure
over the ocean
D. How much water is in the air
C. the land heats and cools faster than

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the ocean heats and cools E. All are true
D. the ocean heats and cools faster than
5065. Buoyancy?
the land heats and cools
A. The zone of the ocean in which salinity
5060. How old was Charles Darwin when he increases rapidly with depth
set sail on the HMS Beagle?
B. The ability of an object to float in a fluid
A. 21 equal to it in mass
B. 22 C. Attachment of water molecule to each
C. 23 other by hydrogen bonds
D. 24 D. Liquid or solid water that falls from the
air and reaches the surface at rain hale or
5061. What is the tool used to measure salin- snow fall
ity?
5066. This forms when water vapor changes
A. cut disk
from gas directly to ice crystals on a sur-
B. thermometer face when the temperature at which con-
C. barometer densing would take place are at the freez-
ing point or below.
D. refractometer
A. dew
5062. What do hurricanes, tornadoes, and
B. rain
thunderstorms have in common?
C. snow
A. the differences in the air pressure
D. frost
B. an effect where it causes the Earth to
have a curved path of wind because of
5067. Mid-ocean Ridge
Earth’s rotation
C. They are all caused by low pressure
D. The tides and the lunar phases

5063. The water in the Chesapeake Bay is con-


sidered what type of water?
A. Clean to drink straight from the bay A. 4
B. Above average salinity B. 5
C. Saltwater C. 6
D. Brackish water D. 7

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 549

5068. The quality of being easily shaped or 5074. What is the Mariana Trench known for?
molded, like playdoh, is called
A. Being the shallowest part of the ocean

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A. density.
B. Being the location of the most active
B. plate tectonics. underwater volcanoes
C. plasticity.
C. Being the deepest known oceanic
D. flexibility. trench
5069. Abyssal clay is primarily composed of: D. Being the largest coral reef system
A. Silica
5075. A scientist took samples from 10 ran-
B. Calcium Carbonate dom sources of water on Earth. Assuming
C. Iron oxides his samples have the same distribution as
Earth’s water, about how many of his sam-
D. Clay minerals
ples should be salt water?
5070. The ultimate source of most of the en- A. 1
ergy for ocean currents is
B. 3
A. weather
B. wind C. 6

C. the sun D. 9
D. the tides 5076. The moon’s gravitational pull causes
5071. A is where the top of the wave curls A. earth’s tilt
over.
B. seasons
A. current
C. tides
B. tides
C. breaker D. the sun

D. through 5077. What is the ability for materials to al-


low fluids to pass?
5072. How much of the world’s ocean floor
has been mapped by multi-beam sonar? A. porosity
A. Less than 5% B. permeability
B. Around 8-10% C. gradient
C. Around 20%
D. divide
D. Around 35%
5078. What two types of measurements make
5073. Seagrasses are most closely related too
up DENSITY?
A. Mass and Volume
A. Lillies
B. Roses B. Temperature and Mass
C. Tulips C. Grams and Centimeters
D. Turf Grass D. Volume and Weight

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 550

5079. The water at some areas along the mid-


ocean ridges are very hot because
A. earth’s magnetic field creates heat
B. The areas are closer to the core
C. There is more sunshine
D. There are hydrothermal vents along

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the mid-ocean ridges
A. AUV
5080. Plate Tectonic are involved in the cre- B. ROV
ation of volcanoes
C. Side Scan Sonar
A. True D. Underwater Camera
B. False
5085. Which of the following human activities
has an effect on the water quality of the
5081. The hottest layer of the atmosphere
Chesapeake Bay?
with the least amount of air molecules is
the A. Fertilizers from nearby farmlands
washing into streams that enter the Bay
A. troposphere.
B. Recreational boaters leaving occa-
B. stratosphere. sional litter in the Bay
C. mesosphere. C. Fisherman overfishing oysters, which
leads to less organisms naturally filtering
D. thermosphere.
out toxins and pollutants
5082. Scientific study of Earth’s oceans D. All of the above will affect the water
quality
A. Deep Water Masses
5086. Current Meters:measures speedand
B. topography
direction of currents in deep water.
C. oceanography
D. seaology

5083. Different water samples’ temperatures


can be seen below. Select the one that
would be most dense, and therefore fur-
ther down, based on its temperature.
A. 100 degrees Celsius A. Volt

B. 32 degrees Celsius B. Ampler


C. Ekman
C. 0 degrees Celsius
D. Wind
D. none of above
5087. I live in the sunlight zone and I am a
5084. Choose the correct option type of coral. What am I?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 551

A. Shark 5092. How would you describe currents?


B. Brain Coral A. They flow through the trench and dis-

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


rupt the surface.
C. Kelp
B. They flow the same all over the Earth.
D. Fish
C. They flow in undetermined patterns.
5088. What type of tide would this arrange- D. They flow like rivers and are will de-
ment of earth-moon-sun create? fined circular patterns.

5093. What word describes when water is at-


tracted to other substances?

A. full moon tide


B. new moon tide
C. neap tide
D. spring tide
A. cohesion
5089. When ice forms from seawater, the re- B. adhesion
maining seawater will have a
C. capillary action
A. higher salinity
D. surface tension
B. decreased salinity
5094. Why does ice float on water?
C. lower temp
D. high temp

5090. There are oceans in the world.


A. five
B. three
C. ten A. When it freezes it becomes less dense
D. two B. When it freezes it becomes more
dense
5091. A steep drop-off from the continental
C. When it freezes its density stays the
shelf that plunges to depths of 2 1/4
same
miles.
D. none of above
A. continental shelf
5095. Why does the sea surface salinity in-
B. continental slope
crease near the Tropics?
C. abyssal plain
A. Because of high rates of evaporation
D. trench occuring there

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 552

B. Because of low rates of evaporation 5101. Polynesians navigated the open ocean
occuring there by using?
A. GPS
5096. Less than 3% of the earth’s non-
saline/salt water comes from these B. knowledge of astronomy
sources EXCEPT: C. knowledge of geology
A. lakes D. knowledge of meteorolgy
B. ice caps

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5102. The average temperature of Earth’s sur-
C. co2 emissions face has increased approximately 1◦ C in
D. ground water the past century. Which of the following
can best explain this increase in tempera-
E. rivers ture?
5097. The sun warms the water the most at A. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the
the atmosphere
A. gulf stream B. lower levels of carbon dioxide in the at-
mosphere
B. thermohaline
C. sea level 5103. The zone which covers the ocean floor
past the tidal range and to the edge of the
D. equator continental shelf.
5098. What percent of the water on earth is
freshwater?
A. 70%
B. 35%
C. 3%
D. 55%
E. 15%

5099. The highest part of a wave is


A. Bathypelagic
A. swell
B. Photic
B. crest
C. Jellyfish
C. wavelength
D. none of above
D. trough
5104. The autumnal equinox will occur for the
5100. Different densities cause waves to northern hemisphere in
A. bend A. March
B. climb B. September
C. disappear C. June
D. none of above D. December

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 553

5105. Why do sting rays take their time in 5110. What is the effect of trade winds on the
choosing a spider crab to eat? equatorial Pacific currents?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. sting rays are picky with their food A. They push the currents towards the
B. it was looking for recently molted east.
crabs B. They cause the currents to stagnate.
C. it was overwhelmed by the possibili-
ties C. They pull the currents towards the
north and south.
D. it was looking for the biggest spider
crab D. They drive the North and South Equa-
torial Currents towards the west.
E. it was looking for the smallest spider
crab
5111. Today average global sea level is slowly
5106. What are the two types of crust? falling at a rate of about 3 mm per year.
A. Pizza and Pie A. true
B. Land and Sea B. false
C. Continental and Oceanic
D. Stuffed crust and Thin crust 5112. What is it called with coral expel
their symbiotic algae due to environmen-
5107. Tides are caused by which of the follow- tal stress?
ing?
A. coral washing
A. Gravitational pull of the sun and moon
B. coral bleaching
B. Temperature changes near the equa-
tor C. coral cleaning
C. Salinity changes when fresh water D. coral whitening
meets salt water
D. Waves 5113. What causes ocean currents?

5108. is the cause of most ocean surface A. wind, animal migration


currents. B. variation in density, animal migration
A. gravity C. wind, variations in density
B. the moon
D. wind, undersea volcanoes
C. the wind
D. Earth’s orbit 5114. A horizontal movementof ocean water
that is caused by wind and that occurs at
5109. These are tides that are weaker than or near the ocean’s surface
normal tides.
A. Tides
A. neap tides
B. waves B. Longshore Current

C. spring tides C. Surface Current


D. none of the above D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 554

5115. Identify G B. CTD


C. DSV
D. REMUS
E. UUV
5120. Capillary action is the result of adhesion.
A. trench Which aspect of water is responsible for
B. abyssal plain this?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. crevice A. Nonpolar covalent bonds that enable
water to dissolve other substances
D. slope
B. Polar covalent bonds that join
5116. An Abyssal Plain is similar to molecules of water to other substances
A. Cont. Shelf C. Hydrogen bonds between water and
B. The Grand Canyon another substance

C. The Great Plains D. Ionic bonds that enable electrons to


flow through water and into another sub-
D. Hidden Valley stance
5117. TRUE OR FALSE:Waves move the water 5121. The barycenter follows
around the planet.
A. a smooth orbit around the Sun
B. a pattern that parallels the Moon’s or-
bit
5122. Below the mixed zone, temperature
tends to as you go deeper in the ocean.
A. increase
B. decrease
A. True. Waves move water around. C. stay constant
B. False. Waves do not move water. D. none of above
5118. What happens to the direction of an 5123. Which of the following are the most
ocean current when it approaches the abundant in ocean water?
coast of a large landmass?
A. Sodium
A. keeps going straight
B. Chloride
B. immediately reverses direction
C. Magnesium
C. deflects and circles back
D. Sulfates
D. stops moving completely
5124. “Trade wind” to
5119. Identify the acronym that applies:Its pri- A. constant tide
mary function is to detect how conductiv-
ity and temperature of the water column B. gulf stream
changes. C. passed
A. AUV D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 555

5125. Use the diagram to determine which 5128. Arctic Ocean


statement is correct.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A.

B.
A. The air at location 3 is more dense than
the air at location 6.
B. The air at location 2 is rushing in to
take the place of the colder air at location
3. C.
C. Location 1 heats up and cools down
slower than location 7.
D. High pressure air at location 2 is taking
the place of the low pressure air at loca- D.
tion 3.

5126. What is the wind speed at this station


model location? 5129. If you wanted to measure the turbid-
ity/cloudiness of water, which would you
use?
A. Secchi DISk
B. Hydrometer
C. Sieve
D. Hydrophone
A. 3 mph
B. 15 knots 5130. The wave trough is represented by
which letter?
C. 25 knots
D. 15 mph

5127. A usually brings drizzly precipita-


tion. Afterward, weather conditions are
clear and warm.
A. cold front A. A
B. stationary front B. B
C. warm front C. C
D. occluded front D. D

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 556

5131. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the C. differences with density
northern hemisphere moves
D. Coriolis effect

5135. What is “F”

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. clockwise
B. counter clockwise
C. both A. Seamount
D. neither
B. Continental Shelf
5132. Do we really need plastic straws to C. Continental Rise
drink our soft drinks?
D. Abyssal Plain
A. Yes, because we must not drink it with-
out the plastic straw.
5136. What is water that flows in rivers and
B. Yes, because that’s the only way to streams into the oceans and lakes?
drink our soft drinks.
C. No, we can always drink it without us-
ing the plastic straw.
D. No, plastic straw is better than metal
straw.

5133. What is the definition for tide?


A. The regular rise and fall of ocean wa-
ter
B. The regular movement and currents of
ocean water
C. The regular changing of the ocean and
building of ocean water
D. The regular rise of a wave and fall at
different statues of time of ocean water
E. The regular falling of waves in ocean
water
A. evaporating
5134. What drives deep (thermohaline) ocean
currents? B. condensing

A. tides C. precipitating
B. differences in oxygen content D. runoff

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 557

5137. Besides fluctuations in salinity and wa- 5142. The is the largest cell and extends
ter levels, intertidal organisms must also from the equator to between 30 and 400
withstand wide variations in: North and South.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Temperature. A. Hadley Cell
B. Light level. B. Polar Cell
C. Sediment deposition. C. Ferrel Cell
D. Current velocity. D. none of above

5138. What feature is C? 5143. What causes convection currents to


form in the ocean?
A. surface winds
B. the Coriolis effect
C. continental deflection
D. differences in water density
A. Abyssal plain
B. Seamount 5144. Warm Water Currents begin near the
and travel to the
C. Continental shelf
A. Poles; Equator
D. Continental slope
B. Equator; Equator
5139. anchored to the bottom, continuous C. Poles; Poles
data collection
D. Equator; Poles
A. Multibeam Sonar
5145. At the same time the sea is drawn to
B. CTD the moon, another tidal bulge takes place
C. Buoy on other side of Earth?
D. Sail drone A. Yes
B. No
5140. Which type of seawater is the most
dense? C. Maybe

A. High temperature, high salinity D. I don’t know!

B. High temperature, low salinity 5146. WHAT AFFECTS THE SALINITY OF


OCEAN WATER?
C. Low temperature, high salinity
A. EVAPORATION
D. Low temperature, low salinity
B. RAIN
5141. This is an increase in Earth’s tempera- C. HOW DEEP THE WATER IS
ture due to excessive pollution.
D. SUNSHINE
A. global warming
5147. Which best explains the increase in
B. greenhouse effect
salinity near the surface of the ocean?
C. meltdown A. There is a significant amount of melt-
D. none of the above ing glacial ice in the area.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 558

B. The area experiences a high rate of 5151. Echolocation is used not only by most
precipitation. toothed whales, but also by some pin-
C. The area experiences a high rate of nipeds and probably some baleen whales.
evaporation. A. True
D. There is a river emptying into the B. False
ocean nearby.
5152. Which zone is located on the continental
5148. Choose the correct option shelf?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. photic
B. neritic
C. oceanic
D. benthic
5153. How long does it take for the Earth to
make one complete rotation?
A. 365 days/1 year
B. 1 week
A. Echo Sounding C. 24 hours/1 day
B. Current Meter D. none of above
C. GPS 5154. Which of the following is the name of
D. Hydrophone the ancient supercontinent formed 28 Mil-
E. Secchi Disk lion Years ago.
A. Pangea
5149. What is the definition of currents?
B. Gondwanda
A. gentle waves with crests that break C. Laurasia
softly towards shore
D. Neverland
B. giant waves caused by earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions 5155. Which of the following is driven by dif-
ferences in temperature and salinity?
C. when a wave reaches a beach or coast-
line A. Deep Ocean Currents
D. continuous, directed movement of sea- B. Surface Currents
water generated by various forces that C. Tides/Waves
act on water D. Riptides
5150. The only part of the open ocean that 5156. Most of the explorations by northern
receives enough sunlight to support the and western Europeans during the Middle
growth of algae is Ages were undertaken by
A. Intertidal Zone A. Italy
B. Around Hot Vents B. Portugal
C. Deep Zone C. Vikings of Scandinavia
D. Surface Zone D. Spain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 559

5157. A trench is 5163. How many different marine sediment


A. cold and shallow types do we distinguish?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. deep and warm A. 2

C. deep and cold B. 3


C. 4
D. warm and shallow
D. 5
5158. Which is more dense?
5164. What is B?
A. Cold Water
B. Hot Water
5159. TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes,
28% of ocean floor covered by clays and
other terrigenous particles.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
A. Evaporation
5160. A problem facing many beaches along
B. Condensation
the U. S. east and west coasts is
C. Precipitation
A. excess sand being deposited around
seaside installations. D. Runoff
B. the rapid growth of deltas at the 5165. Which tool is used to explore the shal-
mouths of rivers. low part of the ocean?
C. the development of barrier beaches
across harbors.
D. the loss of sand and the erosion of
beaches.
5161. What is pH?
A. The property of containing salt A. scuba
B. The measure of the amount of oxygen B. submersible
that is dissolved in water
C. bioluminescence
C. The amount of suspended solids in wa-
D. none of above
ter
D. The measurement of the acidity or ba- 5166. Estuaries are important because:
sicity of water A. The provide humans large amounts of
food and water
5162. What is the effect of temperature on the
solubility of gases in seawater? B. They block the water from flowing
from rivers into the ocean
A. It increases the solubility
C. They form the largest portion of the
B. It decreases the solubility ocean
C. It has no effect on the solubility D. They supply many resources such as
D. none of above oil and phosphorous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 560

5167. the deep flat land of the ocean floor 5171. Which letter represents the wave crest?
A. abyssal plain
B. rift valley
C. deep ocean trench
D. seamount
A. A
5168. Hotspot

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. B
A. Weakness in the mantle where a
volcano or volcano related features oc- C. C
cur resulting in earthquakes, volcanic is- D. D
land(Hawaii) or a volcano in the middle of
a plate. Ex:Yellowstone N.P, Wyoming 5172. Spring tides occur at the time of the full
B. One oceanic plate collides with a con- and new moon when the moon, Earth and
tinental plate or a oceanic plate result- the sun are approximately
ing in earthquakes, deep sea trenches, A. at right angle
long chain of volcanoes(continent) or a vol-
B. aligned
canic island arc
C. scatted
C. 2 continental plates moving apart re-
sulting in earthquakes, rift valleys(hot D. revolving
springs, geysers).
5173. Who invented the compass?
D. 2 continental plates collide resulting in
earthquakes and folded mountains. A. Polynesian
B. Eratosthenes
5169. A form of coastal defense constructed
(on the shoreline not offshore) where the C. Ptolemy
sea, and associated coastal processes, im- D. Chinese
pact directly upon the landforms of the
coast. 5174. what daily tide pattern?
A. sandbar
B. groin
C. breakwater
D. seawall

5170. an underwater mountain chain where


new ocean floor is formed
A. mid-ocean ridge A. mixed
B. seamount B. semidiurnal
C. guyot C. diurnal
D. abyssal plain D. spring

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 561

5175. The SI unit for volume is the 5181. Currents are deflected to the in the
A. meter Southern Hemisphere.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. kilogram A. right
B. south
C. liter
C. left
D. second
D. north
5176. Stanley Miller’s 1952 experiment cre-
ated from the chemical ingredients 5182. Marine vascular plants include all the
thought to exist in Earth’s early ocean. following EXCEPT:
A. simple organic compounds A. Kelps
B. complex organic molecules B. Mangroves

C. DNA C. Cord Grass

D. primitive bacteria D. Seagrasses


E. Surf Grass
5177. is taking the salt out of water.
5183. What is the best explanation for why
A. desalination
oceanic crust is subducted by continental
B. unsalting crust?
C. salt water remidiation A. The oceanic crust is cooler than conti-
D. purification nental crust.
B. Continental crust is denser than
5178. The lowest point of a wave is the oceanic crust.
A. crest C. Oceanic crust is denser than continen-
B. trough tal crust.
C. wavelength D. The oceanic crust is hotter than conti-
nental crust.
D. none of above
5184. Who is the German Scientist that came
5179. About how many hours pass between up with the theory of the Continental
each low tide? Drift?
A. 24 hours A. Albert Einstein
B. 18 hours B. Ms. Stukel
C. 12 hours C. Galileo
D. 6 hours D. Alfred Wegener
5180. What determines whether a surface cur- 5185. Where do oceans have the lowest salin-
rent is a cold current or warm current? ity?
A. where the current begins A. along the ocean floor
B. when the currents begin B. at the equator
C. how the long the currents flow C. on the north pole
D. none of the above D. where rivers flow into the ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 562

5186. How do El Niño events affect the climate 5191. Autotrophs produce their own food us-
of the southwestern United States? ing these two processes
A. Increased precipitation and cooler A. Eating and Breathing
temperatures
B. Photosynthesis and Respiration
B. Drier and warmer conditions
C. Respiration and Chemosynthesis
C. More frequent hurricanes along the
Gulf Coast D. Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Enhanced monsoonal rainfall in the re- 5192. What are 3 problems effecting our
gion ocean?
5187. What continent is located at number A. overfishing, climate change, ocean
12? acidification
B. conserving water, limiting waste, air
pollution
C. overfishing, air pollution, limiting
waste
D. limiting waste, climate change, air pol-
A. Europe lution
B. Africa 5193. What Swiss oceanographer worked
C. Asia with the US Navy to become one of the
first explorers of the deepest part of the
D. Arctic Ocean
Mariana Trench?
5188. Which gases were absent from Earth’s A. Jacques Cousteau
early atmosphere?
B. Jacques Piccard
A. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
C. Sylvia Earle
B. Methane and water vapor
C. Hydrogen and helium D. Robert Ballard

D. Oxygen and ozone 5194. What is the main energy source for deep
ocean currents that move large volumes of
5189. Which contributes MOST in supporting
water around the planet?
life on the deep ocean floor
A. heat from the Sun
A. cold water tempratures
B. hydrothermal vents B. heat from Earth’s core
C. extreme water pressure 5195. rhythmic movement that carries energy
D. lack of predators through matter or space

5190. Is the salinity of our ocean changing?


A. No because ions and elements are re-
moved at the same rate they are added.
B. Yes because ions and elements stay in
the ocean and eventually adds more salin-
ity.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 563

A. current 5201. giant waves caused by disturbances in


the earth’s crust
B. wave

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A. tsunami
C. tide
B. tidal wave
D. salinity
C. tidal bore
5196. A substance that is able to dissolve
D. spring tide
other substances is known as
A. solute 5202. What is the increased tide that occurs
two times in a month at the new and full
B. solution moons?
C. solvent A. Tidal range
D. none of above B. Spring Tide
5197. A group of connected waves is called a C. Neap Tide
D. Tide
A. Crest
5203. What percent of the of the ocean is
B. Wave Length photic?
C. Wave Train A. 1
D. Wave Height B. 60

5198. The margin where tectonic plates pull C. 15


apart are referred to in geologic terms as D. 99
A. convergent boundary
5204. What is pressure and how does it
B. divergent boundary change with depth?
C. continental drift boundaries A. physical force exerted on an object.
D. chalk boundaries B. The deeper you go the more pressure
there is. The higher you go the pressure
5199. This is a wave located in a river. drop.
A. currents C. pressure changes with the deeper you
B. breaking waves go.

C. gyres D. As you rise with pressure the pressure


decreases.
D. tidal bore
5205. Where do oceans have the most salin-
5200. where do upwelling occur? ity?
A. open ocean and along coastlines A. Middle
B. on shores B. Bottom
C. on the beach C. Top
D. around cliffs D. Shoreline

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 564

5206. Submerged volcanic peaks are called

A. seamounts
B. guyots
C. abyssal plains
D. trenches
A. Filter polluted runoff

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5207. The path a water particle makes as a B. Remove oxygen
wave passes in deep water is best de- C. Provide habitats
scribed as
D. Help prevent erosion
A. elliptical
5211. The horse latitudes are called this be-
B. spherical
cause the lack of wind caused ship crews
C. orbital to worry about supplies of food and wa-
D. linear ter. They often had to throw the horses
overboard.
5208. What is the cloud cover at this weather A. True
station model location?
B. False

5212. and affect the ocean’s density


and cause the Global Conveyor Belt to
travel
A. gravity and the Coriolis Effect
B. temperature and salinity
C. wind and climate
A. clear skies
D. temperature and the Coriolis Effect
B. partly cloudy
C. mostly cloudy 5213. Which is the neritic zone?

D. overcast

5209. Which tidal cycle has two high tides at


roughly the same level and two low tides
not at the same level?
A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle
B. Mixed tidal cycle A. A
C. Diurnal tidal cycle B. B
D. none of above C. C

5210. SAVs are important for the health of the D. D


Chesapeake Bay in many ways EXCEPT: E. E

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 565

5214. What feature is marked by letter A? 5218. Which is the most viscous?
A. Water

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B. Syrup
C. Air
D. Pickle juice
A. Continental slope
5219. The continental floor is made up of?
B. Continental shelf
A. Flowers and grass
C. Continental rise
B. Basalt
D. continent
C. Granite
5215. What American naturalist led numerous
expeditions for the New York Zoological D. Crust
Society for most of his life? 5220. What features will be found at a diver-
A. James Cook gent continental-continental plate bound-
B. Matthew Maury ary
C. Charles Darwin A. Rift valley
D. William Beebe B. Deep Sea Trench, tsunamis and earth-
quakes
5216. Choose the correct option
C. Mountains and earthquakes
D. Mid Ocean ridge

5221. The continental margin consists of the


A. continental shelf
B. continental slope
A. The Bass population would be the first C. continental rise
to die; all other species would decrease
and die eventually D. all of the above

B. The Bass population would die; flies 5222. Enclosed lagoon, no land protruding.
would increase and blue gill would too A. Atoll.
C. Nothing changes; all would find differ- B. Barrier reef.
ent food sources and the cahin would re-
main the same. C. Fringing reef.
D. All of the species would get thinner D. None of these.
and faster as competition would increase.
5223. An example of a marine organism that
5217. What do currents move? needs calcium carbonate
A. water A. a crab
B. energy B. a shark
C. both water and energy C. an octopus
D. neither water nor energy D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 566

5224. The steep transition from continental to 5229. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an-
oceanic crust. swer choice best describes the historical
A. Oceanic Slope figure(s) who calculated the Earth’s cir-
cumference in the 3rd Century BCE? (From
B. Transitional Slope Chapter 1.2)
C. Continental Slope A. Phoenicians
D. Crust Slope B. Eratosthenes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5225. What tools did the early explorers lack C. Claudius Ptolemy
while they were traveling so far across the D. Vikings
Pacific Ocean?
E. Pytheas
A. Compass
5230. the largest category of biological clas-
B. Sextants
sification. There are 5 of these that are
C. Clocks recognized.
D. All of the above A. kingdom
5226. Which of the following scenarios creates B. food web
a spring tide? C. hierarchy
A. When the moon and sun are at right an- D. mansion
gles to each other, the moon’s gravity and
the sun’s gravity work together 5231. Roughly of the energy consumed
by any consumer is stored as biochemical
B. The tidal force causes water to bulge
molecules.
out on the side furthest from the moon.
A. 5%
C. When the earth, moon, and sun are in
a line, the moon’s gravity and the sun’s B. 10%
gravity work together C. 15%
D. The tidal force causes water to bulge D. 50%
out on the side closest to the moon.
5232. Cloud that are one of the few clouds
5227. Microscopic Organisms that float or that span the low, middle, and high lay-
drift in the currents are called ers.
A. Plankton A. Cirrocumulus
B. Benthos B. Cirrus
C. Nekton C. Cumulonimbus
D. Fish D. Cirrostratus
5228. Oceans cover about of the earth’s 5233. The Open Ocean starts at the edge of
surface. the continental shelf where
A. 97% A. There is a sharp increase in depth
B. 65% B. Waves cease to effect movement
C. 70% C. Wind drives ocean currents
D. 100% D. The salinity of the water rises sharply

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 567

5234. Where you find volcanoes and earth- 5239. location of maximum ocean depths
quakes. A. deep sea trenches

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A. active margin B. abyssal plain
B. passive margin C. continental shelf
C. translation margin D. mid-ocean ridge
D. divergent boundaries
5240. Lava erupts through
5235. and affect the ocean’s density A. the abyssal plain
and cause the Global Conveyor Belt to
B. mid ocean ridges
travel, carrying dense nutrient rich water
to warmer regions of the planet. C. continental slopes
A. Gravity, Coriolis Effect D. ocean trenches
B. Temperature, Salinity 5241. The nutrients in the water help tiny
C. Wind, Climate plants called to grow.

D. Temperature, Coriolis Effect A. algae


B. kelp
5236. Countercurrents and undercurrents gen-
erally move than the surface current C. plankton
above, and in direction. D. none of above
A. faster the same 5242. A single high and low tide daily is called
B. faster the opposite a tide. Two unequal high and low tides
daily is called a tide:
C. slower the same
A. diurnal, mixed
D. slower the opposite
B. mixed, semidiurnal
5237. How old were the microfossils of bac- C. diurnal, semidiurnal
teria from the deep-water marine rocks
that support the idea of life’s origin on the D. mixed, diurnal
deep-ocean floor?
5243. Seamount is similiar to
A. 3.0 of A. an atoll reef
B. 3.1 of B. a small mountain or volcano
C. 3.2 of C. The Great Plains
D. 3.3 of D. The Grand Canyon
5238. In which oceanic zone do clamsand crabs 5244. Which of the following are composed
survive by burrowing in the sand? mostly of shells from dead organisms?
A. deep ocean A. calcareous ooze
B. pelagic-open ocean B. siliceous ooze
C. neritic C. abyssal clay
D. intertidal zone D. sand

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 568

5245. The gently sloping section of the conti- 5251. When the Sun and the Moon are in align-
nental margin located between the shore- ment, the tide is strong. What is the name
line and the continental slope. of this tide?
A. Continental Slope A. Neap
B. Continental Shelf B. Neaper
C. Neritic Zone C. Reaper
D. Oceanic Zone D. Spring

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5246. Seawater has a lower freezing point tan 5252. Why does ice float?
fresh water.
A. True
B. False
5247. Which type of currents are driven by
density?
A. water expands when it freezes, mak-
A. Surface Currents ing ice less dense than water
B. Deep Currents B. water compacts when it freezes, mak-
ing ice more dense than water
5248. The zone where water temp drops with
increased depth C. hydrogen bonds in water push the ice
to the surface
A. Surface Zone
D. ice is afraid of water, and avoids it
B. Thermocline
C. Deep Zone 5253. Zooplankton are too small to be effec-
tive vertical migrators, since this behavior
D. Shelf Zone involves a long-distance swim each day.
5249. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the A. True
largest marine oil spill in history. It oc- B. False
curred on April 20, 2010. What was
the location of this environmental catastro- 5254. Which best describes the flow of warm
phe? water currents?
A. Gulf of Alaska
B. Gulf of Mexico
C. Gulf of Aden
D. Gulf of Bengal
5250. If there was no water ocean on Earth’s
A. Warm water currents tend to flow
surface today
away from the equator.
A. temperatures would be more extreme B. Warm water currents tend to flow to-
B. temperature would be less extreme ward the equator.
C. it would be wetter C. Warm water currents surround the
D. weather patterns would be the same poles.
as they are now D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 569

5255. deals with such things as the sedi-


ments and rock layering in seawater.

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A. Physical oceanography
B. Chemical oceanography
C. Geological oceanography
D. Biological oceanography A. the summer solstice

5256. As the depth of ocean water increases, B. the winter solstice


the temperature C. the autumnal equinox
D. the vernal equinox

5260. Normally, atmospheric upwelling and


rain occurs in the:
A. FAR Western Pacific
B. Central Pacific
C. Western Pacific
D. none of above

5261. T1-The plankton thatare animal-likeare


called
A. increases.
B. decreases.
C. fluctuates depending on the pressure.
D. stays the same.

5257. The rising of cold water from deeper


layers to replace warmer surface water is
called
A. bacteria
A. the Coriolis effect
B. phytoplankton
B. a surface current
C. zooplankton
C. upwelling
D. reflection D. none of above

5258. Water becomes saltier and colder at the 5262. Besides hydrogen and oxygen, what are
poles. Where will this water go? the other two MAIN elements found in
ocean water?
A. Stay at the surface
A. Sodium and chlorine
B. sink to the bottom of the ocean
B. Sodium and potassium
5259. In the northern hemisphere, the next
C. Magnesium and chlorine
event that would occur after number 2
would be D. Sulfur and calcium

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 570

5263. Manganese nodules are an example of A. Seamount


B. Volcanic Island
A. hydrogenous sediments C. Abyss
B. cosmogenous sediments D. Continental Shelf
C. biogenous sediments 5268. This ocean borders Africa, Asia, and Aus-
D. none of above tralia. Hurricanes occur in the Atlantic
Ocean, but are called typhoons here.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5264. Found in places like Maine, these
beaches are created from high energy
waves crashing along the shore.
A. basalt sand beaches
B. black sand beaches
C. tropical beaches
D. gravel beaches

5265. Because water can hold a large amount


of heat, which effect do oceans have on A. Indian Ocean
nearby land areas?
B. Atlantic ocean
A. they prevent rapid extreme tempera-
C. Southern ocean
ture changes
D. Blue ocean
B. they form high-pressure areas that
cause magma currents 5269. Canyons on continental slopes carved
C. they provide the energy that triggers out by turbidity currents
volcanic events A. submarine canyons
D. they lower the freezing point of water B. turbidites
C. turbidity currents
5266. A spit that completely closes access to a
bay, thus sealing it off from the main body D. grand canyons
of water 5270. The vertical distance between the high-
A. barrier flat est and lowest points of a wave is called
B. baymouth bar A. wavelength
C. barrier islands B. wave height
D. island chain C. crest
D. trough
5267. Choose the correct option
5271. Area of ocean floor that drops very
steeply to the abyssal plain
A. Ocean Trench
B. Continental Shelf
C. Continental Slope
D. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 571

5272. What is it called when plants release 5276. Which best describes and explains the
water vapor through their leaves? amount of pressure a diver would feel in a
deep ocean trench compared to the amount

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of pressure she would feel on a continental
shelf?
A. Less pressure would be felt at a con-
tinental shelf because temperature de-
creases with depth.
B. Less pressure would be felt at a trench
because pressure decreases with depth.
C. More pressure would be felt at a
trench because pressure increases with
depth.
D. More pressure would be felt at a con-
tinental shelf because temperature de-
creases with depth.
A. sublimation
B. respiration 5277. The supply of freshwater under the
Earth’s surface.
C. transpiration
A. watershed
D. precipitation
B. mouth
5273. What contributes to the sea level ris-
C. headwaters
ing?
D. groundwater
A. Rise in global temperature
B. Politics 5278. A is a transfer of energy from one
water molecule to the next.
C. Melting of glaciers
A. current
D. Resources
B. wave
5274. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
C. breaker
A. Earth’s Rotation
D. none of above
B. Surface Currents
5279. Which is not part of the continental mar-
C. Earth’s Revolution
gin?
D. Surface Winds
A. abyssal plains
5275. Which zone has enough light for plants B. continental shelf
to peform photosynthesis? C. continental slope
A. photic D. submarine canyons
B. neritic
5280. A reef running parallel to the shore but
C. oceanic separated from it by a channel of deep wa-
D. benthic ter.
E. aphotic A. fringing reef

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 572

B. barrier reef 5286. Variation in which property between


water at different temperatures con-
C. atoll
tributes most to the formation of horizon-
D. archipelago tal ocean layers having distinct tempera-
tures?
5281. Groins/Jetties are installed to stop the
momentum of A. density
B. turbidity
A. longshore currents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. density currents 5287. The moon’s pull is strongest at the place
on Earth that is
C. Weathering
A. opposite the moon.
D. Ekman Transport
B. directly facing the moon.
5282. Which subfield of oceanography studies C. opposite the sun.
waves, tides, and currents? D. directly facing the sun.
A. physical
5288. What is structure D?
B. biological
C. geological
D. conservation

5283. Tides are the periodic rise and fall of


ocean water levels caused by
A. the Coriolis Effect A. Continental Shelf
B. the rotation of the Earth B. Trench
C. wind and ocean water density changes C. Guyot
D. gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon D. Abyssal Plain

5284. Which of the following is a verbal scale 5289. Terrigenous sediment is another name
equivalent to the fractional scale 1/200? for which of the following?
A. 1 inch is equal to 200 inches A. Hydrogenous sediment
B. 1 centimeter is equal to 200 centime- B. Biogenous sediment
ters C. Lithogenous Sediment
C. 1 meter is equal to 200 meters D. Cosmogenous Sediment
D. All answers are correct 5290. Who made many discoveries about
ocean currents using messages in bottles
5285. A shadow zone is created when: for his experiments?
A. waves move everywhere A. Isaac Newton
B. waves disappear B. Ben Franklin
C. waves change their type C. Matthew Maury
D. waves find new density area D. George Washington

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 573

5291. Organisms that create their own energy C. trough


from sunlight or chemicals D. crest

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A. Herbivore
5297. Sugar Maple Tree
B. Omnivore
C. Autotroph
D. Heterotroph

5292. What is the study of the oceans called?


A. Meteorology
B. Marine Biology
C. Geology
D. Oceanography
A. Heterotroph
5293. What is a continental slope? B. Autotroph
A. A gently sloping, shallow area
5298. The Impact Crater resulted after a me-
B. A continuous underwater mountain teor hit the coast of present day United
range States about
C. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean A. 35 MYA
floor drops down an incline
B. 200 MYA
D. Underwater, inactive volcanic moun- C. 300 MYA
tains
D. 480 MYA
5294. An underwater mountain rising above
the ocean floor 5299. The theory of continental drift named a
key part of this idea Pangaea. What is
A. Seamount Pangaea?
B. Trench A. One of the ancient animals that helped
C. Abyssal Plain Wegener prove that fossils from different
continents originally came from the same
D. Volcanic Island
location
5295. Which of the following does not fit the B. supercontinent that existed in Earth’s
pattern? distant past
A. Autotrophs C. The underwater ocean range in the
B. Chemosynthesis middle of the ocean
D. The hot spot which gave rise to the
C. Heterotrophs
Hawaiian Islands, among others
D. Plants
5300. Marine iguanas can feed in cold ocean
5296. The point at the top of the wave is called water because they warm up by basking
the: in the sun on rocks.
A. wave height A. True
B. wave length B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 574

5301. Eutrophication is the enrichment of a 5306. Which group in an experiment is used to


body of water with excess amounts of nu- compare changes in the experiment?
trients. What is the main effect of excess
A. Experimental Group
nitrogen in
B. Control Group
A. Algae growth does not change
B. Algae growth is low 5307. Estuaries are
C. Algae growth is high A. where 2 different oceans mix

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Algae does not grow at all B. where fresh and salt water mix
5302. The distance from one crest to the next C. deep sea vents
crest in a wave is
D. another name for guyots
A. wavelength
B. crest 5308. The density of ocean water depends on
what two factors?
C. trough
D. amplitude

5303. What type of current runs parallel to the


beach?
A. Longshore
B. Rip
A. temperature and global winds
C. Turbidity
B. temperature and nutrients
D. none of above
C. salinity and upwelling
5304. The data used in this practicum is
D. salinity and temperature
A. model data
B. on site 5309. Most ocean waves form as a result of

C. observational data
A. winds blowing across the ocean sur-
D. none of above
face
5305. Ocean surface waves are caused by B. seismic events
C. landslines
D. Earth’s rotation

5310. What gives water its unique properties


such as high heat capacity and cohesion?
A. differences in temperature
A. Hydrogen bonding
B. friction of the wind air molecules mov-
ing over the water molecules B. Covalent bonding
C. rotation of the Earth C. Ionic bonding
D. differences in air pressure D. Metallic bonding

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 575

5311. On this map of the ocean floor extend- B. The specific ways that mutualism is
ing from North America on the left to Eu- carried out.
rope on the right, what name would be

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C. A single pathway or energy flow be-
given to feature F? tween organisms.
D. How carnivores get their food.

5315. Choose the correct option

A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B. Abyss
C. North American continental slope
D. European continental shelf

5312. What does JOIDES stand for?


A. Atlantic Ocean
A. Joint Oceanography Institutions for
Deep Earth Sampling B. Arctic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
B. Joint Oceanographic Institutions for
Deep Earth Sampling D. Pacific Ocean
C. Joint Oceanology Institutions for Deep 5316. First nuclear submarine and the first
Earth Sampling submarine to complete a submerged tran-
D. Joint Ocean Institutions for Deep sit of the North Pole.
Earth Sampling A. Alvin
5313. What is oceanic crust made mostly of? B. Nautilus
A. carbonate sedimentary rocks C. Trieste
B. basalt D. Turtle
C. clay minerals 5317. Sea levels were 130m lower in the past
D. granite than at present. We know this from ice
core samples. Currently the sea level is
5314. What does a food web represent? rising about 3.2mm/year. This could be
due to
A. volcanic eruptions adding more sedi-
ment to the ocean floor-essentially filling
up the ocean
B. the thermal expansion of water means
that when water heats up it simply occu-
pies more area
C. polar ice caps are melting and adding
freshwater to ocean
A. All connections of energy flow through- D. both polar ice caps melting and the
out all organisms in a habitat. thermal expansion of water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 576

5318. What is the typical pH of a base? C. abyssal plains


A. higher pH, >7 D. continental slope
B. 25 km
5323. Which ocean floor feature is a
C. lower pH, < 7 seamount?
D. 110 ppm
A. Feature B
5319. Tsunamis have occurred in the last 50 B. Feature D

NARAYAN CHANGDER
years in all of the following areas, except
C. Feature F
A. Indonesia
D. Feature G
B. Japan
C. Chile 5324. Which environmental risk is not associ-
D. New York City ased with the disposal of used motor oil at
from cars?
5320. How many predators does the squid
have? A. it is insoluble and difficult to clean up
B. it dissolves in water and causes acid
rain
C. it enteres storm drains and contami-
nates surface water
D. it leaks onto the ground and contami-
nates soil and ground water

5325. What is the bottom of the ocean called?

A. 3 A. the ocean basement


B. 4 B. the ocean bottom
C. 2 C. the ocean shelf
D. 1 D. the ocean floor
5321. How does the ocean provide drinking
5326. A geological feature in the ocean that is
water?
the most shallow is a
A. water cycle
A. continental slope
B. sun causes salt water to evaporate
B. continental rise
C. evaporated water falls back as fresh
water as precipitation C. abyssal plain
D. all of the above D. ocean trench

5322. What are the low areas between the E. continental shelf
mountain ridges?
5327. J.Cook made 3 voyages to chart the Pa-
A. rift valley cific in the late 18th century on behalf of
B. trenches which country?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 577

C. Tsunami
D. Storm surge

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5331. Passive continental margins have
A. wide sloping beaches
B. narrow rocky beaches
C. trenches
D. subduction zones

5332. True or false. Coal found in colder cli-


A. United States mates indicate that the land used to be in
a warmer climate.
B. England
A. True
C. France
B. False
D. Spain
5333. Different water samples’ temperatures
5328. Which is the largest ocean on the can be seen below. Select the one that
planet? would be most dense, and therefore fur-
A. Pacific ther down, based on its temperature.
B. Atlantic A. 100 degrees Celsius
C. Indian B. 32 degrees Celsius
D. Southern C. 20 degrees Celsius
Explanation:The density of water is high-
5329. Wind blows warm water away and the est at 4 degrees Celsius. As the tem-
cold water rushes up to take its place perature moves away from this point, the
(brings nutrients and organisms with it) density decreases. Therefore, out of the
given options, water at 0 degrees Celsius
would be denser than water at 32 or 100
degrees Celsius. Hence, it would be fur-
ther down.
D. none of above

5334. An extremely flat area of the sea floor


A. up-welling A. Mesa
B. Coriolis B. Field
C. convergence C. Golden Plain
D. accumulation D. Abyssal Plain

5330. Which of these waves is the least dan- 5335. What is the average temperature of sea-
gerous? water?
A. Square waves A. 3.5 degrees Celsius
B. Tidal waves B. 20 degrees Celsius

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 578

C. 10 degrees Celsius 5340. Occurs when wave energy is trans-


ferred around or away from barriers.
D. 30 degrees Celsius
A. Wave refraction
5336. Which environment(s) is most likely to B. Wave diffraction
have chemosynthesis occur? Choose all
C. Wave reflection
that are correct.
D. none of above
A.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5341. High turbidity means
A. very clear water
B. neutral pH
B. C. very murky or cloudy water
D. high nitrates
5342. The large flat region of the ocean floor
C. that is often covered in sediments is called
the

D.

5337. Where does most evaporation occur?


A. ocean trench
A. Land
B. continental shelf
B. Clouds C. abyssal plain
C. the Ocean D. seamount
D. the atmosphere 5343. Which is the largest ocean subdivision?
5338. Ocean Tides are mostly powered by A. Arctic Ocean
A. Salinity B. Indian Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean
B. Wind
D. none of above
C. Fish
5344. Deep sea creatures are specialized be-
D. the Moon
cause they have to deal with harsh condi-
5339. What happens to the energy of the tions such as (a) temperatures, high (b),
wave as it moves across the surface of the and no sunlight, which means organisms
ocean? have to use chemicals spewing out of the
ocean floor for energy, instead of (c) .
A. Water moves
A. a cold
B. Energy moves forward B. b pressure
C. Both water and energy C. c photosynthesis
D. Nothing happens D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 579

5345. “dawn” to 5350. Regular movements of water far below


A. dusk the oceans surface are called

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B. dawn
C. south
D. none of above

5346. Field of oceanography that studies the


ocean tides and currents as well as the dif-
ferent layers of the ocean. A. Warm Currents
B. Deep Currents
C. Shallow Currents
D. Surface Currents
5351. What is the significance of upwelling in
the ocean?
A. It decreases the water temperature at
A. chemical oceanography the surface.
B. physical oceanography B. It brings nutrient-rich deep water to
C. biological oceanography the nutrient-deprived surface.
D. geological oceanography C. It causes the surface currents to di-
verge.
5347. Where is the ocean deepest? D. It reduces primary production in the
A. ocean trench ocean.
B. volcanic island 5352. At which type of plate boundary do vol-
C. abyssal plain canoes form?
D. mid-ocean ridge A. Convergent-Continental and Oceanic
Crust
5348. The term that indicates slight salinity B. Convergent-Continental and Continen-
differences at depth is tal Crust
A. halocline C. Convergent-Oceanic and Oceanic
B. thermocline Crust
C. attenuation D. none of above
D. salinity 5353. The first person we are aware of who
determined the circumference of the Earth
5349. To save or to maintain natural re- using trigonometry and the angle of sun-
sources. light at Alexandria, Egypt, was
A. Consumption A. Ptolemy
B. Conservation B. Eratosthenes
C. Resource depletion C. Pytheas
D. Management D. Seneca

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 580

5354. What is the Coriolis Effect? C. Magnesium


A. The rhythmic movement that carries D. Calcium
energy through matter or space
B. The apparent curving of moving ob- 5360. Small floating or feebly-swimming
jects from a straight path due to the “plants” and “animals” in the water are
Earth’s rotation A. benthos
C. A measure of the amount of dissolved B. nekton

NARAYAN CHANGDER
salts or solids in liquid
C. plankton
D. A local rise in sea level near the shore
caused by strong winds from a storm D. none of above

5355. Light is strong enough for photosynthe- 5361. Which of the following is the corre-
sis to occur in this zone of the ocean sponding Continental land form for the
A. Euphotic/Photic Abyssal Plain.
B. Aphotic A. Plains
C. Abyssal B. Mountain
D. Oceanic C. Dessert
5356. True or False:The ocean covers nearly D. Valley
71% of the earths surface.
5362. How do human activities affect the
A. True
amount of carbon in our atmosphere?
B. False
A. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the
5357. The distance that the wind has traveled air
across open water B. Decreasing the amount of CO2 in the
A. Fetch air
B. Benthos
5363. What is the second major source of ele-
C. Ocean Current ments in seawater?
D. none of above A. Earth’s interior
5358. Manganese nodules are an example of B. solar radiation
C. lakes
A. biogenous sediments
D. meteorites
B. cosmogenous sediments
C. hydrogenous sediments 5364. A is a layer of water with an abrupt
change in temperature.
D. lithogenous sediments
A. pycnocline
5359. What is the SECOND most abundant ion
in seawater? B. thermocline
A. Sodium C. incline
B. Chloride D. decline

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 581

5365. What does a psychrometer measure? 5370. The lowest point of a wave
A. air pressure A. wave length

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B. temperature B. wave height
C. wind speed C. crest
D. relative humidity D. trough

5366. As you travel deeper underwater, what 5371. What happens once groundwater
happens? reaches a layer of rock in the ground that
A. Temperature decreases and pressure it cannot pass through?
decreases A. it is soaked up by that layer of rock and
B. Temperature decreases and pressure dirt
increases B. it creates an aquifer
C. Temperature increases and pressure C. it creates a reservoir
increases
D. it evaporates
D. Temperature increases and pressure
decreases 5372. Currents we can’t see that are below 1
kilometer to the bottom of the ocean are
5367. How are fishing boats using satellite ob- called
servations?
A. Divergent
A. to measure sea levels
B. Deep
B. to study ocean circulation
C. Surface
C. to locate fish
D. Convergent
D. to predict global climate
5373. The gulf stream current is
5368. This is the study of the contours of the
A. warm
ocean and the ocean floor
B. cold
A. Geology
B. Oceanography 5374. The oceans hold of all the water on
the Earth.
C. Oceanology
D. Meteorology

5369. The method of determining latitude in


the Northern Hemisphere by measuring
the angle between an observer’s line of
site to the North Star and line of site to the
northern horizon was developed by
A. Pytheas A. 52%
B. Eratosthenes B. 69%
C. Herodotus C. 83%
D. Ptolemy D. 97%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 582

5375. A pyramid belonging to which pharaoh 5379. What process of the water cycle would
had a ship entombed in it? allow your hair to dry outside after swim-
A. Snefru ming?

B. Ramses
C. Hand
D. Cheops

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5376. What is the importance of ocean’s on
our earth?
A. condensation
A. Provide water
B. evaporation
B. Oceans help regulate climate, and gen-
erate most oxygen. C. precipitation
D. collection
5377. Compared to an eastern boundary cur-
rent in a gyre, which of the following 5380. What tectonic plate movement creates
statements is true for a western boundary trenches
current? A. Convergent
A. Deeper currents, increased current ve- B. Divergent
locity, warmer water, and narrower cur-
rent are all true of western boundary cur- C. Submerge
rents D. none of above
B. warmer water 5381. are caused by the moon’s gravita-
C. narrower current tional pull on the Earth.
D. deeper current A. Tides

5378. Sam’s family went to Tybee Island for B. Breaker


a vacation. The part of the seashore C. Through
where they were staying had a very nar- D. Current
row beach, and their belongings could get
soaked by waves if they go at the wrong 5382. What happened to cause the “Dark
time of day.When would be the best time Ages” during the European Middle Ages?
for Sam’s family to go to the beach to play A. Collapse of the Roman Empire
in the sun and sand?
B. Invasion by the Mongels
C. Invasion by the Moors
D. The Bubonic Plague

5383. Label B

A. 11:30 am
B. 5:00 am
C. 3:30 pm
D. 11;30 pm A. continental slope

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 583

B. continental shelf C. Wave-cut platforms


C. abyssal plain D. Tombolos

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D. sea mount 5390. Hot mineral-rich water is released from
5384. What causes most ocean waves?
A. The sun A. white smoker chimneys

B. the moon B. black smoker chimneys

C. wind C. the mid-ocean ridge

D. earth’s rotation D. divergent boundaries

5385. What does a wave carry from place to 5391. Which was the 1st expedition devoted
place? to marine science (discovered Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, Mariana Trench, and 4, 000 new
A. energy species)
B. matter
C. people
D. none of above

5386. When surface currents meet continents


they ?
A. Stop moving
B. Are deflected (change paths)
C. Continue in the direction they were go- A. U.S. Exploring Expedition
ing B. Challenger Expedition
D. none of above C. Beagle Expedition
5387. Diatom and Radiolarians make up this D. Meteor Expedition
type of ooze
5392. is what you call an area with TWO
A. siliceous (silica/glass) HIGH and TWO LOW tides each day, but
B. calcareous (calcium/chalk) they are NOT the same size.

5388. Which process increases the salinity of A. Diurnal Tide


water? B. Semi Diurnal Tide
A. runoff from land C. Mixed Tide
B. formation of sea ice D. Rip Tide
C. precipitation 5393. The type of plate boundary where two
D. melting of sea ice plates come together is a

5389. Which is not a feature of an erosional A. Convergent Boundary


coastline? B. Divergent Boundary
A. Sea Cliffs C. Transform Boundary
B. Sea Caves D. Plate Boundary

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 584

5394. Winter beaches


A. are wider than summer beaches due
to low-energy waves during the winter
B. are characterized by most of the
swash soaking into the beach
A. divergent
C. contain less sediment then summer
B. convergent
beaches due to low-energy waves during

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the winter C. transform
D. strike slip
D. are narrower than summer beaches
due to high-energy waves during the win- 5398. When water molecules stick easily to
ter other water molecules, this is called what?

5395. What are the bonds called between


a slightly positive hydrogen in a polar
molecule and a negatively charged atom?

A. cohesion
B. adhesion
A. Hydrogen Bonds
C. solution
B. Water Bonds
D. polar molecule
C. Covalent Bonds
5399. If a material is less dense then water, it
D. Bail Bonds will
A. sink
5396. A cool current in the Pacific Ocean near
North America that brings cold water B. float
down from Canada. C. be neutrally buoyant
A. California Current D. freeze

B. Global Conveyor Belt 5400. Which layer(s) of the Earth make up the
asthenosphere?
C. Gulf Stream
A. Part of the mantle
D. Surface Current B. Crust, mantle, Core
5397. What kind of plate boundary is shown C. Crust and upper mantle
here? D. Only the crust

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 585

5401. Because of the Coriolis Effect, surface 5405. The Bathyal, Abyssal plains and Abyssal
currents in the Northern Hemisphere are hills describe which zone?
deflected

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A. benthic
A. irregularly B. neritic
B. randomly C. oceanic
C. to the left (counterclockwise) D. intertidal
D. to the right(Clockwise)
5406. Water is a compound that consist of 3
5402. The relatively shallow area between atom which is 2 atom oxygen and 1 atom
the continent and true ocean is hydrogen
A. True
B. False

5407. Which of these are the deepest part of


the ocean?
A. Abyssal Plain A. Continental Shelf
B. Hydrothermal Vent B. Abyssal plain
C. Continental Slope C. Continental Slope
D. Continental Margin D. Trench

5403. A disturbance that transfers energy 5408. Shale is an example of which of the fol-
from one place to another without trans- lowing sediment types?
ferring matter is w A. Cosmogenous Sediment
A. wave B. Biogenous Sediment
B. amplitude C. Hydrogenous Sediment
C. frequency D. Lithogenous Sediment
D. magnitude
5409. The 4 principal oceans of the Earth
5404. A wind that blows from an ocean or lake A. Antarctic, Caspian, Indian and Pacific
onto the land is known as a
B. Atlantic, Antarctic, Mediterranean,
and Pacific
C. Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific
D. Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, Pacific

5410. when liquid water is changed to a gas;


water vapor because of the sun
A. sea breeze A. transpirating
B. desert breeze B. Coriolis effect
C. cold wind C. evaporating
D. warm wind D. nonpolar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 586

5411. Imagine you cast a net into the ocean 5415. coastal area of lowest salinity often oc-
to catch shrimp. However, when you pull curs where the lower end of a freshwater
the net up, you realize there is a shark, a river or stream enters the ocean.
crab and only about 10 shrimp. You don’t A. coral reef
feel like taking the effort to toss the shark
B. estuaries
back and it ends up dying. Why would you
call this shark a bycatch? 5416. How does adhesion contribute to capil-
A. The shark is a bycatch because it was lary action?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the main target of the fishing trip A. Water molecules will “tow” each other
along.
B. The shark is a bycatch because it was
intentionally caught to protect the shrimp B. Water molecules will contract and sep-
arate
C. The shark is a bycatch because it was
released back into the ocean unharmed 5417. What is the best reason to have ade-
quate space between a septic tank and a
D. The shark is considered a bycatch be-
well?
cause it was unintentionally caught while
fishing for shrimp. A. contamination of well water with fecal
coliform bacteria
5412. What causes the water in the ocean to B. contamination of the septic tanks with
evaporate? too much fresh water
A. heat from the sun C. there is no real reason for concern
as a septic tank is a concrete box in the
B. storms
ground where water is confined.
C. ocean currents D. none of above
D. low temperatures
5418. What is an ROV?
5413. This type of plankton causes a Red Tide. A. A submarine
A. Diatoms B. A type of SCUBA gear
C. A type of buoy used by NOAA
B. Dinoflagellates
D. A remotely operated vessel
C. Protista
5419. If you were making a pie chart showing
D. none of above
that 80% of all species live in the ocean,
5414. A change in the pattern of warm ocean and only 20% live on land, how many de-
currents can cause a climate change by grees of the circle would you put in each
section?
A. releasing thermal energy in irregular
A. 288 degrees for ocean, 72 degrees for
spurts
land
B. absorbing thermal energy from the B. 80 degrees for ocean, 20 degrees for
Sun’s rays land
C. moving thermal energy from one place C. 300 degrees for ocean, 60 degrees for
to another land
D. increasing the ocean’s capacity for ab- D. 180 degrees for ocean, 180 degrees
sorbing thermal energy for land

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 587

5420. Cold ocean currents generally come from 5424. Water that is a mixture of both fresh
and salt.
A. Estuary

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B. Mangrove Forest
C. Brackish Water
D. Salt Marsh

A. The North Pole 5425. What is letter E?

B. The South Pole


C. The Equator
D. Both North and South Poles
A. Volcanic Island
5421. #8 in the diagram represents
B. Seamount
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Abyssal Plain
5426. Which of the following can help reduce
the amount of nitrates in your tank?
A. adding dechlorinator to you tank
B. adding more fish to you tank
C. water change
A. transpiration
D. removing plants from your tank
B. condensation
5427. Hurricanes are rapidly rotating
C. precipitation
A. low pressure systems
D. evaporation
B. high pressure systems
5422. The current that travels parallel to the C. sea breezes
shore and transports sediment down the D. land breezes
coast is called
5428. Nutrients are brought to the surface for
A. East Australian Current
phytoplankton to use at
B. Global Conveyor Belt
C. Longshore Current
D. Coastal Current

5423. How fast can tsunamis travel?


A. 400 mph
A. gyres
B. 100 mph B. eddies
C. 1, 000, 000 mph C. upwelling
D. 500 mph D. the equator

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 588

5429. True or False? When you are out in the C. Currents are caused by year-round
ocean, you might not even be able to de- wind patterns density changes
tect a tsunami wave. D. Waves occur only at the surface.
A. True
5433. Starting in South America, if you were
B. False to travel due east around the world,
C. Wait, what? in which order would you pass through
D. none of above Earth’s oceans?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Indian, Pacific, Atlantic
5430. What is capillarity?
B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian
A. When water cannot infiltrate a sub-
stance C. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic

B. Water being held onto by rock or sedi- D. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific


ment
5434. Why does oceanic crust subduct under
C. The ability of water to move upward continental crust?
against gravity in a material
D. The percentage of empty space in a
material

5431. What is a current?


A. The movement of energy through a
body of water.
B. A large stream of moving water that
flows from one place to another. A. Oceanic crust is thin
C. Movements of water flowing horizon- B. Oceanic crust is dense
tally in the upper part of the ocean’s sur- C. Continental crust is thin
face caused by winds.
D. Continental crust is dense
D. Movements of water flowing vertically
in the upper part of the ocean’s surface 5435. Tectonic plates are made up of continen-
caused by winds. tal crust and crust.
5432. Which of the following is not true? A. continental
B. oceanic
C. plates
D. mantle

5436. How many main layers of Earth are


there?
A. 2

A. Waves are caused by density changes. B. 4

B. Tides are caused by gravitational pull C. 6


of the moon and sun. D. 8

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 589

5437. Which number on the diagram indicates 5441. This is know as the midnight zone
the wave height? A. bathroom

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B. abyssal
C. euphotic
D. none of above

5442. What happens to pressure as you go


A. 1 deeper into the ocean?
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
5438. Students complete a lab to show what
happens to the density of water in re-
gards to freshwater compared to saltwa-
ter. What material affects the density? A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. doubles

5443. As the depth of water increases, the


A. Types of eggs
amount of sunlight
B. Size of beaker
A. stays the same.
C. The amount of salt
B. increases.
D. The amount of water
C. decreases.
5439. Evaporites are an example of which
D. gets in your eyes more.
type of sediment?
A. Hydrogenous 5444. Currents that are far beneath the sur-
B. Biogenous face

C. Lithogenous A. deep ocean currents


D. Cosmogenous B. surface currents
C. current
5440. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
textbook, the tendency for the path of a D. global winds
moving object to deflect to the right in the
Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the 5445. The circulation of water throughout the
Southern Hemisphere is called oceans is known as ?
A. Pressure Gradient A. Wind speed
B. Convection B. Currents
C. Atmospheric Circulation Cells C. Energy
D. The Coriolis Effect D. Wave power

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 590

5446. These are deposits made by turbidity 5452. NOAA scientists have been collecting
currents; graded layers of terrigenous and studying sponges, corals, and other
sand interbedded with finer pelagic sedi- marine organisms to develop
ment A. the first ever data base of organisms
A. grains B. a cure for the common cold
B. sediments C. a cure for the flu
C. turbidites D. more effective antibiotics

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. shells E. new formulas for antiperspirants

5447. What eats phytoplankton? 5453. Choose the correct option


A. Bacteria
B. Zooplankton
C. Mammals
D. Humans

5448. An isolated flat-topped mountain is A. Neap Tide


known as
B. High Tide
A. guyot
C. Low Tide
B. trench D. Spring Tide
C. abyssal plain
5454. Without this vessel the Titanic may not
D. mid-ocean ridge have been discovered. This vessel has
been actively used for more than 5000
5449. A person who studies the ocean missions.
A. audiologist A. Alvin
B. geologist B. Nautilus
C. biologist C. Trieste
D. oceanographer D. Turtle

5450. Salts dissolved in water raises the 5455. Due to the Coriolis Effect, prevailing
freezing point of seawater greater than winds and ocean currents
the freezing point of freshwater. A. travel in a straight line.
A. true B. travel in a curved path.
B. false C. travel north to south.
5451. Which is greater, the average height of D. travel east to west.
the continents or the average depth of the
5456. What is the source for most of the
ocean?
water vapor that enters the atmosphere
A. the average height of the continents. through evaporation?
B. the average depth of the ocean. A. land

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 591

B. plants 5460. Beach deposits are an example of


C. oceans A. hydrogenous sediment.

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D. mountains B. cosmogenous sediment.
5457. What is letter D? C. biogenous sediment.
D. lithogenous sediment.

5461. A lion has pointed teeth to help it tear


meat off of the bone.
A. Behavioral Adaptation
A. Cont. Shelf
B. Physical Adaptation
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Volcanic Island 5462. How do warm-water currents affect the
coastal areas along which they flow?
D. Seamount
A. They create greater rainfall along the
5458. What is the role of the sun in the water coast.
cycle?
B. They create unusually cool climates for
the latitude.
C. They make the coastal climate cooler
than the inland climate.
D. They create unusually warm climates
for the latitude.

5463. “B” represents:

A. provide heat energy for evaporation


B. provide heat energy for condensation
C. dry out the soil for runoff to occur
D. provide thermal energy for accumula-
tion
A. Crest
5459. During the moon phase shown in the im-
age Earth will experience a- B. Trough
C. Wavelength
D. Amplitude

5464. The Coriolis Effect deflects wind direc-


tion. How does this process impact ocean
surface currents?
A. The wind deflects the currents to the
A. Spring Tide right in the Northern Hemisphere and to
B. Neap Tide the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 592

B. The wind deflects the currents to the


left in the Northern Hemisphere and to the
right in the Southern Hemisphere.
C. The wind deflects the currents to the
left in both hemispheres.
D. The wind deflects the currents to the
right in both hemispheres.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5465. Term given to describe the 2 name nam-
ing system is:
A. dichotmous key
A. lobtailing
B. binomial nomenclature
B. fluking
C. 2 scientific names
C. spit jumping
D. binomial key
D. blowing
5466. What type of tide occurs on the sides of
5470. 3 is the while 4 is the
the Earth that are at right angles to the
Moon?
A. High tide
B. Low tide
C. Spring tide
D. Neap tide A. trough; crest
B. crest; trough
5467. Salts are added to sea water by
C. height; wavelength
A. ice crystals, slush, pancake ice, pack D. wavelength; amplitude
ice
B. volcanic eruptions and by the weather- 5471. How do most surface waves form?
ing and erosion of rocks. A. Winds blow acorss the surface of the
water and give their energy to the water.
5468. If you live near the ocean, in a marine
B. Lightning hits the water and makes the
climate, what kind of winters would you
water move.
expect?
A. Harsh, extreme winters 5472. Coral reefs are (a) shallow areas built
by (b), it is considered the (c) of the sea,
B. Mild winters it has an abundance of food, fish and (d)
C. No winters at the beach. such as crab and shrimp.
D. none of above A. a warm
B. b limestone
5469. A term used to describe the action of
when whales lift their head straight out C. c rainforest
of the water D. d invertebrates

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 593

5473. Which of the following is a herbivore? 5478. Which of the following is not likely to
be a part of the vents environment?

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A. high pressure.
B. temperature extremes.
C. low pressure.
D. none of above

5479. What is the name of the device invented


A. cricket in the 1800s that provided a portable air
B. frog supply for divers?
C. hawk A. sounding weight
D. shrew B. diving bell
5474. Wind-driven currents are those that C. scuba diving apparatus
move the upper parts of the ocean horizon- D. echo sounder
tally by wind action that strikes the ocean
surface. 5480. Which of the following would be consid-
A. True ered a non-point source pollution:
B. False A. A sewer pipe leak
5475. The Challenger Deep in the Mariana B. Fertilizer runoff
trench is the deepest part of the ocean. C. A gas leak from an underground tank
What phenomenon is this trench associ-
ated with: D. none of above

A. Sea floor spreading 5481. What statement is true?


B. Continental rifting A. The salinity of ocean water is the same
C. Subduction around the world.
D. Hot spot volcanism B. Most ocean wildlife lives in the conti-
nental rise.
Explanation:
C. Marine organisms are impacted by
ocean currents.
The Pacific plate is subducting beneath
the Indo-Australian plate, creating a deep D. There are no decomposers in the
ocean trench. ocean.

5476. The sponge has no organs, tissues, and 5482. Most hurricanes that hit North America
no nervous system. start near which continent as a low pres-
A. True sure system?
B. False A. Africa
5477. A is made of B. Europe
A. current gyres C. Asia
B. gyre currents D. Australia

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 594

5483. Seine Net:a long net (seine or drag- 5486. What is the continental slope?
net)attached to two poles used in tidal A. the land between the continental shelf
pools oralong the shore to catch fish and the ocean floor
and otherorganisms.
B. the land between the ocean floor and
the underwater mountains
C. a gradual drop from the land to the
ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. a slope of the continent

5487. Portion of the shoreline that lies be-


A. freshwater tween the high and low tide lines, where
B. brackish ocean meets land.

C. marine A. In the bathyal zone

D. river B. talk zone


C. neritic/sublittoral zone
5484. How does seawater differ from pure
water in terms of its physical and chemi- D. intertidal zone
cal structure?
5488. a wave with a white crest that becomes
A. Seawater has a lower freezing point foam on the shore
than pure water
A. current
B. Seawater has a lower density than
pure water B. trough

C. Seawater contains more dissolved C. crest


salts and minerals than pure water D. breaker
D. Seawater has a higher boiling point
5489. The density of sea water is the den-
than pure water
sity of pure water
5485. What would cause the water table to A. Lesser than
lower?
B. Equal to
C. Greater than
D. Unrelated to

5490. A air mass develops over warm ar-


eas in the Gulf of Mexico and the North At-
lantic Ocen and affects the wheather along
A. High rates of evaporation and transpi-
the East Coast of the United States and the
ration
Midwest.
B. Low rates of evaporation and transpi-
A. Continental tropical
ration
B. maritime polar
C. Increasing amounts of runoff
D. A heavy rainstorm with a lot of precip- C. continental polar
itation D. maritime tropical

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 595

5491. A net, whose “mouth” is kept open by 5497. What did Ptolemy do?
“doors, “ that is pulled through the water
A. established temporary settlement in
column or close to the ocean floor and col-

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North America
lects specimens.
A. Cast Net B. made important observations about
drift of sea ice
B. Dip Net
C. mapped world with Roman knowledge
C. Otter Trawl Net
at the time
D. Plankton Net
D. led voyage that first circumnavigated
E. Purse His Net the globe
5492. The largest high tides occur when
5498. If tides alternate from high to low and
A. The moon is full
there are two of each type of tide a day,
B. The moon is a quarter moon about how many hours will generally be
C. There is a crescent moon between each different tide?
D. The sun is shining A. 2 hours
5493. The flat, smooth part of the deep ocean B. 6 hours
floor C. 12 hours
A. continental shelf
D. 24 hours
B. continental slope
C. continental rise 5499. Which of the following are associated
with density currents? (Choose all that ap-
D. abyssal plain
ply)
5494. Which of the following would NOT
A. Wind
change the density of water
A. Temperature B. Convection

B. Salinity C. Hot and cold water (temperature)


C. Color D. The gravitational pull of the moon and
D. All of these change density present phase of the moon
E. The amount of salt contained in water
5495. Which zone is completely dark and near
Explanation:Density currents involve wa-
freezing in temperature?
ter moving due to differences in the den-
A. sunlight sity of the water Density currents are cre-
B. twilight ated due to:Cold water vs. Warm water
C. midnight Salt water vs. Fresh water
D. none of above 5500. What will ocean acidification affect?
5496. Which of these is a likely prediction A. seafood
based on the current trend in ocean tem-
perature data? B. air quality
A. corals in coral reefs dying C. biodiversity
B. accelerated growth of coral reefs D. all of the above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 596

5501. Wavelength is a measure of the horizon- 5506. The water released from hydrothermal
tal distance between vents originated in
A. two wave crests A. the mantle
B. a wave’s crest and trough B. oceanic crust
C. a wave’s crest and the ocean surface C. the ocean
D. any two water molecules in the same D. the atmosphere
wave

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5507. An animal that only feeds on plants is
5502. Ocean acidification begins with called
A. pollution from ships A. Vegetarian
B. carbon dioxide released from the burn- B. Herbivore
ing of fossil fuels
C. Carnivore
C. dumping of waste from cities into the
ocean D. Vegan
D. none of above 5508. What is the greenhouse effect?
5503. What is the largest coral reef on the A. The warming of a planet due to
planet? trapped radiation.
A. Line book w Re picture f, Fiji B. The cooling of Earth due to air pollu-
tion.
B. Great Chago Archipelago, Indian
Ocean C. The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
C. Amazon Reef, Brazil D. none of above
D. Great Barrier Reef, Australia
5509. The portion of the seafloor adjacent to
5504. Some species are brightly biolumines- the continents; includes continental shelf,
cent. slope, and rise

A. diatom A. continental margin

B. dinoflagellate B. ocean basin floor

C. Both diatoms and dinoflagellates C. seamounts

D. Neither diatoms or dinoflagellates D. pelagic zone

5505. Currents that can keep coastal regions 5510. Which space exploration device has pro-
cooler than the inland climate year-round vided the best understanding of the uni-
are verse?
A. cold-water currents. A. Sputnik
B. warm-water currents. B. Hubble Space Telescope
C. deep currents. C. Keyhole-9
D. breaking currents. D. Viking-2

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 597

5511. *Check out this picture. Which layer has C. Trench


the highest density? D. Continental Rise

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5515. Why do we experience the changing of
seasons on the Earth?
A. distance from the sun
B. rotation of the earth
C. change in solar output
D. tilt of the earth’s axix
5516. As the amount of light increases, pres-
sure
A. decreases
B. increases
C. stays the same
D. none of above
5517. Without Earth would have to ex-
A. Red pand constantly to make room for new
B. Blue lithosphere being created along mid-ocean
ridges.
C. Green
A. Divergent boundaries
D. Yellow
B. Plate tectonics
5512. The accumulation of sediments at the C. Subduction zones
base of the continental slope is called the
D. Transform boundaries
A. trench
5518. Which part of the Mollusk body is spe-
B. turbidity current
cialized for burrowing, feeding, and move-
C. continental margin ment?
D. continental rise

5513. How do warm-water currents affect the


coastal areas along which they flow?
A. Cause higher tides
B. Cool the coast
C. Warm the coast
D. Cause snow to fall

5514. Which geological feature is associated A. trochophores


with seafloor spreading? B. visceral mass
A. Volcanic Island C. mantle
B. Mid Ocean Ridge D. foot

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 598

5519. The general pattern of atmosphere and 5525. Oil and natural gas are resources.
weather over a long period of time is called A. nonrenewable
A. meteorology. B. desalination
B. climate C. dry
C. fronts D. seismic
D. hydrology
5526. How many holes have been drilled into
the sea floor using a drill ship to collect

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5520. Strong updrafts with cumulonimbus
clouds can cause rain to freeze, which pro- cores for scientific study?
duces A. Less than 500
A. snow B. 500 to 1000
B. sleet C. 1500 to 2000
C. rain D. More than 2000
D. hail 5527. Choose the correct option
5521. How many steps are there in the scien-
tific method?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
A. Sea of Japan
5522. Spring tides occur when the Earth, Sun
and Moon are B. Sea of Okhotsk

A. At a 90 degree angle C. South China Sea

B. In a straight line D. Tasman Sea


E. Yellow Sea
5523. What are the two types of corals?
5528. This person was the first European to
A. plant/animal
map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence
B. spring/fall
C. fringing/barrier
D. hard/soft

5524. If there were no surface currents, what


could be a possible effect on Iceland’s cli-
mate?
A. drier and warmer A. Jacques Cartier
B. wetter and warmer B. Jacques Cousteau
C. drier and colder C. Sylvia Earle
D. wetter and colder D. Robert Ballard

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 599

5529. Uses sound waves to measure distance, D. Any area between dry land and wet
makes a map of ocean floor. land.

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A. Satellites
5535. Coral reefs are endangered by
B. Sonar
C. Deep-Sea Drilling A. climate change

D. ROVs B. overfishing

5530. How many low and high tides do we C. pollution


have each day if it mixed semidiurnal? D. all of the above
A. 3
B. 4 5536. If the first HIGH tide of the day occurs
at 1:00 A.M., the next high tide will come
C. 1 closest to
D. 2
A. 7:00 AM
5531. The ocean is considered slightly: B. 7:00 PM
A. Acidic
C. 1:00 PM
B. Neutral
D. 1:00 AM
C. Basic
D. Alkaline 5537. The lowest part of the wave is?
5532. Which circulation pattern takes 1, 000 A. trough
years to complete a cycle?
B. crest
A. Trade winds
C. point of origin
B. Thermohaline circulation
C. The girl D. compression point
D. The boy
5538. Chose the correct definition for the word
5533. What percent of Earth’s total water is Tide.
fresh water?
A. 1%
B. 3%
C. 70%
D. 97%
5534. A ridgeline (or divide) is
A. The bank of a stream separating it A. When an object is bound with rope.
from the forest buffer.
B. Something used to wash clothes.
B. An area of higher ground that sepa-
rates two adjacent watersheds. C. I type of wave in the ocean.
C. The area of land that flows into a body D. The periodic rise and fall of the sea
of water. level.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 600

5539. Fill in the blank:A adaptation is the C. one time a day.


way an animal looks in order to help them D. once a month.
survive.
5544. From about 1400-1700 began the
A. simple
Period in Europe.
B. behavioral A. Renaissance
C. physical B. Dark Ages
D. extreme C. Middle Ages

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5540. According to your textbook (Wohlers et D. Exploration
al., 2006), what answer choice best de- 5545. What is the most abundant salt in sea
scribes minerals that specifically exist at water?
ferromanganese nodules?
A. magnesium chloride
A. magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and mag-
B. calcium chloride
nesium sulfate (MgSO4)
C. sodium chloride
B. iron, manganese, copper, nickel, and
cobalt D. potassium chloride

C. lead, zinc, copper, iron, silver, cad- 5546. The method of determining latitude in
mium, and sulfur the Northern Hemisphere by measuring
the angle between an observer’s line of
D. sodium chloride
site to the North Star and line of site to the
5541. The Atlantic is the largest ocean. northern horizon was developed by
A. True A. Pytheas

B. False B. Seneca
C. Ptolemy
5542. Which tidal cycle has two high tides at
D. Herodotus
roughly the same level and two low tides
at roughly the same level? 5547. Fill-in-the-blank:Domain Kingdom
A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle Phylum
A. Order
B. Mixed tidal cycle
B. Family
C. Diurnal tidal cycle
C. Class
D. none of above
D. Species
5543. Using the tide chart above, how often
5548. Penguin
do high tides occur in most places

A. two times a day.


B. twice a month.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 601

A. Heterotroph B. ocean waters retain heat for long peri-


B. Autotroph ods

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C. oceans get heated slower than the
5549. The graph presents information about land surfaces
the climate of Dallas, Texas.Which of the
following best describes this climate? D. difference in time zones

5553. Plastics in the ocean break down into

A. dust
B. microplastics
C. plankton
D. none of above

A. warm temperatures and rainy weather 5554. In which ocean zones do crabs, mussels,
all year long anemone, barnacles, and sea stars live?
B. warm summers, cold winters, sea-
sonal precipitation
C. seasonal temperatures, little precipi-
tation
D. warm, wet summers; cold, dry winters

5550. maintenance of life under constantly


changing conditions by continuous adap-
A. neritic
tion of successive generations of a species
to its environment B. intertidal
A. evolution C. open ocean
B. adaptation D. abyss
C. hierarchy
5555. Which type of feedback loop is repre-
D. kingdom sented in the picture?
5551. Flat featureless expansions of the ocean
A. abyssal plains
B. continental margins
C. mid-ocean ridges
D. oceanic trenches

5552. the ocean surface temperature is high-


est at 2 p.m. Why?
A. Positive
A. land and sea breeze does not allow the
ocean to heat fast B. Negative

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 602

5556. 1 high and 1 low tide per day each 12 A. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arc-
hours and 25 minutes apart ex:Gulf of tic
Mexico, S.E. Asia
B. Arctic, Southern, Indian, Atlantic, Pa-
A. semi diurnal cific
B. mixed C. Indian, Arctic, Pacific, Southern, At-
C. diurnal lantic

D. none of above D. Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, South-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ern
5557. Carbon dioxide is added to ocean water
through 5561. Scientists fear coral reefs could die out
by
A. rivers and streams
A. 2035
B. animals
B. 2050
C. the atmosphere
D. all the above C. 2089
D. 2020
5558. Ocean currents that move toward the
poles are 5562. Which zone is closest to the shore?
A. warm A. intertidal
B. cold B. neritic
C. warm in the Northern Hemisphere and C. oceanic
cold in the Southern Hemisphere
D. benthic
D. cold in the Northern Hemisphere and
warm in the Southern Hemisphere E. aphotic

5559. This famous transform fault is located in 5563. How we can protect the Potomac River
the western United States creates signifi- A. Picking up trash
cant earthquake activity for California
B. Using different kinds of transportation
other than cars
C. Stop dumping chemical wastes in
drains
D. Littering

5564. Tidal range is:

A. New Madrid A. most dynamic during neap tides

B. Denali Fault B. the mean length of the beach slope mi-


nus 45 meters
C. Ramapo Seismic Zone
C. the distance between a semidiurnal
D. San Andreas and diurnal tide
5560. List the oceans in order from largest to D. the distance between high and low tide
smallest on any shoreline.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 603

5565. which ocean zone does this image repre- B. Colder water from the Gulf Stream de-
sent? creases the speed and intensity of the hur-
ricane.

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C. Warmer water from the Gulf Stream in-
creases the speed and intensity of the hur-
ricane.
D. Warmer water from the Gulf Stream
decreases the speed and intensity of the
hurricane.

A. coral reef 5569. In what layer is the ISS, International


B. open ocean Space Station, orbiting?

C. deep ocean
D. hydrothermal vent

5566. What CAUSES deep ocean currents:


A. Wind
B. density differences caused by temper-
ature and salinity
A. Troposphere
C. gravitational pull of the sun and moon
B. Thermosphere
D. satellites orbiting in outer space
C. Mesosphere
5567. Where is the shallowest part of the D. Stratosphere
ocean floor?
A. continental slope 5570. Who were the first sailors to reach and
settle in Iceland, Greenland, and North
B. continental shelf America?
C. abyssal plains A. Vikings
D. rift zones
B. Phoenicians
5568. How does the Gulf Stream impact hur- C. Polynesians
ricane development off the coast of the
D. Greeks
southeastern United States?
5571. A coastal region that is characterized by
mountain-building activity including earth-
quakes, volcanic activity, and tectonic mo-
tion resulting from movement of tectonic
plates.
A. Active continental margin
B. Passive continental margin
A. Colder water from the Gulf Stream in-
creases the speed and intensity of the hur- C. Deep ocean trench
ricane. D. Deep ocean basin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 604

E. Seamount 5577. What is the depth of the Marine Coper-


nicus data on first grid?
Explanation: A. 1 m
B. 0, 49 m
5572. What decreases runoff? C. 0, 5 m

A. drought, population, and agriculture D. 0, 1 m

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. precipitation 5578. The mathematician predicted the tides
based on the phases of the moon.
C. heavy rainfall
A. Eratosthenes
D. continental shelf
B. Pytheas
5573. Animals that are known to live and
5579. An aquifer is a(n)
thrive in extreme conditions are known as
A. well in which water rises because of
A. phytoplankton pressure
B. plankton B. a place where groundwater bubbles or
C. extremophilia flows out of cracks in the rocks

D. extremophiles C. type of hot spring from which water pe-


riodically erupts
5574. What is the largest reef in the world? D. underground layer of rock or sediment
that holds water
A. Belize Barrier Reef
B. Great Barrier Reef 5580. The distance from crest to trough is:
C. Aldabra Atoll A. wavelength

D. The Palancar Reef B. wave height


C. elliptical
5575. The bottom layer of the atmosphere in D. none of above
which we live and where weather occurs
A. Mesosphere 5581. What size sediment would you find in a
high energy environment?
B. Stratosphere
A. Clay-size particles
C. Thermosphere
B. Cosmogenous sediments
D. Troposphere C. large size particles such as gravel
5576. Oceans cover % of the Earth’s sur- D. Manganese nodules
face
5582. Who wrote sailing directions?
A. 50 A. Matthew Maury
B. 64 B. Captain James Cook
C. 71 C. Prince Henry Navigator
D. 92 D. Ferdinand Magellan

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 605

5583. Lowest layer of the atmosphere 5588. What causes surface currents?
A. Stratosphere

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B. Troposphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere

5584. What are some affects of La Nina?


A. moon’s gravitational pull
A. heavy rains B. wind
B. flooding C. temperature
C. drought in India D. salinity
D. none of above
5589. Ultimately, the source of water that
5585. Tectonics is the study of recharges the aquifer is
A. Earth’s magnetism. A. nearby springs

B. faults and volcanoes. B. the ocean

C. earthquakes. C. rain
D. plant matter
D. crustal plate movements.
5590. What do we call the small tides that hap-
5586. What is “D”
pen when the sun and moon are at right
angles to each other?
A. Neap Tide
B. Spring Tide
C. Larger Change
D. Smaller Change

5591. In which direction do prevailing wester-


A. Continental Shelf lies flow?
B. Continental Rise A. from east to west
C. Abyssal Plain B. from west to east
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge C. from north to south
D. from south to north
5587. Which of the following is a biogenous
sediment? 5592. What is cohesion?
A. Clays A. The degree to which the elements in-
side a module belong together
B. Glacial deposits
B. The ability of a program to handle mul-
C. Volcanic particles
tiple tasks simultaneously
D. Diatom ooze C. The degree to which the elements in-
E. Beach sand side a module are unrelated

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 606

D. The process of breaking a program 5596. The bottom of the ocean floor is also
into distinct features that overlap in func- know as the
tionality A. ocean floor
5593. The zones of the ocean are distinguished B. ocean base
by their varying amounts of all of the fol-
C. ocean bottom
lowing EXCEPT:
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5597. A ringlike system of ocean currents that
rotate in circular patterns are called:
A. circumpolars
B. gyres
C. tsunamis
A. water D. waves
B. oxygen
5598. Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenew-
C. sunlight able because they
D. water pressure A. require expensive equipment
5594. Identify the ocean at location #3 B. take millions of years to replace
C. can be found all over
D. provide all the energy we use

5599. What did Eratosthenes do?


A. led voyage that first circumnavigated
the globe
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. established temporary settlement in
B. Arctic Ocean North America
C. Pacific Ocean C. first determined Earth’s circumfer-
D. Indian Ocean ence
D. made important observations about
5595. How long is a lunar day?
drift of sea ice

5600. Different parts of the ocean water have


the same density and saltiness.
A. True
B. False
A. about 6 hours 5601. Ocean currents occur because water has
B. about 12 hours different amounts of salt.
C. about 24hours A. True
D. about 25hours B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 607

5602. Which of the following is matched up B. Magnesium is the least abundant ele-
correctly? ment

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A. thermocline-density C. Sodium chloride is the most abundant
B. chemocline-temperature compound

C. halocline-salinity D. Sodium chloride can only be found in


the ocean
D. pycnocline-temperature
5607. Surface currents and deep currents join
5603. S selflessness and together to make a
A. clutter
B. patch
C. smudge
D. none of above

5604. What happens to the air pressure the


higher up in space you go?
A. the air pressure increases A. Deep Sea Current
B. the air pressure decreases B. Warm Current
C. the air pressure stays the same C. Cold Current
D. there is no air pressure D. Convection Current

5605. What are some ways that people can 5608. In regards to Oceanography, Benjamin
protect themselves from tsunamis? Franklin was known for which of the fol-
lowing? Check all that apply.
A. build protective walls
B. use tsunami warning devices (buoys
and signals)
C. live / retreat to higher elevations
D. all of these

5606. Based on this chart, what is the best


conclusion?

A. Created the first flat rectangular map


of the Earth
B. Discovered there was NO continent in
the Arctic
C. Organized efforts to produce an accu-
rate map of the Earth
A. Six elements make up 50 % of ocean D. Led the first voyage that circumnavi-
water gated the Earth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 608

5609. Tidal bore is a 5614. What navigation system uses satellites


A. daily wave phenomena to communicate?

B. an example of wave refraction A. ROV

C. where the tide pushes up the river pro- B. SUV


ducing a wave C. SCUBA
D. all of the above D. GPS

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5610. what is a stationary front? 5615. What is buoyancy?
A. cool and clear weather A. The movement of an object up and
B. warm and clear weather down
C. days of clouds and precipitation B. The ability to float in water, air, or any
other fluid
D. large amounts of snow or rain with
cooler temperatures C. The measurement of an object ability
to bounce.
5611. Cold deep currents form in oceans near D. The tendency for an object to move
the poles due to past a current
A. the sinking of dense, cold water with
high salinity 5616. Look at the picture and answer cor-
rectly.
B. the Coriolis effect
C. the movement of a large mass of warm
water across the Pacific
D. the sinking of cold, freshwater from
melting ice bergs

5612. The core is mostly made up of


A. Iron
A. THIS IS A WHALE.
B. Nickel
B. THESE IS A WHALE.
C. Volfranium
C. THIS ARE A WHALE.
D. Oxygen
D. THIS IS WHALES.
5613. What type of feeding strategy do organ-
5617. is the amount of salt dissolved in
isms that live in the Mesopelagic zone tend
seawater.
to employ?
A. Cohesion
A. They feed on other organisms in the
Mesopelagic Zone B. Rule of Constant Proportions
B. They descend into the bathypelagic C. Salinity
Zone during the day to feed D. Ocean Acidification
C. They swim into the Neritic Zone at
night to feed 5618. What causes wind?

D. They ascend to the Epipelagic Zone at A. differences in air pressure


night to feed B. differences in gravity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 609

C. difference in oxygen 5624. The horizontal distance between two


D. differences in the thermosphere wave crests.

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A. wave height
5619. Which of the following conditions helps
in the formation of the best fishing B. wavelength
grounds in the world? C. crest
A. Mixing of the cold currents D. trough
B. Mixing of the warm currents
5625. A steep incline leading down from the
C. Mixing of the cold and warm currents edge of the continental shelf
D. None of the above
A. Continental Slope
5620. Morel Mushroom B. Continental Drift
C. Continental Rift
D. Subduction

5626. Why does the Coriolis Effect occur?


A. The earth spins faster at the poles,
causing winds to curve at different lati-
A. Heterotroph
tudes
B. Autotroph
B. The earth spins faster at the equator,
5621. The measurement from crest to trough causing winds to curve at different lati-
in a wave is tudes
A. Crest C. The earth spins at the same rate, curv-
ing the winds at different latitudes
B. Wavelength
C. Trough D. The earth spins at the same rate, caus-
ing winds to spins in gyres
D. Wave Height
5627. Which type of plate boundary slides
5622. What is the name of this vessel and across?
which organization operates it?
A. Convergent
A. Aircraft Carrier, USN
B. Divergent
B. Cutter, USCG
C. Transform
C. Submarine, USN
D. Submersible D. none of above

5623. The amount of water that air can hold 5628. What does chemical oceanography
increases as increases. study?
A. wind speed A. Chemical processes in the ocean
B. air temperature B. Chemical reactions in the Earth’s crust
C. air pressure C. Chemical reactions in the atmosphere
D. all of the above D. Chemical reactions in space

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 610

5629. the layer of the upper mantle that lies 5634. If an earthquake occurs at the bottom of
below the lithosphere the ocean floor what could form as result?
A. crust A. Volcano
B. asthenosphere B. to my wife

C. sea floor spreading C. Tidal Wave


D. Hurricane
D. core
5635. A small easily steerable ship used by

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5630. Which is the largest ocean located to the the Portuguese and Spanish in their explo-
west of California and contains the Hawai- rations.
ian islands?
A. Pizarro
A. Pacific Ocean B. Capitalism
B. Atlantic Ocean C. Cortes
C. Indian Ocean D. caravel
D. Arctic Ocean 5636. Paleoceanography is / are the
5631. Most plant life and marine organisms A. Parts of ocean
are found here? B. History of Ocean
A. Neritic zone C. Physics and Chemistry
B. Oceanic zone D. Earth Science and Geology

C. Talk 5637. glaciers expanding sea level


D. Abyssal plain A. decreases
B. increases
5632. In the ocean, a shark feeds on seals.
C. does not impact
Which animal is the predator?
D. none of above
A. shark
5638. What is the name of a famous sub-
B. seals
mersible used to study the deep oceans?
5633. Choose one statement that is true of the A. DSV Alvin
above charts. B. HMS Challenger
C. OSTM/Jason-2
D. RMS Titanic
5639. Why do you divide the SONAR data by
two?
A. You have to factor in gravity.
A. There was more precipitation in Miami B. The total time is the speed of sound in
during the month of May from 1981-2010. water.
B. There was more precipitation in Miami C. The total time is the round trip dis-
during the month of May from 1901-1930. tance.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 611

D. The depth of the ocean varies and we 5643. An instrument used to remove a piece of
need to average it. ocean floor to study the sediments.

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A. Core Sampler
5640. What letter best points out the location
where the spill volume was approximately B. Dredge
31 million gallons due to an oil platform C. Grab Sampler
being struck attacked by a helicopter?
D. Sediment Sieves

5644. What answer choice best describes the


term maximum sustainable yield?
A. the decline in species that feed on fish
B. using new technologies and methods
to catch fish
A. Letter A C. the number of a target species fish-
B. Letter B eries can take without jeopardizing future
populations
C. Letter C
D. it can deplete species higher on the
D. Letter D food web that consume them
E. Letter E
5645. Why are deep ocean currents impor-
5641. The ocean floor is tant?
A. extremely flat A. They circulate nutrient rich water from
the deep ocean to the surface where it can
B. covered with mountains, plains, ridges be used by algae and plants
and trenches
B. They keep the deep ocean warm so
C. covered with the same amount of wa- that whales and deep ocean fish have a
ter everywhere pleasant habitat
D. has the same types of aquatic life in all C. They move plastic pollution from the
areas surface to the ocean floor, cleaning the
oceans.
5642. LIthosphere
D. They are very fast and can be used to
assist in ships’ transport

5646. Collected valuable oceanographic, mag-


netic, and meteorological information in
the Arctic. Allowed his specially designed
ship Fram to be trapped in the Arctic ice
and drift for nearly four years, showing
no arctic continent existed.
A. A and B A. Alfred Wegener
B. A and C B. Fridtjof Nansen
C. B and C C. Christopher Columbus
D. C and D D. Ferdinand Magellan

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 612

5647. Ocean floor topography is also known D. Burning In-Situ


as bathymetry. E. Hot Water and High Pressure Washing
A. True
5652. What is the average depth of the
B. False world’s oceans?
5648. What is structure F? A. 2, 500 meters
B. 5, 000 meters

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 3, 800 meters
D. 1, 000 meters

5653. The average time water stays in the


ocean before evaporating is about
A. Continental Rise A. 9 days
B. Trench B. 10 years
C. Guyot C. 100 years
D. Abyssal Plain D. 4100 years

5649. California has a transform plate bound- 5654. Surface currents are mainly formed by
ary running through it known as the San A. the moon’s gravity
Andreas Fault. This type pf boundary
means it it likely to experience what ge- B. the sun’s gravity
ologic process? C. wind
A. The formation of mountain ranges D. increased water density
B. Volcanic eruptions
5655. What two crustal features occur near
C. Earthquakes every subduction zone?
D. None of the above

5650. A wave with a frequency of 20 Hz trav-


els at a speed of 340 m/s. What is the
wavelength of the wave?
A. 68 m
B. 17 m
C. 340 m
A. Volcanoes and Trenches
D. 6.8 m
B. Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges
5651. What answer choice best describes an C. Volcanoes and Rift Valleys
oil cleanup method that acts like a fence
D. Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches
to prevent oil from spreading?
A. Using Oil Blooms 5656. What is an undersea lab?
B. Using Skimmers A. a dog that likes water
C. Using Sorbents B. the bottom of the ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 613

C. a place scientists can live underwater D. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean floor
to study the ocean drops down an incline

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D. a hotel that anyone can stay at 5662. Small insects can walk across the sur-
face of calm water. Their feet push the
5657. The marine ecosystem providing the
surface of the water down slightly, some-
most habitat and with the MOST diversity
what like a person walking across a tram-
is
poline, but they do not break the surface.
A. sandy beach What is the best explanation for why this
B. rocky shore happens?
C. coral reef
D. kelp forest

5658. The continental shelf is


A. deepest area in the sea.
B. underwater land along the edge of the A. The insects are light enough so that
continents. they do not break the hydrogen bonds
holding the water molecules together
5659. Choose the answer choice that does
NOT describe the chemical reaction(s) that B. The insects actually use their wings to
form the ozone molecule. hover slightly above the water’s surface
and they only skim it with their feet
A. the first step is decomposition reac-
tion where diatomic oxygen gas molecule C. The insects’ feet are non-polar, so they
(O2) being broken apart are repelled by the polar water molecules
and are pushed away from the water’s
B. UV radiation is the catalyst for the first surface
decomposition reaction
D. The insects are small enough to see
C. A multistep process where the overall the individual water molecules, so they
reaction is 2O3 → 3O2 are able to step carefully from one
D. the second step consists of an oxygen molecule to the next
atom undergoing a binding collision in a 5663. A glacial valley drowned by a rising sea
synthesis reaction level is
5660. Ocean water has only chemical proper- A. a fjord
ties B. an estuary
A. True C. tombolo
B. False D. headland
5661. What is a trench? 5664. Which process increases the salinity of
ocean water?
A. Gently sloping, shallow area
A. the Coriolis effect
B. A deep, steep-sided canyon at a sub-
duction zone B. convection currents
C. A smooth and flat area on the ocean C. evaporation
floor D. continental deflection

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 614

5665. What is the only substance with a neu- C. trench and mid-ocean ridge
tral pH of 7? D. rift zone and mid-ocean ridge
A. Milk
5671. What is the name of this tool?
B. Orange Juice
C. Water
D. Blood

5666. This term is used for plants that can tol-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
erate salty conditions
A. Thermophyte
B. Acidophyte
A. Secchi Disk
C. Halophyte
B. Hydrophone
D. Saltophyte
C. Bottom Grab Sampler
5667. The term for the role an organism has in
D. Hydrometer
the community.
A. niche 5672. What happens to the density of seawa-
ter when the temperature increases? (as-
B. habitat
suming the salinity stays the same)
C. tolerances
A. Stays the same
D. competition
B. Increases
5668. How tall a wave is-measured crest to C. Decreases
trough
D. none of above
A. Wavelength
B. Crest 5673. T2-This is the zone between high-tide
and low-tide (literally means between
C. Trough tides)
D. Wave height (amplitude) A. Twilight Zone
5669. are formed on the sea floor when B. Neritic Zone
one crustal plate is shoved under another
C. Open-ocean Zone
crustal plate.
D. Intertidal Zone
A. continental shelves
B. trenches 5674. How does the Gulf Stream affect the cli-
mate of coastal regions along the eastern
C. mid ocean ridges
United States?
D. abyssal plains
A. It is a warm current so it creates
5670. Which pair of features of the ocean floor warmer climates along the eastern coast.
form as two tectonic plates pull away from B. It is a cold current so it creates cooler
each other? climates along the coast.
A. trench and abyssal plain C. The Coriolis effect causes it to curve
B. trench and abyssal plain before it can affect the coast’s climate.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 615

D. Because it is a deep durrent, it is too 5679. What is the percentage of Volcanic ac-
dense to come to the surface and have an tivities on oceans?
effect on the coast’s climate.

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A. 99%
5675. Select the world’s THREE largest B. 89%
oceans: C. 90%
A. Indian Ocean D. None of these
B. Arctic Ocean 5680. The lowest part of a wave is
C. Pacific Ocean A. swell
D. Atlantic Ocean B. crest
E. Southern Ocean C. wavelength
5676. To which group of mollusks this clam be- D. trough
long? 5681. What are Tectonic Plates?

A. A continent
A. Gastropods B. The Trees in Vietnam
B. Cephalopods C. ThE PlaTES That MoVE uNdERGRound:)
C. Bivalves D. The Plates that move the Continents
D. Arthropods 5682. Marine species and freshwater species
of fish process salt and water differently
5677. A gyre is a current in the ocean.
in their bodies. This is called
(choose 3 answers)
A. halocline
A. Circular
B. thermoregulation
B. Whirl
C. osmoregulation
C. Square
D. expression
D. Spiral
5683. What characteristic do all renewable re-
5678. Which tidal cycle has two high tides not sources share?
at the same level and two low tides not at
A. Produced by waste products
the same level?
B. Form underground from dead organ-
A. Semidiurnal tidal cycle
isms.
B. Mixed tidal cycle
C. Replaced in a short period of time
C. Diurnal tidal cycle D. Allow energy to pass through them
D. none of above easily

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 616

5684. Research suggests that living among D. Continental Shelf


the Great Barrier Reef’ are more than
species of fish, among other organisms. 5688. What is a warm water current that
flows from the Tropics to the North At-
A. 100 lantic ocean creating a warm climate?
B. 500 A. Deep ocean current
C. 1500 B. Surface ocean current
D. 10000 C. Gulf Stream

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5685. Which are the 3 major watersheds in D. Continental deflection
VA?
5689. Life at the hadropelagic zone is possible
A. Chesapeake Bay, NC Sounds, Gulf of
because of
Mexico/Mississippi River
A. invertebrates like crabs
B. James River, Chesapeake Bay, SC
Sounds B. chemoautotrophs
C. NC Sounds, Gulf of Mexico, James C. heterotrophs
River D. photoautotrophs
D. Mississippi River, James River, Not-
5690. What are coral reefs?
toway River
A. rock
5686. After the rain falls down onto Earth’s
B. deposits of bones of dead fish
surface, what most likely happens? What
is it called? C. plants
D. outside skeletons of tiny, soft-bodied
animals

5691. Salinity is usually expressed as?


A. Parts per thousand
B. ppt
C. o/yes
A. 1. The remains of the water is soaked D. All of the above
into the ground.2.Groundwater
5692. These ocean motions are caused by
B. 1. Groundwater2. The remains of the
winds
water is soaked into the ground.
C. 1. Groundwater2. Transpiration hap- A. tides and waves
pens to the plants. B. surface currents and waves
D. 1. The liquid turns into an gas or an C. surface and deep water currents
water vapor2. Evaporation D. tides and tsnamis
5687. A mountain range under the ocean 5693. What are tides?
A. Mid Ocean Ridge A. More water filling up the ocean
B. Seamounts B. The rising and falling of the water on
C. Submarine Canyons the earth surface

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 617

C. Jupiter orbiting the moon B. Twilight zone


D. Waves in the oceans C. Midnight zone

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5694. Plankton that do photosynthesis and D. Deep zone
are made of glass
5699. What is the name of the ocean circula-
A. diatoms tion that travels the globe based on the
B. radiolarians varying densities in the waters?

5695. An underwater “avalanche” of rapidly A. Global haline circulation


moving, sediment laden water, usually B. Thermohaline Circulation
triggered by earthquakes or slumping
C. Halopycno circulation
A. turbidity current
D. Thermopycno circulation
B. earthquake
C. Pacific Current 5700. Movement of ocean water that follows
a regular pattern.
D. turbidite
A. Tides
5696. Which of the following is NOT a source
of pollution in the ocean? B. Ocean Currents

A. Nitrogen and phosphorus from fertiliz- C. Gulf Stream


ers used on land. D. waves
B. Oils found on city streets.
5701. What is the steep slope at the edge of
C. Sand drifting along the bottom of the the continental shelf?
ocean floor.
D. Emissions from gas-burning vehicles.

5697. Here in Illinois, our weather patterns


are affected by:
A. doldrums
B. trade winds
C. easterlies
A. seamount
D. westerlies
B. mid-ocean ridge
5698. MOST sealife lives in the: C. continental slope
D. rift zone

5702. Which is the largest ocean basin?


A. Pacific
B. Atlantic
C. Indian
A. Photic zone D. Arctic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 618

5703. Which layer of the Earth is composed of 5707. How many tides do we have in 24
a liquid? hours?
A. lithosphere
B. asthenosphere
C. mesosphere
D. Outer core

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5704. What do diagonal lines on a synoptic
chart indicate? A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

5708. What happens to wave energy at head-


lands?
A. It disperses
B. It concentrates
A. a weather system that brings fine con- C. It diffuses
ditions with little likelihood of rain D. It accumulates
B. rain has fallen in the previous 24 hours
5709. Name the ocean labeled 5?
C. a weather system that moves in a east
to west direction across Australia
D. a weather system that brings exten-
sive rain
E. a weather system that brings cooler
conditions, winds change from a northerly
and southerly direction
A. Pacific Ocean
5705. Salinity is HIGHER/LOWER where
B. Atlantic Ocean
there is more evaporation.
C. Indian Ocean
A. higher
D. Southern Ocean
B. lower
5710. Which of these cities is in the Chesa-
5706. is when two or more ocean currents peake Bay watershed?
connect at the surface.
A. deep
B. surface
C. divergent
D. convergent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 619

A. Charlottesville 5715. The Fall Line was created as a result of


B. Blacksburg

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C. Danville
D. Roanoke
5711. Which of the following is a major fac-
tor affecting the temperature of ocean wa-
ters?
A. Depth of the water A. an impact from a meteor
B. Proximity to the equator B. melting glaciers
C. Both depth and proximity to the equa- C. rising sea levels
tor
D. water flowing down hill
D. Neither depth nor proximity to the
equator 5716. Robert Ballard is most famous for

5712. What causes coral bleaching?

A. oil spills
B. warmer water temperatures
C. overfishing
D. red tide A. Inventing SCUBA
5713. Which type of tide is characterized by a B. Discovering the Titanic
large difference between water levels at C. Leading the British Challenger expedi-
high & low tide? (HINT:Highest high tide tion
& lowest low tide)
D. His Azoic theory
A. spring tide
B. high tide 5717. Backwash carries particles

C. low tide
D. neap tide
5714. In your fish tank ammonia is converted
into then into
A. nitrite; nitrate
B. nitrogen; ammonia
C. nitrate; nitrite A. On shore
D. fish flakes; bacteria B. Offshore

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 620

5718. What 2 things causes the tides? D. troposphere, stratosphere, meso-


A. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun sphere, exosphere, thermosphere
B. the location of the moon and the sun 5723. The European “Age of Discovery” began
relative to the earth with
C. the sun going down at night A. Christopher Columbus’ discovery of
D. the water rising up at night causing the the “New World”
water to get chilly B. Viking voyages to North America

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5719. Long, narrow, deep depressions in the C. Polynesian colonization of Pacific Is-
ocean floor with steep sides caused by lands
the subduction of a converging ocean plate; D. Phoenician exploration of the Mediter-
the deepest places on Earth ranean
A. trenches
5724. Most of the ocean floor is
B. continental slope
C. submarine canyons
D. shelf break
5720. Where have scientists found evidence of
Earth’s magnetic field reversals?
A. Subduction zones
B. Continental-continental collisions
C. Spreading centers
D. Himalayan mountains
5721. If an ocean current from the arctic met
an ocean current from the equator
A. abyssal plain
A. the arctic current would sink beneath
B. trench
the equatorial current.
C. continental shelf
B. the arctic current would rise above the
equatorial current. D. seamounts
C. both currents would come to a stop. 5725. What continent do we live on?
D. Not enough information.
5722. Which of the following is the correct or-
der of the atmosphere layers from Earth
to space?
A. troposphere, stratosphere, meso-
sphere, thermosphere, exosphere
B. troposphere, mesosphere, thermo-
sphere, exosphere, stratosphere
C. thermosphere, stratosphere, meso-
sphere, troposphere, exosphere A. North America

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 621

B. South America 5732. What major city does the Potomac River
C. New Jersey run through?

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D. USA A. Alexandria

5726. How does the sea make sand? B. Fredericksburg


A. gets it from the rain C. Yorktown
B. waves break sediment into tiny pieces D. Richmond
5727. It is perfectly safe to drink ocean water.
It hydrates a person really well. 5733. The diagram above illustrates that two
types of currents are found in ocean wa-
A. True ters. Which of the following is the best
B. False explanation for why oceans have two dif-
ferent types of currents?
5728. Cold ocean currents generally come from
A. The North Pole
B. The South Pole
C. The Equator
D. Both North and South Poles
5729. What people established early settle-
ments in Greenland?
A. Polynesian
B. Europeans A. Surface currents are caused by global
wind whereas deep currents are caused
C. Vikings by differences in density.
D. Celtics
B. Surface currents are caused by differ-
5730. Which of the following that are sources ences in density whereas deep currents
of salt in the oceans. are caused by global wind.
A. volcanic activity in the oceans C. Surface currents are caused by tem-
B. erosion of land areas by rivers and perature differences whereas deep cur-
glaciers rents are caused by changes in salinity.
C. wave action along shores D. Surface currents are caused by
D. All of the above changes in salinity whereas deep currents
are caused by changes in temperature.
5731. Why doesn’t seawater boil in hy-
drothermal vents? 5734. a water layer with great temperature
A. the plates do not move fast enough changes
B. there is too much salt in the water A. Thermocline
C. due to the extreme pressure of the B. Wave
deep ocean.
C. Salinity
D. there are not enough chemicals to help
it get hot D. Trough

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 622

5735. How did sailors determine their latitude 5739. The evaporation of water from plant
before the introduction of GPS? leaves is known as
A. collection
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. transpiration

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Measuring the exact time of sunset
5740. What does the deep ocean basin consist
and sunrise
of?
B. Using time difference between them
and the prime meridian A. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift
valleys, trenches and seamounts
C. Using angle of elevation of the stars
and/or the sun B. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift
valleys, trenches and the continental
D. Measuring their distance from the shelf.
north pole
C. Continental shelf and the continental
5736. Identify the area highlighted in red on slope.
the barrier island profile
D. Abyssal plain, seamounts, continental
shelf and continental slope.

5741. When an oceanic plate and a continental


plate collide, which one will subduct?
A. Beach A. oceanic
B. Dune B. continental
C. Meadow C. neither
D. Maritime Forest D. none of above
E. Marsh
5742. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is between
5737. A steep temperature gradient in a body which two plates?
of water marked by a layer above and be-
A. Eurasian and South American
low which is at different temperatures.
A. Thermocline B. Pacific and Atlantic

B. Ocean Temperature Rising C. African and North American


C. Continental Rise D. Eurasian and North American
D. Thermalne 5743. What does the moon pull at high tide?
5738. This is a body of stored groundwater. A. the moon pulls water out toward it.
A. aquifer B. the moon pulls water inward
B. lake C. the water is pulled in the same direc-
C. water silo tion
D. artesian well D. it does not pull any water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 623

5744. The thermocline does not exist in 5749. is a period of very little apparent
A. polar regions water movement.

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B. tropical regions A. high tide

C. temperate regions B. low tide

D. none of above C. slack tide


D. tidal bore
5745. The pycnocline is the name for the zone
where changes rapidly with a corre- 5750. In the energy pyramid here, how much
sponding change in depth. of the energy in each level gets lost as heat
or used by the organism for survival?
A. Salinity
B. Temperature
C. Density
D. Visibility

5746. Identify the area highlighted in red on


the barrier island profile

A. 80%
B. 90%
C. 10%
A. Beach
D. 20%
B. Dune
C. Meadow 5751. What is an archipelago?
D. Maritime Forest A. a curved mountain range
E. Marsh B. an underwater cave
C. a chain of islands
5747. If the first low tide of the day occurs at
5am, when will the next low tide occur? D. a peninsula

A. 11am 5752. causes the Coriolis Effect


B. Go ahead
C. 11pm
D. 12 am

5748. Plate tectonics and evolution, which are


held with a high degree of confidence be-
cause of rigorous testing and verification,
are examples of
A. theories A. Earth’s rotation
B. laws B. gravity
C. observations C. wind
D. hypotheses D. density

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 624

5753. Which organism is an example of a ben- C. salinity and size of a wave


thos? D. size and speed of a wave
A. jellyfish
5758. What factors affect the circulation of
B. seal ocean surface water?
C. shark A. wind
D. starfish B. Coriolis force
5754. This is the deepest trench in the ocean? C. continent edge

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mariana Trench D. All correct.
B. Deep Abyssal Trench 5759. A world-wide radio navigation system
C. Everest Trench that utilizes satellites to triangulate a spe-
cific location on Earth.
D. Russian Trench
A. Echo Sounding
5755. What process causes new oceanic crust? B. Current Meter
A. Continental drift C. GPS
B. Sea floor spreading D. Hydrophone
C. Earthquakes E. Secchi Disk
D. Radiation 5760. Heavy evaporation and low precipita-
5756. Warm water is dense and than tion will the salinity of ocean water.
cold water A. increase
B. decrease
C. have no effect on
D. warm
5761. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the
largest accumulation of ocean plastic in the
world. What is its location?
A. It is located roughly between 35◦ N to
42◦ N and 135◦ W to 155◦ W
B. It is located roughly between 35◦ S to
42◦ S and 135◦ W to 155◦ W
C. It is located roughly between 35◦ N to
A. More, Heavier 42◦ N and 10◦ W to 30◦ W
B. Less, Heavier D. It is located roughly between 05◦ N to
12◦ N and 135◦ E to 155◦ E
C. Less, Lighter
D. More, Lighter 5762. What oceanographers study does not
help us, because we do not live in the
5757. What effects density of ocean water? ocean
A. salinity and temperature A. true
B. temperature and speed of a wave B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 625

5763. This type of circulation drives the global 5768. An area where fresh water from
conveyor belt. streams and rivers spills into the ocean is
called an

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A. Thermohaline
B. Eddys
C. Gyres
D. Tides

5764. Upwelling occurs in the waters off the A. plankton


coast of continents in the tropics. B. estuary
A. West C. sargassum
B. North D. coral reefs
C. East 5769. I’m serious, I’m serious
D. South A. what sea
B. asshiappppp
5765. Winds that blow over the ocean are
transferring to the water on Earth’s C. boongan
surface. D. Hehe, you’re serious
A. tides 5770. How can you BEST describe the continen-
B. currents tal shelf?
C. gravity A. The continental shelf is very deep.
D. energy B. The continental shelf is the same width
around the edges of the continents.
5766. The oldest rocks on Earth’s surface are C. The continental shelf is the part of the
found continent located above the water.
A. at mid ocean ridges D. The continental shelf is an extension of
B. on continental shelves the continent under the ocean water.

C. in the center of continents 5771. What is the horizontal distance be-


tween the crests of two adjacent waves?
D. Earth Science Class
A. Wave height
5767. This image is depicting B. Wavelength
C. Tidal range
D. Tidal cycle
5772. Which Ocean is the smallest with a
lower salinity?
A. wavelength A. Atlantic
B. frequency B. Southern
C. amplitude C. Arctic
D. wave speed D. Indian

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 626

5773. Which zone has the warmest water tem- 5776. If low tide occurs at 9:00 PM, when
perature? would the next low tide occur?
A. 9:00 AM
B. 9:25 AM
C. 9:00 PM
D. 9:25 PM

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5777. The curving of moving objects from a
A. sunlight (epipelagic zone) straight path because of the earth’s rota-
tion is called
B. twilight (mesopelagic)
A. the boy
C. midnight (bathypelagic)
B. the girl
D. none of above
C. Coriolis effect
5774. Which question were the scientists try-
D. upwelling
ing to answer with this experiment?
5778. A long chain of mountains that runs
down the middle of the ocean is called:
A. deep ocean trench
B. seamount
C. mid ocean ridge
D. volcano chain

5779. Scientists use underwater tools to


A. catch fish
A. Where do cells come from? B. take pictures
B. How did prokaryotes form cell mem- C. play music
branes? D. ride bikes
C. How are biomolecules formed?
5780. What 3 ways make a living shoreline
D. What gave rise to the Eukaryotic cell? very important?
5775. The studies of oceans start/ with A. Industrial development, pollution con-
early civilizations. trol, and urbanization
A. gather B. Deforestation, agricultural expansion,
and mining
B. begin
C. Invasive species introduction, land
C. send
reclamation, and overfishing
D. prepare
D. Ecological benefits, coastal protection,
E. learn and habitat creation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 627

5781. A divergent boundary in the ocean cre- 5785. The thermohaline circulation is driven by
ates what feature? differences in

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A. Mid Ocean Ridge A. density
B. Rift Valley B. temperature
C. Deep Ocean Trench C. salinity
D. Subduction Zone D. pressure
5782. What is does SONAR stand for? 5786. As the salinity of seawater increases,
A. Sound Navigation and Ranging its
B. Seafloor Orienting Navigating Aqua A. density increases
Range
B. residence time increases
C. Sound Near A Resovior
C. density decreases
D. none of above
D. residence time decreases
5783. Idealized pressure belts and wind sys-
tems are significantly modified by Earth’s 5787. All of the living and nonliving things in
tilted axis of rotation and an area that interact with each other are
called a/an
A. differences in the heat capacities of
the ocean and land
B. differences in the latitudinal albedo
C. latitudinal variations in the Coriolis ef-
fect
D. variations in incoming solar radiation
over many years A. community
5784. Who is the Greek mathematician who B. habitat
calculated the Earth’s circumference and in- C. population
vented the first latitude and longitude sys-
D. ecosystem
tem?
5788. Sediments produced by plants and ani-
mals in the sea are called
A. biogenous
B. hydrogenous
C. cosmogenous
D. none of above

5789. Spring tides occur on:


A. Pytheas A. quarter moons
B. Eratosthenes B. Full moons
C. Hipparchus C. New moons
D. Euclid D. New and Full Moons

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 628

5790. What is the cause of ocean acidification C. land and sea breezes blowing in the
A. The huge amounts of carbon dioxide in same directions
the atmosphere. D. land and sea breezes blowing in the op-
B. The huge amounts of oxygen in the at- posite directions
mosphere.
5795. How much of Earth’s water is fresh wa-
5791. The anemone fish live in the anemone. ter?
The anemone protects the fish and the fish

NARAYAN CHANGDER
drops food scraps that the anemone can A. 97%
eat. What kind of symbiosis is this? B. 22%
C. 3%
D. 1%

5796. According to geoscientists, what are


the two competing theories regarding the
A. Parasitism source of Earth’s water?
B. Mutualism A. Water was always present in the man-
C. Predation tle and released through volcanoes
D. Competition B. Water was brought by comets during
the formation of the solar system
5792. are often found in warm tropical ar-
eas. They have a variety of trees and sea C. Water was formed through the con-
life. They are swampy and absorb a lot of densation of gases in the early Earth’s at-
moisture from storms and high tides. mosphere
A. Salt Marshes D. Water originated from the collision of
B. Mud Flats asteroids with Earth’s surface
C. Mangroves
5797. a cover that does not allow water to
D. Tide Pools penetrate the soil
5793. What important contribution to ocean A. hydrogen bond
exploration did the Greeks make?
B. deep currents
A. first magnetic compass
C. impervious cover
B. first open-ocean exploration
D. nonpolar molecule
C. predict the tides based on the moon
D. discovered North America 5798. Which of the following is not a nekton?
5794. Land temperature changing more quickly A. Fish
than the sea temperature is the cause of
B. Whale

A. the oceans tides C. Turtle


B. the oceans currents D. Crab

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 629

5799. When does the maximum and minimum 5803. TRUE of FALSE Water is called the “uni-
sea ice extent occur in relation to the sum- versal solvent” because it is capable of
mer and winter solstices? dissolving more substances than any other

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A. The maximum sea ice extent occurs in liquid.
colder months while minimum sea ice ex-
tent occurs in warmer months.
B. The maximum sea ice extent occurs in
warmer months while minimum sea ice ex-
tent occurs in colder months.

5800. Does the land or the sea heat up faster


in the diagram? A. True
B. False

5804. salinity is reduced along the north-


eastern coasts of North America. Why?
A. due to cool Labrador current
B. due to warm Gulf Stream current
C. due to more precipitation
A. Land
D. due to ice formation
B. Sea
5805. What are the two primary sources for
5801. Which of the following statements are salinity in the ocean?
true? A. Chemical weathering of rocks & vol-
A. Saltwater is more dense that freshwa- canic eruptions on the ocean floor
ter B. Earthquakes & landslides
B. Freshwater is more dense than saltwa- C. Fish overpopulation & drought
ter
D. none of above
C. Freshwater and saltwater have equal
densities. 5806. Boundary is a fault zone where 2 plates
slide past each other horizontally
D. none of above
A. transform
5802. Which of the following statements is B. divergent
FALSE?
C. convergent
A. Oceans help regulate temperatures by
D. none of above
absorbing heat
B. The ocean is one continuous body of 5807. The flood current is
water A. two equal high and low tides daily
C. 97% of all water on earth is freshwa- B. point in time when tide current
ter changes direction
D. The hydrosphere represents all water C. water moving into a harbor due to in-
on the earth’s surface coming tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 630

D. water moving out of the harbor due to


an outgoing tide

5808. shore bottom that is splashed by water


but not submerged
A. In the bathyal zone
B. continental shelf

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. supralittoral zone
D. tidal zone

5809. Describe the characteristics of deep


ocean water.
A. Low temperature and low amount of
light, high salinity and high pressure A.

B. Low temperature and low salinity, high


pressure and high amount of light
C. Low pressure and low amount of light, B.
high temperature and high salinity
D. Low salinity and low amount of light,
high temperature and high pressure
C.
5810. What types of hydrothermal vents are
found along mid-ocean ridges?
D. none of above
A. White smokers
5813. What is the name for the structures that
B. Black smokers protect mainland beaches from erosion by
C. Grey smokers waves and storms?
D. None of the above A. barrier islands
B. rift zones
5811. The longest mountain system on earth
C. rip tides
is called , and is below sea level.
D. inlets
A. Himalayas.
5814. Why is clean water important?
B. Rocky Mountains.
A. All life on Earth depends on clean wa-
C. Alps. ter to live and grow.
D. Mid-Oceanic Ridge. B. We need clean water for recreational
activities.
5812. The San Andreas Fault in California
shown here is an example of a transform C. We need bodies of water for trans-
boundary. Which of the following images portation
shows the direction the plates moved to D. We need water to regulate the temper-
cause the formation. ature on Earth.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 631

5815. Collapsing waves B. wavelength


A. breakers C. crest

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. crests D. trough
5816. Which of the following is NOT one of the 5821. The Coriolis effect causes
three major regions of the ocean floor?
A. the Earth to rotate on its axis
A. continental margins
B. continental deflection
B. ocean basin floor
C. global winds and surface currents to
C. coastal plain move in a curved path instead of a straight
D. mid-ocean ridges line
D. global winds and deep ocean currents
5817. Type’s clouds hang low in the sky as a
to move in a curved path instead of a
flat, featureless, uniform layer of greyish
straight line.
cloud. They resemble fog that hugs the
horizon (instead of the ground). 5822. Who utilized geometry and angles to
A. Cumulus very accurately calculate the circumference
of the Earth in 240 B.C.?
B. Stratus
A. Cosmas
C. Stratocumulus
B. Eratosthenes
D. Altocumulus
C. Poseidon
5818. Strong, long duration winds in a large
D. Ptolemy
fetch produce
A. the largest waves 5823. The transmission of energy by two ob-
B. the smallest waves jects touching is called

C. no waves A. conduction

D. none of above B. convection


C. contraction
5819. This variable in an experiment is the one
being changed by the scientist. D. radiation

A. dependent variable 5824. Who was known for having strong and
B. independent variable fast ships?
C. data A. Portuguese
D. control group B. Chinese
C. Vikings
5820. What is represented at point 4?
D. British

5825. The coast along which a cold water cur-


rent flows records more fog, but less pre-
cipitation. Why?
A. due to reduced evaporation
A. wave height B. due to more condensation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 632

C. due to absence of mountain barriers B. aesthenosphere


D. due to temperature reduction of
C. lithosphere
moisture-laden wind
D. none of above
5826. The water of a marsh can be
A. fresh
5831. Why do most corals need to live in shal-
B. brackish
low water?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. saline
D. all of the above

5827. What causes surface waves in the


ocean?

A. They need the higher carbon dioxide


A. the wind
levels
B. the moons gravity
C. the seafloor topography B. There are more nutrients near the sur-
face
D. density differences
C. So the algae can get sunlight for pho-
5828. The measure of the mass of the dis- tosynthesis
solved solids in a mass of water is known
as: D. To provide habitats for fish
A. Density
B. Salinity 5832. You have arrived at a coast rough
C. Salt Water with sea stacks, cliffs, and small pocket
beaches. Your friend asks you to classify
D. Photosynthesis it. You correctly answer that it is a
5829. Wave energy converges (comes to-
A. primary coast.
gether)
A. in sheltered bays and beaches B. secondary coast.
B. on headlands and cliffs C. eustatic coast.
C. on islands
D. remnant coast.
D. out to sea away from from coastlines

5830. Tectonic plates are made of both crust 5833. Scientist created the first world atlas
and upper mantle that is also called the but incorrectly calculated the earth’s cir-
A. core cumference

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 633

C. evaporation
D. none of above

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


5838. Water travels in definite paths around
the ocean called

A. Eratosthenes
A. Highways
B. Aristotle
B. Currents
C. Ptolemy
C. Rivers
D. Plato
D. Streams
5834. What is the average salinity of seawa-
ter? 5839. Look the picture and select the correct
answer.
A. 1%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 3.5%

5835. Glomar Challenger vessel that col-


lected oceanfloor samples used to prove
seafloor spreading andplate tectonics.
A. swimming A. THIS IS A TURTLE.
B. drilling B. THESE ARE TURTLES.
C. rowing C. THESE IS A TURTLES.
D. flying D. THESE ARE A TURTLE.
5836. Put into Scientific Notation:5, 093, 000
5840. What are oceanographers?
A. 50.93 x 105
A. outstanding swimmers
B. 5.93 x 105
B. scientists that study different kinds of
C. 5.93 x 106 fish
D. 50.93 x 106 C. scientists that live at sea
5837. Through evaporation, the ocean pro- D. scientists that study oceans
vides most of the water that makes up
Earth’s 5841. What is oceanography
A. precipitation A. Animals in ocean
B. condensation B. Water safety

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 634

C. the branch of science that deals with 5846. Which ecosystem is this?:Generally lo-
the physical and biological properties and cated in shallow, tropical waters; very
phenomena of the sea. high species diversity; most species rely
in some way on the polyp-like keystone
D. none of above
species
5842. Which of the following phenomena ex- A. Estuary
plain why each layer of water beneath B. Open ocean
the surface moves in different directions

NARAYAN CHANGDER
& speeds than water at sea level? C. Wetlands
D. Coral reefs
A. Downwelling
B. Ekman Transport 5847. Correct reaction for photosynthesis.
C. Thermocline A. CO2 + H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 +
O2
D. Upwelling
B. O2 + H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 +
5843. How do salinity and temperature affect CO2
the density of ocean water? 5848. The largest ocean in the world is the
A. salinity increase = density increase, A. Atlantic
temp decrease = density increase
B. Pacific
B. salinity decrease = density increase,
C. Indian
temp. decrease = density decrease
D. Arctic
C. salinity increase = density increase,
temp increase = density increase E. Southern

D. salinity decrease = density increase, 5849. The deep zone makes up about %
temp increase = density increase of the ocean’s volume.
A. 10
5844. Steep beach slopes have sediment.
B. 18
A. fine
C. 76
B. coarse
D. 80
C. uniform
5850. what is a tidal range?
D. pebble
A. difference in height between high tide
5845. Identify the Plankton:A group of and low tide.
amoeba-like animals with a calcareous B. The range of the number of tides.
shell.
C. the difference in high and low.
A. Foraminifera
D. The tallest tide
B. Pteropods
5851. It is where freshwater mixes with the
C. Coccolithophores sea water.
D. Radiolarian A. Mesopelagic
E. Diatoms B. Estuary

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 635

C. River
D. Bathypelagic

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5852. Ocean salinity is usually expressed in

A. charts A. Current Needles


B. parts per thousand B. Alaska Current
C. parts per billion C. Antarctic Subpolar Current
D. chemical formulas D. Antilles Current

5853. Besides the compass, what else did 5858. Tides are caused by what force from the
the Chinese create that helped to advance sun and moon?
oceanography?
A. gravitational
A. Canoes
B. strong
B. Paddles
C. tidal force
C. Central Rudder
D. armed forces
D. Dual Sails
5859. Who doesn’t get energy from the zoo-
5854. The largest amount of water used in plankton?
households.
A. Cooking
B. Washing
C. Flushing the toilet
D. Brushing Teeth

5855. A behavior where an organism defends


its own area is: A. small fish
A. Terriotriality B. humpback whale
B. Zonation C. mackerel
C. Disruptive Coloration D. none of above
D. Color Contrast
5860. Choose the correct option
5856. The three types of plate moments
are:ConvergentDivergentTransform
A. True
B. False
A. Spring Tide
5857. Identify the current labelled O in the fig-
ure. B. Neap Tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 636

5861. Most reef building corals deposit a 5865. What percentage of Earth’s surface is
skeleton of: covered in water?
A. silica (”glass”). A. 97%
B. protein. B. 71%
C. calcium carbonate (limestone) C. 65%
D. a granite-like substance derived from D. 3%
sima.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5866. What covers 70% of the earth’s surface
5862. The Pacific Ocean is on the west side of A. Ocean
earth.
B. Rivers
A. True
C. Lakes
B. False
D. Ponds
5863. What is the boundary (Layer B) sepa-
5867. How did the discovery of alternating
rating the warmer surface water from the
magnetic stripes on the seafloor provide
colder deep ocean water?
evidence for seafloor spreading?
A. It proved that the seafloor was not
moving at all
B. It showed that new oceanic crust was
being formed at mid-ocean ridges and
spreading away from the ridge in both di-
rections.
C. It indicated that the seafloor was only
A. Pycnocline
spreading in one direction
B. Thermocline
D. It suggested that the magnetic stripes
C. Isocline were caused by a different phenomenon
D. Incline unrelated to seafloor spreading

5864. Wavelength= 2 mFrequency= 10 5868. What happens to a current when it


hzWhat is the wave speed? comes in contact with a continent or land-
mass?

A. 2 m/s
B. 20 m/s A. It continues over the continent
C. 10 m/s B. It stops
D. 1 m/s C. It changes direction
E. 4 m/s D. It is absorbed by the land

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 637

5869. As a wave approaches shore, it’s speed 5873. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di-
and wavelength rection of winds and currents.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. speed increases, wavelength in- A. Coriolis effect
creases B. Butterfly Effect
B. speed increases, wavelength de- C. Upwelling
creases
D. Windly gyres
C. speed decreases, wavelength in-
creases 5874. When animals go into a deep sleep dur-
D. speed decreases, wavelength de- ing the winter, they are using which be-
creases havioral adaptation?
A. Hibernation
5870. Which of the following organisms pro-
duce calcium carbonate shells (tests)? B. Mimicry
A. Coccolithophores and radiolarians C. Migration
B. Radiolarians and diatoms D. Camouflage
C. Coccolithophores and foraminifers 5875. What causes the tides?
D. Foraminiers and diatoms A. rotation of the Earth
5871. Who sailed from Europe around the tip B. The revolution of the Earth around the
of Africa to India and established a new sun
trade route? C. gravitational pull from the moon and
A. John Cabot sun
B. Ferdinand Magellan D. ocean currents
C. Juan Sebastian del Cano 5876. When soil washes into a river from a
D. Basque da Gama stream or from land, what is added to the
water?
5872. What letter best points out the location
A. dirt
where the spill volume was approximately
61, 000 gallons due to a Spanish oil tanker B. oxygen
catching fire in 1983? C. rocks
D. nutrients

5877. When is the Sun-Moon-Earth angle =


0◦ ?
A. Waxing Gibbous
B. New Moon
A. Letter A C. Quarter Moons
B. Letter B D. Full Moon
C. Letter C
5878. True or false:production of the first free
D. Letter D oxygen in the atmosphere caused organ-
E. Letter E isms living at that time to flourish

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 638

A. True
B. False

5879. The water that moves over the beach


through incoming waves is the
A. swash
B. backwash

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Nauplius
5880. What is the difference between a sea B. Veliger
and an ocean?
C. Get used to it
A. Size
D. Zooplankton
B. Depth
5885. How does the Coriolis effect affect
C. Temperature ocean currents?
D. Color A. It makes them appear to curve.

5881. Waves transfer energy from the B. It causes the to move clockwise.
source of the energy. C. It causes them to move counterclock-
wise.
A. towards
D. It causes them to move in circles.
B. away
5886. Why is water the universal solvent of
5882. Which of the following earth surfaces the world?
usually reflects the most incoming solar ra-
A. It is used to dissolve solvents in many
diation?
areas.
A. snow cover B. All over the world, people recognize
B. dark soil water’s importance.
C. green grass C. It is the reason that most of the people
on earth are alive.
D. lake water
D. It dissolves more things than any other
5883. What is chemosynthesis? liquid.

A. Where bacteria use light energy to 5887. True or False:Longshore currents can
make glucose. change direction
B. Where plants use light energy to make A. True:The go the direction of the prevail-
glucose ing winds
C. Where bacteria use chemical reac- B. True:They go the direction of the Ek-
tions to make glucose man Transport

D. none of above C. False:Longshore currents always go in


the same direction
5884. A larval form of crabs and other deca- D. False:Although this can vary from
pod crustaceans? beach to beach

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 639

5888. If you are caught in a rip, what is some- C. Both Clockwise & Counter Clockwise
thing you should NOT do?
D. none of above

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A. Swim against the rip
5893. Coral reefs need deep warm water to
B. Swim to the side
grow well
C. Stay calm
D. Signal for help

5889. What is the name of the ocean labeled


E on the map?

A. True
B. False

5894. Free-floating forms with little power of


locomotion
A. Atlantic A. Plankton
B. Pacific B. Nekton
C. Southern C. Benthos
D. Indian D. none of above
E. Arctic
5895. As salinity increases
5890. Mangrove forests can be considered to
be the tropical equivalent of salt marshes.
A. True
B. False

5891. When should you check Focus for your


current grade in Earth Space Science?
A. ‘I’ll get to it tomorrow’ A. Density increases
B. the week before fall break B. Density decreases
C. the week before winter break C. Freshwater increases
D. when Mr. Espinosa expresses disap- D. Oceans Currents Reverse
pointment in me
E. all the time from the beginning of each 5896. This ocean floor feature creates new
quarter mostly basaltic crust.
A. abyssal plains
5892. Surface Currents in the Northern Hemi-
sphere rotate B. volcanic islands
A. Clockwise C. sea arch
B. Counterclockwise D. mid oceanic ridges

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 640

5897. The wavelengths of light that penetrate 5902. What is a trench?


deepest into the ocean are: A. One of the lowest places in the ocean
A. red and violet. B. One of the coldest places in the ocean
B. red and yellow. C. The darkest places in the ocean
C. blue and brown. D. All of the answers are correct
D. green and blue.
5903. What stage of the water cycle forms
clouds?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5898. What causes Earthquakes?
A. Global warming A. Precipitation
B. Evaporation
B. Movement of tectonic plates
C. Condensation
C. Alien activity
D. Percolation
D. Angry spirits beneath the Earth’s sur-
face 5904. Which best describes the process of con-
vection?
5899. Which number identifies the continental
shelf? A. Convection is the primary way heat
travels through rays.
B. Convection is the primary way heat
travels through metals.
C. Convection is the primary way heat
travels through appliances.
A. 1
D. Convection is the primary way heat
B. 2 travels through liquids and gasses.
C. 3 5905. Which vocabulary term is used to iden-
D. 4 tify point A on the diagram?

5900. Stratification based on density is di-


vided into 3 parts, except
A. deep layer
B. mixed layer A. Amplitude
C. thermocline layer B. Crest
D. pycnocline layer C. Frequency
D. Trough
5901. In volume and quantity, most marine
sediments are associated with: 5906. What level of beaufort scale is Very
A. the edges of the deep trenches. high waves. Large patches of foam from
wave crests give the sea a white appear-
B. the deep sea floor away from the con-
ance. Considerable tumbling of waves
tinental slopes.
with heavy impact. Large amounts of air-
C. the continental slopes and rises. borne spray reduce visibility.
D. mid-ocean ridges. A. Strong Gale

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 641

B. Fresh Gale C. drifting buoys and floats


C. Whole Gale/Storm D. thermistors

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


D. Violent storm 5911. What zone is the deepest?
5907. Which of the following are PHYSICAL A. abyssal zone
properties of water? Check all that apply. B. sunlit zone
A. Color C. twilight zone
B. Density D. midnight zone
C. Turbidity
5912. The rotation of currents in the Northern
D. Temperature Hemisphere affects the
A. climates of landmasses.
B. number of storms that develop.

5913. During an El Niño event


A. the trade winds strengthen.
B. the central eastern Pacific ocean be-
comes cooler.
5908. Where is the old ocean floor being de- C. a strong equatorial countercurrent de-
stroyed? velops in the Pacific.
A. Trenches D. the Peru Current strengthens.
B. Mid-Ocean ridge
5914. The boundary at the bottom of the con-
C. Seamount tinental slope covered with sediment.
D. Continental shelf A. Continental Shelf
5909. According to your textbook, select the B. Continental Slope
best answer choice that best describes the C. Continental Rise
primary cause of costal wetland destruc-
D. Trench
tion.
A. the tendency for people to overfish 5915. What causes deep ocean currents?
B. the tendency for people to relocate A. differences in wind direction
coastal species inland B. differences in density
C. the tendency for people to live near the C. differences in wind speed
coast
D. differences in hemispheres
D. the tendency for the coast to degrade
naturally 5916. Water in ponds and lakes is

5910. What instrument is used to measure wa- A. moving


ter speed and direction? B. deep
A. current meters C. still
B. sampling bottles D. salty

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 642

5917. The bending of the wave front as waves 5923. Other than the hydrogen and oxygen
approach the shore. Caused by the bottom atoms themselves, the two most abundant
of the wave interacting with an uneven elements (ions) dissolved in seawater are
sea floor.
A. fluorine and iodine.
A. Wave refraction
B. bromine and boron.
B. Wave diffraction
C. sodium and chloride
C. Wave reflection
D. carbonate and sulfate.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
5924. Select all that apply to the reasons we
5918. Litosphere covered in class in why we use ROVs /
A. floats on top of water AUVs.
B. is solid rock A. To check the atmospheric rivers for
volumes of precipitation
C. has a grey color seafloor
B. Water quality research
D. is not an oceanic crust
C. Oil rig inspection
5919. True or false Density increases with in-
D. Shipwreck discovery, investigation
creasing salinity.
and research
A. True
E. Hydrothermal vent research and dis-
B. False covery
5920. Spring tides occur during what moon 5925. What is the main difference between a
phases? sea and an ocean?
A. Full and new A. Size
B. First and third quarter B. Salinity
C. Full and first quarter C. Location
D. New and third quarter
D. Depth
5921. The streams and small rivers that feed
5926. According to your textbook, select the
into a main river are called
best answer choice that best describes the
A. watersheds annual cost of pollution per citizen.
B. tributaries A. $100
C. divides B. $500
D. wetlands C. $1, 000
5922. What is the deepest layer of the ocean? D. $10, 000
A. Twilight Zone 5927. Marine organisms add ions into seawa-
B. Midnight Zone ter when building shells, bones, and teeth.
C. Trench A. true
D. Sunlight Zone B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 643

5928. A spring tide 5934. What kind of habitat is this estuary lo-
A. has very little difference between high cation?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


& low tides
B. has moderate high and low tides
C. has very high tides and very low tides
D. occurs at a blue moon

5929. What is true about sponges?


A. They have organs A. Mangrove Community
B. They have bilateral symmetry B. Mudflat Community
C. They have a true coelom C. Saltmarsh Community
D. They are animals D. none of above

5930. The average salinity of ocean water is 5935. Area located between high and low tide
boundaries:
A. 10 % A. Strandline

B. 2.5 % B. Intertidal zone

C. 5.5 % C. Supratidal zone


D. Subtidal zone
D. 3.5 %
5936. How do salinity and temperature affect
5931. What forms convection currents?
the density of ocean water?
A. Surface currents and deep currents A. salinity increase = density increase,
B. Temperature variations on the ocean’s temp decrease = density increase
surface B. salinity decrease = density increase,
C. The movement of whales in the ocean temp. decrease = density decrease
D. Heat from underwater volcanoes C. salinity increase = density increase,
temp increase = density increase
5932. What is the difference between levels
D. salinity decrease = density increase,
of ocean water at high and low tide?
temp increase = density increase
A. Tide
5937. Letter D is pointing to the
B. Tidal range
C. Spring tide
D. Neap tide

5933. What is density?


A. mass-per-unit volume A. continental slope
B. mass-per-unit area B. continental shelf
C. weight-per-unit mass C. trench
D. weight-per-unit volume D. mid-ocean ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 644

5938. Choose the correct option 5942. an inheritable structural or behavioral


modification.
A. adaptation
B. evolution
C. autotroph
D. hypertonic

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5943. Which of these characteristics will pro-
A. Arctic Ocean
duce the least dense water?
B. Atlantic Ocean
A. High salinity, high temperature
C. Indian Ocean
B. High salinity, low temperature
D. Pacific Ocean
C. Low salinity, high temperature
E. Southern Ocean
D. Low salinity, low temperature
5939. The map shows trade winds and west-
erlies in the Northern Hemisphere. What 5944. What is stewardship?
do the unlabeled arrows represent?
A. A person who looks after the passen-
gers on a ship, aircraft, or train and brings
them meals
B. Responsible use and protection of the
natural environment through conserva-
tion
C. A person employed to manage an-
other’s property
A. movement of heat D. A person whose responsibility it is to
B. movement of nutrients take care of something
C. movement of organisms
5945. One of the largest problems associated
D. movement of ocean water with Indian monsoons is
5940. These currents originate at the poles A. the spreading of disease
B. the addition of rain for crops
A. cold currents C. the storm surge created
B. warm currents
D. the decline of local fish population
5941. What do we use carbon dating for?
5946. Which is the largest Ocean
A. determining the absolute age of a rock
A. Pacific Ocean
B. determining the chemical composition
of a rock B. Atlantic Ocean
C. determining the type of rock C. Indian Ocean
D. determining the rock’s location D. None of the above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 645

5947. How deep can penguins dive? 5953. As Earth warms, the rate at which or-
A. Up to 530m ganic matter decomposes increases. As or-
ganic matter decomposes, carbon dioxide

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. Up to 330m is released and makes Earth warmer and
C. Up to 130m increases the rate at which organic mat-
D. Up to 30m ter decomposes.What is this is an example
of?
5948. The area of the ocean where there is no A. Uniformitarianism
light is known as the
B. Catastrophism
A. photic zone
C. Threshold effect
B. twilight zone
D. Feedback mechanism
C. disphotic zone
D. aphotic zone 5954. The morphological conditions of the
ocean floor which are affected by the pro-
5949. If the tide is coming in (rising), then it is cess of volcanism will form certain types
a of volcanoes. An underwater volcano with
A. high tide a flat top is called
B. low tide A. table mount
C. flood tide B. seamonut
D. ebb tide C. guyot
D. abyssal
5950. The Sargasso Sea is found in which
ocean? E. mid oceanic ridge
A. Atlantic Ocean 5955. An organism that breaks down dead
B. Arctic Ocean plant and animal material is called
C. Indian Ocean A. omnivore
D. Pacific Ocean B. decoposer
E. Southern Ocean C. herbivore
5951. What are gyres? D. none of above
A. Food 5956. Which prevailing winds influence the
B. Circular Ocean Currents Greenland Current?
C. Wheels A. Westerlies
D. none of above B. North East Tradewinds
C. The Polar Easterlies
5952. The scientific name for an organism is
made from the: D. none of above
A. class and family name 5957. Which processes increase the salinity of
B. genus and species name ocean water?
C. domain and kingdom name A. Precipitation and freezing
D. kingdom and phylum name B. Condensation and freezing

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 646

C. Evaporation and precipitation B. density differences in ocean


D. Evaporation and freezing C. earth’s rotational spin

5958. Which of these whales weighs the D. gravity of moon


most? 5961. Oceans naturally absorb (a) from the at-
A. Fin Whale mosphere. It then reacts with the water to
B. Minke Whale produce carbonic acid.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Cuvier’s Beaked Whale A. a carbon dioxide

D. Blue Whale B. methane


Explanation:Blue whales weigh up to 330, C. hydrogen sulfide
000 pounds! Fin whales weigh 80, 000 to D. Argon
160, 000 pounds, Minke whales weighs up
to 20, 000 pounds, and Cuvier’s beaked E. ozone
whale weigh 4, 000 to 6, 800 pounds. 5962. What type of tide occurs on the side of
The blue whale is the largest animal ever the Earth farthest from the Moon?
known to have lived on Earth. Blue whales
are listed as endangered, and are suscep- A. High tide
tible to vessel strikes and fisheries inter- B. Low tide
actions.
C. Spring tide
5959. Why can water have no net charge but D. Neap tide
have slight charges in different parts of
the molecule? 5963. What moon position would make a
NEAP tide?

A. A
B. B
A. The oxygen end is slightly negative and
the hydrogen end is slightly positive C. C

B. The hydrogen end is slightly negative D. none of the above


and the oxygen end is slightly positive 5964. sound waves to detect and determine
C. The hydrogen and oxygen ends change the location, size, and relative motion of
in polarity underwater objects
D. Because it is hydrophobic A. ocean floor topography

5960. The Coriolis Effect causes air and water B. sonar


to be moved/deflected by C. seamount
A. temperature differences in ocean D. continental slope

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 647

5965. Ocean water with a high salinity is 5969. Which air mass would bring warm and
wet air?
A. more dense and sinks

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A. Continental Polar
B. less dense and floats
B. Continental Tropical
C. more dense and floats
C. Maritime Polar
D. less dense and sinks
D. Maritime Tropical
5966. Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all exam-
5970. Density of water as temperature
ples of
?
A. increases/decreases
B. decreases/increases
C. decreases/decreases
D. increases/increases

5971. The size of a wave is NOT affected by


A. evaporation the
B. condensation A. length of time the wind blows across
C. accumulation the water

D. precipitation B. salinity of the water


C. strength of the wind
5967. Choose the correct option
D. distance the wind blows across the wa-
ter.

5972. The solid sea floor is the smallest


ecosystem on the face of the earth.
A. TRUE
A. Trough B. FALSE
B. Crest
5973. What type of tide would this arrange-
C. Wavelength ment of earth-moon-sun create?
D. Wave Height

5968. Which tide is shown in the image?

A. full moon tide


B. new moon tide
A. Spring tide C. neap tide
B. Neap tide D. spring tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 648

5974. Word used to characterize a body of wa- 5978. Canada has the longest coastline of any
ter that has oriented in layers defined by country.
density.
A. True
A. Elongated
B. False
B. Stratified
C. Quantified 5979. Why do the fisherman of Peru and South
D. Enumerated America not welcome a strong El Nino?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
5975. Which graph best shows the general re- A. El Nino poisons the fish
lationship between altitude and tempera- B. El Nino causes strong winds and cur-
ture in the troposphere? rents which move fish westward
C. El Nino bring cold water to the surface
A. which kills the base of the food chain
D. El Nino shuts off upwelling and nutri-
ents needed for the marine food chain do
not rise to the surface
B.

5980. When temperature decreases, the den-


sity of liquid water

C.

D.

5976. Meteorology is
A. Moisture falling from the atmosphere A. increases
as rain, snow, or hail
B. decreases
B. A force exerted onto a surface by the
weight of air molecules C. stays the same
C. The study of weather D. none of above
D. none of above
5981. How much of earth’s surface is covered
5977. Name the floor feature:connects the by oceans?
land continent to the ocean
A. More than 70%
A. Seamount
B. Less than 20%
B. Continental Rise
C. Continental Slope C. 50% exactly
D. Continental Shelf D. 23% exactly

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 649

5982. Which section represents the continen- C. James Cook


tal shelf? D. Leif Erikson

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5986. Plants and animals that live on the
ocean floor are called?
A. benthos
B. nekton
C. plankton
A. Section 3 D. diatoms
B. Section 1
5987. Which number identifies the ocean’s
C. Section 2 crust?
D. Section 4

5983. Vortices:
A. plural for vortex
B. strongest mixing agent in the ocean
A. 2
C. influence the ocean circulation and bi-
ology B. 3
D. a natural example are hurricanes and C. 4
tornadoes D. 5
E. all of the above
5988. Most ocean waves are caused by the
5984. Ocean floor is destroyed at bound- sun and gravity.
aries and created at boundaries.
A. True
A. destroyed at transform, created at di-
B. False
vergent
B. destroyed at convergent, created at 5989. What should you do if you think a
transform tsunami is coming?
C. destroyed at convergent, created at di- A. Go to higher ground
vergent
B. Go to the beach
D. destroyed at divergent, created at con-
C. Find a boat
vergent
D. Hide in your house
5985. was one of the most famous natural-
ists. For five years, he sailed on the H.M.S. 5990. What is the primary source of energy
Beagle. The mission of the H.M.S. Beagle that generates most ocean waves?
was to map coastlines, but it later led to
A. earthquakes
his theory of evolution and other contribu-
tions to marine science. B. wind
A. Charles Darwin C. asteriods falling in the ocean
B. Edward Forbes D. volcanic eruptions

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 650

5991. The data table provides information 5994. A density current is different then a sur-
about air and water conditions in a certain face current because (select all that apply)
location throughout the day. Which of the A. They occur only at the surface of the
following statements about waves is sup- ocean
ported by data in the table?
B. They are denser currents
C. They are not real and don’t exist
D. They are saltier and colder then sur-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
face currents
E. They exist deep down in the ocean
A. The warmer the water, the larger the 5995. Which of these is NOT a current in the
wave. North Atlantic Ocean?
B. Wave speed is influenced by wind di- A. Gulf Stream
rection.
B. Caribbean Stream
C. Colder air temperatures increase
C. Canary STream
wave height.
D. North Equatorial Stream
D. Wave height increases as wind speed
increases. 5996. What answer choice best describes the
term nonextractive resources?
5992. What is a partially enclosed body of wa-
A. are resources picked up off the seabed
ter that has a mixture of salt water from
without extracting them from the sedi-
the ocean and fresh water from rivers and
ments
streams?
B. resources that precipitate from seawa-
ter without any extraction necessary
C. resources obtained from the sea with-
out removing anything from the sea, such
as sea transport shipping and recreation
D. none of the answer choices listed

5997. 90% of ocean life lives in the


A. Estuary
A. abyssal zone
B. Watershed
B. euphotic zone
C. Tributary
C. In the bathyal zone
D. Bay D. none of above
5993. The names of the oceans are Southern, 5998. Temperature and salinity variations in
Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and ocean water cause:
A. Charleston Beach A. Mid-ocean ridges
B. Pacific B. Horizontal and vertical ocean currents
C. Myrtle Beach C. Refraction of ocean waves
D. the lake D. Ebb and flow of the tides

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 651

5999. What impacts the size of a wave? 6004. What is “E”


A. Fetch

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B. How it looks
C. Speed of the wind
D. Length of time the wind blows

6000. The organisms pictured here are classi-


fied as
A. Continental Rise
A. Nekton
B. Seamount
B. Plankton C. Trench
C. Pathos D. Volcanic Island
D. Benthos
6005. Which of the following celestial orienta-
tions of the Sun, Earth and Moon would
6001. Rainfall and river runoff cause the salin-
you expect to observe the largest tidal
ity to
ranges?
A. increase A. Earth at AphelionMoon at PerigeeNew
B. decrease Moon Phase
B. Earth at PerihelionMoon at Perigee-
6002. What is the wind direction at this sta- Quarter Moon Phase
tion model location?
C. Earth at PerihelionMoon at PerigeeFull
Moon Phase
D. Earth at PerihelionMoon at ApogeeGib-
bous Moon Phase

6006. How long was the report of scientific


data and findings collected by the Chal-
lenger?
A. northwest
B. northeast
C. southwest
D. southeast

6003. Holes, cracks, or crevices where seawa-


ter collects as the tide goes out.
A. tide pools
B. tide zones
C. tidal waves
D. tidal shore A. 10 volumes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 652

B. 25 volumes C. sea slug


C. 50 volumes D. scallop
D. 100 volumes
6012. These look like miniature volcanoes.
6007. About how much time passes between The black “smoke” that appears to come
one high tide and the next consecutive low from the top of them is actually hot water
tide? with lots of dissolved minerals flowing out
of them.
A. 6 hours

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. 12 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 2 days

6008. What is the amount of dissolved salts in


a liquid called?
A. buoyancy A. Seamounts
B. density B. Guyots
C. salinity C. Hydrothermal Vents
D. gravity D. Trenches
6009. The algae and microscopic organisms on 6013. Ocean currents are the continuous move-
the surface of lakes and ponds get their ment of ocean water around the planet.
food
A. True
A. by photosynthesis
B. False
B. by eating
C. through their gills 6014. Macroalgae/seaweeds can be best dif-
ferentiated from true plants because
D. through their stomata macroalgae/seaweeds:
6010. Suggest how upwelling impacts the for- A. Have no true roots, leaves, or stems
mation of cyclones.
B. Are mostly unicellular
A. Increases the chances of formation by
C. Are photosynthetic
bringing cold water up from the deep
D. Have no chlorophyll
B. Decreases the chances of formation by
bringing warm water up from the deep E. Are prokaryotic
C. Increases the chances of formation by 6015. What is the cool, rigid, outer layer of
bringing cold water up from the deep Earth that is comprised of continental and
D. Decreases the chances of formation by oceanic crusts and the uppermost mantle?
bringing cold water up from the deep A. Upper mantle
6011. Which mollusk only has one shell? B. Lithosphere
A. whelk snail C. Asthenosphere
B. giant clam D. Lower mantle

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 653

6016. The total amount of solid material dis- 6021. The marine organism in the image is us-
solved in water is ing which of the following adaptations as
a survival mechanism?

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A. salinity
B. density
C. mass
D. clarity
E. volume

6017. Carolina beaches have 2 high and 2 low A. camouflage


tides every day. If the beach at 12 pm B. countershading
(noon) and it is high tide, then what tide
will you see If you return about 6 hours C. disruptive coloration
later? D. overall size
A. high E. transparency
B. low 6022. The closer together the isobars,
C. none A. the stronger the winds.
D. spring B. the weaker the winds.
C. the more rain.
6018. What is an example of soft stabiliza-
D. the higher the temperature.
tion?
A. breakwater 6023. Seafloor spreading is the process by
which new oceanic is formed when
B. concrete seawalls magma is pushed up & cools.
C. dunes/ grass A. crust
D. oyster reefs B. mantel
C. lithosphere
6019. Large waves that occur due to a sudden
displacement of the seafloor, an underwa- D. trench
ter landslide, or seismic activity are called- 6024. When cooler, nutrient-rich water is cir-
A. tides. culated up from the bottom of the ocean.
B. upwelling. A. Density

C. breakers. B. Salinity
C. Upwelling
D. tsunamis.
D. Westerlies
6020. An underwater submarine
6025. Violet and blue reflect
A. Titanic A. long wavelengths
B. Deep Flight B. short wavelengths
C. NR-1 C. only visible light
D. Calypso D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 654

6026. Cold water moves up from the deep dur- D. flooding


ing
A. upwelling 6030. This type of technology is used to study
the shape and depth of the ocean floor:
B. downwelling
Explanation:Cold water moves up from the A. Animal telemetry
deep during upwelling. Upwelling is a B. Manned Submersibles
process where deep, cold water rises to
the surface, replacing warmer surface wa- C. Floats & Drifters

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter. This occurs due to wind and ocean D. Sonar
currents, which push the warmer water
away, allowing the colder water to rise. 6031. Extremely long offshore deposits of
In contrast, downwelling is when surface sand that are parallel to the coast are
water sinks to deeper depths, typically called what?
due to converging currents or increased
density. Therefore, the correct choice is A. Coral reefs
upwelling. B. Mangrove swamps
6027. What do scientists call plastics when C. Tidal flats
they break down into tiny pieces?
D. Barrier islands
A. Microtrash
B. Microplastics 6032. The side view of the ocean floor
C. Microparticles A. contour map
D. Macroplastics B. contour lines
6028. What does the red line represent? C. soundings
D. bathymetric profile

6033. If 10 waves pass a certain point every


5 seconds, what is the wave period or fre-
quency?
A. 5 Hertz
A. Warm water
B. 50 Hertz
B. Warm salty water
C. 2 Hertz
C. Cold water
D. Cold salty water D. 15 Hertz

6029. is a natural nutrient-enrichment pro- 6034. Which of the following features is char-
cess that can be accelerated when nu- acteristic of an emerging shoreline?
trients from fertilizers, detergents, or
A. Marine terrace
sewage are added.
A. fertilizer B. Drowned beach
B. Eutrophication C. Drowned river valley
C. runoff D. Submerged dune topography

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 655

6035. Scientists have found strange new life- B. 1%


forms called “tubeworms” on the deep C. 5%
ocean bottom. Which most likely provides

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energy for the tubeworms? D. 50%
A. algae 6041. subduction zones in the ocean can create
B. small fish which features?
C. photosynthesis A. islands
D. hydrothermal vents B. volcanoes
C. earthquakes
6036. What type of pollution affects the
Chesapeake Bay? D. all of the above
A. fertilizer 6042. A fish that can survive in both fresh and
B. agriculture salt water is known as:
C. urban development A. Where is Dohari?
D. recreation B. euryhaline
E. thermal C. halinability
6037. What term describes organisms that D. halocline
live on or in the ocean floor?
6043. Kai’s family took their dog to the beach.
A. plankton He is swimming in a fairly shallow area
B. nekton of water. What part of the ocean floor is
Kai’s dog directly above?
C. pelagic
A. the continental rise
D. benthos
B. the abyssal plain
6038. What is the ocean’s typical salinity?
C. the continental shelf
A. 10% or 100 ppt
D. the continental slope
B. 1% or 10 ppt
C. 5% or 50 ppt 6044. Why does the moon have a stronger in-
fluence on Earth’s tides than the sun?
D. 3.5% or 35 ppt
A. The moon is denser
6039. When carbon dioxide diffuses into the B. The moon is closer
ocean, it makes the water more
C. The moon has more mass
A. neutral
D. The moon moves faster
B. alkaline
C. salty 6045. Which ocean is the largest on Earth?
D. acidic A. Southern
B. Indian
6040. This much of the ocean has been ex-
plored. C. Atlantic
A. 95% D. Pacific

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 656

6046. can hurt ocean animals and plants C. ocean water


D. ground water

6051. The slack water is


A. two unequal high and low tides daily
B. point in time when tide current
changes direction

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. pollution C. point in time when tide is flowing into
the harbor
B. the sun
D. two equal high and low tides daily
C. sharks
D. earthquakes 6052. Sponges belong to which group of ani-
mals?
6047. What is the name of this vessel and
A. Vertebrates
which organization operates it?
B. Invertebrates
A. Aircraft Carrier, USN
B. Cutter, USCG 6053. Why are human caused changes to the
ocean hard to reverse?
C. Submarine, USN
A. Changes are always irreversible
D. Submersible, Private or special
forces/services B. The ocean has too much life
C. The ocean is sooo large
6048. There is sea-life even in the deepest ar-
eas where animal’s soft bodies are able to D. None of the above
deal with the high 6054. One watershed is separated from an-
A. sunlight other by a ridge of land called a
B. pressure A. tributary
C. temperature B. divide
D. salinity C. flood plain

6049. Why can’t deep ocean fish live at the D. delta


surface? 6055. What causes The Great Pacific Garbage
A. They’re hard to catch Patch to form?
B. They’re picky eaters
C. They’re adapted to intense pressures
that can’t be replicated
D. Aquariums don’t think it will make
money

6050. What is the major source of drinking wa- A. surface winds


ter for humans? B. tropical storms
A. lake water C. animal nesting
B. frozen water D. ocean currents (gyres)

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 657

6056. The ocean is salty mainly due to the 6061. Temperature affects this greatly
weathering erosion that takes place on ig-
neous rocks found in Earth’s crust and on

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the mountains. It is also salty due to the
dead ocean animals whose bodies sink to
the ocean floor.

A. True
B. False A. color

6057. The gases that are predominant in stars B. density


are C. chlorine
A. carbon and methane D. thermocline
B. carbon and nitrogen
6062. What name is given to this feature?
C. hydrogen and helium
D. hydrogen and uranium
6058. Area where new ocean floor is formed
when lava erupts through cracks in Earth’s
crust
A. Ocean Trench
B. Continental Shelf
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge A. Cave
D. Continental Slope B. Arch
6059. Which of the following means “without C. Stack
light”? D. Stump
A. aphotic
B. biotic 6063. According to your textbook, select the
best answer choice that best describes
C. abiotic how heated water can be a pollutant.
D. photic
A. by raising the temperature above the
6060. A tidal current can produce a rapidly tolerance of organisms
spinning body of water called a vortex or B. by causing the ocean to evaporate and
become a desert
A. ebb current
C. by attracting manatees
B. flood current
D. all of the answer selections listed here
C. tidal bore are equally good at describing how heated
D. whirlpool water can be a pollutant

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 658

6064. What is a combination of all the food 6070. Bioluminescence is mostly produced by
chains in an ecosystem? organisms that live in partial or total dark-
A. Food Web ness.
A. true
B. Life Cycle
B. false
C. Living Resource
D. Spawn 6071. What should you do when a student
goes off into the ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6065. What level of beaufort scale is Mod- A. Tell teacher
erately high waves with breaking crests
forming spindrift. Streaks of foam. B. Say nothing

A. Strong Gale C. Join them


D. none of above
B. Fresh Gale
C. Whole Gale/Storm 6072. When deep water comes up to replace
water blown away from the shore it is
D. Violent storm
called:
6066. What is formed when a river cuts into A. upwelling
the continental shelf? B. gyres
A. continental margin C. density currents
B. oceanic ridge D. surface currents
C. guyot
6073. The ocean gets colder as you go
D. submarine canyon
A. closer to the Equator.
6067. A hydrometer measures all but this pa- B. lower in latitude.
rameter. C. deeper.
A. density D. none of above
B. temperature
6074. What two things keep the ocean water
C. salinity moving?
D. pH A. kelp and salt

6068. True or False:We have explored space B. kelp and wind


more than we have explored the ocean. C. salt and wind
A. True D. wind and heat
B. False 6075. Which number indicates the wave-
length?
6069. Nautilus shells-
A. assisted in buoyancy
B. have chambers changing liquid to gas
C. are common in the texas coast
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 659

A. 1 C. Induces a northward movement of sur-


B. 2 face currents

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C. 3 D. Has no effect on the direction of sur-
face currents
D. 4
6080. What are ocean currents?
6076. What causes upwelling and down-
welling? A. Masses of ocean water that flow from
one place to another
A. Changes in Earth’s magnetic field
B. Huge circular current system
B. Ocean tides
C. Water movement that flows horizon-
C. Changes in wind patterns tally in the upper part of the oceans sur-
D. Changes in water density face

6077. Outer Core D. none of above

6081. Warm currents and cold currents How


does it affect the climate on the land?
A. Does not affect the climate on the land
Because the climate on the land depends
on more air circulation
B. Warm currents warm the air. Take a
warm, comfortable shower / The cold wa-
A. D ter stream makes the weather cold, mak-
ing it impossible to take a shower.
B. E
C. Warm currents make the air warmer
C. F and drier / Cold currents make the air
D. G cooler and it rains.

6078. Which of the following will decrease D. Warm currents make the air warmer
ocean salinity: and rain fall / Cold currents make the air
cooler and dry.
A. Evaporation
B. Sea ice formation 6082. Zero degree’s Latitude is also called
C. Precipitation (Rain) A. Prime meridian
D. Runoff B. International Date line
E. Icebergs melting C. North Pole
D. Equator
6079. What effect does the rotation of the
Earth have on the direction of surface cur- 6083. Who was the first true oceanographer?
rents in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Cook
A. Causes surface currents to flow east-
ward B. Muller

B. Causes surface currents to flow west- C. Maury


ward D. Nansen

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 660

6084. The ocean labeled 1 in the map that is B. Pie Chart


located between California and Japan is C. Bar Graph
called the
D. none of above

6089. How is point-source pollution different


from non-point source pollution?
A. Point-source pollution comes from a
single, identifiable source.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Point-source pollution is not harmful to
the environment.
A. Arctic Ocean
C. Non-point source pollution comes from
B. Indian Ocean a single, identifiable source.
C. Pacific Ocean D. Point-source pollution comes from
D. Atlantic Ocean multiple sources.

6085. Why do Earth’s plates move? 6090. Animal members of the plankton commu-
nity.
A. because of tornadoes and hurricanes
A. Phytoplankton
B. because of Earth spinning on its axis
B. Meroplankton
C. because of Earth orbiting the sun
C. Holoplankton
D. because of molten rock heating and
cooling within the mantle D. Zooplankton

6086. About what percent of Earth’s surface is 6091. What are mangroves?
covered by oceans? A. Groves inside of men
A. 70% B. Trees that grow partially submerged in
B. 97% salt water
C. 76% C. Seaweed overgrowing
D. 3% D. Trees grown on top of fresh water

6087. Which of the following terms describes 6092. pollution that comes from many sources;
the movement of energy through water, can’t be traced to a specific spot
primarily caused by wind? A. evaporating cooling
A. Tide B. solution
B. Wave C. runoff
C. Current D. nonpoint source
D. Cuttlefish 6093. The single most important form of pol-
6088. Ms. Cruz wants to display class data lution in the freshwater systems in Texas
that compares the average of the class on is
each unit test. Which chart would she use? A. oil spills
A. Line Graph B. sediments

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 661

C. fertilizers B. It inclines very gently seaward


D. sewage C. It can vary in width

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6094. Assertion:Wind patterns are clockwise D. All of the above
in the northern hemisphere and anti- 6099. What is the effect of overfishing on the
clockwise in the southern hemisphere. food chain in the ocean?
Reasons:The directions of wind patterns in
the northern and the southern hemisphere A. It has no effect.
are governed by the Coriolis effect. B. It can disrupt the balance, affecting
other species.
A. Both A are R are true R is the correct
explanation of A C. It increases the population of fish.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not a D. It decreases the salinity of the ocean.
correct explanation of A
6100. Which of the following is an example of
C. A is true but R is false variation among humans?
D. A is false but R is true A. 3D vision
6095. Which of the following is not one of the B. Blonde Hair
main oceans? C. Bipedalism
A. Arctic D. High Intelligence
B. Pacific
6101. Which weather conditions are associ-
C. Mediterranean ated with El Niño?
D. Indian A. increased temperature, increased pre-
cipitation
6096. A cone-shaped net of fine mesh material
with a collecting jar at the base. B. decreased temperature, increased
precipitation
A. Cast Net
C. increased temperature, decreased
B. Dip Net precipitation
C. Otter Trawl Net D. decreased temperature, decreased
D. Plankton Net precipitation
E. Purse His Net 6102. Where do the most plants and animals
6097. In the diagram above, which letter rep- live in the ocean?
resents a volcanic island?
A. Feature A
B. Feature C
C. Feature E
D. Feature G
A. Continental shelf
6098. Which of the following is true of the con-
tinental shelf? B. Deep trenches
A. It is a shallow submarine platform at C. The swash
the edge of a continent D. Seamounts

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 662

6103. The deepest and largest ocean on the


Earth is the D.
A. Atlantic
B. Pacific 6108. Which of the following metric measure-
C. Indian ments would be used to measure the
length of a football field?
D. Arctic
A. centimeters

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6104. What is the La Nina Southern Oscilla- B. kilometers
tion?
C. meters
A. Every 2-7 years the surface waters
on the eastern Pacific become warmer D. millimeters
than normal during December, January, &
February 6109. The amount and type of dissolved salts
is called
B. Every 2-7 years the surface waters
on the eastern Pacific become colder A. salinity
than normal duringDecember, January, & B. saturation
February
C. density
6105. True or False:Water has a low specific D. brackish
heat
A. True 6110. Which of the following has the most ef-
fect on climate?
B. False
A. The terrain
6106. As you go deeper into the ocean this will B. The amount of water
decrease
C. Latitude
A. water
D. Longitude
B. pressure
C. salinity 6111. What measures the amount of salt dis-
solved in water?
D. temperature
A. Salinity
6107. Which picture better relates to B. Density
“Tsunami”?
C. Latitude
A. D. Temperature

6112. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in


underground soil and rock layers is called
B.
A. salt water
B. rainwater
C. C. groundwater
D. water vapor

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 663

6113. The weather patterns for a given region 6118. Subtidal seagrass beds are among the
over time most productive communities in the oceans
because

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A. weather
A. all parts of a seagrass including roots
B. climate
are photosynthetic.
C. waves B. seagrasses have no herbivores to eat
D. global warming them.
C. seagrasses, unlike algae, have roots
6114. Swimming ocean animals capable of absorbing nutrients from the
sediments.
D. All answers are correct.

6119. Flowing streams of water that continu-


ally move through the ocean in a certain
direction are
A. Tides
A. Nekton B. Waves

B. Plankton C. Streams

C. Benthos D. Currents

D. Mrs. Beaks 6120. Which ocean is the second largest ocean


in the world?
6115. What natural phenomena happens right A. Arctic Ocean.
before an tsunami?
B. Atlantic Ocean.
A. the ocean water retreats
C. Indian Ocean.
B. animals act strangely
D. Pacific Ocean.
C. you can hear a loud train-like sound
E. Southern Ocean.
D. all of these
6121. signed the save our seas act $$$
6116. What is caused or affected by the A. Obama
Moon’s Gravitational Pull?
B. Cook
A. Currents C. Trump
B. Tides D. Franklin
C. Upwelling
6122. different depths of water in the ocean
D. Mid Ocean Ridge

6117. Gyres are closed circular current sys-


tems that form in the oceans.
A. true
B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 664

A. zones 6127. Orbital waves are


B. waves A. push-pull
C. salt B. side to side
D. high tide C. circular
6123. If two species share the same class, D. none of above
they also share the same
6128. A horizontal movement of ocean water
A. phylum

NARAYAN CHANGDER
that is caused by wind and that occurs at
B. order or near the ocean’s surface.
C. genus A. Gulf Stream
D. species B. Global Conveyor Belt

6124. What is the correct order of the parts of C. Surface Current


the ocean floor? D. Gyre
A. continental slope, abyssal plain, con-
6129. True or False-Fishing Dredges destroy
tinental shelf, ocean trench, continental
the ocean floor.
rise
A. True
B. ocean trench, continental rise, abyssal
plain, continental slope, continental shelf B. False
C. continental shelf, continental slope, 6130. Pelagic clays contain lots of material
continental rise, abyssal plain, ocean that settles to the seafloor through the
trench water column and are
D. continental rise, ocean trench, conti- A. less than 30% biogenous material
nental slope, abyssal plain, continental
B. more than 30% biogenous material
shelf
C. less than 30% neritic material
6125. How do conditions change as the depth
of the ocean water increases? D. more than 30% hydrogenous material

A. temperature decreases and pressure 6131. Which feature has allowed parts of
increases Florida’s coast to be extended the MOST?
B. temperature increases and pressure A. Fringing reefs
increases
B. Mangroves
C. temperature decreases and pressure
C. Barrier reefs
decreases
D. Atolls
D. temperature increases and pressure
decreases 6132. A topic of study in Oceanography that
deals with having an integrated network
6126. The deepest zone is the
of people and technology gathering ob-
A. hadrian zone serving data and developing tracking and
B. hadrea zone predictive tools is called:
C. badral zone A. International Ocean Observing System
D. hadal zone B. Integrated Ocean Observing System

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 665

C. International Oceanic Detection Sys- 6137. During the winter solstice in the north-
tems ern hemisphere the sun passes directly
over the

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D. Integrated Ocean Observing Studies
A. Tropic of Capricorn
6133. What percent of Earth’s water is fresh- B. Equator
water?
C. Arctic Circle
A. 3%
D. Tropic of Cancer
B. 30%
6138. About 1.5 billion years ago oxygen ac-
C. 70% cumulated by
D. 97% A. photosynthesis
B. cellular respiration
6134. Wave size depends on three things:
C. positive thinking
A. 1. Wind speed, 2. How long the wind
blows, 3. The fetch (how far the wind D. martians
blows across the ocean) 6139. What can hurt ocean animals and
B. 1. Wind Speed 2. Fetch 3. Buoys in the plants?
area A. bubbles
C. 1. Boats producing waves 2. Tidal B. garbage
Ranges 3. Fetch C. water
D. 1. Wind Intensity, 2. Boats, 3. Amount D. sand
of Whales
6140. An area of the ocean where rapid
6135. What happens to 1/4 of the green- change in ocean density occurs with a
house gases in the atmosphere? change in depth is the
A. It is released into space. A. halocline
B. It gets absorbed by the ocean. B. pycnocline
C. thermocline
6136. The most powerful surface current in the
D. none of above
North Atlantic Ocaean is the
6141. deep ocean currents are caused by
A. wind
B. waves
C. salinity
D. animals
6142. The center of a hurricane is called the

A. Coriolis Effect A. center


B. Climate B. brain
C. Gulf Stream C. eye
D. none of above D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 666

6143. The salinity will be in an area where pre-


cipitation is low and evaporation is high.
A. Lower
B. the same
A. Pacific
C. higher
B. Atlantic
D. none of above
6149. Most of the Earth’s water is in

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6144. What type of ship is this and what or-
ganization operates it?
A. Cargo ship operated by NASA
B. Fishing boat operated by the United
Nations
C. Hospital ship operated by the Red
Cross
D. Icebreaker operated by the USCG
A. salty oceans
6145. The top point of a wave is the:
B. freshwater lakes
A. Crest
C. freshwater ponds
B. Trough
D. glaciers
C. Amplitude
6150. Where is most of the Earth’s freshwater
D. Wavelength
located?
6146. Which group of people were possibly A. in the ocean
travelling across the ocean in 30, 00 B.C.? B. in icecaps and glaciers
A. Chinese C. in rivers and streams
B. Greeks D. in rivers and streams
C. Polynesians
6151. Choose the correct option
D. Portuguese

6147. All of the following were considered ex-


plorers of the Middle Ages EXCEPT (800
A.D.-1400)
A. Ming Dynasty China
B. Vikings
C. Greeks
D. Europeans

6148. Which ocean, the Atlantic or the Pacific,


has higher average surface salinities? A. Barnacle nauplius

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 667

B. Artemia Nauplius B. The girl


C. fish lice C. Non-El Nino (normal conditions)

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D. Crepidula D. none of above
6152. How hot can hydrothermal vents get? 6157. What is an opening in the surface where
A. 100◦ C lava may flow?
B. 400◦ C A. trench
C. 29338◦ C B. seamount
D. 7◦ C C. rift zone
6153. Any natural resource that can replenish D. valley
itself in a relatively short period of time,
usually no longer than the length of a hu- 6158. What is a subduction zone?
man life.
A. renewable resource
B. nonrenewable resource

6154. In order for a hurricane to form, the wa-


ter must be
A. Cool A. a deep sea trench
B. Warm
B. near seafloor spreading
C. Cold
C. where two divergent plates seperate
D. Hot
D. when two convergent plates collide
6155. The streamlike movements of water in and one goes under the other
the ocean are called ocean
6159. .... is the Father of Physical Oceanogra-
A. waves
phy.
B. currents
A. Matther Maury
C. motions
B. Christopher Columbus
D. slides
C. Jacques Cousteau
6156. The picture represents a(n) event. D. James Cook

6160. years ago, this man calculated the cir-


cumference of the Earth using on simple
math.
A. Eratosthenes
B. Herodotus
C. Aristotle
A. The boy D. They have

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 668

6161. The Gulf Stream carries warm water B. cube


to the North Atlantic Ocean, which con- C. box
tributes to
D. triangular
A. a mild climate for the British Isles.
B. a harsh winter in the British Isles. 6167. The lowest point on a wave is the:
C. a cold-water surface current that A. Amplitude
flows to the British Isles. B. Crest

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. a warm-water surface current that C. Trough
flows along the coast of California.
D. Wavelength
6162. What separates the zone of saturation
from the zone of aeration? 6168. What 3 physical characteristics are used
to determine ocean zones?
A. lake
B. water table A. water color, water temperature, and
where it is located on Earth.
C. aquifer
B. water temperature, water salinity, wa-
D. permeability ter density
6163. What is one way we harm the oceans? C. water salinity, water color, water tem-
A. Overfishing perature

B. Bycatch D. water acidity, water composition, wa-


ter temperature
C. Pollution
D. All of these 6169. The first step in the natural pond succes-
sion is
6164. Deep V-shaped valley in the continental
A. fertilizers from yards wash off during
slop; form near rivers
the rain
A. Abyssal plains
B. plants growing on accumulated sedi-
B. Continental slope ments
C. Continental rise C. plants dying and accumulating organic
D. Submarine canyon material in sediments

6165. What is dissolved oxygen? D. accumulation of sediments into the


ponds
A. The property of containing salt
E. pond dries up into a meadow
B. The amount of suspended solids
C. The measure of the amount of oxygen 6170. What phenomenon occurs in the Pacific
that is dissolved Ocean when warm water is not blown out
to sea by tradewinds?
D. Describes how acidic or basic water is
A. The girl
6166. Bathysphere:A deep-diving chamber
B. Gulf Stream
inwhich persons are lowered by a cable to
study theoceans and deep-sea life. C. The boy
A. spherical D. Tsunami

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 669

6171. The average depth of the Oceans are: 6175. REVIEW QUESTION:Sea life is at risk
when
A. they do not get enough fertilizer

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B. they do not get enough pollution
C. invasive species take over the area
D. temperatures are constant

6176. Expand from Scientific Notation:3.04 x


108
A. 1 mile
A. 30400000
B. 1.5 miles
B. 0.00000304
C. 2 miles
C. 0.0000000304
D. 3 miles
D. 304000000
6172. Why does warm air rise and cold air
sink? 6177. Choose the correct option
A. warm air is warmer
B. cold air is colder
C. warm air is less dense than cold air
D. cold air is less dense than warm air

6173. The arrows in a food web show the di-


rection is moving
A. Carbohydrates
B. Energy
C. Sunlight
D. Sugar A. Core Sampler
B. Dredge
6174. Mineral-rich water, heated by newly
formed oceanic crust, escapes through C. Grab Sampler
cracks in the ocean floor called D. Sediment Sieves

6178. The deeper you go in the ocean:


A. The colder it gets
B. The warmer it gets
C. The less dense it gets
D. None of these
A. nodules 6179. What did scientists use to map the
B. rifts oceans floor?
C. hydrothermal vents A. Echo-location
D. trenches B. Sonar

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 670

C. Space Shuttles D. Nekton


D. Animals
6184. The amount of energy transferred by a
6180. This picture shown above is of the ves- wave.
sel the United States used for the first A. Amplitude
military submarine attack against British
ships. What is the name of the vessel? B. Wavelength
C. Frequency

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Wave Speed

6185. Which property of water allows it to


have a high heat capacity?
A. Surface tension
B. Polarity
C. Vapor pressure
D. Hydrogen bonding

6186. The science of the sea book contained


A. Turtle a map of sediment accumulation. If there
B. Dolphin were lots of sharks teeth in the sediment
C. Victoria sample that mean accumulation rate was
slow.
D. HMS Beagle
A. True
6181. Which is the stronger acid?
B. False
A. pH 1
B. pH 4 6187. Hurricanes
C. pH 8 A. begin as a group of thunderstorms
moving over tropical ocean water.
D. pH 13
B. have a calm center called the eye.
6182. a flat-topped seamount that used to be
an island C. die in colder water or over land be-
cause they begin to lose their source of
A. Estuary
energy.
B. Eutrophication
D. all of the above
C. Salinity
D. Guyot 6188. Which shows the order of Earth’s three
major oceans from largest to smallest
6183. What is the saltiness or amount of salt
dissolved into a body of water? A. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian

A. Sonar B. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian


B. Benthos C. Indian, Atlantic, Pacific
C. Salinity D. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 671

6189. What is an ecological pyramid? 6194. Where would you find the lowest den-
A. A series of steps in which organ- sity seawater?

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isms transfer energy by eating and being A. surface zone
eaten.
B. deep zone
B. A network of feeding interactions
C. A diagram that shows the amount of C. transition zone
energy transferred in each trophic level
D. abyssal zone
D. None of these
6190. How many feet are in-between contour 6195. Identify the current labelled D in the fig-
lines on a typical topographic map? ure.
A. 10 feet
B. 20 feet
C. 40 feet
D. It varies
6191. Label A

A. South Atlantic Current


B. South Indian Current
C. South Pacific Current
A. continental slope
D. Western Australian Current
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain E. West Wind Drift (Antarctic Circumpo-
lar Current)
D. sea mount
6192. What is the main factor that determines 6196. tsunamis are often caused by
the direction of sand movement on the
beach? A. volcanoes
A. Number of people on the beach B. earthquakes
B. Temperature of the water C. tornados
C. Direction of the prevailing wind
D. none of above
D. Color of the sand
6193. Which factor is responsible for changing 6197. What causes tsunamis?
the direction of ocean water as the water
A. The pull of the Sun and Moon.
meets a landmass?
A. continental deflection B. The tides.
B. the Coriolis effect C. Seaquakes (underwater earthquakes)
C. global winds D. The shape of the land and the slope of
D. temperature the sea floor.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 672

6198. The Gulf Stream is a flowing stream of A. GPS


water moving through the ocean. It comes B. Sonar
up from near the Equator and moves north
along the east coast of the United States. C. Chronometer
Since this stream is moving water from the D. Compass
tropics near the Equator, it is known as a
6204. Oceanographers believe the breakup of
surface current.
Pangaea occurred about:
A. Gulf of Mexico
A. 1 million years ago.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Warm B. 10-25 million years ago.
C. Cold C. 190-225 million years ago.
D. Long D. 750 million years ago.
6199. Hydrogen bonds form between neigh- 6205. Choose the correct option
boring water molecules because of
A. the polarity of water molecules
B. electron transfer
C. surface tension
D. electron sharing

6200. TRUE or FALSE? Terrigenous sediments


deposited by a turbidity current are called A. Sea of Japan
Turbidites. B. Sea of Okhotsk
A. TRUE C. South China Sea
B. FALSE D. Tasman Sea

6201. Who was part of the expedition that E. Yellow Sea


discovered active hydrothermal vents near 6206. The theory of plate tectonics explains
the Galapagos Islands? the movement of the Earth’s crust and is
A. Jacques Cousteau also closely related to the formation of the
oceans due to:
B. Jacques Piccard
A. rotation of the Earth and gravitational
C. Sylvia Earle
pull
D. Robert Ballard B. movement of tectonic plates and
6202. The unit for frequency is seafloor spreading
A. meter C. erosion and sedimentation

B. meter/second D. volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

C. hertz 6207. This it the largest fish of all.


D. Second A. Whale Shark
B. Blue Whale
6203. An instrument that is able to determine
time using longitude (used on Cook’s voy- C. Octopus
age) D. White Shark

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 673

6208. What most likely causes waves? A. Ocean


A. Gravitational pull of the moon B. Sea

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B. The wind C. Strait
C. Marine life swimming in the ocean D. Gulf
D. The Coriolis effect 6214. What is letter G?
6209. What is a similarity between photosyn-
thesis and chemosynthesis?
A. Both are metabolic processes which
produce energy for living things
B. Both use sunlight A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Both are performed by bumblebees B. Rift
D. Both produce Carbon Dioxide C. Trench
6210. The ebb current is D. Cont. Shelf
A. two equal high and low tides daily 6215. What is the deadliest tsunami ever
B. point in time when tide current recorded?
changes direction A. The 1782 South China Sea tsunami
C. water moving into a harbor due to in- B. The 1868 northern Chile tsunami
coming tide C. The 1883 South Java Sea tsunami
D. water moving out of the harbor due to D. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
an outgoing tide
6216. If we listed the following sediments in
6211. Early life likely obtained energy through order from smallest to largest, which an-
deep in the ocean. swer is correct? granule, clay, boulder,
A. photosynthesis silt, pebble, sand and cobble
B. chemosynthesis
6212. A is the area in an ocean basin
where new ocean floor is formed
A. sea mount
B. continental shelf
C. mid ocean ridge
D. continental slope A. Boulder-cobble-pebble-granule-sand-
6213. Which water body is F? silt-clay
B. Sand-clay-silt-granule-pebble-cobble-
boulder
C. Silt-granule-pebble-boulder-clay-
cobble-sand
D. Clay-silt-sand-granule-pebble-cobble-
boulder

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 674

6217. What was the name of the giant ocean 6223. The average weather that occurs in a
that Wegener proposed? given region over a long period of time
A. Panthalassa A. Climate
B. Tethys B. Weather
C. Pangea C. Temperance
D. Gaia D. Upwelling

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6224. Choose the correct option
6218. What is the process by which a valid in-
vestigation is done?
A. Scientific Journey
B. Scientific Steps
C. Scientific Process A. Cast Net
D. Scientific Method B. Dip Net
6219. A zone of loose sediment that covers C. Otter Trawl Net
part or all of a shore on a depositional D. Plankton Net
coast is a
E. Purse His Net
A. beach
6225. tides happen when the Sun, the
B. coast Moon, and Earth from a right angle. These
C. slope have the least difference between the
height of the tides.
D. shelf

6220. Name means “head-foot”


A. Gastropods
B. Mollusca
C. Bivalves
D. Cephalopods
A. spring tide
6221. What is the salinity of seawater?
B. neap tide
A. 1.5 percent
C. slack tide
B. 3.5 percent
D. red tide
C. 5.5 percent
6226. the number of grams of dissolved salt in
D. 10 percent one kilogram of seawater
6222. True or False:We know more about the A. Estuary
ocean than we know about the moon. B. Eutrophication
A. True C. Salinity
B. False D. Guyot

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 675

6227. Which sea is enclosed by Europe, the 6232. What is a watershed?


Middle East, and Africa?

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A. Mediterranean Sea
B. Caribbean Sea
C. South China Sea
D. Arabian Sea
6228. A giant wave usually caused by an
earthquake (and landslides, volcanic erup-
tions, asteroids) beneath the ocean floor. A. Land that collects channels water
A. wave train
B. Shape of the land
B. double crest
C. A natural stream of water
C. tsunami
D. hurricane D. River its tributaries

6229. High clouds made of ice crystals are 6233. How much of the Earth is covered in wa-
called clouds. ter?
A. cumulus A. 25%
B. stratus
B. 75%
C. cirrus
C. 97.5%
D. clouded
D. 2.5%
6230. What does the Y axis show?
A. Time 6234. Which of the following factors do not
B. Chlorophyll-a Concentration (µg/L) affect surface currents?
C. Phytoplankton (cell/lit)
D. Dissolved oxygen (ml/l)
6231. During El Nino conditions, warm water
moves east. This means that Australia and
Indonesia are and Southwestern US is

A. The Location of Continents


A. wet; dry
B. Density
B. dry;wet
C. dry; dry C. Wind Currents
D. wet; wet D. The Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 676

6235. Approximately, what percent of the 6240. How’s the pH of the ocean changing?
Earth’s surface is covered with water?
A. Decreases due to the absorbtion of
A. 3% CO2
B. 30% B. Increases due to the absorbtion of
CO2
C. 70%
D. 97% 6241. What is a mollusk?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A creature with stinging cells
6236. Many (a) do not wear down; they sim-
ply break into smaller pieces. B. A creature with some kind of shell
A. a plastics C. A creature that can regenerate

B. paper products D. A creature with a skeleton

C. cardboard 6242. At what feet is light from the sun almost


D. food gone?
A. 500 feet
6237. Water that collects in cracks and pores
in underground soil and rock layers. B. 1, 000 feet

A. Groundwater C. 3, 000 feet


D. 5, 000 feet
B. Surface Water
C. Permeable 6243. A fault is a
D. Impermeable A. Break in the earths crust at a plate
boundary
6238. What is the difference between a vol-
B. a rift valley at a divergent fault
canic island & a seamount?
C. the volcano formed by a divergent
A. A volcanic island rises above the water boundary
& a seamount does not
D. break at a convergent fault boundary
B. A seamount rises above the water & a
volcanic island does not 6244. The ocean temperature affects the
C. Both the seamount & volcanic island
are underwater
D. Both the seamount & the volcanic is-
land rise above the water

6239. What are the 2 most common ions in


ocean water?
A. Sodium and chloride A. Super Bowl
B. sodium and chlorine B. weather
C. Potassium and Chlorine C. school year
D. Chloride and Oxygen D. swim schedule

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 677

6245. Cities closer to water most likely will be 6250. The measure of the amount of salt dis-
A. more dry solved into solution per unit of volume is
called

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B. more humid
A. density
C. hotter
D. colder B. salinity
C. viscosity
6246. Why does water move from the roots
to the leaves of plants? D. elasticity
A. Water is pushed by solutes 6251. What is a flowing stream of water that
B. Capillary action pulls the water moves continually through the ocean in a
molecules up like a chain specific direction?
C. Water is pulled by gravity A. Tides
D. Water cannot move up roots to leaves B. Currents
6247. Tropical Pacific Ocean surface warming C. Waves
pattern D. Beaches
A. The boy
6252. Which type of feedback loop is repre-
B. The girl
sented in the picture?
C. Hurricane
D. Tropical Storm
6248. What type of climate does the west
coast of North America have?

A. Positive
B. Negative

6253. During an El Nino year, in VA we will


A. Cold Climate likely have what kind of winter?
B. Warm Climate A. cold and snowy
6249. The separation of the Earth into layers B. hot and dry
while it was molten was the result of the
C. cold and dry

A. decrease in temperature downward D. no change in weather


toward the core 6254. Which of the following decreases the
B. gravitational force created by the ro- salinity of the ocean?
tating Earth
A. Freezing of seawater
C. differing densities of the elements that
B. Melting of ice from glaciers
make up the Earth
D. initial collection of materials and their C. Evaporation of seawater
position in Earth D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 678

6255. What is the AVERAGE depth of the 6260. Which major ocean is closest to our
oceans? state of Georgia?
A. 3800 m A. Atlantic
B. 4200 m B. Pacific
C. 4500 m C. Indian
D. 3500 m D. Arctic
6256. Which of these marks the Abyssal

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6261. What answer choice best describes the
Plains? Truman Proclamation of 1945?
A. it changed the concept of territorial
waters by eliminating them
B. it changed the concept of territorial
waters by widening them
C. it changed the concept of territorial
A. A waters by enforcing them
B. F D. it changed the concept of territorial
C. H waters by outlawing pirates
D. C
6262. What is “C”
6257. Deep ocean currents move & wa-
ter along the ocean floor. Choose TWO an-
swers.
A. cold
B. hot
C. denser
D. less dense
A. Seamount
6258. What is Earth’s deepest trench?
B. Continental Shelf
A. All trenches are the same depth
C. Abyssal Plain
B. Marianas Trench
D. Trench
C. Tonga Trench
D. Philosopher’s Trench 6263. How do temperature, density, and pres-
sure of ocean water change with depth?
6259. What answer choice best describes why
A. density and pressure decrease and
the Arctic Ocean should be considered a
pressure increases
sea? (From Chapter 1.1)
B. density and pressure increase and
A. small and shallow
pressure decreases
B. deep and wide
C. density and pressure get deeper in the
C. icy and small ocean
D. looks like a gulf D. the further out in the ocean you go, the
E. too close to the North Pole more pressure you get

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 679

6264. This can be detected and monitored us- C. currents


ing satellites. D. none of above

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A. algae blooms
6269. Johnny is swimming close to the beach
B. River plumes at VA beach-Johnny is swimming over the
C. Pollution
D. all of the above A. continental slope
B. abyssal plain
6265. Which of the following does NOT effect
C. mid-ocean ridge
surface currents
D. continental shelf
A. Winds
B. Earth’s rotation 6270. Which of the following is thought to
have enriched ocean floor sediments with
C. Continents rare-earth elements?
D. Salinity A. Clathrate formation
6266. The deepest part the Mariana Trench is B. Deep-sea hotsprings
called? C. Groundwater leaching
D. Nodule and crust creation
6271. True or False:Temperature decreases the
farther you do down in the ocean?
A. True
B. False
A. Challenger Deep 6272. the open ocean, where sunlight does not
B. Pacific Rim reach the seabed.
C. Black Hole
D. Deepwater Horizon

6267. A career in Biological Oceanography


might include
A. investigating food chains in marine en-
vironments. A. oceanic zone
B. monitoring the amount of dissolved B. neritic zone
oxygen in local seas. C. Intertidal zone
C. measure and predict the strength and D. salinity
forces of tsunamis.
6273. Which of these has the greatest capacity
D. survey the features, such as moun- for storing thermal energy from the sun?
tains and plains, on the ocean floor.
A. air
6268. Waves are generated by B. land
A. the rotation of Earth C. oceans
B. wind D. plants

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 680

6274. Ms. Fontaine B. Inside the ocean floor.


A. is the best teacher ever C. Swim above the ocean floor.
B. Has a twin sister D. none of above
C. Teaches IPS & ES 6279. Which type of water do we need to keep
D. All of the above us alive?
A. Salt water
6275. artificial enrichment of a body of wa-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter by the addition of nutrients; can cause B. Fresh water
death of aquatic plants and animals
6280. hard protective outer case of some
A. Estuary ocean animals
B. Eutrophication
C. Salinity
D. Guyot

6276. What is the name of the layer with


meteors (the coolest layer of the atmo-
sphere)? A. shells
B. zones
C. waves
D. salt

6281. How could salinity increase or de-


crease?
A. Removal of pure water.
A. Troposphere B. Increase in a variety of dissolved
B. Stratosphere gases.
C. Mesosphere C. Addition of pure water.
D. Thermosphere D. Increase the pH of seawater.

6277. Conservative constituent? 6282. What would be located from D to B


A. The time necessary to makes a sub-
stance through the ocean
B. An elemental to occurs in constant pro-
portion in sea water
C. Sound navigation and ranging
D. The responds of a solid liquid or gas to
the input or removal of heat energy A. Trough
6278. In the benthic environment, epifauna B. Wave Height
live where? C. Crest
A. On the surface of the ocean floor. D. Wavelength

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 681

6283. The layer in which density increases A. Mid-Ocean Ridge


A. densocline B. Trench

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B. halocline C. Seamount
C. thermocline D. Rift Valley
D. pycnocline
6288. The continental slope is
6284. Why and how does NASA explore the
A. space between the shelf and slope
worlds Oceans?
A. To search for lost treasure and other B. structure that helps fish breathe
valuable resources that are found in US
6289. Which Pacific Ocean phenomenon leads
waters with satellites
to drought like conditions in Australia?
B. To study the behavior of marine ani-
mals and endangered species with robots A. The boy
and satellites B. The girl
C. Drill and use satellites to find new
sources of renewable and nonrenewable 6290. Letter A represents the
energy
D. To globally study Earth’s climate,
weather patterns, and the impact of hu-
man activities on the environment from
space, air or ground research projects
A. continental rise
6285. What is beach erosion
B. continental shelf
A. Eroding of sand
B. Movement of sand C. continental slope

C. Sinking of sand D. coastal plain


D. none of above 6291. The flat featureless bottom part of the
ocean floor is called the:
6286. The ocean is slow to heat and slow to
cool. This is related to a property of wa- A. abyssal plain
ter known as
B. continental shelf
A. density.
C. continental slope
B. high heat capacity.
D. continental rise
C. low heat capacity.
D. residence time. 6292. In 2010, the world’s fish catch results It
is approximately how many million tons?
6287. Name there feature at letter J
A. 10
B. 30
C. 50
D. 100

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 682

6293. What influences surface currents in the 6298. What happens to particles as they are
ocean? heated?
A. Ekman Transport A. move faster and farther apart
B. Coriolis Effect
B. become more dense
C. Surface Winds
C. more slower and closer together
D. All of the Above
D. they sink
6294. Put the following ocean floor features

NARAYAN CHANGDER
in order, beginning with the feature clos- 6299. What causes upwelling to occur in the
est to the shore ocean?
A. continental shelf, continental slope,
A. The convergence of surface currents.
mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plain, deep
ocean trench B. The divergence of surface currents.
B. continental slope, mid-ocean ridge, C. The stagnation of surface currents.
abyssal plain, deep ocean trench
D. The uniform movement of surface cur-
C. deep ocean trench, continental shelf,
rents.
continental slope, mid-ocean ridge
D. mid-ocean ridge, deep ocean trench, 6300. The ocean is stratified (layered) with re-
continental slope, continental shelf spect to
6295. What kind of water fills the ocean? A. density
A. salt water B. temperature
B. fresh water
C. salinity
C. bottled water
D. none of above
D. tap water

6296. Which of the following areas is NOT one 6301. Water that flows along Earth’s surface
of the three main regions of the ocean to eventually return to the ocean is called
floor?
A. ocean floorbasin
B. continental margin
C. continentalrock
D. mid-ocean ridge

6297. Which ocean is the third largest ocean in


the world?
A. Arctic Ocean.
A. Runoff
B. Atlantic Ocean.
B. Storm drain
C. Indian Ocean.
D. Pacific Ocean. C. Surface water
E. Southern Ocean. D. Tributary

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 683

6302. In which layer of the ocean does temper- A. They stay very close to the continent
ature decrease most rapidly? (p. 418) where they are formed.

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A. Surface Layer B. They cycle between continents on op-
B. Thermocline posite sides of the oceans.
C. Bottom Layer C. They can only be found near the equa-
D. Temperature decreases at a steadily tor or near the poles.
at all depths D. They move east and west but do not
move north and south.
6303. Three percent of the water on Earth is
freshwater. Less than 0.5% of all the
6307. Identify the current labelled A in the fig-
freshwater on Earth is found
ure.
A. underground
B. in aquifers
C. in lakes and rivers
D. frozen, in ice caps and glaciers

6304. Upwelling is most likely to occur in what


area?
A. North Equatorial Current
B. North Pacific Current
C. Norwegian Current
D. South Equatorial Current
A. in the open ocean
B. in a shallow gulf 6308. The most common clouds in the mid-
dle atmosphere. You’ll recognize them as
C. along a coastline
white or gray patches that dot the sky in
D. both a and c are correct large, rounded masses or clouds that are
aligned in parallel bands.
6305. Which zone is completely dark, very
cold, has little life and immense pressure? A. Cumulus
A. sunlight B. Stratus
B. twilight C. Stratocumulus
C. midnight
D. Altocumulus
D. none of above
6309. Which of the following supports the the-
6306. Which of the following statements is
ory of seafloor spreading?
true regarding ocean currents?
A. Correlation of rock layers
B. Crustal Age
C. Magnetic Reversal
D. Continuous Mountain Chains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 684

6310. An aquifer is recharged by B. Gulf Stream Current


A. a spring or geyser C. Labrador Current
B. the water table D. North Pacific Current
C. surface water 6317. Which letter represents constructive in-
D. a well terference?
6311. This refers to the balancing of an object

NARAYAN CHANGDER
while it is floating
A. Bathymetry
B. Altimetry
C. Symmetry
D. Isostasy A. A
6312. Which mountain is taller? B. B
A. Mount Everest C. C
B. Mount Kea D. none of above

6313. Oceanography is considered one of the 6318. The islands bordering the deep-sea
fields of science. trenches
A. Oldest A. result from a series of quiet, continu-
ous basaltic eruptions.
B. Newest
B. are accumulations of sediments on the
C. Most Difficult
margins of the trenches.
D. Easiest
C. are formed from the activities of coral
6314. Where are coral reefs found? and other organisms.
A. Polar waters D. are explosive volcanoes that emit an-
desite lavas.
B. temperate, mid-latitude waters
C. tropical waters 6319. food chains support larger ocean an-
imals because water has more nutri-
D. only near volcanos
ents.
6315. When a wind current flows towards the A. Antarctic, Warmer
ocean from the land we call this a
B. Equatorial, Colder
A. land breeze
C. Antarctic, Colder
B. sea breeze
D. Equatorial, Warmer
C. high pressure zone
D. low pressure zone 6320. When quickly moving cold air pushes
warm air out of the way, the warm air
6316. What is the name of the warm ocean rises along the leading edge of the cold air.
current that flows along the east coast of This creates a line of storms called a squall
the US? line. This type storm is associated with a:
A. California Current A. warm front

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 685

B. stationary front A. Beebe Barton


C. occluded front B. Cousteau Gagnan

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D. cold front C. Cook Banks
6321. The fact that water can stick to other D. Walsh Piccard
substances is called:
6325. The amount of dissolved salts in a fixed
volume of seawater is referred to as
A. Nutrients
B. Dissolved gases
C. Organics
D. Salinity
A. Ph
B. Adhesion 6326. The German scientist who first pro-
posed the Theory of Continental Drift 100
C. Cohesion years ago?
D. Insulation A. Harry Hess
6322. Which of the following statements de- B. Penny Pangea
scribes a likely mission for the US Navy
C. Alfred Wegener
A. Breaking Icebergs and Ice sheets in
the Artic D. Gary Gondwana
B. To protecting marine life from overfish- 6327. Are corals an animal?
ing
A. Yes
C. Issue weather warning s when a trop-
ical storm is imminent B. No
D. power projection and maintaining free-
6328. Which of these describes the area imme-
dom of the seas.
diately below a water table?
6323. Oceanography is the Study of A. zone of aeration
A. all aspects of the ocean B. capillary zone
B. marine animals and plants
C. zone of saturation
C. how salty water is
D. recharge zone
D. only fish
6329. Which of the following is a source of dis-
6324. Who invented SCUBA?
solved substances in the ocean?
A. chemical weathering of rocks
B. evaporation of water from the ocean
C. excretions from marine organisms
D. melting icebergs and sea ice

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 686

6330. What are the causes of currents that we 6335. Because Glossopteris seeds cannot
learned so far? travel across the ocean and grow in warm,
swampy climates, these fossils are evi-
A. Temperature/ Salinity
dence of
B. Density
A. Pangea existing
C. Variations in salinity/ temperature
B. Continental Drift
throughout the ocean
C. changing climates
D. All of the answers are correct

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. all of the above
6331. Plankton are microscopic single-celled
oragnisms. 6336. The development of a new type of oil
rig?
A. True
A. Ocean Engineering
B. False
B. Physical
6332. While the “Dark Ages” period is known C. Chemical
for little scientific work for some, these
people were still exploring and discover- D. Biological
ing new places.
6337. Which part of a water molecule has a
A. The French, Germans, and Pacific Is- Positive Charge?
landers
B. The English, French and Norwegians
C. The Vikings, Arabs and Pacific Is-
landers
D. The Africans, Arabs and Italians

6333. Which TWO things cause the surface cur-


rent gyres to move as they do?
A. Wind
B. The rotation of the Earth (coriolis ef- A. The Hydrogen
fect)
B. The Oxygen
C. Differences in water density
C. The Top
D. Pollution from humans
D. The Bottom
E. Hydrothermal vents
6338. Which of the following commonly has
6334. Who invented the first magnetic com- a negative impact on the ocean environ-
pass? ment?
A. Greeks A. salinity
B. Polynesians B. chemical runoff
C. Chinese C. currents
D. Egyptians D. discarded plastic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 687

6339. Driven by differences in density B. Sonar


A. Surface Current C. Submersibles

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B. Deep Current D. Sonar and Submersibles
6340. What two parts of the ocean floor does E. Satellites, Sonar, and Submersibles
the continental slope connect?
6345. A major warm current in the Atlantic
A. continental rise and abyssal plain Ocean:
B. continental shelf and continental rise
A. Pacific Stream
C. ocean trench and abyssal plain
B. Arctic Stream
D. abyssal plain and continental shelf
C. Gulf Stream
6341. When colder water is pushed upward, it D. Antarctic Stream
is called
A. Upwelling 6346. Food webs indicate the transfer of
in an ecosystem.
B. Tidal surge
C. Oceanic swell A. biomass

D. Saline swell B. food


C. energy
6342. Upwelling is when deep ocean waters
rise to the surface. Upwelling will occur D. producers
if:
6347. What is the deepest point on Earth?
A. The dep water is saltier than the shal-
lower water A. Challenger Deep
B. The deep water is denser than the shal- B. HMS Challenger
lower water C. Mariana Deep
C. Wind blows the shallow water along D. Challenger Trench
the coast away from the coast
D. Wind blows the shallow water along 6348. heat and chemicals are from where in
the coast towards the coast. the earth?

6343. Scientist study to understand the in- A. interior


side of Earth B. exterior
A. sesame seeds C. middle
B. seismic waves D. top layer
C. sea waves
6349. What answer choice does NOT reflect
D. sand waves how the ozone layer is measured?
6344. Erika, Crumpton, Miki, Isabel, and Jorge A. balloons
are on a research expedition to study the
B. aircrafts
ocean floor. What technology would they
use to accomplish this task? C. space shuttles
A. Satellites D. ground-based locations

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 688

6350. What causes an increase in ocean salin- 6356. In 1932, what took Beebe & Barton to
ity? the deep sea to observe bioluminescent or-
A. an increase in evaporation ganisms?

B. glaciers melting A. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang


C. increased rainfall B. ROV
D. glaciers forming C. submarine

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6351. Choanocytes are also known as D. bathysphere
A. epithelial cells
B. amoeboid cells 6357. Most nutrients enter ocean water from
the
C. collar cells
D. pore cells A. land

6352. What is the cool, rigid, outer layer of B. ocean floor


Earth that is comprised of continental and C. aphotic zone
oceanic crusts and the uppermost mantle?
D. atomosphere
A. Upper mantle
B. Lithosphere 6358. Why aren’t rivers and lakes salty?
C. Asthenosphere
A. All the salt dissolves.
D. Lower mantle
B. Rain water carries salt away to the
6353. According to NASA, what is the average oceans.
annual sea level rise?
C. All salt forms in the ocean.
A. 5.4 mm
B. 3.4 mm D. Rivers carry salt from oceans to lakes.

C. 1.4 mm
6359. Mid-Ocean Ridges form through the pro-
D. 1.2 cm cess of what?
6354. What light is filtered out at 500 feet? A. Erosion
A. blue B. Seafloor Spreading
B. green
C. Volcanic Eruption
C. red
D. Earthquakes
D. black

6355. This organ in the phylum Osteichthyes 6360. What does “waxing” mean?
makes the fish bouyant.
A. growing
A. Swim bladder
B. shrinking
B. Lateral Line
C. Rows of Teeth C. lighted
D. A backbone D. dark

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 689

6361. A body of water that cuts into the land 6364. The depths of the ocean below 6, 000
that directly connects to a larger body of meters in the deep-ocean trenches
water often with a wider opening.

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A. mesopelagic zone
B. epipelagic zone
C. hadalpelagic zone
D. benthic zone
6365. What are the motives for European voy-
ages of discovery
A. economics
B. politics
C. religion
A. Gulf D. food trade
B. Bay 6366. How much of Earth is covered in water?
C. Harbor A. 50%
D. Strait B. 75%
6362. What is the term for when plants lose C. 97%
water to the atmosphere? D. 70%
A. Evaporation 6367. The study of oceanic life forms is:
B. Transpiration A. Geological Oceanography
C. Evapotranspiration B. Physical Oceanography
D. Hydroation C. Chemical Oceanography
D. Biological Oceanography
6363. According to your textbook (Wohlers
et al., 2006), what answer choice best 6368. Deep currents are caused mostly by
describes the difference between a re- changes in
newable resource and a nonrenewable re- A. salinity
source?
B. temperature
A. a renewable resource doesn’t involve
C. density
biological processes while a nonrenew-
able resource involves bio-productivity D. location
B. a renewable resource is a resource 6369. The diagram shows Earth at four differ-
that is replenished within a human lifes- ent locations around the sun.At which lo-
pan while a nonrenewable is not replen- cation is it summer in Earth’s North Hemi-
ished within a human lifespan sphere?
C. a renewable resource involves produc-
tivity such as fisheries and kelp harvesting
D. a nonrenewable resource involves bio-
productivity while a renewable resource
involves bio-productivity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 690

A. 1 6374. Who was the first person to circumnav-


B. 2 igate the Earth?
C. 3 A. Magellan
D. 4 B. Eratosthenes

6370. Sediments found on continental margins C. Christopher Columbus


are called D. Prince Henry
A. continental

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6375. What layer of the ocean has the most
B. estuarine water?
C. neritic A. Deep
D. pelagic
B. Transition Zone
6371. What does SCUBA stands for? C. Surface
D. Thermocline

6376. What causes tides in the oceans?


A. Ocean currents
B. Wind patterns
A. Self Controlled Underwater Breaking C. The Moon’s gravitational pull
Apparatus D. Underwater earthquakes
B. Self Controlled Underwater Breathing
Apparatus 6377. A landform that is completely sur-
rounded by water and runs parallel to the
C. Self Contained Underwater Breaking mainland is known as a(n)
Apparatus
A. baymouth bar
D. Self Contained Underwater Breathing
Apparatus B. spit

6372. The process that changes hydrogen to C. barrier island


helium in a star is called D. groin
A. radioactive decay
6378. Which of the following is NOT a
B. nuclear fusion biogenous sediment?
C. transformation A. manganese nodules
D. nebulization
B. calcareous ooze
6373. The zone where water enters the Ed- C. siliceous ooze
wards Aquifer through faults, fractures, or
sinkholes D. phosphate-rich material

A. artesian zone 6379. The Sun exerts twice the power on the
B. recharge zone tides than the Moon.
C. end zone A. true
D. contributing zone B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 691

6380. The Gulf Stream carries warm water 6386. Which soil would have the greatest cap-
to the North Atlantic Ocean, which con- illarity?
tributes

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A. to a warm water surface current that
flows along CA coast
B. to a mild climate for the British Isles
C. a cold water surface current that flows
to the British Isles
D. to a harsh winter in the British Isles A. sand (0.02 cm)
B. silt (0.002 cm)
6381. Changes related to El Nino ocean cur-
rents DO NOT affect the water C. clay (0.0002 cm)
A. True D. none of above

B. False 6387. Which of the following is NOT a geo-


graphic ocean?
6382. The Richter scale measures:
A. Southern Ocean
A. the amount of radon gas released B. Arctic Ocean
B. the movement of plates C. Pacific Ocean
C. the strength of an earthquake D. Caribbean Ocean
D. the weight of tectonic plates E. Atlantic Ocean

6383. Low pressure areas experience 6388. The main carrier of heat between the
warm tropics and the cold polar regions is
A. cool, clear weather
A. the atmosphere.
B. warm, cloudy, and stormy weather
B. ocean surface currents.
6384. 2 equal high and low tides per day each C. deep ocean currents.
6 hours and 12 1/2 minutes apart ex:east D. oil and natural gas tankers.
coast of U.S.
A. semi diurnal 6389. A movement of ocean water that fol-
lows a regular pattern
B. mixed
A. Tides
C. diurnal B. Waves
D. none of above C. Ocean Currents
6385. What two elements make up salt wa- D. none of above
ter? 6390. Underwater volcanic mountains
A. Sodium Chloride A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Sodium Salt B. Seamounts
C. Salt Chloride C. Abyssal Mounts
D. Potassium Chloride D. Basin Mounts

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 692

6391. The large, circular surface-current pat- C. 24 hours 13 minutes


tern found in each ocean produced by wind D. 4 hours 13 minutes
and the Coriolis effect
6396. What is the name of the tide with the
A. California Current
least difference between the water level
B. Upwelling during high and low tides?
C. Gyre A. high tide
D. Global Conveyor Belt B. low tide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6392. Younger sea floor crust is located C. spring tide
D. neap tide
A. farther from the mid-ocean ridges
B. at the mid ocean ridges 6397. The open ocean zone contains the
C. at the subduction zone A. euphotic zone.

D. near the continents B. In the bathyal zone.


C. abyssal zone.
6393. Which of the following is controlled by
D. all of the above
a remote?
A. HOV 6398. How does a wave change as it ap-
proaches shore?
B. ROV
A. wavelength increases, wave height de-
C. AUV creases.
D. all of the above B. wavelength decreases, wave height
decreases.
6394. An undergroundarea that holds water is
called C. wavelength decreases, wave height in-
creases.
D. wavelength increases, wave height in-
creases.
6399. Temperature, sunlight and oxygen are
examples of factors.
A. abiotic
B. biotic
6400. How does a chronometer help us under-
A. Permeable stand the oceans?
B. Aquifer A. Keeping accurate time helps us know
C. Groundwater latitude
D. Aeration B. Keeping accurate time lets us know
when dinner is
6395. How much time passes between each
C. Keeping accurate time lets us know
tide?
longitude
A. 6 hours 13 minutes D. Keeping accurate time let us know
B. 12 hours 25 minutes when we are on the equator

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 693

6401. According to your textbook (Wohlers et C. Non-point, acid rain


al., 2006), what answer choice best de- D. Non-point, pesticides and fertilizers
scribes nonrenewable energy?

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A. coal energy 6407. Charles Darwin proposed the , and
was actually a marine biologist who spe-
B. oil energy cialized in studying barnacles:
C. natural gas energy A. cell theory
D. ALL of the answer choices listed B. theory of evolution
6402. Water is known as the because of C. biogenesis theory
its ability to dissolve substances. D. plate tectonics theory
A. Liquefaction factor
6408. Choose the correct option
B. Universal heat sink
C. Universal solvent
D. Universal refrigerant

6403. What is the vertical distance between a


trough and a crest?
A. wave height
B. wavelength A. Trench
C. wave speed B. Abyss
D. wave period C. Continental Shelf
D. Continental slope
6404. Cosmogenic?
A. made from chemical precipitates in the 6409. Which is more dense Jell-O or H20?
sea water A. Jello-O
B. from the shells and bones of living B. H20
things
6410. Which zone is covered with water at
C. from the land, travels down streams
high tide and exposed at low tide?
and rivers to the ocean
A. intertidal
D. very fine sediment from outer space
origins B. neritic
E. sediments from volcanic activity C. oceanic
D. benthic
6405. Colder water
E. aphotic
A. hold MORE dissolved oxygen
B. holds LESS dissolved oxygen 6411. How do ocean currents influence global
weather phenomena and climate patterns?
6406. What type of pollution comes from a A. They have no impact on weather and
Farm? climate.
A. point, acid rain B. They only influence ocean tempera-
B. point, pesticides and fertilizers tures.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 694

C. They redistribute heat and moisture, C. 1.1


affecting weather and climate patterns.
D. 8.1
D. They cause hurricanes and typhoons.
6416. a strong flow of water outward from a
6412. What did Matthew Fontaine Maury do beach
to contribute to oceanography as a sci-
ence? A. longshore current

A. Created a published work to show B. rip current

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sailors how to use ocean currents and C. longshore transport
wind to significantly shorten the length of
their voyages D. littoral drift

B. Created a published work to show E. swell


sailors how to use the correct maneuvers
to captain a ship 6417. Looping currents in the southern hemi-
sphere form gyres that travel in a clock-
C. Created a published work to show wise direction.
sailors how to use ocean currents and
wind to lengthen their voyages A. true
D. He was appointed to captain during B. false
the Civil War and went ot England to ac-
quire warships and supplies. 6418. The layers of the atmosphere that get
hotter with increased altitude are the
6413. The main difference between ocean wa-
A. thermosphere and mesosphere
ter and lake water is that ocean water con-
tains B. troposphere and mesosphere
A. oxygen C. thermosphere and stratosphere
B. salt D. stratosphere and mesosphere
C. algae
6419. Predictable wind patterns which ships
D. plants used to cross the ocean for exploration and
trade.
6414. What is the name of the superconti-
nent proposed by Alfred Wegener, which A. Jet streams
he suggested had once existed and then B. Trade winds
broke apart?
C. Doldrums
A. Gondwanaland
D. Ship winds
B. Pangaea
C. Laurasia 6420. Which of the following is the largest
D. Family ocean on Earth?
A. Atlantic Ocean
6415. What would be a typical pH for seawa-
ter? B. Indian Ocean
A. 9.1 C. Pacific Ocean
B. 10.1 D. Southern Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 695

6421. What type of water is the least dense? B. when particles move across the floor
A. warm water, high salinity of the ocean transferring the energy to
the water

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. warm water, low salinity
C. when wind blows across the surface of
C. cold water, low salinity the water transferring their energy
D. cold water, high salinity D. when small circles move across the
surface of the water transferring their en-
6422. Neap tides occur on:
ergy to water
A. Quarter moons
6427. What types of currents are driven by
B. Full moons
wind?
C. New moons
A. Thermohaline
D. New and Full moons
B. Electrical
6423. The water in deep currents is very C. Deep Ocean
dense, which is why it is at the bottom
D. Surface
of the ocean. Therefore, the water must
be 6428. The great Pacific garbage patch covers
A. Cold with high salinity an area of:
B. Cold with low salinity A. 1.6 million square kilometers
C. Warm with high salinity B. 500 square kilometers
D. Warm with low salinity C. 10 square kilometers
D. 4.6 billion square kilometers
6424. If 10, 000 kilograms of seawater evap-
orates, how many kg. of salt would be 6429. What is the purpose of a plankton net?
left behind
A. To use plankton to record depth
A. 3.5 kg
B. To measure plankton
B. 35 kg
C. To use plankton to accurately measure
C. 350 kg sea level
D. 3500 kg D. To collect plankton

6425. A steep drop after the continental shelf 6430. Who was a British navigator, and car-
is the continental tographer? He was also a captain in the
A. slope Royal Navy.

B. shelf A. James Cook

C. rise B. Matthew Maury

D. none of above C. Charles Darwin


D. William Beebe
6426. How do waves form?
A. when fish move across the surface of 6431. At which location are oceans the deep-
the water transferring the energy to the est?
water A. Mid-ocean ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 696

B. Abyssal plain 6437. What is Seafloor Spreading


C. Ocean trench A. The process of forming new oceanic
D. Volcanic island crust through volcanic activity and its
movement towards the subduction zone.
6432. Volcanic projections from the ocean B. The process of forming new oceanic
floor that do not rise above sea level crust through tectonic plate collision and
A. island arcs its movement towards the mid-ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. seamounts ridge.

C. abyssal plains C. The process of forming new oceanic


crust through volcanic activity and its
D. hydrothermal vents movement away from the mid-ocean
6433. If the Gulf Stream stopped flowing, ridge.
which environmental change would most D. The process of forming new continen-
likely occur? tal crust through volcanic activity and its
A. more reefs would develop in the wa- movement towards the mid-ocean ridge.
ters near the eastern Greenland coastline
6438. What technology allowed scientists to
B. water temperatures in the Northern make many discoveries about the shape of
Atlantic Ocean would be much hotter the ocean floor?
C. land masses in the Northern Atlantic A. Radar
Ocean would have colder climates
B. X ray
D. most of Europe would be flooded be-
cause of rising sea levels C. Sonar
D. Rebar
6434. Why is salt water heavier than fresh
water? 6439. When the Sun and the Moon are at right
A. because it has salt in it angles, the tide is weaker. What is the
name of this tide?
B. because it has chlorine
A. Springly
6435. Closed, circular surface currents are
B. Springest
known as
C. Neap
A. Eddys
B. Gyres D. Never

C. Thermohaline circulation 6440. What is NOT one of the five main ocean
D. Global conveyor belt gyres?
A. South Pacific
6436. What is the cause of most ocean surface
currents? B. Indian
A. gravity C. South Atlantic
B. the wind D. East Pacific
C. the moon 6441. The deep ocean environment is gener-
D. upwelling ally low in oxygen because of its proximity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 697

from the sources of this gas. (the atmo- 6444. How do the oceans impact human health
sphere and photic zone). and well-being?

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A. True A. The oceans have no impact on human
B. False health and well-being
B. The oceans only impact human health
6442. A semi-enclosed area where fresh wa- through positive factors
ter from a river meets salty water from
the ocean. C. Human health and well-being are not
affected by the oceans
D. The oceans impact human health
and well-being through factors such as
ocean pollution, seafood consumption,
and recreational activities.
A. watershed 6445. Salt Marshes have low oxygen levels
B. groundwater A. True
C. ocean
B. False
D. estuary
6446. What is a transform plate boundary?
6443. Why is farmers digging around in
A. where two plates are pulling apart
search of aquifers for groundwater a bad
idea/unsustainable? B. where two plates are coming together
C. where two plates are moving past one
another
D. a type of fine china
Explanation:

6447. The is a surface current that flows


along the eastern US and brings warm wa-
ter to Europe.
A. California Current
A. It’s a costly process and can have a
huge impact on the agricultural industry B. Gulf Current
B. It’s a cheap process and can have a C. North American Gyre
huge impact on the agricultural industry D. Arctic Current
C. Groundwater is a valuable resource in
the U.S. only and farmers will not have 6448. the vertical distance between crest and
a problem with needing water for their trough is called
crops A. wavelength
D. Groundwater is a valuable resource B. wave height
throughout the world and farmers will not
have a problem with needing water for C. wave period
their crops D. wave speed

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 698

6449. True or False:Sea-floor Spreading adds 6454. What is the continental shelf?
new material to the ocean floor? A. the land between the continental shelf
A. True and the ocean floor.
B. False B. underwater land along the edge of the
continents.
6450. What is the name of the most abundant
salt in ocean water? 6455. What did the Polynesians used to navi-
gate the oceans?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Potassium Chloride
A. Compass
B. Sodium Chloride
B. North Star
C. Sulfate
C. Southern Cross
D. Magnesium Chloride
D. Big Dipper
6451. Which explanation best describes the
development of a wave? 6456. How much of the planet is water?

A. air mixes with water to make a wave A. 25%

B. friction between moving air and under- B. 50%


lying water imparts energy and causes a C. 70%
circular motion of water, but the energy
D. 90%
moves a great distance
C. friction between moving air and un- 6457. Upwelling is associated with
derlying water imparts energy causing
the water to move horizontally great dis-
tances
D. wind blows water along in one direc-
tion and moves it great distances

6452. What is oscillation?


A. cycles affecting the surface temp of
the sea.
A. a decrease in access to nutrients for
B. the rising temperature of the differ- phytoplankton
ence between the tides.
B. cooler, nutrient-rich waters being
C. the distance between the wavelenghts pushed up from deeper ocean waters
D. all of the above C. temperature gradients moving water
from the equator to the poles
6453. In the Northern hemisphere, the coriolis
effect causes wind to deflect to the D. an increase in human fatalities

A. North 6458. the lithosphere is composed of


B. South A. the crust and the upper mantle
C. East B. the asthenosphere and the crust
D. West C. the crust and the core

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 699

D. the outer core and inner core.

Explanation:

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6459. Which of the following are characteris-
tics of the lines of longitude on a map? A. Primary Producers
B. Primary Consumers
A. Range from 0-90 degrees
C. Secondary Consumers
B. An example is the Equator
D. Tertiary Consumers
C. Represents how far north or south
D. Represents how far east or west 6465. Deep cut (canyon) in the continental
slope and shelf
6460. How far is 20, 000 leagues? A. Seamounts
A. 33, 000 feet deep B. Submarine Canyons
B. 120, 000 miles across the artic C. Volcanoes
C. 72, 000 nautical miles D. Rift Valley
D. 66 nautical miles 6466. The land area that drains a particular set
of streams and rivers is called a
6461. The deepest part of the ocean is the
A. watershed
A. Peru Chile Trench
B. drainage hectare
B. Puerto Rican Trench C. acre
C. Marianas Trench D. woodland
D. none of above
6467. An earthquake causes a tsunami be-
6462. This region is very stable and consist cause force from the quake?
of cold water that is deeper than 1000m A. meets the force of currents flowing in
called? a different direction.
A. Surface B. Blows surface water away from the
shore.
B. Tidepools
C. Pulls water down toward the source of
C. Deep the quake.
D. thermocline D. Pushes a large body of water up from
the ocean floor.
6463. Earth is known as the “red planet” be-
cause approximately 71 percent of its sur- 6468. What is the best definition of an estu-
face is covered by oceans. ary?
A. true A. A body of water containing only salt
water
B. false
B. A body of water containing only fresh
6464. Choose the correct option water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 700

C. A trapped underground reservoir of C. Continental Rise


fresh water D. Abyssal Plain
D. An area where freshwater and salt wa-
6473. Which greenhouse gas is responsible for
ter mix together
global warming?
E. An area near the coast where cold wa-
A. Nitrogen dioxide gas
ter rises and mixes with warm water near
the surface B. Hydrogen gas
C. Carbon dioxide gas

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6469. deep ocean currents are caused mainly
by- D. Oxygen gas
A. underwater earthquakes 6474. a steep-sided valley cut into the sea
B. wind floor of the continental slope
A. Continental Shelf
C. the gravitational pull of the sun and
moon B. Submarine Canyon
D. density differences C. Seamount
D. Abyssal Plain
6470. Crust is neither created nor destroyed
at which types of plate boundaries? 6475. This collects layers of sediment from the
A. Transform ocean floor

B. Convergent A. buoy
B. grab sampler
C. Divergent
C. gravity corer
D. Rift Valleys
D. sonar
6471. Sharks, dolphins, turtles, and other free
swimmers are classified as 6476. marine organisms that are “cold
blooded”
A. exothermic
B. ectothermic
C. endothermic
D. none of above
6477. Large circular movements of water in
between the continents.
A. plankton
B. nekton
C. benthos
D. rethos

6472. The steeply inclined section of the conti-


nental margin
A. Continental Shelf A. Gyres
B. Continental Slope B. Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 701

6478. The property of seawater used in RE- A. B


FRACTOMETERS to measure salinity is
B. C

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A. density.
C. D
B. electrical conductivity.
C. optical refraction. D. E
D. heat capacity.
6483. high point of a wave
6479. A shrimp that eats phytoplankton
would be considered A. crest
A. Primary Producer B. trough
B. Primary Consumer C. amplitude
C. Secondary Consumer
D. wavelength
D. Tertiary Consumer
6480. Spot the rip current: 6484. Precipitation, melting ice, and runoff
salinity
A. increase
B. decrease

6485. Surface currents are caused by ,


A. A while deep-water currents are caused by

B. B
A. convection; underwater earthquakes
C. C
D. none of above B. wind; density differences

6481. What is the MAIN cause of Earth’s C. wind; human influences


tides?
D. density differences; wind
A. The moon’s gravitational pull on
Earth’s waters. 6486. When water , dew forms.
B. The sun’s gravitational pull on Earth’s
waters. A. Melts

C. Wind blowing across the ocean’s sur- B. Evaporates


face.
C. Condenses
D. The differences in densities of ocean
water. D. Precipitates

6482. Which letter is the Abyssal Plain?


6487. The actual salinity of the oceans is high-
est near the polar regions.
A. true
B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 702

6488. Choose the correct option A. Longshore currents


B. Nearshore currents
C. Rip currents
D. Undertow

6492. A steep incline leading down from the


edge of the continental shelf

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Continental Slope
B. COntinental Drift
C. Continental Rift
D. none of above

A. most colonial 6493. A subdivision of the bentic zone charac-


B. most solitary terized by extremely high pressures, low
temperatures, low oxygen, few nutrients,
6489. True or False? The trade winds coming and no sunlight
from the south and the north meet near A. Abyssal Zone
the ITCZ equator.
B. Photic Zone
A. True
C. Pelagic Zone
B. False
D. Continental Margin
6490. The picture below is of a(n) event.
6494. Where convection occurs.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

6495. Choose the correct option


A. Non-El Nino (Normal)
B. The boy
C. The girl
D. none of above
6491. The currents that flows along the coast-
line when waves run into the shore at an
angle
A. Echo Sounding
B. Current Meter
C. GPS
D. Hydrophone
E. Secchi Disk

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 703

6496. Scientists use to learn about the A. They converge at the poles
ocean. B. They are cool

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A. eyes C. They are vertical lines
B. sounds D. They are parallel
C. hands
6502. Most of the gravel and sand deposits in
D. taste Virginia are found in which region?
6497. This causes surface currents A. Coastal Plain
A. Gravity B. Piedmont
B. Wind C. Valley & Ridge
C. Coriolis Effect D. Blue Ridge
D. Density Differences
6503. Which of the following is the phase of
6498. The vertical difference between high the Moon that immediately preceding the
tide and low tide is called Full Moon phase?
A. tidal range A.
B. neap tide B.
C. spring tide C.
D. tidal difference D.
6499. Tides are created by the interactions be- 6504. Check all of the following that are all
tween traits of marine life to blend in or identify
A. earth and moon their own species easily:
B. earth, moon and sun A. Color contrast
C. earth and sun B. Camouflage
D. earth’s rotation C. Territoriality
D. Disruptive Coloration
6500. Which of the following is NOT a factor
used to divide the ocean into distinct ma- 6505. The tidal areas and beaches would in-
rine life zones? clude this layer of the benthic division?
A. availability of sunlight A. Littoral
B. water depth B. Sub-Littoral
C. distance from shore C. Abyssal
D. latitude D. none of above
6501. What is the reason why latitude lines 6506. What is the MAIN cause of surface cur-
NEVER intersect? rents?
A. wind
B. salinity
C. temperature
D. density

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 704

6507. Who holds the record for the deepest 6512. The crust is mainly made up of light
dive in history? elements.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 2
D. 8

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6513. Which of the following is NOT true of
global sea level?
A. Jacques Cousteau on Calypso
B. Sylvia Earle on Deep Rover A. Tectonic forces cannot affect global
sea level.
C. Robert Ballard on ALVIN
D. Piccard and Walsh on Trieste B. Average global sea level is rising today
by 1 to 2 mm per year.
6508. The Gulf Stream is
C. Global sea level can rise in response
A. slow and cold to the melting of glaciers.
B. slow and warm
D. none of above
C. fast and cold
D. fast and warm 6514. What is the most abundant salt found in
ocean water?
6509. A region on Earth that leaves a tidal
bulge will experience a (a) A. Calcium sulfate
A. high tide B. Potassium sulfate
B. a low tide C. Sodium chloride
C. tsunami
D. Magnesium chloride
D. heat wave
E. microburst 6515. To which group of mollusks does this
F. algal bloom squid belong?

6510. Seas are?


A. Low salt content water bodies
B. High salt content water bodies
C. Smaller areas of salty water.
D. Areas of water engulfed by land.
6511. The amount of open space in a rock is
A. cephalopods
A. permeability
B. bivalve
B. porosity
C. proximity C. gastropod
D. prosperous D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 705

6516. The rise and fall in sea level caused by B. Ice from Comets
gravity C. Tide

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A. Current D. Salinity
B. Breaker
6522. What is the deadliest thing to watch out
C. Tide for in a hurricane?
D. Wave A. Flying debris
6517. Seabirds are endotherms, while sea rep- B. Tornadoes
tiles usually are ectotherms. C. Wind Speeds
A. True D. Storm Surge/Flooding
B. False 6523. seamount
6518. When HAB’s go unchecked, it can lead A. underwater atoll
to this type of environment, where there B. underwater volcano
are no resources, or oxygen left.
C. underwater island
A. Plankton Bloom D. underwater hot spring
B. Eutrophied
6524. Check all the sea mammals below.
C. Flourishing
A. Whale
D. none of above
B. Dolphin
6519. Deep-water circulation brings dense, C. Blue Whale
cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface
D. Starfish
to the deep ocean because of
A. greater dissolution of oxygen in colder 6525. Where would the oldest rock be found?
water than warmer water
B. increases in pH with depth
C. decreases in pH with depth
D. greater rates of photosynthesis in A. L (closest to the mid-ocean ridge)
deep water
B. M
6520. Which of the following features are as- C. N
sociated with mid-ocean ridges?
D. O (close to the continents)
A. Ocean trenches
6526. What is upwelling?
B. Abyssal plains
A. when wind moves cold surface waters
C. Hydrothermal vents
away from the equator or the coasts of
D. Continental shelves continents.
6521. The most likely way the oceans formed. B. when wind moves warm surface wa-
Water was trapped inside the earth when ters away from the equator or the coasts
the earth formed, and escaped to the sur- of continents.
face through C. When waters stays still
A. Outgassing from Volcanoes D. When water sinks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 706

6527. the part of the ocean that begins at the 6533. The H.M.S. Challenger, Glomar Chal-
end of the continental margin lenger and Challenger Space Shuttle are all
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge related because they were

B. Continental Margin
C. Ocean Trench
A. names after the same person
D. Deep-Ocean Basin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6528. What are the organelles inside the sting-
ing cells that inject paralyzing toxins into B. the first scientific expeditions
their prey?
A. pinacocytes
B. lysomatocyts C. all ships used to study the ocean floor
C. choanocytes
D. nematocysts
D. all tragedies at sea
6529. Select all that apply:Which sediment
will dominate the abyssal plain?
A. Terrigenous
B. Biogenous
C. Hydrogenous
6534. Different water samples’ salinity can be
D. Volcanogenic seen below. Select the one that would be
E. Cosmogenic most dense based on its salinity.

6530. The study of weather


A. Precipitation A. 100 ppt
B. Meteorology
C. Weatherology
D. Climatology B. 10 ppt

6531. How do scientists use sonar to study


Earth’s oceans
C. 1 ppt
A. To map ocean currents
B. To map the ocean floor
C. To measure water density
D. 1000 ppt
D. To measure underwater earthquakes

6532. Determines the speed with which


waves move through deep water
A. wave length
B. wave height 6535. Choose the correct option

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 707

A. Nansen Bottle

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B. Niskin Bottle

C. Reversible Thermometer

D. Sin

E. Temperature and Depth Recorder

6536. Chemosynthesis occurs in bacteria living


in with giant tubeworms.

A. parasitic relationship

B. mutualistic relationship

C. symbiosis

D. predator-prey relationship

6537. Name the feature for G

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 708

6542. Made of oceanic crust. It’s the area be-


yond the continental rise.
A. Continental Margin
B. Ocean Basin
A. seamount
6543. Which of these branches of science is
B. trench NOT related to oceanography?
C. mid-ocean ridge A. aquaculture

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. continental shelf B. meteorology
6538. What is Upwelling? (choose best an- C. energy management
swer) D. coastal engineering
A. Vertical movement of cold, nutrient-
rich water to surface 6544. Organisms that consume autotrophs are
called
B. A type of well
A. Carnivores
C. Vertical movement of surface water
B. Heterotrophs
downward in water column
C. Secondary consumers
D. A place in the ocean that wells up and
sometimes down D. Secondary producers

6539. The mid-ocean ridge is formed from 6545. The largest wind-generated waves tend
(HINT:think of volcanoes) to be associated with the
A. Cooled and hardened rock A. westerlies
B. Layers of sediment B. equatorial doldrums
C. Salinity C. polar regions
D. Earth’s rotation D. horse latitudes

6540. Both the moon and sun create tides. 6546. The is bottom of the wave.
Why does the moon have a greater effect? A. amplitude
A. the moon is a solid B. crest
B. the moon is larger than the sun C. period
C. the moon is farther from the Earth D. trough
D. the moon is closer to the Earth
6547. Identify the acronym that applies:It is a
6541. What is another name for geological manned submarine that is self-propelled.
oceanography? A. AUV
A. Ocean Engineering B. CTD
B. Marine Biology C. DSV
C. Marine Geology D. REMUS
D. Oceanography E. UUV

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 709

6548. What is the average salinity of our 6553. Lines that measure time and measure
ocean? how far east and west of the Prime Merid-
ian

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A. 3.5%
B. 2.5% A. latitude
C. 3.0% B. equatorial line
D. 2.0% C. lines in the sand

6549. The average salinity of the ocean is D. longitude


ppt.
6554. What does an ocean’s salinity refer to?
A. 45
A. the depth of the ocean trenches.
B. 35
B. the height of the waves.
C. 2
C. the temperature level of the water.
D. 15
D. the level of minerals in the water.
6550. Upwelling brings
A. warm water to the surface so there 6555. What symbolizes a trench?
are coral reefs
B. cold water east to west across the Pa-
cific
C. nutrients to the surface so there is a
lot of life
A. 3
D. all of the above
B. 5
6551. What letter is B?
C. 6
D. 7

6556. The largest of Earth’s ocean is the


A. Atlantic
A. Cont. Shelf
B. Pacific
B. Cont. Slope
C. Indian
C. Cont. Rise
D. Arctic
D. Seamount

6552. Ocean water is more dense than fresh 6557. The number of organisms present in the
water at the same temperature due to dif- surface water above the ocean floor is
ferences in: called

A. Wind patterns A. destruction


B. Lifeforms B. dilution
C. Currents C. ecology
D. Salinity D. productivity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 710

6558. Most of the world ocean has the tem-


perature properties of
A. the mixed layer.
B. the main thermocline.
C. the deep and bottom waters. A. Salt
D. the compensation depth. B. Water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6559. This fish leaves the ocean and returns C. Heat
to the stream where it was born to lay its D. Oxygen
eggs.
6564. Currents that are powered by wind are
A. Cod
called currents
B. Salmon
A. Deep Water
C. Blanket Ray B. Continent
D. Whale Shark C. Density
6560. Which institute offers internships to D. Surface
both college students and graduates?
6565. Demand for which of the following re-
A. Scripps Institute of Oceanography sources has skyrocketed in recent years?
B. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- A. Manganese nodules and crusts
ministration
B. Gas hydrates
C. Ocean Exploration Trust
C. Sand and gravel
D. Harbor Branch Oceanic Institute D. Phosphorite
6561. Coasts on which terrestrial influences E. Rare-earth elements
dominate are classified as
6566. What happens to temperature as we
A. primary coast. move from the crust to the inner core?
B. secondary coast. A. Decreases
C. eustatic coast. B. Increases
D. remnant coast. C. Nothing

6562. What is the only major surface current D. none of above


not interrupted or deflected by running in 6567. Choose the correct option
to a continent?
A. North Equatorial Current
B. Gulf Stream Current
C. Antarctic Circumpolar Current
D. Equatorial Counter Current

6563. Ocean currents move energy in the form


of A. Sea of Japan

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 711

B. Sea of Okhotsk 6573. What organisms drive virtually all


oceanic ecosystems?
C. South China Sea

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A. Zooplankton and Phytoplankton
D. Tasman Sea
B. Dogs and cats
E. Yellow Sea
C. jellyfish and orcas
6568. The hydrogen atoms in water molecules D. students and teachers
tend to bond to
6574. In what direction does an undertow
A. each other flow?
B. oxygen atoms of other water A. same direction as the wave
molecules
B. right angles to the wave
C. hydrogen atoms of other water
C. parallel to the wave
molecules
D. opposite direction as the wave
D. all positively charged ions
6575. The Cousteau Societies ship that utilizes
6569. Heating up gases in a container causes a “turbo sail” to supplement the propul-
air pressure to sion system.
A. increase A. Kingfisher
B. decrease B. Alvin
C. FLIP
6570. Which is not a way we classify plankton
D. Trieste
A. Size
B. Plant or Animal 6576. Identify the two (2) main dissolved com-
ponents in water:
C. If they are plankton their whole lives
A. Already
D. Where in the ocean they live
B. Cl
6571. What happens to water when it is dis- C. Mg
solved with carbon dioxide? D. Ca
A. it becomes more acidic E. K
B. it becomes more basic 6577. Which is the benthic zone?
C. it becomes healthier to drink
D. it turns into coal

6572. The vaporization of water.


A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation A. F
D. Vaporization B. G

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 712

C. C A. True
D. D B. False
E. E 6583. Which is the primary cause of surface
6578. Prepared a world map in 450 BC that winds on Earth?
showed 3 continents surrounded by a vast A. Unequal heating of the Earth
ocean B. Deflection in prevailing winds caused
A. Bartholomew Diaz by the coriolis effect.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The Phoenicians C. Rotational speeds of Earth’s surface at
various latitudes.
C. The Vikings
D. none of above
D. Herodotus
6584. The light that penetrates this ocean
6579. The very earliest forms of life probably
zone is extremely faint.
A. dark zone
A. required an external food supply
B. trenches
B. manufactured their own food by photo-
synthesis C. sunlit zone
C. manufactured their own food by D. abyss
chemosynthesis E. twilight zone
D. were similar to anaerobic bacteria
6585. Choose the best answer choice that does
6580. A zone in which the ocean’s temperature NOT describe the source of marine debris.
increases rapidly with increasing depth is A. land-based sources
called:
B. waterway / ocean-based sources
A. a halocline.
C. people from all over the world
B. a metacline.
D. people living in coastal regions
C. a pycnocline.
6586. Choose the answer choices that is NOT
D. a thermocline.
one of the six principal steps in strato-
6581. Estuaries are areas where freshwater spheric ozone depletion.
and saltwater mix. Estuaries are vital A. Emissions
to the ecosystem because they have high B. Chemical Reaction
amounts of
C. Combustion
A. Dissolved oxygen
D. Transport
B. Salinity
C. Algae blooms 6587. Why is the Dead Sea so salty?
D. Biodiversity A. Water evaporates quickly in the hot,
arid climate
6582. True or False:The pycnocline can be re- B. Fresh water is being added often
ferred to as a halocline or thermocline de-
pending on what characteristics of water C. Lots of fish have died in there
are changing. D. People visit and pour salt into it

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 713

6588. Which words are connected with 6594. One of the reasons that free oxygen in
oceanography? our atmosphere is important to the devel-
opment and maintenance of life on Earth is

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. terminator, nebula, conjunction
because oxygen
B. shore, trade wind, salt content
A. combines with iron in volcanic rocks
C. plates, tectonic movement, rock cycle
B. can form ozone and block some UV ra-
D. none of above diation
6589. Which one is not an ocean? C. is necessary for photosynthesis to oc-
cur
A. Pacific
D. reduces atmospheric temperature
B. Atlantic
C. Etiwanda 6595. Which is the correct order of the den-
sities of the states of water from MOST
D. Indian DENSE to LEAST DENSE?
6590. Which zone has the warmest water tem- A. Ice, water, water vapor
perature? B. water, water vapor, ice
A. sunlight C. ice, water vapor, water
B. twilight D. water, ice, water vapor
C. midnight
6596. Select the answer choice that best de-
D. none of above scribes if reductions of ODs under the Mon-
treal Protocol also protect Earth’s climate.
6591. The Vikings discovered and Green-
land. A. no, because the ozone layer is not in-
volved in climate change
A. Europe
B. no, the Montreal Protocol has not led
B. The Atlantic Ocean to a substantial reduction in the emissions
C. Iceland of ODSs over the last two decades
D. gold C. yes, because ozone-depleting sub-
stances are also greenhouse gases that
6592. Which layer of the ocean starts at 600 contribute to climate forcing when they ac-
feet and extends to 3000 feet? cumulate in the atmosphere
A. sunlight D. Earth’s climate is not related to the
B. twilight ozone layer
C. midnight 6597. This person has the deepest solo dive at
D. none of above 1250 feet

6593. How many continents are there?


A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 714

A. Jacques Cartier 6603. Based on these climographs, which of


B. Jacques Cousteau these cities would you describe as having
a maritime climate?
C. Sylvia Earle
D. Robert Ballard
6598. What percentage of the ocean floor has
been mapped and explored?
A. 30%

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mbandaka
B. 5%
B. Charleston
C. 20%
C. Yakutsk
D. 10%
D. none of above
6599. What is the boundary separating the
less dense surface water from the denser 6604. is a term used to describe the dis-
deep ocean water? solved salt content of a substance.
A. Pycnocline A. salinity
B. Thermocline B. temperature
C. Isocline C. convection
D. Incline D. surface current
6600. What did the Titanic hit in the Atlantic
6605. Which of the following increases salin-
Ocean that caused it to sink?
ity?
A. dolphin
A. Precipitation
B. another ship
B. Evaporation
C. iceberg
D. none of above 6606. Where trenches do not exist, the steep
continental slope merges into a more grad-
6601. What answer choice best describes Ein- ual incline known as the continental
stein’s explanation of the Photoelectric Ef-
A. abyss
fect?
A. it led to the discovery of hydroelectric B. zone
energy C. rise
B. it led to the discovery of wind energy D. rift
C. it led to the discovery of geothermal
6607. What two factors cause wave refrac-
energy
tion:
D. it led to the discovery of solar energy
A. Drag along the bottom, differential
6602. Chemosynthesis occurs in speed along the crest
A. bacteria B. Drag along the bottom, size of the
B. plants headland
C. hydrothermal vents C. Size of the headland, wind speed
D. the mid-ocean ridge D. Wave period, wind speed

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 715

6608. Which of the following is the most ad- C. magnesium chloride


vanced technology used to collect sediment D. sodium chloride
samples from the deep ocean?

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A. Dredge 6614. What answer choice best describes the
oil time-consuming cleanup method that
B. Gravity corer
uses microorganisms to remove toxins or
C. Rotary corer harmful substances?
D. Six disks A. Chemical Stabilization by Elastomizers
6609. Comes from the words ‘heat’ and ‘salt’ B. Natural Recovery
A. thermohaline C. Bioremediation
B. salinity D. Manual Labor
C. density E. Dispersants
D. temperature
6615. This is an image of how upwelling oc-
6610. Which is the layer in which the temper- curs. Upwelling is important to organisms
ature changes rapidly with depth because
A. Ocean floor
B. Tectonic plate
C. Thermocline
D. none of above

6611. Which type of tide consists of 2 uneven


high tides and 2 uneven low tides in the
course of one 24-hour period? A. when local wind patterns blow along
A. Diurnal the north west coast, they cause local
surface currents to move away from the
B. Semidiurnal shore.
C. Mixed Semidiurnal B. upwelling causes warm water to flow
D. None of these to the British Isles and creates a mild cli-
mate there.
6612. Mineral-rich water, heated by newly
formed oceanic crust, escapes through C. upwelling brings nutrients to the sur-
cracks in the ocean floor called face of the ocean to support the growth
of phytoplankton and zooplankton.
A. nodules
D. none of above
B. rifts
C. hydrothermal vents 6616. Very flat regions of Earth, part of the
D. trenches deep ocean
A. Mid-ocean ridge
6613. What is the most abundant salt in the
sea? B. deep-ocean basin
A. calcium chloride C. Abyssal Plain
B. potassium chloride D. Trench

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 716

6617. Which province of Virginia is both East 6622. The first life forms on Earth arose:
of the Valley and Ridge AND West of the A. More than 3.5 billion years ago.
Piedmont?
B. At the same time as the formation of
the Earth.
C. Relatively recently about 250, 000,
000 years ago.
D. About 10, 000 years ago.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6623. Tropical Organisms are designed to float
A. the Coastal Plain more than polar ones.
B. the Blue Ridge A. True
C. The Northern Neck B. False
D. the Fall Line 6624. This ocean is found in the northern hemi-
6618. What is a HAB? sphere; is the coldest and is 7% the size
of the Pacific Ocean.
A. Harmful Algal Bloom
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Heterotrophic Algae
B. Arctic Ocean
6619. Salinity is the amount of in the C. Indian Ocean
ocean.
D. Atlantic Ocean
A. Carbon Dioxide
B. Oxygen 6625. The city of Surprise, Arizona converts
raw sewage into reclaimed water through
C. Nitrogen
filtering and disinfection. Most of Sur-
D. Salt prise’s reclaimed water is use for agricul-
tural irrigation, dus control, and recharg-
6620. Which of the following regarding the im-
ing the aquifer. Approximately 3.2 million
age are TRUE? (Mark all that apply.)
gallons per day are reused. What is one
A. Life most likely started here. environmental benefit of reclaiming waste
B. Photosynthesis is the primary form of water?
production here. A. It reduces the demand for ground wa-
C. These locations are found near mid- ter
ocean ridges. B. it is less expensive than purified
D. The water here is incredibly hot. ground water
C. it keeps golf courses and landscape
6621. Which of the following tides is the low-
grasses green
est and occurs near the times of the first
and third quarter phases of the Moon? D. it can b used during water restrictions
in a drought.
A. Fall
B. Spring 6626. What causes rogue waves?
C. Neap A. earthquakes
D. Luna B. tornados

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 717

C. winds or currents
D. typhoons

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6627. Houston relies heavily on its aquifer as
a source of drinking water
A. True
A. nonpoint source pollution
B. False
B. wastewater
6628. What is at the beginning of nearly every C. point source pollution
food chain?
D. pathogen
A. consumers
6632. Strong swimming ocean organisms are
B. small fish
called
C. Zooplankton
A. benthos
D. Phytoplankton
B. nekton
6629. Where do the hurricanes that hit the US C. plankton
form?
D. coral
A. in warm water of the western Pacific
ocean off the coast of South America 6633. What is the highest point of a wave
called?
B. in the warm water of a La Nina
A. Trough
C. in the warm Atlantic water off the
western coast of Africa B. Crest

D. in the warm Atlantic water off the C. Wave height


coast of Hawaii D. Wave length

6630. Which feature is indicated by the letter 6634. Deep Ocean currents are a result of
F? A. Global Wind Patterns
B. Earth’s Rotation
C. Density
D. All of the above

6635. first attempt of people staying under-


water
A. Diving Bell
A. guyot B. Cousteau
B. continental slope C. NOAA
C. continental rise D. Egyptians
D. trench 6636. Clouds formed when water vapor in ris-
6631. is water waste discharge from a sin- ing cooling air condenses.
gle source. A. Stratus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 718

B. Cirrus 6642. AUV


C. Cumulus A.
D. Fog
unoccupied underwater robot (connected)
6637. Which of the following is an omnivore?
A. Dolphin B.

B. Shark

NARAYAN CHANGDER
HOV used to collect samples and explore
C. Manatee
D. Sea Turtle C.

6638. Lunar it unoccupied submarine (not attached)


A. crescent
D.
B. lunar
measures water content
C. moon terminator
D. none of above 6643. Surface ocean currents are generated
mostly by
6639. The hurricanes that hit the eastern coast A. the Coriolis effect
of the United States are formed in which B. water density
ocean?
C. tides
A. Arctic
D. wind
B. Atlantic
6644. The ocean covers of the earths sur-
C. Indian face.
D. Pacific A. 70%
B. 68%
6640. Which landscape is an example of a di-
vergent boundary? C. 29%
A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge D. 71%

B. Aleutians 6645. The process by which molten material


adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
C. Himalayas
A. Fossils
D. San Andreas Fault
B. Sea Floor Spreading
6641. The mixture of seawater and freshwa- C. Wonder
ter is commonly referred to as helps D. Subduction
provide a diverse habitat for marine life.
6646. This image is of
A. Mineral water
B. Bottled water
C. Spring water
D. Brackish water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 719

A. Convergent boundary 6652. (from sea turtle case study) The major-
B. Transform Boundary ity of garbage in the ocean is

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C. Divergent Boundary A. Metals (including precious metals)
D. none of above B. Clothing a fabrics
6647. Which glass contains water with high C. Compostable materials (like food)
turbidity?
D. Plastics (including microplastics)

6653. Since light doesn’t penetrate the deep


ocean, most of the animals there are
or
A. red or blue
B. red or black

A. Glass 1 C. red or white


B. Glass 2 D. white or blue

6648. There are 2 of these every day. 6654. What life zone is more productive:
A. Low Tides A. Oceanic
B. Seasonal Holidays
B. Pelagic
C. Waves
C. Neritic
D. Inlets
D. Aphotic
6649. Are mammals cold-blooded or warm-
blooded? 6655. The very earliest forms of life probably
A. Cold-Blooded
B. Warm-Blooded A. required an external food supply
6650. Which phase or phases of the Moon are B. manufactured their own food supply by
associated with spring tides? photosynthesis
A. Waxing Gibbous C. manufactured their own food by
B. New Moon chemosynthesis
C. Quarter Moons D. were similar to present-day anaerobic
D. Full Moon bacteria

6651. An instrument used to measure the spe- 6656. What causes tectonic plates to move
cific gravity (salinity) of seawater by us- along the Earth’s surface?
ing the refraction of light.
A. wind
A. Hydrometer
B. Refractometer B. ocean currents

C. Salinometer C. convection in the mantle


D. none of above D. expansion of the Earth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 720

6657. Which glass has the highest salinity? B. 2 continental plates moving apart re-
sulting in earthquakes, rift valleys(hot
springs, geysers) ex:Great African rift val-
ley and Ethopia;”Lucy”
C. Ocean/continents slide past each
other resulting in frequent and massive
earthquakes(ex San Andreas Fault, Cali)

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 2 oceanic plates separated and
magma rises to the ocean floor result-
ing in earthquakes, mid-ocean ridge, hy-
A. The left one drothermal vents, and ecosystems.
B. The middle one
6662. Located at the leading edge of a warm
C. The right one air mass. Brings gentle rain or light snow,
D. none of above followed by warmer, milder weather.

6658. Deepest spot in the ocean A. Warm Front


A. Monterey Canyon B. Cold Front
B. Mariana Trench C. Occluded Front
C. Puerto Rico Trench D. Stationary Front
D. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
6663. Which of these organisms would you
6659. Which step of the scientific method is NOT expect to find in the deep sea?
completed by a scientist first?
A. Bioluminescent Fish
A. Designed an experiment
B. Asked a question B. Dumbo octopus

C. Made an observation C. Vampire squid


D. Stated a hypothesis D. Leatherback sea turtle

6660. Which ocean zone has smokers? 6664. Explain the process of ocean buffering.
A. Sunlight zone
A. It has no impact on resisting changes
B. Midnight zone in pH levels
C. Mid-Ocean ridge B. Ocean buffering is the process of in-
D. Water creasing the acidity of the ocean

6661. Convergent(oceanic) C. The ocean buffering process involves


the absorption of excess carbon dioxide
A. One oceanic plate collides with a con-
from the atmosphere, which helps to re-
tinental plate or a oceanic plate resulting
sist changes in pH levels.
in earthquakes, deep sea trenches, long
chain of volcanoes or a volcanic island D. The ocean buffering process involves
arc(ex Japan of Sumatra and Andes Moun- releasing excess carbon dioxide into the
tains atmosphere

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 721

6665. What is the definition for plankton? C. A smooth, flat area on the ocean floor
A. Small and microscopic free-floating D. A geyser on the ocean floor

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plants, animals, and bacteria that have
limited or no swimming ability and are 6670. Which liquid is more dense?
transported by currents and tides
B. Small and microscopic free-floating
plants, animals, and bacteria that have
limited or no swimming ability and are
transported by earthquakes and erosion
C. Food
D. none of above

6666. What is the thing that WE change (ma-


nipulate)?
A. Liquid A
A. control group
B. Liquid B
B. constants
C. dependent variable 6671. Lines of latitude are also called

D. independent variable A. meridians


B. tropics
6667. According to your textbook (Wohlers
et al., 2006), what answer choice best C. Great Circles
describes specific products manufacturers D. parallels
make using seawater evaporites?
A. distillation 6672. The density of ocean water depends on
what two factors?
B. concrete that makes modern construc-
tion possible A. temperature and global winds
C. fertilizers, medicines, wallboard and B. temperature and nutrients
other building materials, and table salt C. salinity and upwelling
D. plastic D. salinity and temperature
6668. The rise and fall of the water level of
6673. This Image represents
the oceans is called
A. Wave
B. Tide
C. Deep ocean current
D. Surface current
A. Downwelling
6669. What is a continental shelf?
B. Upwelling
A. Gently sloping, shallow area
C. Thermohaline circulation
B. Underwater, inactive volcanic moun-
tains D. Rip Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 722

6674. What ocean is the smallest of all the 6678. What is the name given to the boundary
oceans? Hint:It’s mostly frozen. where two tectonic plates slide past each
other horizontally?
A. Convergent boundary
B. Divergent boundary
C. Transform boundary
D. Subduction zone

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6679. The land area supplying water to a river
A. Arctic system is a
B. Atlantic A. divide
C. Indian B. watershed

D. Pacific C. flood plain


D. tributary
6675. Label C
6680. Upwelling waters bring nutrients to the
ocean’s surface.
A. True
B. False

A. continental slope 6681. Tides occurring during the first quarter


B. continental shelf and third quarter phases of the moon
A. Spring Tides
C. abyssal plain
B. Neap Tides
D. sea mount
C. Tides
6676. This type of sediment is formed from
D. Benthos
continents
A. terrigenous 6682. Though they are air breathers, some
seals have been recorded diving under wa-
B. biogenous ter for over an hour.
C. hydrogenous A. True
D. cosmogenous B. False

6677. What % of the Earth’s surface is cov- 6683. What causes tides?
ered in water?
A. The gravitational pull of the moon and
A. 75 the sun.
B. 71 B. wind
C. 68 C. The rotation of the earth
D. 73 D. The gulf stream

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 723

6684. During the Middle Ages there was not 6689. You are swimming at the beach and you
much exploring taking place because most get caught in a rip current, what do you
Europeans thought the Earth was do?

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A. flat A. swim directly back to shore
B. too rough
B. freak out and scream like a mad per-
C. full of monsters son
D. none of the above
C. stay calm and swim parallel to shore
6685. The dark layer(s) of the ocean where
D. fight the current
sunlight does not penetrate
A. aphotic 6690. Identify the seafloor feature at location
B. photic 5
C. biotic
D. abiotic
6686. the gently sloping shallow sea bed sur-
rounding a continent
A. abyssal
B. bathroom
C. littoral
A. abyssal plain
D. continental shelf
B. continental slope
6687. London, England is at the same latitude
as Alaska, but has a much milder climate. C. seamount
This is because- D. mid-ocean ridge
A. It is closer to mainland Europe
B. It has more geothermal energy 6691. Organisms who are plankton only part
of their lives.
C. The moderating effect of the Gulf
Stream A. holoplankton
D. Global Warming B. microplankton
6688. What are 3 solutions that can help pro- C. meroplankton
tect our ocean?
D. macroplankton
A. Use lots of water, contribute to waist
& air pollution, and eat lots of steak.
6692. How is the salinity of water deter-
B. Eat small fish, exhale oxygen, and per- mined?
spire.
C. Conserve water, Limit waste & air pol- A. Lakes, stream, and estuaries
lution, and choose what foods to con- B. Evaporation, runoff, and wind
sume.
C. The depth of the water
D. Over fish, contribute to acid rain, and
drink mud D. Pollution, salt. and animal waste

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 724

6693. What is the general wind direction be- 6697. What Safety Symbol is this?
tween the equator and 30 degrees latitude
in both hemispheres?
A. From east to west
B. From west to east
C. From north to south
D. From south to north

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6694. Air Movement around Low Pressure
A. Winds flow counterclockwise around a
low in the northern hemisphere. A. Electrical Safety
B. The opposite is true in the southern B. Animal Safety
hemisphere, where winds flow clockwise
around an area of low pressure. C. Heat Protection

C. Essentially, the Earth is spinning be- D. Sharp Object Hazard


neath the atmosphere.
6698. This animal is an
D. Winds flow clockwise around a high
pressure center in the northern hemi-
sphere,

6695. Surface ocean currents are driven pri-


marily by and modified by
A. wind; gravity and density A. mammal
B. wind; the Coriolis effect and land B. invertebrate
C. density differences; the Coriolis effect C. fish
and land D. none of above
D. density differences; differences in
salinity and temperature 6699. This European explorer made 4 trips to
the Americas.
6696. Which choice describes negative feed-
back?

A. Henry Hudson
B. Ferdinand Magellan
A. Cause that amplifies effect C. Christopher Columbus
B. Cause that negates effect D. Bartolomeu Dias

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 725

6700. What is the main topic of the text? 6705. Life is thought to have originated in the.
A. Meteorology A. oceans

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B. Oceanography B. volcanoes
C. Geology C. Mountains
D. Astronomy D. Earth’s crust

6701. How did the Polynesians navigate their 6706. Seafloor spreading creates
voyages on the ocean?
A. Using a compass
B. Using song and dance
C. Using celestial navigation A. Trenches
D. Using cartography B. Mid-ocean ridges
C. Plateaus
6702. How do scientists use sonar to study
Earth’s oceans? D. Caverns
6707. The blue-throated hummingbird flaps its
wings 300 times a minute. What is its fre-
quency?
A. 5 hz
B. 300 hz
C. 300/60
A. to measure under water salinity D. a lot?
B. to map ocean currents 6708. How can you escape a rip tide?
C. to map the ocean floor A. Swim towards the current
D. to measure water density B. Swim parallel to shore
6703. A boundary where plates move away C. Stay there
from each other and magma can seep up D. Scream
to the surface is a
6709. During upwellings, are forces up
A. convergent boundary from the deep layers of the ocean.
B. divergent boundary A. cold water
C. transform boundary B. minerals and nutrients
D. none of above C. small ocean organisms
6704. What causes tides? D. all of the above

A. Winds and currents 6710. The pH scale is a range from:


B. Beaches rising and sinking A. 1-7
C. The pull of gravity from the moon & sun B. 0-14
D. The movement of faults at the ocean C. 1-14
floor D. 1-20

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 726

6711. Frank has an eraser. It has a mass of 6716. This type of water holds LESS dissolved
4g, and a volume of 2cm3. What is its oxygen/gases and is LEAST dense.
density? A. cold water
A. 8 g/cm3 B. warm water
B. 2 g/cm3 6717. are formed on the sea floor when
C. 1/2 g/cm3 one crustal plate is shoved under another
crustal plate.
D. 24 g/cm3

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. continental shelves
6712. What physical properties does the atmo- B. trenches
sphere possess?
C. mid ocean ridges
A. Temperature and pressure only D. abyssal plains
B. Density and pressure only
6718. What level of beaufort scale is Huge
C. Temperature, density, and pressure waves. Sea is completely white with foam
D. Density and temperature only and spray. Air is filled with driving spray,
greatly reducing visibility.
6713. Universities and research institutes also A. Strong Gale
employ/ oceanographers to conduct B. Fresh Gale
research
C. Whole Gale/Storm
A. learn
D. Hurricane
B. hire
6719. distance from one wave to the next
C. give
D. include
E. learn

6714. What does every ocean food web began


with? A. crest
A. phytoplankton B. trough
B. zooplankton C. wavelength
C. do work D. waveheight
D. whales 6720. Which body has the greater effect on
Earth’s tides?
6715. What is the steep slope at the edge of
the continental shelf?
A. seamount
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. continental slope
D. rift zone A. Sun

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 727

B. Saturn 6726. As depth of the ocean increases (ocean


C. Moon gets deeper), what happens to pressure?

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D. Venus A. pressure increases

6721. When we discuss greenhouse gases B. pressure decreases


what is the main one we discuss? C. pressure stays constant
A. Methane (CH4) D. none of above
B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
6727. What type of plate boundary is at the
C. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
mid-ocean ridge?
D. Flourinated gases
6722. Which of these is not a graph we dis-
used?
A. Thermocline
B. Halocline
C. Pycnocline A. Convergent
D. Hydrocline B. Divergent

6723. The steep, sloping edge of the continent C. Transform


that extends from the edge of the shelf to D. Strike and Slip
the ocean floor
A. coastline 6728. Which two oceans are the smallest?
B. continental shelf A. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
C. continental slope B. Arctic and Indian Oceans
D. abyssal plain C. Arctic and Southern/Antarctic Oceans
6724. This warm water current flows north D. Indian and Southern/Antarctic Oceans
along the eastern seaboard of North Amer-
ica. 6729. The vessel on which Charles Darwin
sailed around the world.
A. Deep water current
B. Surface Current A. HMS Beagle
C. Jet Stream B. HMS Challenger
D. Gulf Stream C. forward
E. Slip’n Slide D. Victoria
6725. One thousand grams of seawater would
6730. is the total amount of solid material
consist of how many grams of dissolved
dissolved in seawater.
substances?
A. Salinity
A. 35
B. 65 B. Density
C. 635 C. Cloudiness
D. 965 D. Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 728

6731. What is a convergent plate boundary? A. Equator


A. where two plates are pulling apart B. Prime Meridian
B. where two plates are coming together C. North Pole
C. where two plates are moving past one D. South Pole
another
6735. This scientist mapped the coastline of
D. a type of fine china South America, visited the Galapagos
Islands, and documented thousands of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
species.
Explanation:
A. Sagan
B. Eratosthenes
6732. Which zone will you find the warmest C. Franklin
waters? D. Darwin
6736. The ocean is one of the main drivers for
Earth’s
A. Seasons
B. Wind
C. Weather
A. twilight (mesopelagic) D. none of above
B. abyss (abyssopelagic)
6737. We can separate Earth’s atmosphere
C. midnight (bathypelagic) into 5 main layers based on their:(choose
D. sunlight (epipelagic zone) 2)
A. Density
6733. A career in Physical Oceanography
might include B. Temperature
A. investigating food chains in marine en- C. Gas content
vironments. D. Color
B. monitoring the amount of dissolved 6738. If evaporation > precipitation, what
oxygen in local seas. happens to salinity?
C. measuring and predicting the strength A. Salinity increases
and forces of tsunamis.
B. Salinity decreases
D. surveying the features, such as moun-
tains and plains, on the ocean floor. C. Salinity stays constant
D. none of above
6734. What is the name of the line at zero de-
grees longitude? 6739. Which ocean resource is the most sought
after and currently mined?
A. Natural gas
B. Oil
C. Minerals
D. Sand and gravel

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 729

6740. What kind of plate boundary is shown 6745. Two plates come together or collide at
here? what boundary?

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A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Transform
D. none of above

6746. Which of the following are primarily


caused by density differences in bodies of
A. divergent water?
B. convergent A. Deep Currents
C. transform B. Surface Currents
D. subducting C. Surface Warming
6741. What is the average % of salinity in D. Hydrothermal Vents
seawater?
6747. La Nina is associated with surface
A. 0.35 water temperatures
B. 3.5 A. warmer
C. 35 B. cooler
D. 350 C. More dense
6742. Extremely flat, level regions which D. Less dense
cover about half of the deep ocean basin
floor are called 6748. Differences in ocean-surface height can
be measured by
A. Seamounts
A. sonar
B. Great plains
B. satellites
C. Guyots
C. submersibles
D. Abyssal Plains
D. none of the above
6743. of the ocean is what?
6749. What is the major difference between
A. oxygen
ocean currents in the northern hemisphere
B. salt and ocean currents in the southern hemi-
C. whale sphere?
D. water A. Northern will generally travel clock-
wise and Southern will generally travel
6744. Tides rise and fall how many times a counter-clockwsie
day?
B. Northern will generally travel counter-
A. One clockwise whereas southern will gener-
B. Two ally travel clockwise
C. Three C. There is no difference
D. Four D. Southern is warmer

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 730

6750. Why is it important to animal and plant 6753. Air at the poles is colder and denser so
life that the ocean is transparent to the it
light
A. rises
A. Answer 1 and 2 are correct
B. circulates
B. Because they can’t engage in photo-
synthesis if the water was not transpar- C. stagnates
ent, this is why transparency is important D. sinks
to animal and plant life in the depths, also

NARAYAN CHANGDER
it helps us examine the ocean 6754. The diagram provided shows a marine
C. Because they can’t engage in photo- food chain. In this food chain, the zoo-
synthesis if the water was not transpar- plankton are
ent, this is why transparency is important
to animal and plant life in the depths
D. none of above
6751. What is the name of the starred feature
on this map? A. primary producers.
B. primary consumers.
C. secondary consumers.
D. tertiary consumers.

6755. The Coriolis Effect affects

A. Nova Scotia
B. New Brunswick
C. New Hampshire
D. Maine A. deep ocean currents

6752. Use the image to identify letter C of bar- B. surface currents


rier islands: C. helps create gyres
D. b and c are correct

6756. All marine food chains begin with the-


A. Beach
A. phytoplankton
B. Dune
C. Forest B. zooplankton

D. Meadow C. plants
E. Marsh D. the sun

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 731

6757. What is the ocean zone below the twi-


light zone?

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A. midnight zone
B. abyssal zone
C. sunlit zone
D. It’s not listed here

6758. Who were some of the earliest explor-


ers
A. Phoenicians A. Hot water
B. Polynesians B. Gases
C. Greeks C. Minerals
D. The British D. All of these

6759. What are the tiny plants and animals 6763. How would climate be impacted if there
that drift through the ocean? were no surface ocean currents?
A. sea grass A. Climate would not be impacted
B. plankton B. The hot regions would cool, the cold re-
C. baleen gions would be warm
D. kelp C. The hot regions would get hotter, the
cold regions would get colder
6760. True or False:We have two high tides Explanation:If there were no surface
and two low tides almost every day. ocean currents, the climate would be
A. true impacted significantly. The hot regions
would get hotter, and the cold regions
B. false would get colder. This is because ocean
currents play a crucial role in redistribut-
6761. Choose the correct option
ing heat across the globe, maintaining a
balance in temperature. Without these
currents, the heat would not be dis-
tributed, leading to more extreme temper-
atures in different regions.
D. none of above

A. High Pressure 6764. What are underwater mountain ranges


B. Warm Front called?
C. Cold Front A. current
D. Mountains B. oceanic ridges
C. submersibles
6762. What is released from a hydrothermal
vent? D. continental shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 732

6765. The most likely place for the basic build- 6769. What is the name of the type of pollu-
ing blocks for the development of life to tant where the source is known?
interact and produce life is in Earth’s A. Point Source
A. oceans B. Non-Point Source
B. mantle
6770. What symbolizes a rift valley?
C. lithosphere
D. atmosphere

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6766. Increased evaporation of ocean water
will result in
A. decreased salinity A. 2

B. Increased temperature B. 3

C. Increased salinity C. 4

D. snow days D. 5

6767. CTD rosette 6771. What causes oxygen levels in the ocean
to INCREASE?
A. Animals
A.
B. Hydrothermal vents
measures conductivity, temp, depth C. Phytoplankton
D. Bacteria
B.
6772. What is a lead line used for?

collect a sample of sediment on seafloor A. Navigational tool to track speed


through water

C. B. Navigational tool to estimate depth


C. Navigational tool to use a portable
measure the rate of flow of water time standard
D. Navigational tool that could read the
D. stars

355 ft long platform for ocean research 6773. The flow of air from land to a body of
water is called a
6768. Which of the following forms when wa-
ter from large breakers returns to the
ocean through channels that cut through
underwater sandbars?
A. undertow
B. rip current
C. longshore current
D. turbidity current A. warm breeze

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 733

B. lake breeze 6779. According to your textbook (Wohlers et


al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
C. land breeze
scribes how oil companies extract oil and

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D. wind breeze natural gas from the seabed?

6774. Is this diagram correct? A. petroleum and natural gas form from
the remains of present-day primary ter-
restrial organisms
B. hydrocarbons can’t penetrate further
A. and where they can pool together at the
reserve rock layer
C. oil companies extract oil and natural
gas form the seabed by drilling through
B. No the sediment and rock into the reserve
rock
6775. Upwelling revitalizes the ocean and D. petroleum and natural gas form from
keeps it healthy? the remains of primary marine organisms
A. False
6780. Seafloor spreading occurs at
B. True A. close to the shorelines.
6776. The map projection we use most often B. the mid-ocean ridge.
today is call the C. the deepest ocean trench.
A. Mercator projection D. none of above
B. Heradotus projection 6781. The largest waves in the world are
C. Eratosthenes projection caused by what?
D. Hadley projection

6777. What is true about the deepest parts of


the ocean floor?
A. animals live in constant darkness
B. algae thrive
C. temperatures are moderate to high A. Undersea volcanoes erupting
D. nekton are more common than ben- B. Winds blowing in one direction
thos
C. Rapidly changing temperatures
6778. The depth of the deepest trench in the D. The depth of the ocean water
ocean exceeds the height of Mt. Everest
6782. What is number 5
A. True
B. False
C. They’re exactly the same
D. It’s impossible to know

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 734

A. Abyssal Plain 6787. What is the average concentration of


B. Mid-ocean Ridge salt in the oceans?

C. Deep-ocean Trench A. 3.5 to 3.7


D. Deep-ocean Basin B. 3.0 to 3.3
6783. causes surface currents. C. 3.7 to 4.0
A. The Coriolis Effect D. 2.5 to 3.0

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Gravity
6788. What is water?
C. Density Differences & Salinity
D. Differential Heating & Wind A. An atom
B. A molecule composed of 2 parts Oxy-
6784. Name of D (opening at top)
gen and one part Hydrogen
C. A molecular compound composed of 2
parts Hydrogen and one part Oxygen
D. A pure substance composed of 2 parts
Hydrogen and one part Oxygen

6789. Convection causes cold water to

A. A kiss
B. Ostia
C. Choanocytes
D. Incurrent Pore

6785. Includes the volume of water that cov-


ers the entire sea-floor except for the con- A. Rise (float)
tinental shelf. B. Sink
A. Intertidal Zone
B. Oceanic Zone 6790. A career in Chemical Oceanography
might include
C. Neritic Zone
A. investigating food chains in marine en-
D. Abyssal Plain
vironments.
6786. The art and science of map making is B. monitoring the amount of dissolved
called: oxygen in local seas.
A. cartography
C. measuring and predicting the strength
B. mapography and forces of tsunamis.
C. quilting D. surveying the features, such as moun-
D. mapology tains and plains, on the ocean floor.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 735

6791. How many phases of the moon are C. Oil spills


there? D. Dumping in the ocean

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A. eight
6797. A change in position is
B. four
A. Amplitude
C. ten
B. Wavelength
D. none of above
C. Frequency
6792. Flow of warm, oxygen rich water down- D. Wave Speed
ward to deeper water
E. Displacement
A. Upwelling
6798. Had three Major voyages in and around
B. Current
the southern Hemisphere and later died in
C. Downwelling Hawaii
D. Tide A. John Harrison

6793. What are the positions of the Earth, Sun B. Ben Franklin
and Moon during a neap tide? C. Captain James Cook
A. straight line D. Robert Ballard
B. right angle 6799. Autotrophic organisms can
C. acute angle A. make their own oxygen
D. obtuse angle B. make their own food
6794. The first wave that forms when the C. make their own water
wind begins to blow across the ocean sur- D. none of the above
face is a
6800. What is all the water that runs off the
A. capillary wave surface of the land and washes into rivers,
B. tsunami streams, and other waterways called?
C. wind waves A. Runoff
D. tide B. Storm Drain
C. Surface Water
6795. The most pronounced thermoclines exist
in: D. Tributary
A. the tropical zone. 6801. What are the features of the ocean
B. the temperate zone. floor?
C. the polar zone. A. Volcanoes, plains, kelp beds, islands
D. none of above B. Ocean trenches, seamounts, barrier
reefs, continental shelves
6796. What should we avoid to prevent affect- C. Mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones,
ing life in the ocean?Check all that apply abyssal plains, tunnels
A. Insecticides D. Mid-ocean ridges, abyssal plains,
B. Herbicides ocean trenches, seamounts

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 736

6802. Sunlight allows to occur in the sun- 6806. Select the best description of weather
light zone. conditions in Perth:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. bioluminescence
A. stable, sunny, mild winds from the NE
B. transpiration
B. unstable, rainy, strong winds from the
C. photosynthesis
SW
D. voting C. stable, sunny, mild winds from the SW
6803. What does AUV stand for? D. stable, sunny, strong winds from the
West
6807. What is the name of the phylum sponges
belong to?
A. Cnidarians
B. Arthropoda
C. Echinoderms

A. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle D. Porifera

B. Autonomous Above-Water Vehicle 6808. Earthquakes occur at boundaries.


C. Autoparts Underwater Vehicle A. Divergent
D. Automatic Underwater Vehicle B. Convergent
C. Subduction
6804. Which major event occurred 35 MYA
that resulted in the shaping of the Chesa- D. Shear boundary
peake Bay? 6809. Is it true that living shorelines are some-
A. an meteor/astroid impact times referred to as “soft” shorelines or
“soft stabilization”?
B. melting of the glaciers
A. True
C. rise in sea level
B. False
D. a warming cycle
6810. Group of marine mammals that include
6805. Rapid change in density seals and walruses.
A. thermohaline circulation A. Pinnipedia
B. velocity B. Odontocetes
C. pycnocline C. Mysticeti
D. none of above D. Cetacea

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 737

6811. Which term is best described as the 6817. A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs
movement of air from land to sea? 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its
temperature changes from 25◦ C to 175◦ C.

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A. global winds
Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.
B. sea breeze
A. 0.46 J
C. land breeze
B. 1.5 J/g◦ C
D. local winds
C. 0.45 J/g◦ C
6812. This historical underwater invention is
D. 0.46 J/g◦ C
driven in a sawtooth vertical profile by
variable buoyancy. 6818. The majority of the volcanoes on earth
A. FNRS-2 are found where?
B. Trieste A. In japan
C. Slocum Glider B. The United States
D. Niskin Bottles C. China
E. CTD D. The Pacific Ring of Fire
6813. True or False-The Trieste descended to
Explanation:
the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the
Marianas Trench in 1960.
A. True 6819. Sonar is a device that uses echoes to
B. False map features of the ocean floor.
A. true
6814. Surface tension of the water is the cohe-
sive force between water molecule on the B. false
surface of water.
6820. What type of tide is when the earth,
A. True moon, and sun are orbiting in a linear ar-
B. False rangement, the moon is either the new
or full stage. The sun and moon pulling
6815. This explorer was also the inventor of together on the water, the tides are in-
the chronometer that allowed navigators creased
to know exactly where they were
A. neap tide
A. Captain James Cook
B. spring tide
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. high tide
C. Charles Darwin
D. low tide
D. John Harrison

6816. What is the typical pH of an acid? 6821. The climate in cities that are close to a
large body of water tends to be:
A. higher pH, >7
A. Cooler in the summer and warmer in
B. 25 km the winter than inland cities
C. lower pH, < 7 B. Cooler in the winter and warmer in the
D. 110 ppm summer than inland cities

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 738

C. Cooler in the winter and the summer B. Most of the water available on Earth is
than inland cities not drinkable.
D. Warmer in the winter and the summer C. Most of the water available on Earth is
than inland cities drinkable.
6822. What effect would long-term rise in the D. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
average temperature have on the oceans? found as groundwater.
A. oceans would absorb the heat and hold 6826. This scientist’s name is ; he was

NARAYAN CHANGDER
temperatures lower known as the “father of oceanogra-
B. evaporation would decrease and pro- phy” and published the first oceanography
duce clouds blocking the sun book.
C. polar ice would melt and result in the
ocean levels rising
D. more plant life would grow and help re-
duce the greenhouse effect

6823. The top of the saturation zone, below


which water fills all the open spaces be-
tween the rocks A. Matthew Maury
A. Water table B. Magellan
B. Surface Water C. Range
C. Watershed D. Jacques Cousteau
D. Drainage Divide
6827. Which best explains what happens to
6824. Upwelling is when surface water is carbon dioxide when it is absorbed by the
replaced by , nutrient-rich water from ocean:
the deep ocean.
A. The ocean does not absorb carbon
A. warm → cold dioxide
B. cold → warm B. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to
C. warm → warm produce carbonic acid
D. cold → cold C. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to
produce methane and carbohydrates
6825. What can be concluded from the image?
D. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to
produce nucleic acids and proteins

6828. The first vessel to go to the Challenger


Deep is the
A. Bathysphere
B. Trieste
C. ALVIN
A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
found in oceans. D. HMS Challenger

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 739

6829. The tidal force exerted by the is C. increased availability of dissolved oxy-
stronger that the tidal force exerted by the gen

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D. none of above
A. earth, ocean
B. sun, moon 6835. This animal is an

C. moon, stars
D. moon, sun

6830. What are some problems associated


with low tide?
A. Waves crashing on shore may affect
an organism’s ability to hold on. A. invertebrate
B. Organisms may dry out due to lack of B. fish
water. C. mammal
C. Organisms are exposed to direct sun- D. none of above
light.
D. All of the above. 6836. What is a food web?

6831. An area in which a freshwater river A. A series of steps in which organ-


empties into a body of saltwater is called isms transfer energy by eating and being
a(n)- eaten.

A. sanctuary. B. A network of feeding interactions


B. river basin. C. A diagram that shows the amount of
energy transferred in each trophic level
C. watershed.
D. None of these
D. estuary.

6832. If you are walking into the ocean you 6837. The Great Pacific Ridge would most
would be on the continental likely be formed by what type of plate tec-
tonic action?
A. shelf
A. Oceanic-Oceanic
B. slope
C. rise B. Oceanic-Continental

D. none of above C. Continental-Continental


D. none of these
6833. Depth is Approx. <100 m
A. Surface Current 6838. Portion of the marine environment that
B. Deep Current allows for sunlight to penetrate.
A. aphotic
6834. Why does cold upwelling result in a
large concentration of marine organisms? B. photic
A. loss of thermal stability C. biotic
B. high nutrient concentration D. abiotic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 740

6839. This ROV helped located and retrieve ar- 6844. Process by which certain microorgan-
tifacts from the sunken Titanic. isms create organic molecules from inor-
ganic nutrientsusing chemical energy
A. Photosynthesis
B. Chemosynthesis
C. Benthos
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. The Alvin 6845. Choose the correct option
B. The Argo
C. The Challenger
D. The Titanic
6840. Periodic rise and fall of the sea level is
due to
A. gravitational pull of the moon
B. gravitational pull of the sun A. Bearing Strait
C. due to both the gravitational pull of the B. Hudson Bay
moon and the sun. C. Baffin Bay
D. due to wind D. Labrador Sea
6841. A breeze blowing from the land to the 6846. This zone of the ocean lies over the con-
sea is known as tinental shelf.
A. a land breeze A. euphotic/photic
B. a sea breeze
B. benthic
C. an ocean breeze
C. neritic
D. a summer breeze
D. oceanic
6842. What does sonar equipment measure?
6847. What does SONAR stand for?
A. the density of ocean water
B. the depth of the ocean floor
C. the sound produced by ocean crea-
tures
D. the shape of the ocean surface
6843. Convection currents in the mantle cause

A. the oceans to be warmer. A. SOund NAvigation and Ranging


B. tectonic plates to move. B. SOuth NAtive and Ranging
C. global warming. C. SOuth NAtive and Ringing
D. magnetic reversals. D. SOund NAtive and Ranging

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 741

6848. Number 3 on the diagram represents 6853. The wavelength is represented by which
what ocean floor feature? letter?

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A. A
A. Continental Corner
B. B
B. Continental Rise
C. C
C. Abyssal Plain
D. D
D. Continental Slope
6854. Which direction do ocean waves move?
6849. American who created the first chart of
A. back and forth
the Gulf Stream to speed up mail delivery
to and from England B. up and down
A. Matthew Maury C. in a side-to-side motion
B. Captain James Cook D. in a circular motion
C. Ben Franklin 6855. Which of the following is an alternative
D. none of above to fossil fuels?
A. Nuclear energy
6850. Surface currents are powered by
B. Wind energy
A. wind
C. Solar Energy
B. tides
D. Wave energy
C. boats
D. weather 6856. Which ocean contains the largest
amount of trash pollution?
6851. What is the most common compound in
A. Atlantic Ocean
Seawater?
B. Indian Ocean
A. NaCl
C. Arctic Ocean
B. vast
D. Pacific Ocean
C. Ill
D. H2O 6857. This type of current can carry you par-
allel along the shore making it difficult
6852. The indirect, ultimate source of most of to find your belongings when you emerge
the energy for ocean currents is: from the ocean and return to the beach.
A. weather. A. tsunami current
B. wind B. rip current
C. the sun. C. longshore current
D. the tides. D. tidal current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 742

6858. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an- C. shg/cmz


swer choice best describes the Viking that
D. 5g/cm3
sailed westward from Iceland and discov-
ered Greenland in 981 CE? (From Chapter 6861. What is #2 in the Earth’s crust?
1.2)
A. Ferdinand Magellan
B. James Cook

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Erik “the Red” Thorvaldson
E. Leif Eriksson

6859. The ocean currents generally travel in ei-


ther a clockwise or counterclockwise direc- A. mantle
tion. In which direction do the currents in
the Northern Hemisphere travel? B. crust
A. clockwise C. outer core
B. counterclockwise D. inner core
C. straight
6862. How are the sun, earth, and moon ar-
D. they do not move ranged during a Neap Tide?
6860. *Imagine that the liquids have the A. In a Straight Line
following densities:10g/cm3 3g/cm3
B. At a Right Angle (90 degrees)
6g/cm3 5g/cm3Which Density belongs
with the BLUE layer? C. Diagonally
D. At a 45 degree angle

6863. The youngest seafloor rocks are found:


A. near the continents.
B. near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean
ridges.
C. beneath the deep sea trenches.
D. evenly distributed over the ocean
basins.

6864. Which is greater, the height of the


world’s tallest mountain or the depth of
the world’s greatest trench?
A. the height of the mountain (Mt. Ever-
est).
A. 10g/cm3 B. the depth of the trench (Challenger
B. zg/cmz Deep).

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 743

6865. The uppermost region of the atmo- A. precipitation


sphere that gradually fades into space
B. condensation

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A. Troposphere
C. ground water
B. Thermosphere
D. surface water runoff
C. Stratosphere
D. Exosphere 6870. Plankton are microscopic single-celled
organisms that provide food for many fish,
6866. I believed I could read Asia by traveling and other sea organisms.
west across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. I
asked the king and queen of Spain to pay A. True
for my journey. B. False
A. Cabot
6871. equipment connected to an air tank that
B. by Leon lets a person breathe underwater
C. Columbus
D. Cortes
6867. What symbolizes the continental shelf?

A. submersible
A. 1 B. trench
B. 2
C. water pressure
C. 4
D. scuba
D. 7
6872. This vessel carried the scientist on the
6868. Animal wastes that runoff into water is
first truly scientific oceanographic voyage.
an example of which types of pollution?
A. bacterial & chemical A. HMS Beagle
B. chemical & sediment B. HMS Challenger
C. nutrient & bacterial C. forward
D. sediment and nutrient D. Victoria
6869. As water vapor rises in the atmosphere 6873. If you took an imaginary knife and
it can turn into water droplets or ice crys- spread cumulus clouds together across the
tals which results in cloud formation. sky but not into a smooth layer (like stra-
tus).
A. Cumulus
B. Stratus
C. Stratocumulus
D. Altocumulus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 744

6874. Deep-ocean currents are driven by C. transform


A. differences in soil D. lateral
B. differences in the water’s tempera-
ture, salinity and density, 6880. Which factor(s) affect aquatic ecosys-
tems?
C. differences in nutrients
A. depth
D. None of the Above
B. temperatures

NARAYAN CHANGDER
6875. It is the falling of water from the sky in
different forms. C. nutrients
A. Condensation Level D. all affect aquatic ecosystems
B. Condensation nuclei
6881. What causes deep currents to form?
C. Precipitation
A. Differences in water salinity
D. Windward
B. Wind blowing really hard on surface of
6876. What does a salinometer measure? water
A. salinity C. Earth’s rotation
B. temperature
D. a change in temperature
C. depth
D. density 6882. A hurricane is a large rotating storm
with high-speed winds that forms over
6877. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di- warm waters in tropical areas. Hurricanes
rection of winds and currents. have sustained winds of at least If
A. Coriolis effect they are below this speed they are clas-
sified as tropical storms.
B. Butterfly Effect
A. 120 mph
C. Effect
B. 74 mph
D. I Don’t Know
C. 23 mph
6878. Warm, less dense air (including vapor)
rises in the atmosphere. Cool, more dense D. 97 mph
air (including vapor) sinks. This transfer is
6883. A record and interpretation of the data
collected
A. convection
B. conduction A. Analysis

C. radiation B. Hypothesis
D. gravity C. Purpose

6879. What type of boundary occurs when D. Research


two plates move toward each other?
6884. Which is the main effect that a high rate
A. convergent of evaporation has in a given region of the
B. divergent ocean?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 745

6888. Which of the following is a characteris-


tic feature of oceanic ridges?
A. Deep-sea trenches

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B. Volcanic activity
C. Submarine canyons
D. Continental shelves
6889. What is a medium?
A. something between a small and a
A. decreased salinity large?
B. lower temperature B. the substance through which a wave
can travel
C. increased salinity
C. a pattern of vibration that simulates
D. higher temperature when a wave is standing still
6885. oxygen that has dissolved into water D. the distance from any point on a wave
to an identical point on the next wave
A. hypersaline
6890. Which province of Virginia is WEST of
B. dissolved oxygen
the Ridge and Valley region?
C. oxygen minimum layer
D. dissolution

6886. Which ocean feature does #8 repre-


sent?

A. the Appalachian Plateau


B. the Coastal Plain
C. the Piedmont
D. the Blue Ridge
A. Seamount 6891. The pattern of temperature and precipi-
B. Abyssal plain tation typical of an area over a long time
is the
C. Continental shelf
A. Coriolis Effect
D. Volcanic Island
B. Climate
6887. It is very light rain. It is stronger than C. Gulf Stream
mist but less than a shower. Mist is a thin D. none of above
fog with condensation near the ground.
6892. The area that holds the water.
A. Rain
A. Watershed
B. Drizzle B. Basin
C. Hail C. Slope
D. Freezing rain D. Runoff

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 746

6893. Animal-like plankton are known as 6897. What does a food chain represent?
A. phytoplankton
B. zooplankton
C. photosynthesis
D. ocean food web
A. How all living organisms within a habi-
6894. What ocean zone does this image repre- tat are connected.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sent?
B. All of the things that a particular ani-
mal eats.
C. How plants create their own food.
D. A single path of energy transfer within
a habitat.
6898. Water sticks well to many materials.
A. hydrothermal vent What term relates to this property of wa-
B. deep ocean ter?

C. open ocean A. cohesion


B. adhesion
D. kelp forest
C. density
6895. What is number 3
D. surface tension
6899. Identify #5 and #7

A. Continental shelf
A. Submarine Canyon B. Abyssal plain
B. Abyssal Plain C. Continental rise
C. Rift Valley D. Seamount
D. Trench E. Rift Valley
Explanation:
6896. In the Northern Hemisphere, the general
direction of ocean currents is
6900. The continental shelf
A. is a narrow strip on the East Coast of
the United States.
B. is a steeply dipping zone dropping off
to the deep seafloor.
C. is a featureless plain unlike the neigh-
boring continent.
A. clockwise D. is a gently sloping platform with a vari-
B. counterclockwise able landscape.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 747

6901. Tiny ocean animals that floatin the 6905. What is the average salinity of water?
ocean currents A. 55 parts per thousand

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B. 95 parts per thousand
C. 10 parts per thousand
D. 35 parts per thousand

6906. Choose the correct option

A. Zooplankton
B. Phytoplankton
C. Benthos
D. Amphibians
A. Kingfisher
6902. The majority of dissolved oxygen in the B. Alvin
ocean comes from:
C. FLIP
A. Photosynthesis
D. Trieste
B. Respiration
6907. Continental shelf
C. Weathering of rocks
A. Leftover from Pangaea
D. Volcanic eruptions
B. Part of the continent that is covered by
6903. Underwater mountains formed by shallow ocean.
erupting volcanoes. C. Giant landslides
A. island D. Huge underwater canyons
B. seamount
6908. When a seamount completely subducts,
C. trench leaving ‘halo’ of coral reef growth
D. rift A. Atoll

6904. Sound propagation is B. Barrier Reef


C. Abyssal Plain
A. Waves of pressure that move through-
out air or water. D. Fringe Reef
B. Waves of pressure that sounds move 6909. What is the end result of eutrophica-
through water. tion?
C. wavelenghts move through the air or A. More algae
water.
B. decreased oxygen and fish kills
D. Waves of pressure going from a high
to low movement causing sounds that C. less turbidity
move through air/water. D. a new pond

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 748

6910. Ice is dense than water. 6914. Water can pile up a short distance above
A. more a container’s rim due to

B. less A. high surface tension

C. the same B. low surface tension

D. none of above C. low viscosity


D. high viscosity
6911. This is the largest reservoir of fresh

NARAYAN CHANGDER
water on Earth and contains about 75% 6915. Thermohaline circulation distributes
of the fresh water on Earth. Thiswater- which of the following?
feature covers about 10% of the land on
A. heat
Earth.
B. nutrients
C. carbon dioxide
D. all of the above

6916. A parallel is another name for a The


0o is called the
A. a latitude line, the equator
B. a longitudinal line, the prime meridian
C. a latitudinal line, the prime meridian
A. glacier D. none of above
B. ocean
6917. What is the main type of energy trans-
C. wetlands fer in the ocean?
D. rivers A. Radiation
6912. Determining how the seafloor changes B. Conduction
over time has given scientists information C. Convection
about the-
D. none of above
A. Circulation of solar energy
B. Impact of the atmosphere on ocean 6918. What level of beaufort scale is Sea
depth heaps up and foam begins to streak.

C. Patterns of carbon movement A. Moderate breeze


D. Formation rate of ocean crust B. Fresh breeze
C. Strong breeze
6913. A wave has frequency of 50 Hz and a
wavelength of 10 m. What is the speed D. High wind, Moderate Gale, Near Gale
of the wave?
6919. Label F
A. 500 m/s
B. 50 m/s
C. 5 m/s
D. 0.5 m/s

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 749

A. continental slope 6925. This part of a scientific name tells us


B. continental shelf what about the classification of the organ-
ism. (HINT:look at how the word is for-

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C. abyssal plain matted) silvestris
D. sea mount A. genus and species
6920. Helping to clean up the lab or classroom B. genus Only
is the job of
C. species Only
A. old students.
D. Kingdom Only
B. transfer students.
C. each and every student. 6926. What is the name of the ‘superconti-
nent’?
D. only the teacher.

6921. Who is known as the “Father of


Oceanography ‘’?
A. Cousteau
B. Maury
C. Lewis
D. Clark

6922. Which sea is off the coast between New


Zealand and Australia? A. Pangea
A. Coral Sea B. North America
B. Tasman Sea C. the superpanga
C. East China Sea D. Paleozoic
D. South China Sea
6927. The K-T boundary contained an unusual
6923. Where would you find the common clay layer with high proportions of which
“dead zone” in an ocean? element?
A. Near the center of a gyre A. GOld
B. Near the mouth of a river B. Iridium
C. Along a coastline, far from cities C. Rhodium
D. At the surface layer, 20-30 kilometers D. Mercury
at sea
E. Platinum
6924. On the pH scale, 0-6 is , 7 is , and
8-10 is 6928. What causes waves to form?
A. Acid; Base; Non-reactive A. A currents flowing through the ocean
B. Base; Neutral; Acid B. the Earth spinning on its axis
C. Acid; Neutral; Base C. wind blowing over the water’s surface
D. Acid; Base; Acid D. uneven heating of the water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 750

6929. Who is the closest relative to the C. Sleet


sharks?
D. Freezing rain

6933. True or False meteors can cause


tsunamis?
A. True
B. False

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Maybe
A. crocodiles
D. What’s a meteor
B. sharks
C. ray-finned fish 6934. The are credited with discovering
D. amphibians Vinland (N. America)

6930. What does the Earth orbit around?

A. axis
B. sun
C. orbit
A. Polynesians
D. moon
B. Vikings
6931. Plate being subducted at the Mariana
Trench. C. Phoenicians
A. Philippine Plate D. Chinese
B. Pacific Plate
6935. Which piece of evidence did Wegener
C. Atlantic Plate
use to prove continental drift?
D. Asian Plate
A. The shape of the continents
6932. It can at times fall when the atmo-
B. Similar fossils found on separate con-
spheric temperatures are above freezing,
tinents
but it mostly occur in sub-freezing air.
A. Rain C. Tree fossils found in odd places
B. Snow D. All of the above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 751

6936. What type of plate boundary creates 6940. Microscopic photosynthetic organisms
trenches? that drift in the water

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A. Phytoplankton
B. zooplankton
C. Plankton
D. Thallus
A. Convergent 6941. Choose the correct option
B. Divergent
C. Transform
D. Strike and Slip

6937. Tiny floating organisms that are either


small animals or protozoa
A. Thallus A. Barents Sea
B. Phytoplankton B. Black Sea
C. Zooplankton C. Caspian Sea
D. Plankton D. North Sea

6938. What are the major pieces of evidence 6942. Identify TWO Territories which are re-
of seafloor spreading? Mark all that ap- ceiving rainfall.
ply.
A. midocean ridges
B. meteorites
C. the radiometric age of oceanic crust
gets older and older further from the cen-
ter of the ocean
D. magnetic “striping” in oceanic crystals
A. Queensland and NSW
E. older rocks have more sediment on top
of them B. Queensland and Victoria
C. NT and NSW
6939. What is the largest region of the ocean D. NT and ACT
that covers 32%of the Earth’s surface?
6943. Energy for convection on the Earth
A. Arctic Ocean
comes from
B. Atlantic Ocean
A. The sun
C. Indian Ocean B. The moon
D. Pacific Ocean C. Solar winds
E. Southern Ocean D. The ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 752

6944. Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST 6949. Which ocean is this?
density?
A. crust
B. mantle
C. outer core
D. inner core
6945. One main difference between ROV’s

NARAYAN CHANGDER
and AUV’s are that ROV’s are A. Arctic

A. steered by a person continuously. B. Pacific

B. not tethered. C. Indian


C. able to get continuous data. D. Atlantic
D. none of above 6950. How does the image relate to tsunamis?
6946. Low pressure is associated with this (may be more than one)
type of weather

A. It measures the wave height


B. It is part of the tsunami warning sys-
A. Cloudy/Overcast Weather tem
B. Cold Weather
C. It is a seismograph
C. Warm Weather
D. It is a life raft
D. Fair Weather
6951. Includes portions of three other oceans
6947. Wave is the distance between the
crest of two waves. A. Pacific
A. Speed B. Arctic
B. Frequency C. Southern
C. Size D. Indian
D. Length 6952. Demand for which of the following re-
6948. Study of Earth’s oceans sources has skyrocketed in recent years?
A. Oceanography A. Gas hydrates
B. Ocean systems B. Manganese nodules and crusts
C. Ocean functions C. Phosphorite
D. none of above D. Rare-earth elements

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 753

6953. Which of the following is NOT an exam-


ple of terrigenous sediment?

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A. Glacial till

B. Volcanic ash

C. Sand

D. Foraminifera shells

6954. At an average depth of 21 feet, is the


bay deep or shallow compared to other
large bodies of water?

A. deep

B. shallow

6955. Which of the following is considered “a


living fossil”?

A. Copepods

B. Barnacles

C. Hermit crabs

D. Horseshoe crabs

6956. A volcanic mountain that rises above the


surface of the water is called
A. Core Sampler
A. trench
B. Dredge
B. island C. Grab Sampler
D. Sediment Sieves
C. mid-ocean ridge
6958. The Atlantic Ocean is a about the
D. seamount size of the Pacific
A. 1/4
6957. Choose the correct option B. 1/2

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 754

C. 1/8 6963. Which is the Easternmost province of


D. none of above Virginia where sand and gravel that are
used in building construction can be found?
6959. German oceanographic vessel that set
the standards for multidisciplinary oceano-
graphic research.
A. Kingfisher
B. FLIP

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Glomar Challenger
D. Meteor
A. Appalachian Plateau
6960. A upwelling current is B. the Piedmont
A. A volcanic eruption causing water to C. Blue Ridge
shoot up
D. Coastal Plain
B. produced by pods of whales farting in
unison 6964. Surface currents are caused mainly by
the
C. A slow moving cold current rich in nu-
trients that rises to the surface
D. A school of fish that is prey for other
fish.

6961. Why do we need to conserve water?

A. Sun
B. Wind
6965. Fertilizer, sewage, and animal feces can
wash in to water, leading to

A. It is an unlimited resource. A. thermal pollution


B. artificial eutrophication
B. It is a limited resource.
C. desalination
C. There is a lot of water.
D. biomagnification
D. There is no need to conserve water.
6966. What happened during the year 1831-
6962. According to your textbook, what an- 1836
swer choice best describes the cause of eu-
trophication? A. Charles Darwin collected species and
took notes that would later help in his The-
A. HABs ory.
B. thermal pollution B. John Cabet
C. radiation C. The Vikings
D. nutrients and fertilizers D. The Dark Ages

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 755

6967. The ocean floor- C. it makes the water cooler


A. is always a flat bed of sand D. it raises the pH of the water

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B. has mountains, plains, and ridges like
6972. FLIP
land surfaces
C. is covered by the same amount of wa- A.
ter everywhere
D. covers less area than the land unoccupied submarine (not attached)

6968. A water sampling bottle used for sub- B.


surface measurements of water samples
closed by a “tripping” action. unoccupied underwater robot (connected)

A. Nansen Bottle
C.
B. Niskin Bottle
C. Reversible Thermometer 355 ft long platform for ocean research
D. Sin
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder D.

6969. When the sun and moon are at right HOV used to collect samples and explore
angles (90◦ ) to each other, Earth experi-
ences which type of tide? 6973. The origin of submarine canyons is not
well understood, but most likely
A. is erosional, started by streams during
periods of sea level lowering.
B. is tectonic, and represents down-folds
A. neap tide of rock within the continental shelf.
B. low tide C. is organic, resulting from the activities
C. high tide of burrowing organisms.
D. spring tide D. is glacial, the work of glaciers deposit-
ing rock debris on the shelf.
6970. Which plate boundary creates new
oceanic crust? 6974. TheEl Ninois caused by
A. Convergent Boundary
B. Divergent Boundary
C. Transform Boundary
D. Elliptical Boundary

6971. How does excess (too much) carbon


dioxide in the atmosphere change the A. cold water off the Atlantic coast of
ocean? South America
A. it reduces the pH of the water B. warm water in the Pacific off the coast
B. it makes the water warmer of South America

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 756

C. warm water in the Pacific off the coast


of Mexico
D. cold water in the Pacific off the coast
of Mexico

6975. The increase of causes the inner core


to be liquid
A. Density A. Cetacean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Felines
B. Pressure
C. Pinnipeds
C. Temperature
D. Sirenians
D. This layer isn’t liquid
6980. Choose the correct option
6976. What technology is used to measure the
depth of the ocean?
A. Depthimetry
B. A little stick
C. A big stick
D. SONAR
A. Arabian Sea
6977. Which property of water below is spe- B. Bay of Bengal
cific to seawater, NOT freshwater?
C. Mediterranean Sea
A. Adhesion
D. Red Sea
B. Cohesion
6981. occur during a full or new moon. The sun
C. Salinity earth and moon are all aligned. It causes
D. Surface tension solar tides to enhance lunar tides causing
high tides to be higher than normal and
6978. Which of the following statements low tides to be lower than normal.
about marine sediments is correct? A. Spring Tide
A. They represent Earth history dating B. Neap tide
back for billions of years.
6982. What answer choice best describes an
B. They contain plant fossils used to map oil cleanup method that effectively re-
the movement of the continents. moves 98% of an oil spill that is relatively
C. They provide a discontinuous, dis- fresh before it spreads?
turbed record of Earth history. A. Using Oil Blooms
D. They record the timing and severity of B. Using Skimmers
some global extinction events. C. Using Sorbents
6979. Seals and Sea Lions are examples of D. Burning In-Situ
what type of mammals ? E. Hot Water and High Pressure Washing

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 757

6983. Deep Ocean currents are a result of dif- 6988. Spring tides occur when the sun, Earth
ferences in and moon form a

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A. Global Wind Patterns A. straight line
B. Earth’s Rotation B. 90 degree angle
C. Density C. Both A and B
D. All of the above D. None of the above

6984. Amount of salt found in water 6989. What can an ROV be compared to?
A. submarine
A. Photic Zone
B. remote control car with a cord
B. Gulf Stream
C. remote control car with NO cord
C. Photosynthesis
D. an island
D. Salinity
6990. What is the Abyssal Plain
6985. Most geologists think that the move-
A. A large body of water in the middle of
ment of Earth’s plates is caused by
the ocean.
B. A deep trench in the ocean.
C. A mountainous region on the ocean
floor.
D. A flat, sediment-covered area of the
ocean floor.
6991. Which of the following increases as you
A. convection. go deeper into the ocean?
A. How fresh the water is
B. continental drift.
B. Pressure
C. subduction.
C. Temperature
D. conduction.
D. The number of plants
6986. In a spring tide, the the tidal range
6992. Pacific-type continental margin, located
A. does not change. near the edges of converging plates
B. is equal to the neap tide. A. active margin
C. is larger than the neap tide B. passive margin
D. is smaller than the neap tide C. active coast

6987. What group of people termed the name D. passive coast


“ocean”? 6993. Which job would be best for George?
A. Polynesians A. Solider
B. Romans B. Teacher
C. Egyptians C. Farmer
D. Greeks D. Scientist

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 758

6994. What is a consequence of El Niño on C. earthquakes


marine ecosystems in the eastern Pacific D. none of these are correct
Ocean?
6999. Salinity does not vary because of
A. Reduced nutrient availability due to
weakened upwelling A. inflow of fresh water
B. Increased phytoplankton blooms B. rate of evaporation
along the coast C. movement of humans

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Expansion of cold-water coral reefs D. movement of the water
D. Enhanced productivity in fisheries due 7000. What is the Gulf Stream?
to warmer waters
A. a cool ocean current flowing from the
6995. How many colleges in the United States Gulf of Mexico
offer geological oceanography programs? B. a warm ocean current flowing from the
A. 40 Gulf of Mexico
B. 20 C. a warm ocean current flowing from the
Persian Gulf
C. 10
D. a cool ocean current flowing from the
D. 30
Persian Gulf
6996. How does temperature and salinity af- 7001. Which are landforms created by ero-
fect density? sion?
A. Low temperature and high salinity = A. Spits
high density
B. Wave-cut platforms
B. High temperature and high salinity =
C. Beaches
high density
D. Caves
C. High temperature and low salinity =
high density 7002. tides are caused by
D. Low temperature and low salinity = A. wind
high density B. gravity of earth/moon/sun
6997. The Pacific Ocean is the and C. coriolis effect
ocean D. sinking water
A. largest, most shallow
7003. Identify #3 and #9
B. smallest, deepest
C. largest, deepest
D. smallest, most shallow
A. Continental shelf
6998. Currents are water movements created B. Continental slope
by
C. Continental rise
A. the wakes of large ocean-going ves-
D. Seamount
sels (ships)
E. Rift Valley
B. friction between moving air (wind) and
the water’s surface Explanation:

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 759

7004. Determine at what depth the halocline 7007. the constant pressure of water around
reaches its maximum salinity? a submerged organism

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A. hydrostatic pressure
B. high pressure
C. hydraulic pressure
D. none of above

7008. First to circumnavigated the world’s


oceans
A. They grew up
B. Cook
A. 0 meters C. Drake
B. 100 meters D. Columbus
C. 200 meters
7009. What are the differences in high tide
D. 400 meters and low tide during a spring tide?
7005. This is a term used to describe the un- A. very little differences
derwater landscape B. no difference
A. Bathymetry
C. extreme differences
B. Altimetry
D. none of above
C. Symmetry
D. Isostasy 7010. What percentage has our ocean be dis-
covered?
7006. was known for his “aqualung, “ the A. 5%
first scuba.
B. 10%
C. 25%
D. 30%

7011. Which part of the ocean floor is located


at G?

A. continental shelf
A. Matthew Maury B. trench
B. Magellan C. continental slope
C. Range D. abyssal plain
D. Jacques Cousteau E. volcanic island

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 760

7012. An instrument attached to a collecting 7017. unequal heating and rotation of the
net that can be used to determine where in earth causes patterns that determine re-
the water column specimens are collected. gional climates
A. Nansen Bottle A. watershed
B. Niskin Bottle B. surface currents
C. Reversible Thermometer C. solute
D. Sin D. deep ocean currents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder 7018. This is the area where the crust of the
7013. As you rise through the water column, earth changes from continental to oceanic.
starting at the bottom of the ocean A. Continental Shelf
A. temperature increases B. Continental Trench
B. pressure increases C. Delta
C. light decreases D. Continental Wall
D. density increases 7019. What CAUSES the tides in our oceans:
7014. The amount of salt in ocean water is: A. wind
B. currents
C. density differences
D. gravitational pull of the moon and sun

7020. What type of bond unites the Hydrogen


and Oxygen to form a water molecule?
A. 2 % A. Hydrogen
B. 2.5% B. Polar
C. 3 % C. Ionic
D. 3.5% D. Covalent
7015. Guyot 7021. Fossils are
A. flat topped seamount A. sediment
B. volcanic island B. silt
C. submarine canyon C. fossils
D. deep trench D. none of above
7016. The ability of an organism to produce its 7022. Which of the following effects of cli-
own light is known as mate change has the greatest impact on
A. bioluminescence our coast line?
B. luminosity A. sea level rise
C. electricity B. ocean acidification
D. none of above C. forest fires

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 761

D. decline in polar bear population A. Transform


Explanation:Sea level rise has the great- B. Convergent
est impact on our coastlines among the

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given options. It occurs due to melting C. Divergent
glaciers and thermal expansion of seawa- D. Convergent and divergent
ter as the Earth’s temperature increases.
This leads to coastal erosion, flooding,
and loss of habitat for both humans and
wildlife. While ocean acidification, forest Explanation:
fires, and decline in polar bear population
are also effects of climate change, they
do not directly impact coastlines as signif-
icantly as sea level rise. We will find volcanoes at convergent and
divergent plate boundaries.
7023. Number one on the digram represents
what ocean floor feature? 7026. 0 degrees latitude (The Equator) re-
ceives the most direct sunlight of any lati-
tude line on Earth, but has a lower salinity
than the tropics. What explains this?
A. The equator has a high rate of evapo-
ration
B. The equator experiences low amounts
A. Continental Rise of precipitation
B. Continental Drift C. The equator experiences high
amounts of precipitation
C. Continental Shelf
D. The equator experiences low amounts
D. Continental Slope
of evaporation
7024. Which later of the Earth behaves in a
7027. Which of the following is not a con-
plastic manner?
sumer?
A. Crust
A. Phytoplankton
B. Lithosphere
B. Sharks
C. Asthenosphere
C. Whales
D. Outer Core
D. Zooplankton
7025. At what plate boundaries will we find
7028. “collar cells” in sponges
volcanoes?
A. ostia
B. a kiss
C. choanocyte
D. cnidocyte

7029. Density of seawater depands on


A. Temperature

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 762

B. Salinity 7035. What would be considered variables in


C. pH an experiment to make an egg float?
A. The size of the egg, its weight, and the
D. Pressure
color
7030. What mythical creatures are manatees B. The amount of water, the amount of
and dugongs believed to have inspired? salt, and height of the egg in water
A. mermaids C. The container, the color of the water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. unicorns and the salinity

C. dragons D. The person conducting the experiment,


the color pen, and enthusiasm for the ex-
D. loch-ness periment
7031. What does “waning” mean? 7036. The broad, relatively shallow area that
A. growing includes the edge of a continental land-
mass.
B. shrinking
A. Continental Drift
C. lighted
B. Continental Plane
D. dark
C. Continental Shelf
7032. A solution is made of two components, D. Continental Breakfast
a(n) and a(n)
7037. convergent boundary
A. bond atom
B. atom molecule A.
C. solute solvent
D. ion atom
B.
7033. The Gulf Stream is
A. Off the coast of the Gulf of California
C.
B. a current in the Atlantic Ocean that
flows on the eastern coast of North Amer-
ica D. none of above
C. Off the coast of the Gulf of Jersey 7038. How does the temperature of ocean wa-
D. Flowing south from England along the ter create deep currents?
coast of Aftrica A. Warm water is more dense so it sinks,
creating deep currents.
7034. This collects and transmits a variety of
weather and sea data B. Cold water is more dense so it sinks,
creating deep currents.
A. grab sampler
C. Cold water is less dense so it floats,
B. buoy
creating surface currents.
C. gravity corer D. Warm water is less dense so it floats,
D. sonar creating surface currents.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 763

7039. What drives surface currents? 7043. What is the Gulf Stream?
A. Unequal solar heating A. a surface current

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B. Wind B. deep current
C. a river
C. Coriolis effect
D. a climate event
D. Gravity
7044. Which zone is below 200 m?
E. All of the above
A. photic
7040. Which of the following would you ex- B. neritic
pect to find on a summertime beach?
C. oceanic
A. A wide, sandy berm
D. benthic
B. A rocky terrain along the beach E. aphotic
C. Larger, high-energy waves
7045. What does the ocean provide for us?
D. none of above Choose all that apply.
A. Food (fish and seafood)
7041. What happens to the pressure as you
get deeper into the oceans? B. Oxygen for the air that we breathe
C. Medicine
D. A way to transport goods
E. Fun activities/water sports
7046. A steep drop-off from the continental
shelf that plunges to depths of 2 and 1/4
miles
A. Continental Slope
B. Trench
C. Rift
A. pressure increases D. Continental Shelf
B. pressure decreases
7047. Compared with surface currents, deep
C. pressure stays the same currents are
D. none of above

7042. Currents that occur as a result of break-


ing waves perpendicular to the coastline in
coastal waters are known as
A. tidal current
B. rip current
A. colder and less dense.
C. longshore current B. warmer and less dense.
D. equatorial current C. warmer and denser.
E. seiche current D. colder and denser.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 764

7048. When did Miller and Urey conduct their A. direct


lab experiment that had major implications B. indirect
about the development of life on Earth?
C. no relationship
A. 1940s
D. there is very little salt in the ocean
B. 1950s
C. 1960s 7053. Driven by wind

D. 1970s A. Surface Current

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Deep Current
7049. Keeps the seaweed buoyant/afloat
7054. What happens when you decrease the
water temperature and increase salinity?
A. Water becomes less dense
B. Water becomes more dense
C. Both
D. Neither

7055. Movements of water far below the sur-


face are called
A. Convection Currents
A. holdfast
B. Deep-Ocean Currents
B. gas bladder
C. Surface Currents
C. blade
D. Waves
D. stipe
7056. What causes most waves?
7050. Which of the following is NOT a con-
sumer A. Gravity
B. Wind
A. grass
C. Underwater Volcanoes
B. dog
D. Underwater landslides
C. shark
D. fish 7057. Whateffect does the Coriolis Effect have
on Surface Currents?
7051. Which pair of factors determines the
A. Causesthem to move south
density of ocean water?
B. Causesthem to move in a circle
A. salinity and latitude
C. Causesthem to move north
B. latitude and longitude
D. Only effects winds
C. salinity and temperature
D. longitude and temperature 7058. Label E

7052. All other factors being equal, the rela-


tionship between salinity and water den-
sity is

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 765

A. continental slope 7064. What are bonds that are formed by the
B. volcanic island sharing of paired electrons, like what hap-
pens in a water molecule?

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C. abyssal plain
A. covalent bonds
D. sea mount
B. proton bonds
7059. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted by C. cohesion bonds
23.5◦ relative to the plane of its orbit,
D. ionic bonds
which helps to cause
A. day and night 7065. True or False?Sea level has risen and
fallen again and again over time.
B. the seasons
A. True
C. high and low tides
B. False
D. the lunar phases
7066. Which of the following situations are
7060. How much of earth’s water is liquid likely to maintain OR increase the salinity
fresh water? of ocean water?
A. 3% A. River runoff from continents
B. 2% B. Increased melting of sea ice and
C. 1% glaciers
D. 5% C. Decreased melting of sea ice and
glaciers
7061. What type of symmetry do cnidarians D. Increased evaporation
have
E. Decreased precipitation
A. asymmetrical
7067. What characteristic makes a SEA differ-
B. bilateral
ent from an OCEAN?
C. radial
A. Size and depth
D. none of above
B. Salinity and waves
7062. What type of boundary is formed when C. Location and wildlife
plates separate? D. Color and temperature
A. convergent
7068. light is the least attenuated.
B. horizontal
A. Red
C. divergent
B. Green
D. transform
C. Blue
7063. Mid-Ocean ridges are boundaries. D. Yellow
A. Convergent
7069. What is a way we can protect estuar-
B. Divergent ies?
C. Transform A. Not polluting in our river basin
D. all of the above B. Dumping chemicals down drains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 766

C. Littering in waterways 7074. The highest point on a transverse wave


D. Washing a car in a driveway instead of is the
a car wash A. crest
B. trough
7070. A dangerous current formed when a sec-
tion of a sandbar is eroded. To prevent C. resting position
this current from sweeping you to sea you D. peak
should swim parallel to shore.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7075. The flat seafloor in the deep-ocean basin
A. rip current
is called the
B. longshore current
A. Continental shelf
C. tidal current
B. Abyssal plain
D. none of above
C. Mid-ocean ridge
7071. Choose the correct option D. Rift valley

7076. What is the largest animal that has ever


lived?
A. blue whale
B. dolphin
C. spotted whale
D. great white shark
A. Arabian Sea
7077. Which molecule makes water acidic?
B. Bay of Bengal
A. Carbonate Ions
C. Mediterranean Sea
B. Carbon Dioxide
D. Red Sea
7078. Stream-like movements of water that
7072. Which of the following contains salt wa- occur at or near the surface of the ocean
ter? are called
A. raindrops A. jet streams
B. oceans B. Coriolis currents
C. groundwater C. surface currents
D. polar icecaps D. deep currents

7073. Which ocean zone is characterized by 7079. Which best explains why runoff is im-
high water pressure, low temperatures, portant?
and no sunlight?
A. intertidal zone
B. abyssal zone
C. pelagic zone
D. neritic zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 767

A. It returns water to other locations on 7085. According to your textbook (Wohlers et


Earth al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
scribes from what marine resources does

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B. It increases the chance of flooding
about half the worldwide of magnesium
C. It makes evaporation occur faster come?
D. It increases condensation A. magnesium is the second highest ele-
ment to dissolve in seawater
7080. The major difference between a tropical
storm and a hurricane is B. it occurs primarily as magnesium chlo-
ride (MgCl2)
A. rainfall amounts
C. it occurs primarily as magnesium ni-
B. wind speed trate, Mg(NO3)2
C. air temperature
D. it occurs primarily as runoff freshwa-
D. circulation ter

7081. Why is a shark a carnivore. 7086. This was the name of the submarine
A. because it eats seaweed that could hold people

B. because it eats dead animals A. Alvin


C. because it eats sand B. Bruce
D. because it eats other animals C. Meteor

7082. What is a classification of movement D. Albert


from ocean organisms?
7087. How many feet are in one fathom?
A. plankton
A. 3 feet
B. sunlight
B. 6 feet
7083. What country has the longest coast
line? C. 12 feet

A. Canada D. 20 feet

B. Germany 7088. This trench is the deepest part of the


C. Australia world’s ocean and the deepest location on
the surface of the earth.
D. New Zealand
A. trench
7084. What landform is produced at the mouth
of the Mississippi River? B. guyot

A. delta C. Mariana Trench

B. alluvial fan D. seamount

C. drumlin
7089. What part of the water cycle does this
D. none of above picture show?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 768

A. Cont. Shelf
B. Cont. Slope

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. condensation C. Cont. Rise
B. precipitation D. Shelf Break
C. evaporation
7094. What is the main job of geological
D. none of above oceanographers?
7090. Objects traveling the northern hemi- A. Designing Ships
sphere current move than the southern B. Mapping the Seafloor
hemisphere currents. Objects in the north-
ern hemisphere take years to return C. Fishing
back to the original departure point. D. Conducting Experiments
A. slower
7095. Which expedition collected, classified,
B. quicker and preserved over 4700 new marine
C. 3 species?
D. 6 A. USS Atlantic
B. HMS Challenger
7091. The ancient remains of which of the fol-
lowing, buried before they could decom- C. USS Albatross
pose, are the source of today’s petroleum
D. NSS Forward
deposits?
A. Dinosaurs 7096. Which process involves the wearing
away of the coastline by powerful waves?
B. Fish and amphibians
C. Land based plants A. Erosion

D. Microscopic organisms B. Transportation


C. Deposition
7092. Which property of seawater is influ-
enced by the amount of dissolved salts? D. none of above

A. pH 7097. Data that are qualitative are always-


B. salinity A. described in words
C. density B. represented in numbers
D. temperature C. repeated for verification
7093. What is number 10 D. the most accurate type of data

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 769

7098. What kingdom’s organisms often live in B. trenches


super harsh environments? C. mountains

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A. archea D. coral reefs
B. the animal
7103. the increasing concentration of a sub-
C. plantae stance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tis-
D. protists sues of organisms at successively higher
levels in a food chain
7099. Boundary is where 2 plates move away
from each other. A. biomagnification
A. transform B. salinity
B. divergent C. run off
C. convergent D. precipitation
D. none of above 7104. Which feature would you reach after the
continental shelf, if you were able to walk
7100. What is Pangaea? along the ocean bottom from a beach?

A. abyssal plains
B. mid-ocean ridge
A. the name of a German scientist
C. continental slope
B. the name of the super-continent that
D. deep ocean trench
existed millions of years ago
C. another name for continental drift 7105. What is the ocean layer where plants
can grow?
D. the name of an ancient fossil
A. Twilight Zone
7101. Which of the following contributors was
NOT a researcher? B. Sunlight Zone

A. Archimedes C. Midnight Zone

B. Sir Charles Thomson D. Plant Zone

C. Christopher Columbus 7106. An on the ocean floor causes a


D. Frederick Vine tsunami.
A. tidal wave
7102. The tops of underwater mountains that
show above the surface of the ocean form B. earthquake
C. aftershock
A. volcanic islands D. underquake

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 770

7107. Zone of the Edwards Aquifer which 7110. What is an area of land from which rain
hydrostatic pressure pushes water out and snowmelt drains into a river, stream,
through wells & springs or other body of water?
A. artesian zone A. Watershed
B. contributing zone B. Tributary
C. recharge zone C. Bay
D. the ozone D. Runoff

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7108. What tiny plants live near the surface 7111. Upper part of the oceanic zone that re-
of the ocean and produce lots of oxygen? ceives light
A. benthic zone
B. photic zone
A.
C. aphotic zone
D. neritic zone
7112. The two most abundant components of
B.
dry air are
A. nitrogen and oxygen
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C.
C. oxygen and water vapor
D. nitrogen and carbon dioxide
D.
7113. What are some affects of El Nino?
A. heavy rains
E. B. flooding
C. drought in India
D. none of above
7109. What is oceanography?
7114. Which of the following is an abiotic fac-
tor that affects marine ecosystems?
A. Pressure
B. Algae
C. Predators
D. Food Web

A. the study of whales 7115. What is the most abundant salt in the
sea?
B. the study of the ocean and all of it’s
parts A. calcium chloride
C. the study of sharks B. magnesium chloride
D. the study of how the oceans were C. potassium chloride
formed D. sodium chloride

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 771

7116. All of the continents were once part of B. Eratosthenes


one large continent called
C. Claudius Ptolemy

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A. Panacea
D. Vikings
B. Pangea
E. Pytheas
C. North America
D. Gondwana 7120. How much of the Earth is covered in
fresh water?
7117. A group of 6th-grade students are
studying where water is located on the A. 25%
Earth’s surface. The graph shows the B. 75%
distribution of water on Earth’s sur-
face. Which questions can students MOST C. 97.5%
LIKELY ask to determine where water is D. 2.5%
located on the Earth’s surface?
7121. Compared to an eastern boundary cur-
rent in a gyre, which of the following
statements is true for a western boundary
current?
A. Warmer water
B. Increased current velocity
A. Is most of the Earth’s freshwater C. Deeper currents, increased current ve-
found in the oceans? locity, warmer water, and narrower cur-
B. Is most of the Earth’s freshwater rent are all true of western boundary cur-
found in groundwater? rents

C. Is most of the Earth’s global water D. Narrower current


available in the oceans?
7122. Which group of organisms will be hurt
D. Is most of the Earth’s global water by garbage that sinks to the ocean floor?
available on the surface?
A. Plankton:free floating microoranisms
7118. The shallowest(least deep) part of the
ocean is the B. Nekton:free-swimming fish

A. trench C. Benthos:life forms that live on the


ocean floor
B. abyssal plain
D. none of above
C. continental shelf
D. continental slope 7123. Provides support and height to the leaf-
like structures of the seaweed.
7119. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an-
swer choice best describes the Greek as- A. Blade
tronomer in 325 BCE that discovered a B. Holdfast
method for determining latitude? (From
Chapter 1.2) C. Pneumatocyst / bulb / gas bladder
A. Phoenicians D. Stipe

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 772

7124. When we go to beach, we are allowed A. bucket disks


to go on B. Nansen bottle
C. Sonar
D. Chronometer

7129. The higher the salinity of the water


A. continental slope A. the lower the “saltiness”

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. continental shelf B. the higher the density
C. abyssal plain C. the warmer it is
D. sea mount D. the cooler it is
7125. The property of seawater used in HY- 7130. Cold water is dense than hot water
DROMETERS to measure salinity is and will
A. density. A. more; sink
B. electrical conductivity. B. less; sink
C. optical refraction.
C. more; rise
D. heat capacity.
D. less; rise
7126. Layering in the ocean occurs because
7131. List the three real ocean zones
A. surface processes form water layers
of differing combinations of salinity and A. Krypton
temperature B. sunlight
B. processes at depth add and subtract C. abyssal
salt and heat
D. missing
C. atmospheric processes control condi-
tions at the surface E. twilight

D. All of these are correct 7132. In Earth’s early history, water vapor in
E. surface processes form water layers the atmosphere condensed into the
of differing combinations of salinity and A. crust.
temperature and atmospheric processes
B. oceans.
control conditions at the surface.
C. continents.
7127. This phylum includes cartilage fish.
D. mountains.
A. Osteichthyes
B. Chondrichthyes 7133. Petroleum and natural gas form from
C. Porifera
A. strong winds
D. Cnidarians
B. cooled magma
7128. What device enables scientists to mea-
sure the distances from the ocean surface C. radioactive materials
to the seafloor more accurately. D. remains of plants and animals

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 773

7134. Long, narrow depressions, forms when


one tectonic plate moves under another
one

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A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Deep-ocean basin
C. Ocean Trench A. True
D. Seamount B. False
7135. This historical underwater invention is 7140. Moving crustal plates plunging back into
used to take water samples at a desired Earth’s mantle causes this feature
depth without the danger of mixing with
water from other depths. A. deep-ocean trench

A. FNRS-2 B. turbidity currents


C. continental rise
B. Trieste
D. submarine canyon
C. Slocum Glider
D. Niskin Bottles 7141. What does this diagram show?
E. CTD

7136. Most marine life lives deep in the


abyssal plain.
A. True
B. False
A. Subduction
7137. The time between successive waves is
called the B. Tsunami
A. crest C. Volcanic island arc
B. trough D. Seafloor spreading
C. period 7142. Much of the Earth’s oxygen is produced
D. frequency by-
A. zooplankton
7138. During there are strong Southeast
Trade Winds. B. the sun

A. Normal Conditions C. phytoplankton

B. The boy D. fish

7143. Continental Crust is and dense.


7139. Heat Capacity is a measure of the heat
required to raise the temperature of 1g A. Thicker; more
of a substance by 1◦ C. So True or B. Thicker:less
False:Water has a very high heat capacity,
which means it resists changing tempera- C. Thinner:more
ture when heat is added or removed. D. Thinner; less

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 774

7144. As you go deeper in the ocean, the 7148. Choose the correct option
decreases.
A. water
B. salinity
C. temperature
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7145. form when wind blows the crest off A. Arctic Ocean
of a wave.
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean

7149. Describe the difference in land (amount)


between the Northern and Southern Hemi-
spheres:
A. The southern hemisphere has no land.
A. Breakers B. The Northern Hemisphere has no land
B. Undertows C. The Northern hemisphere has more
land than the Southern hemisphere
C. Rip currents
D. The Southern hemisphere has more
D. Whitecaps land than the Northern hemisphere
7146. As the Earth travels around the sun, this E. The Northern hemisphere and the
tilt causes different areas of the Earth’s Southern hemisphere have the exact
surface to get different amounts of day- same amount of land and water.
light at different times of the year. The
angle of the Sun’s rays to the surface also
causes areas to have more or less of the Explanation:
Sun’s energy. This causes the
A. months
B. day and night 7150. This is the largest intact meteorite. If
it was broken down into sediment, what
C. seasons
kind would it be?
D. years

7147. What does bathymetry mean?


A. The study of the “bed” or “floor” of
bodies of water.
B. The sink basin
C. bodies of water
D. Sonar emits A. Lithogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 775

B. Biogenous C. spring
C. Hydrogenous D. fall

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D. Cosmogenous 7155. What branch of science is not used in
7151. What is a type of ocean current? Oceanography?

A. Surface currents A. Physics

B. Deep ocean currents B. Theology

C. Electrical current C. Chemistry

D. Red current D. Ecology

7156. The center of this image is the


7152. What is the independent variable of this
experiment based on this graph?

A. North Pole
B. South Pole
C. Equator
A. the length of the gummy bear before it D. Prime Meridian
was submerged
7157. The Sun and the rest of the solar sys-
B. the different types of solutions used to tem formed about 5 billion years ago from
submerge the gummy bears. a huge cloud of dust and gas called a
C. the length of the gummy bears after A. nebula
they were submerged in different liquids
B. solar system
D. none of above
C. protoplanet
7153. Oceans cover more than two-thirds of D. supernova
Earth’s surface.
7158. What type of cloud are these?
A. True
B. False

7154. In what season would the days be the


longest, with the Sun rising early and set-
ting late?
A. winter
B. summer

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 776

A. cirrus 7163. Mako


B. cumulus A. Great White
C. stratus B. Tiger Shark
D. stratocumulus C. Bull Shark

7159. What is this organism? What Class D. none of above


does it belong to?
7164. This type of sediment is the most abun-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
dant. They originate on the continents or
islands from erosion, volcanic eruptions,
and blown dust.
A. terrigenous
B. biogenous
C. hydrogenous
D. cosmogenous

7165. How many ocean subdivisions are there


A. jellyfish:scyphozoa in the world?

B. Portuguese man-of-war:hydrozoa A. 10

C. hydra:hydrozoa B. 7

D. coral:anthozoa C. 5
D. none of above
7160. Great masses of sediment-laden water
that are pulled downhill by gravity are 7166. What is the bottom part of a wave
called called?
A. contour currents A. crest
B. bottom currents B. trough
C. turbidity currents C. wave length
D. traction currents D. wave height
7161. The lithosphere is composed of
7167. Shortly after the devastating 2011
A. upper mantle and crust Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, the Chikyu drill-
B. crust only ship began an expedition to study which
of the following?
C. upper mantle only
A. Earth’s climate change patterns
D. all layers except the inner core
B. Earthquake-generated heat from fric-
7162. s waves move tion
A. vertically C. The mechanism that causes tsunamis
B. horizontally D. The properties of the deep crust

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 777

7168. Wave reflection is when: B. Outer Bands, Eyewall


A. a wave breaks on the shore C. Eye of the Storm, Outer Bands

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B. a wave rebounds directly back off a D. Eye of the Storm, Eyewall
point
7174. Which of the following is not plankton?
C. bends and wraps around a headland
D. spreads out in a bay

7169. The difference between high and low


tide is the same every day
A. True
B. False
A. phytoplankton
7170. The ocean floor
B. zooplankton
A. Is a completely flat bed of sand
C. jellyfish
B. Is covered in mountains, trenches, and
plains D. octopus

C. Covers less area than land 7175. What percent of Earth is made of wa-
D. Is the same depth all over ter?
A. 25%
7171. Level of the ocean in which no light
penetrates-deepest part of the ocean- B. 50%
coldest portion C. 72%
A. deep zone D. 90%
B. intertidal zone 7176. Horseshoe crabs are what type of ma-
C. photic zone rine arthropod?
D. surface zone A. Chelicerate
B. Crustacean
7172. What happens as the depth of the ocean
water increases? C. Insect
A. The temperature increases, Light in- D. Mollusk
creases, and pressure decreases
7177. The free-swimming first stage of the
B. The temperature decreases, Light in- larva of certain crustaceans, having an un-
creases, and pressure increases segmented body with three pairs of ap-
C. The temperature decreases, the pres- pendages and a single median eye?
sure increases, and the amount of light de-
creases
D. none of above

7173. The most dangerous part of a hurricane


is the and the calmest part is the
A. Eyewall, Eye of the Storm

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 778

A. Nauplius C. Continental Slope


B. Veliger D. Abyssal Plains
C. Get used to it E. Oceanic Trench
D. Zooplankton Explanation:The continental shelf is the
coastal area that we walk on at the beach
7178. Use the diagram above to identify the Of the sea levels rise then it would be
feature at location D. most impacted since it is not completely
under water normally

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7182. When dissolved oxygen increases, the
temperature of the water is most likely
A. cold
B. warm
A. Abyssal Plain
C. hot
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. room temperature
C. Trench
D. Continental Slope 7183. A coast where the amount of exposed
coast is increasing; sea level is lowering
7179. What is the largest ocean? due to evaporation, freezing, plate tecton-
A. Pacific ics, etc.
B. Atlantic A. beach
C. Southern B. submergent coast
D. Arctic C. emergent coast
7180. What answer choice best describes nat- D. shore
ural gas energy?
7184. You want to make a graph for an exper-
A. referred to as Liquid Petroleum iment you did about plant growth over a
B. consumers use it as cooking fuel, to two week period of time. What type of
heat houses, and sometimes as vehicle graph would you use?
fuel A. bar graph
C. matter usually thought of as garbage; B. line graph
includes things like leaves, tree branches,
leftover crops, wood chips, bark, animal C. pictograph
manure and old tires D. pie chart
D. energy is transferred to the turbines
of the generator and produces electricity 7185. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water
found?
7181. If sea levels rose, what part of the
A. polar caps, glaciers
oceans topography would be most im-
pacted? B. great lakes
A. Continental Shelf C. ponds
B. Continental Rise D. the artic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 779

7186. Scientists use to determine the B. Bathymetry


oceans depth. C. Limnology

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D. Oceanography
7190. The measurement of a wavelength is
the length from
A. crest to crest
B. crest to trough
C. trough to trough
D. trough to crest
7191. Another name for light bending is
A. Submarines A. Reflaction
B. Sonar B. Absorbing
C. Helicopters C. Refraction
D. Radiowaves D. mirror

7187. Discuss the importance of studying sur- 7192. Matching rock structures and ancient cli-
face currents for navigation and shipping. mates are evidence for (a) .
A. Studying surface currents is a waste of A. a Continental Drift
time and resources B. Plate tectonics
B. Navigation and shipping are not af- C. Theory of Pangea
fected by surface currents D. none of above
C. Surface currents have no impact on
7193. Mountains form from
navigation and shipping
A. plates sliding past one another
D. Surface currents provide important in-
formation for navigation and shipping, B. collision of plates
helping to determine the most efficient C. plates moving away from each other
routes. D. none of above
7188. In 2010, what type of fishing gear was 7194. A Current that travels along the poles is
used? It is used to catch most aquatic ani- classified as a Current.
mals.
A. Warm
A. fishing nets
B. Cold
B. Surrounding net
7195. What is cosmology?
C. Mid-water trawl
A. The study of the origin of the earth, so-
D. bottom trawl lar system, and universe
7189. is defined as the study of the bio- B. The study of the earth and its features.
logical, chemical, and physical properties C. The study of the material world beyond
of the sea. the Earth’s atmosphere.
A. Meteorology D. The study of cosmetics.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 780

7196. In the Southern Hemisphere, water de- 7202. Marine life that can swim independently
flects to the throughout the ocean is classified as
A. Right
B. Left
C. North
D. South
7197. Sedimenet is deposited as a river enters

NARAYAN CHANGDER
a lake because the
A. velocity of the river decreases
A. Plankton
B. force of gravity decreases
B. Nekton
C. volume of water increases
C. Benthos
D. slope of the river increases
D. Aquatic
7198. Discuss two physical features found in
the Pacific Ocean and their significance in 7203. Spring Tides occur during the Full and
the marine ecosystem New Moon.
A. Ocean trenches and coral reefs A. True
B. Mid-ocean ridges and seamounts B. False
C. Continental shelves and abyssal plains
D. Coastal upwelling and gyres 7204. The largest of Earth’s oceans is the
A. Pacific
7199. A duck in the water moves due to
the waves. B. Atlantic
A. up and down C. Indian
B. side to side D. Arctic
7200. the movement of water parallel to a 7205. The Gulf Stream is
shoreline produced by the approach of
waves at an angle to the shore A. a stream behind the school

A. longshore current B. a current in the Atlantic Ocean that


flows on the eastern coast of North Amer-
B. sediment
ica
C. longshore transport
C. a boat
D. littoral drift
D. part of the ocean floor
E. swell
7206. Which type of wave moves parallel to
7201. Which end of the water molecule has a
the direction of the wave?
slightly positive charge?
A. the oxygen end A. transverse
B. the hydrogen end B. longitudinal
C. both ends are slightly positive C. surface
D. neither end is positive D. electromagnetic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 781

7207. What best describes the “abyssal C. latitude


plain?” D. parallax

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A. Tectonic plate drop-off
7213. These marine mammals use blubber for
B. Flat area of seabed insulation:
C. Bumpy area of ocean floor
A. all marine mammals.
D. Deepest part of the ocean
B. cetaceans and pinnipeds only.
7208. Name feature A C. cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds.
D. cetaceans and sirenians only.

7214. Which of the following is NOT an exam-


ple of a marine organism adapting to avoid
sinking.
A. trench A. Planktonic organisms store food in
B. continental slope lightweight waxes and oils which increase
buoyancy.
C. guyot
B. Some species have light skeletons
D. mid-ocean ridge
C. A pug learning to swim
7209. is the temperature to which air must D. Bony fish have gas bladders to control
be cooled to reach saturation. buoyancy
A. Humid point
7215. Which invertebrates have bodies
B. Temperature index
shaped like bowls. They have many sting-
C. Relative Humidity ing tentacles which hang down from their
D. Dew Point bodies.
A. Star Fish
7210. Sea water absorbs light so the deeper
you go, the darker it gets. B. Blanket Ray
A. TRUE C. Jellyfish
B. FALSE D. Sharks

7211. The two factors that affect the density 7216. What level of beaufort scale is Wind felt
of seawater are on exposed skin. Leaves rustle.
A. Temperature and latitude A. calm
B. Temperature and salinity B. light air
C. Salinity and latitude C. light breeze
D. temperature and wind D. gentle breeze

7212. Which coordinate is used to tell distance 7217. The salinity of the ocean is the same ev-
(in degrees) north or south of the equator? erywhere.
A. longitude A. True
B. altitude B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 782

7218. What is the distance between wave C. quick discharge into the nearby Mis-
crests called (b)? souri river
D. excavation into the aquifer by building
and construction

7223. What is the bottom of the food chain /


pyramid in the ocean?
A. Phytoplankton

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Small fish
A. amplitude
C. Iron
B. wavelength
D. Zooplankton
C. wave height
D. frequency 7224. There are how many different types of
crust?
7219. why is our atmosphere important A. 1
A. provides 02 for respiration B. 2
B. keeps us warm C. 5
C. shields us from high level radiation. D. 3
D. all of the above
7225. Invented the chronometer, made naviga-
7220. The intensity of solar radiation received tion by longitude possible
at lower latitudes (near the equator) com- A. Ferdinand Magellan
pared to higher latitudes (near the poles)
B. Basque da Gama
is
C. James Cook
A. greater
D. John Harrison
B. the same
C. lower 7226. area in a body of water that is deeper
than 200 meters where sunlight does not
D. none of above
penetrate to allow photosynthesis to take
7221. Which of the following statements are place.
true? A. photic zone
A. Saltwater is more dense that freshwa- B. aphotic zone
ter
C. oceanography
B. Freshwater is more dense than saltwa- D. abyssal plain
ter
7227. Warm ocean currents generally come
7222. What is the single most important ac- from
tivity behind the depletion of the Ogallala
aquifer? A. The North Pole

A. extraction for drinking water in nearby B. The South Pole


cities and towns C. The Equator
B. agricultural irrigation D. Both A and B

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 783

7228. New oceanic crust (sea floor) is created D. The wave height of a tsunami is much
at this boundary. lower in the center of the ocean than it is
near shore.

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7233. was known as being the first
woman to dive un-tethered to the bottom
of the ocean.

A. Divergent Oceanic
B. Divergent Continental
C. Convergent Oceanic
D. Transform

7229. What is the chemical composition of salt


found in seawater?
A. H2O
A. Sylvia Earl
B. NaCl
C. Q12 Hto 12 B. Robert Ballard

D. none of above C. Marci Sledge


D. Paris Hilton
7230. These are created by the pull od the
Sun’s and Moon’s gravity
7234. Why does the moon’s gravitational pull
A. Waves have more of effect on tides than the sun’s
B. Ocean gravitational pull?
C. Paper A. they are the same
D. Tides B. the moon is larger than the sun

7231. What is one importance of upwelling? C. tides are not caused by the moon
A. More nutrients for the organisms. D. the moon is closer to the Earth than the
sun
B. Warmer water.
Explanation:The moon’s gravitational pull
C. No significant importance has more of an effect on tides than the
D. none of above sun’s because the moon is closer to the
Earth. Despite the sun being larger, dis-
7232. What is the difference between a tance plays a crucial role in gravitational
tsunami and other types of ocean waves? pull. The closer objects are to each
A. They form when a large volume of wa- other, the stronger the gravitational inter-
ter is suddenly moved up or down. action. Therefore, the moon, being closer
to Earth, has a greater effect on tides.
B. Wave energy of tsunamis increase as
the water depth decreases. 7235. are higher high tides and lower low
C. Tsunami is caused by the disruption of tides. These happen when the sun, moon,
deep ocean currents. and Earth are aligned with one another.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 784

7240. Ocean #4 is

A. spring tides

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. neap tides A. Indian
C. slack tide B. Atlantic
D. red tide
7241. Which instrument can measure both lat-
7236. During winter months, monsoon winds itude and longitude?
over the Indian Ocean A. compass
A. the direction of airflow is unchanged B. sextant
but precipitation increases
C. octant
B. flow from land to sea and are wet
D. gyrocompass
C. flow from land to sea and are dry
D. flow from sea to land and are dry 7242. How much of the ocean mass is made up
of dissolved solids?
7237. The Earth’s rotation causes surface cur- A. 3%
rents to curve. What is this called?
B. 2.5%
A. The Curving Effect
C. 3.5%
B. The Transitional Effect
D. 4%
C. The Coriolis Effect
D. The Halocline Effect 7243. A long, narrow, steep-sided valley that
forms the deepest parts of the ocean
7238. Where on the ocean floor does sea floor A. Rift
spreading occur?
B. Continental Slope
A. trench
C. Trench
B. volcanic island
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. continental slope 7244. What type of temperature measure-
ment system is used most in science be-
7239. What is the cause that apparently cause it is based on water’s physical prop-
causes earth’s winds to curve? erties?
A. Archimedes principle A. Kelvin
B. gravity B. Atom
C. Coriolis effect C. Fahrenheit
D. fujita scale D. Celsius

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 785

7245. Evidence suggest that the Sun and the A. Wind blowing across the surface
rest of the solar system formed about five B. Time wind blows
years ago.

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C. Strength of the wind
A. billion
D. Wind when blows upwards off the wa-
B. million ter
C. thousand 7250. Most of the ocean floor has been
D. trillion mapped using a type of remote sensing de-
picted below. What is this mapping tech-
7246. The movement of heat from hot to cold nique called?
areas is known as
A. Sonar
A. cooling
B. Satellite imagery
B. entropy C. Aerial photography
C. heating D. Radar imagery
D. transcontinental drift
7251. Choose the correct option
7247. When you go deeper into the ocean,
what happens to the temperature?
A. Nothing happens.
B. It gets colder.
C. It gets hotter.
D. I didn’t read.
A. Kingfisher
7248. Which of the following shows the cor- B. Alvin
rect order of events for a tsunami?
C. FLIP
A. Water recedes back into the ocean car-
D. Trieste
rying all the debris, tsunami waves hit,
tide retreats as a warning 7252. Species living in the Intertidal Zone
B. Tide retreats as a warning, water re- must be able to survive which changes?
cedes back into the ocean carrying all the A. Moisture
debris, tsunami waves hit B. Temperature
C. Tide retreats as a warning, tsunami C. Salinity
waves hit, water recedes back into the
D. All of the above
ocean carrying all the debris
D. I have NO idea 7253. A remote operated vehicle (ROV) can be
used to
7249. How do surface ocean waves form? A. Determine depth of the ocean
B. Produce sound waves
C. explore areas such as hydrothermal
vents at areas such as the Mid Atlantic
Ridge
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 786

7254. THIS IS USED BY MARINE ANIMALS TO 7258. The Mariana Trench is a boundary be-
MAKE THEIR SHELLS. tween which types of tectonic plates?
A. CALCIUM CARBONATE A. Ocean/Continent
B. MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE B. Ocean/Ocean

C. CALCIUM SULFATE C. Continent/Continent


D. Transform/Conform
D. SODIUM CHLORIDE
7259. a series of waves that form when a

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7255. This ocean zone includes the deepest large volume of ocean water is suddenly
trenches, such as the Mariana Trench moved up or down
A. Abyssal A. Mechanical Wave
B. Pelagic B. Tsunami
C. bathroom C. Ocean Wave
D. Talk D. Wavelength
7260. Who was inspired by the Psalms to
7256. Saltwater is a geological term that make accurate wind and current charts,
refers to the water found on Earth that earning himself the nickname “Pathfinder
contains significant amounts of dissolved of the Seas”?
salts as well as other inorganic and organic
materials. A. Beebe
B. Cousteau
A. True
C. Magellan
B. False
D. Maury
7257. What tiny plants live near the surface
7261. What has a body shaped like a bell or a
of the ocean and produce lots of oxygen?
bowl with stinging tentacles?
A. squid
A. B. octopus
C. jellyfish
D. clown fish

B. 7262. Tool on a map that shows cardinal direc-


tions and intermediate directions

C.

D.

E.
A. Map Key

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 787

B. Compass Rose A. cold, dry


C. Map Scale B. warm, humid

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D. Map Distortion C. warm, dry
D. cold, humid
7263. What is it called where the ocean floor
deepens sharply and its features resem- 7267. This collects benthic organisms.
ble those on land, only a much larger scale
A. bathyscaphe
with great plains and mountains?
B. plankton net
A. abyssal plain
C. sonar
B. continental shelf
D. grab sampler
C. trench
D. deep ocean basin 7268. The deepest benthic zone along the
ocean trenches.
7264. Based on these climographs, which of A. Neritic Zone
these cities would you describe as having
a continental climate? B. Intertidal Zone
C. Talk Zone
D. Sublittoral Zone
7269. Which section represents the abyssal
plain?
A. Mbandaka
B. Charleston
C. Yakulsk
D. none of above

7265. In a controlled experiment, how many


variables can be worked with at a time?
A. Section 1
A. one
B. Section 5
B. none C. Section 2
C. two or more D. Section 3
D. how ever many makes sense.
7270. bottom of a wave
7266. Which type of air would you find at air
mass B?

A. crest
B. trough
C. wavelength
D. wave height

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 788

7271. Which of the following form at mid- 7276. These are very small white and opaque
ocean ridges? grains of ice. Snow grains are fairly
A. island arcs flat and have diameter generally less than
1mm.
B. sea stacks
C. guyots A. Sun Shower
D. new ocean floor B. Snow Grains

7272. movements of ocean water far below C. Hail

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the surface D. Freezing rain
A. Ocean Current
B. Crest 7277. The total amount of dissolved salts in a
sample of water is its
C. Deep Current
D. Wave Period A. strength

7273. All fish are vertebrates. B. salinity


C. pressure
D. effect

7278. Which is the largest ocean?


A. True A. Pacific
B. False B. Southern
7274. Which point is located at 45oN, 30oE? C. Indian
D. Atlantic

7279. What are formed when water vapor


condenses?

A. K
B. D
C. E
D. G
7275. All of the following are motions of the
ocean EXCEPT
A. Clouds
A. Waves
B. Mountains
B. Tides
C. Wind C. Transpiration
D. Currents D. Valleys

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 789

7280. Stephen analyzed a sample of ocean wa- 7284. There are typically two high tides and
ter. The pie chart above shows therelative two low tides
amounts of dissolved solids found in ocean

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A. during the Spring Tide season.
water. Which are the twomost abundant
elements in ocean water and what is the B. each day.
sum of the percentages ofthese two ele- C. in the Southern Hemisphere.
ments? D. when the full moon is out.

7285. The Gulf Stream current shown here


makes the waters of the North Atlantic

A. Potassium and Sodium, 31.7%


B. Chlorine and Sodium, 80%
C. Sodium and Chlorine, 85.6%
D. Sodium and Magnesium, 38.3% A. warmer
B. cooler
7281. Which are western boundary currents
(choose all that apply) C. more dense
A. California current D. less nutrient rich
B. Gulf Stream 7286. Which of the following tides is the high-
C. East Australian current est and occurs near the times of the new
and full moons?
D. warm, fast, narrow, deep
A. Fall
E. cold, slow, wide, shallow
B. Spring
7282. What causes tides?
C. Neap
A. Wind and salinity
D. Luna
B. sun and moon
7287. An (a) in acidic conditions in the ocean is
C. Coriolis Effect
making it more difficult for marine organ-
D. salinity isms to build and maintain their (b)

7283. Permanent members of the plankton A. a increase


family. B. b carbonate shells
A. Holoplankton C. decrease
B. Meroplankton D. relationships with other marine life
C. Autotroph E. night swimming habits
D. Heterotroph F. predator-prey relationships

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 790

7288. What is the term used to describe ther-


mohaline circulation, the current that runs
all other currents?
A. Circumpolar Current
A. continental slope
B. The Great Conveyor Belt
B. sea mount
C. Vertical Convection Cell
C. trench
D. The Big Boy Current

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. abyssal plain
7289. A horizontal movementof ocean water
that is caused by wind and that occurs at 7294. The process where cool water and nutri-
or near the ocean’s surface ents rise and warm waters sink
A. Tides A. eutrophication
B. Longshore Current B. upwelling
C. Surface Current C. fishing
D. Deep Currents D. storm

7290. the underwater edge of a continent 7295. The gradually sloping part of a continent
A. continental slope that extends under the ocean is the
B. trench A. continental slope
C. continental shelf B. continental shelf
D. abyssal plain C. abyssal plain
D. trench
7291. The densest seawater is the:
A. freshest 7296. As water moves slowly through a wet-
B. saltiest land, some waste materials settle out,
some wastes are absorbed by plants, and
C. warmest silt and mud is trapped by plant roots. In
D. coldest this way, wetlands act as natural
A. filters
7292. A scientific prediction that is made be-
fore an experiment B. habitats
A. Analysis C. tributaries
B. Hypothesis D. artesian wells
C. Purpose
7297. Why is upwelling important to sea life?
D. Research
A. Allows for photosynthesis
7293. What part of the ocean floor would be B. Plankton gets brought to the surface
the most difficult to explore due to ex-
C. Brings nutrients to the surface water
treme pressure, cold temperatures, and
darkness? D. Keeps the water fresh

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 791

7298. wetlands are good for everything EX- A. March


CEPT ? B. May

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A. they help filter dirty water C. July
B. they provide a habitat for many plants D. August
and animals
C. they help control flooding 7303. The mid-ocean ridges are this type of
plate boundary?
D. throwing old tires in
A. Divergent
7299. An increase in carbon dioxide absorption
B. Convergent
by the ocean leads to a(n) (a) in pH, mak-
ing the ocean more (b) C. Transform
A. a decrease D. none of above
B. b acidic 7304. What processes of the water cycle re-
C. increase turn water vapor directly to the atmo-
sphere?
D. basic
A. infiltration and capillarity
7300. An estuary is an area-
B. evaporation and transpiration
A. of only freshwater
C. freezing and precipitation
B. where pond water and river water mix
D. water retention and runoff
C. where salt water and freshwater mix
D. of only salt water 7305. Organisms that live on the bottom of
aquatic ecosystems are known as
7301. Which of the following is the corre-
sponding oceanic land form for canyons?
A. Mountain
B. trench
C. plains
D. mid-ocean ridge
A. littoral
7302. A restaurant recorded the number of piz-
B. benthic
zas sold each month for one year. The
data are shown in the graph below. Dur- C. nekton
ing which month did the restaurant sell 40 D. none of above
pizzas?
7306. The permanent thermocline phe-
nomenon often occurs in latitudes
A. high latitude subtropics
B. temperate latitude subtropics
C. tropical
D. polar region
E. low latitude subtropics

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 792

7307. Carnivores consume 7312. The Challenger Expedition (late 1800s)


A. Plants and meat studied
B. meat ONLY A. Estuaries
C. plants ONLY B. Moon phases and tides
D. dead organisms C. The deep ocean
D. The arctic circle
7308. What is “A”
7313. Name the feature at letter I

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Continental Slope
B. Abyssal Plain
A. Continental Slope C. Ocean Basin
B. Seamount D. Continental Shelf
C. Volcanic Island
7314. Most water pollution is the result of
D. Trench
A. natural processes
7309. What is the approximate level of carbon B. animal waste
dioxide in the atmosphere today?
C. human activities
A. 100 ppm
D. acid rain
B. 200 ppm
7315. Identify each layer-#15.
C. 300 ppm
D. 400 ppm
7310. Coastal erosion and flooding may be en-
hanced when
A. low tides and coastal storms coincide.
B. high tides and low atmospheric pres-
sure coincide.
A. Lithosphere
C. high tides during spring tides and
coastal storms coincide. B. Mantle
D. high tides during neap tides and C. Crust
coastal storms coincide. D. Asthenosphere
7311. What are the two kinds of coral? 7316. Two types of water currents are
A. Blue and yellow A. local and global
B. Hard and slimy B. sea and land
C. Hard and soft C. surface and deep
D. Soft and delicate D. warm and cold

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 793

7317. Where does the initial source of energy C. denitrifying bacteria


come from that helps the ocean distribute D. ick medicine
heat around the globe?

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A. The moon 7321. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
textbook, what is the relationship be-
B. The sun tween water vapor, air temperature, and
C. The wind air density?
D. The rotation of the Earth A. as the temperature rises, air pressure
decreases and density decreases
7318. When surface currents meet continents
they ? B. as the temperature rises, air pressure
increases and density increases
C. as the temperature rises, air pressure
increases and density decreases
D. as the temperature rises, air pressure
decreases and density increases

7322. During winter, the sun’s rays are

A. Stop moving
B. Are deflected (change paths)
C. Continue in the direction they were go-
ing A. Direct
D. none of above B. Indirect
7319. What year did HMS Challenger set sail? 7323. What does label C represent in the pic-
ture?

A. continental slope
B. continental shelf
A. 1831 C. abyssal plain
B. 1852 D. sea mount
C. 1872 7324. What is a continental slope?
D. 1901 A. deepest points on Earth
7320. In your fish tank, what converts ammo- B. undersea mountain
nia to nitrites and nitrates? C. The steep gradient that leads to the
A. dechlorintor deep ocean floor
B. fish D. thick layers of sediment

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 794

7325. This vessel was the first to knowingly A. increases


circumnavigate the Earth.
B. decreases
A. HMS Beagle
C. stays the same
B. HMS Challenger
C. forward D. doubles
D. Victoria
7330. Which geological feature would you find
7326. What kind of water is in an estuary? within the Continental Margin?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Volcanic Island
B. Mid Ocean Ridge
C. Trench
D. Continental Rise

A. Brackish 7331. It was the expedition that showed that


B. spring the ocean floor is not flat

C. salt A. Challenger Expedition


D. fresh B. Glomar Expedition
7327. I happen when the waves don’t have C. Meteor Expedition
enough energy to carry sediment
D. Alvin Expedition
A. Deposition
B. Erosion 7332. Organisms that crawl or attach to the
C. Swash ocean floor are called
D. Backwash A. Benthos
7328. The first man-made satellite launched B. Fish
from Earth to complete a successful orbit
was C. Nekton
A. Sputnik D. Plankton
B. Mercury 7
C. Apollo 11 7333. A technique of timing sound waves as
they hit the ocean floor and return in or-
D. Explorer 1 der to determine the depth of the water.
7329. Look at the graph. As wind speed in- A. Echo Sounding
creases, wave height
B. Current Meter
C. GPS
D. Hydrophone
E. Secchi Disk

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 795

7334. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an- 7338. Most of the ocean is cold, and dark.
swer choice best describes the people of A. True
Scandinavia that had excellent ships and

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


good navigation skills? (From Chapter B. False
1.2)
7339. The deepest portion of the ocean will be
A. Trenches
B. Continental Shelves
C. Continental Slopes
D. Continental Rise
A. Phoenicians
B. Eratosthenes 7340. The two pelagic (water) zones are

C. Claudius Ptolemy A. Open ocean and intertidal

D. Vikings B. Neritic and benthic

E. Pytheas C. Neritic and open ocean


D. Oceanic and sublittoral
7335. How does ocean acidification affect ma-
rine life? 7341. What is it called when you can feel a
A. It has no impact on marine life change in water temperature as you go
deeper?
B. It makes it difficult for organisms to
build their shells and skeletons. A. halocline
B. temperature cline
7336. Field of oceanography that would mea-
sure the particles and makeup of the sea- C. thermocline
water such as salinity and pH. D. thermo gradient

7342. Which type of graph shows change over


time?

A. physical oceanography
B. biological oceanography
C. geological oceanography
D. chemical oceanography

7337. The shallow submerged extension of a


continent is called the
A. continental slope A. bar graph
B. continental rise B. line graph
C. continental shelf C. circle graph
D. continental margin D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 796

7343. When water evaporates from the sur- C. Transform boundary


face of the ocean- D. Graded boundary
A. salt is left behind
7349. Phytoplankton is a organism.
B. fresh water is left behind
A. symbiotic
C. the water is polluted
B. decomposer
D. salt evaporates into the air
C. producer

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7344. In ponds and lakes, cooler water tem- D. parasitic
perature means
7350. How are deep currents created?
A. more dissolved oxygen
A. Density differences
B. less dissolved oxygen
B. Wind
C. fluctuating dissolved oxygen levels
C. From runoff and rain
D. none of above
D. Continental deflections
7345. The temperature at which air is satu-
rated with water vapor and condensation 7351. Which ocean does El Nino occur in?
occurs is called A. Indian
A. humidity B. Atlantic
B. air pressure C. Arctic
C. dew point D. Pacific
D. relative humidity 7352. The main human activity that releases
7346. Density is greenhouse gases is

A. mass times volume A. using bottled water


B. burning fossil fuels
B. mass divided by volume
C. texting on cellphones
C. volume times mass
D. eating meat
D. volume divided by mass
7353. The earthly mantle is
7347. This famous scientist was the found-
ing father of the theory of evolution and A. earth’s core
sailed on the H.M.S. Beagle? B. earth’s mantle
A. Captain James Cook C. earth’s crust
B. Lt. Charles Wilkes D. none of above
C. Charles Darwin
7354. What is the most abundant salt in the
D. Edward Wegner ocean?
7348. Which of the following is not a type of A. Chromium
plate boundary? B. Sodium Chloride
A. Convergent boundary C. Zinc
B. Divergent boundary D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 797

7355. Are fossil fuels good for the environ- B. Dip Net
ment? C. Otter Trawl Net

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A. Yes D. Plankton Net
B. No E. Purse His Net
7356. T2-In which zone do you find animals 7361. What type of sediment do we expect to
that are colorless and have no eyes? find on polar shelves?
A. Midnight A. Calcarious biogenous sediments
B. Twilight B. River deposited terrigenous sedi-
C. Abyssal ments
D. Sunlight C. Glacial till and ice-rafted sediments
D. none of above
7357. Water waves are
A. orbital waves 7362. Which tide is represented by the top
part of the diagram?
B. capillary waves

7358. What three things affect surface cur-


rents?
A. coriolis effect, deep currents, up-
welling
B. upwelling, continental deflections,
salinity
C. coriolis effect, continental deflections,
global winds A. Neap Tide
D. global winds, the equator, deep cur- B. Neat Tide
rents C. Sprite Tide
7359. True or False:At a passive margin, you D. Spring Tide
will find a large amount of magma up-
welling 7363. What is E?

A. True
B. False

7360. Choose the correct option


A. volcanic island
B. seamount
C. guyot
D. midocean ridge
7364. As ice caps grow, sea levels
A. rise
A. Cast Net B. lower

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 798

7365. What is the average temperature of the A. Kuroshio Current


world’s oceans? B. Labrador Current
A. 39 F C. Mozambique Current
B. 44 F
D. North Atlantic Current
C. 31.5 F
7370. Which animal is considered an INVERTE-
D. 49 F
BRATE?
E. None of the choices

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Oyster
7366. Regions near warm-water currents are B. Sting Ray
often warmer and wetter than regions
near C. Hagfish

A. Cold water currents D. Dolphin

B. Hot water currents 7371. Hot spots are responsible for the forma-
C. Warm water currents tion of what type of geological feature?
D. None of the above A. Volcanic Islands
B. Mountain Ranges
7367. Which choice describes positive feed-
back? C. Subduction Zones
D. Rift Valleys

7372. What symbolizes a seamount?

A. Cause that amplifies effect


B. Cause that negates effect A. 2
7368. Earthquakes happen when tectonic B. 3
plates do what? C. 6
A. Move apart D. 8
B. Come together
7373. What are the 2 impermeable layers of
C. Slide past each other
the Edwards Aquifer?
D. none of above
A. Gravel and rocks
7369. Identify the current labelled E in the fig- B. Del Rio Clay and Glen Rose Limestone
ure.
C. Blackstone and Limestone
D. Soda and Ice

7374. Epipelagic refers to


A. Sunlight Zone
B. Twilight Zone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 799

C. Bottom Water 7378. New crust is always formed at the


D. Surface Currents A. mid-ocean ridge

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E. A Tik Tok video that goes viral. B. deep-ocean trench
C. asthenosphere
7375. What seafloor feature is marked with
the letter G? D. none of above
7379. Choose the correct option

A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. submarine canyon
C. abyssal plain
D. deep ocean trench

7376. Why might an organism have more than


one arrow coming from them in a food
web?

A. Cast Net
B. Dip Net
C. Otter Trawl Net
D. Plankton Net
E. Purse His Net
A. More than one organism may eat 7380. What is the term for the vertical dis-
them. tance between the crest and trough of two
B. They may eat more than one other or- consecutive waves?
ganism. A. Wave length
C. This organism gets its energy from B. Trough
multiple sources. C. Wave height
D. They have no resources available to D. Current
them.
7381. Which of these best describes the com-
7377. Which type of observation uses num- position of a nebula such as the Orion Neb-
bers or measurements? ula?
A. Quantitative A. Clouds of dust and gas
B. Qualitative B. Ice crystals
C. Variable C. Planets and moons
D. Inference D. Large asteroids

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 800

7382. How does the gulf stream modify the


climate in the North Atlantic:
A. It has no impact on the climate in the
North Atlantic
B. It carries cold water into the region,
making it much colder than it otherwise
would be.
A. Trench

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. It carries warm water into the region, B. Seammount
making it much warmer than it otherwise
would be. C. Abyssal Plain
D. Volcanic Island
D. It carries hurricanes from the warmer
waters into the region and provides lots of 7387. The deepest ocean
precipitaion
A. Pacific
7383. Temperatures continue to decrease B. Arctic
slowly; 800m-ocean floor. C. Atlantic
A. Surface Zone D. Indian
B. Thermocline Zone 7388. True or False? Extratropical cyclones
C. Deep Zone are found in the low latitudes.
A. True
D. none of above
B. False
7384. ck ndfklbnverg
7389. as salinity increase desity
A. fvdkfmbvfvdkln
A. increases
B. dfknvdlfk B. decreases
C. fdbvndlkfv C. stays the same
D. fknsdlvg D. none of above

7385. Which of the following correctly de- 7390. Identify the Safety Symbol
scribes the order of the steps involved in A. Goggles
the formation of sea ice? B. Sunglasses
A. ice crystals, slush, pancake ice, pack C. Drinking Glasses
ice
D. Eye Glasses
B. slush, ice crystals, pancake ice, pack
ice 7391. The effect of earth’s rotation on ocean
current is called the
C. ice crystals, pancake ice, slush, pack
A. Rotational effect
ice
B. Coriolis effect
D. none of above
C. Tradewind effect
7386. What is “B” D. Catamaran effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 801

7392. The world can be divided into (a) main 7397. Warm, rising air at the Equator forms a
basins. calm, weak wind called the:

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A. a 4 A. Doldrums
B. 1 B. Trade Winds
C. 2 C. Polar Easterlies
D. 3 D. Westerlies
E. 5
7398. In general, polar neritic sediment tends
7393. Sediments made from microscopic shells to have more
that settle to the bottom when the organ-
A. clay than in temperate waters
isms that produced them die are called
B. coral debris than in tropical waters
A. biogenous sediments.
B. hydrogenous sediments. C. gravel than in tropical waters

C. manganese nodules. D. shell fragments than in temperate wa-


ters
D. terrigenous sediments.
7399. Label C
7394. This ship is considered the first scientific
vessel.

A. continental slope
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain
A. HMS Challenger
D. sea mount
B. HMS Beagle
C. The Endeavor 7400. Tides are caused by the-

D. The Resolution A. Earth’s tilt


B. Wind
7395. Whales strain their food with
C. Salinity of seawater
A. a strainer
D. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun
B. baleen
C. their tongue 7401. The most damaging and dangerous part
D. none of above of a hurricane is the
A. storm surge
7396. The difference between the levels of
high and low tide B. wind
A. tidal range C. rain
B. tidal differences D. tornadoes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 802

7402. The movement of deep, cold, nutrient B. Sunlight


filled water to the surface of the ocean is C. Lack of water
called a
D. Predators
A. Subduction Zone
B. Upwelling 7408. The upper sunlit layer of the ocean is
called and extends to a depth of about
C. Rip Tide
:
D. Surface Currents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. the aphotic zone 100 meters
7403. A rapid change in water density with B. the photic zone 100 meters
depth
C. the absorption zone 1000 meters
A. Pycnocline
D. the scattering zone 100 meters
B. Thermocline
C. Upwelling 7409. Which is the intertidal zone?
D. none of above

7404. A large stream like movement of water


is known as?
A. Tsunami
B. Stream
C. Upwelling
D. Current A. A
B. B
7405. The line of seaweed that marks the up-
per reaches of a high tide in the intertidal C. C
zone is called: D. D
A. Biota E. E
B. Sandy Beach
7410. A large, flat area on the sea floor.
C. Strandline
A. Abyssal Plane
D. Benthos Zone
B. Western Plane
7406. T2-Free-swimming animals that can
C. Sea floor flats
move throughout the water column are
called D. Abyssal Field
A. algae.
7411. Which is true about tides?
B. nekton.
A. They help transport ships all over the
C. benthos. world
D. plankton. B. They help transport nutrients from the
shore to the ocean
7407. What would not be a threat to marine
life living in an intertidal zone? C. They create seamounts
A. Lack of oxygen D. They occur twice a year

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 803

7412. In Japan, residents have to worry about 7416. Tides occur because of
A. the pull of gravity between two bodies

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A. active volcanoes
B. the blowing of wind across the oceans
B. earthquakes
C. the friction generated by waves mov-
C. tsunamis ing along coastlines
D. all of these D. the diffences in temperature through-
out the oceans
7413. The discovery, study, and mapping of
the seafloor is called 7417. Ocean organisms that live on the ocean
A. bathymetry floor are called

B. physics A. benthos

C. astrology B. nekton
D. astronomy C. plankton
D. coral
7414. Below the CCD, calcareous oozes
A. fail to accumulate because of in- 7418. Satellites are used to map the ocean
creased alkalinity floor because
B. fail to accumulate because of in- A. the shape of the ocean surface reflects
creased acidity large features on the seafloor
C. accumulate because of increased alka- B. they can only “see” small areas of the
linity seafloor at one time
D. accumulate because of increased acid- C. they can’t cover areas where ships
ity have not produced surveys
D. they are affected by surface weather
7415. Look at the sea-surface temperature di-
agram. In which of the following areas
7419. A barnacle attached to a whale would
would you expect to find the HIGHEST
be an example of
salinity?
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Predator/Prey relationship

7420. The shallow area at the edges of the


continents
A. Antarctic A. continental shelf
B. Arctic B. continental slope
C. North Atlantic C. continental rise
D. mid-Atlantic D. guyot

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 804

7421. What is a tsunami? 7426. Water drops being attracted to each


other is an example of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Huge wave A. capillary action
B. small wave B. adhesion
C. A pet for your tummy C. specific heat index
D. wind and tides D. cohesion

7422. People who study the ocean are called 7427. Where is the oldest ocean floor located?
A. Oceanographers A. near the continents, next to a subduc-
tion zone
B. Authors
B. closest to oceanic plates
C. Cooks
C. in the area next to a transform bound-
D. none of above ary
7423. Plants use to make their own food D. where oceanic and continental and
during photosynthesis. magma meet
A. water 7428. Mountain chain in the middle of the
B. energy from the Sun ocean.
C. Ill A. Ocean Trench

D. water, energy from Sun, CO2 B. Rift Valley


C. Seamounts
7424. An underwater volcano is
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
A. Seamount
7429. How many types of plate boundaries
B. Abyssal Plains
are there?
C. Mid-ocean Ridges A. 1
D. Continental Shelf B. 2
7425. As ocean depth increases, water tem- C. 3
perature D. 4
A. decreases
7430. Which of the following factors interact
B. increases to create currents that are 50 m deep?
C. stays the same A. temp, gravity, & Coriolis Effect
D. none of above B. wind, friction, & Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 805

C. density, temperature & salinity C. Pacific


D. none of above D. Indian

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7431. The dissolution of the thick tests of E. Southern
foraminifers below the CCD is an example
7436. What answer choice best describes bad
of the of biogenous sediment.
ozone?
A. destruction
A. considered good for humans and other
B. dilution life because it absorbs UV-B radiation
C. ecology B. ozone located in the stratosphere
D. productivity C. formed by reactions involving natural
7432. The ability of a liquid to flow through a pollutant gases
substance is: D. ozone near Earth’s surface in excess
A. Porosity of natural amounts

B. Permeability 7437. In sea-floor spreading, molten material


rises from the mantle and erupts
7433. There were lots of synonyms for the dif-
ferent ocean zones. Which zone name be-
low is the area of the ocean found in the
top 200 meters and is also called the sunlit
or epipelagic zone?
A. benthic zone
B. neritic zone
A. along the edges of all the continents.
C. photic zone
D. ocean zone B. along mid-ocean ridges.
C. in deep-ocean trenches.
7434. Which of these is an example of precip-
itation? D. at the north and south poles.
A. snow 7438. Currents that flow FROM the poles to-
B. air wards the equator are usually
C. clouds A. warm
D. vapor B. cold
C. irregular in motion
7435. Identify the ocean marked D.
D. no specific temperature

7439. Continental slope


A. Mountains near the coast
B. Underwater mountains
C. A continent that is covered by an ocean
A. Arctic D. Edge of a continental shelf that
B. Atlantic plunges steeply down to great depth

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 806

7440. A high specific heat means C. The poles, the sun’s rays are less di-
A. It heats up quickly with energy added rect.
B. It requires more energy to change tem- D. The poles, the sun’s rays are more di-
perature rect.

7441. How do sea ice and icebergs form? 7446. Why are polar seas saltier?
A. They form through a process called de-
salination.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. They form through the freezing of
ocean water.
C. They form by the accumulation of sand
and sediment in the ocean.
D. They form through the melting of ice-
bergs in the ocean
A. Higher wave activity
7442. Which air mass would bring cold, dry
air? B. Higher cyclone activity

A. Maritime Polar C. Water freezes leaving higher salinity


B. Maritime Tropical D. The global conveyor belt slows down in
cold water
C. Continental Polar
D. Continental Tropical 7447. Another name for a data marker is:
7443. Cold nutrient dense water rising to the A. the gulf stream
surface is B. a submersible
A. longshore transport
C. a buoy
B. Ekman transport
D. a robot
C. upwelling
D. downwelling 7448. The area of the lake with the highest
degree of biodiversity is the
7444. Avalanches of swift moving water car-
rying sediment are called? A. aphotic zone

A. Thermohaline currents B. limnetic zone


B. Waves C. benthic zone
C. Turbidity currents D. littoral zone
D. Longshore Currents
7449. These are the deepest features in the
7445. Where do warm water surface currents ocean.
begin and why? A. Seamounts
A. The equator, the sun’s rays are less di-
B. Abyssal Plains
rect.
C. Trenches
B. The equator, the sun’s rays are more
direct. D. Continental Shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 807

7450. The part of the grasses in the marsh that


help provide the most stability to the salt C.
marsh

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monitors water quality
A. Roots
B. Shoots
C. Rhizomes
D. none of above
7451. Which is a characteristic of life at the
abyssal zone?
A. seaweeds attached to the seafloor D.
B. no photosynthesis occurs
C. no availability of food
D. warm-water organisms are plentiful
7452. The measure of the amount of matter
in a substance per unit of volume is called

A. density obtains water samples


B. salinity
7455. Which number represents the Atlantic
C. viscosity Ocean?
D. elasticity
7453. Gyres in the southern hemisphere are
surface currents that turn due to the
Coriolis Effect.
A. clockwise
B. counterclockwise
C. toward the right A. 7
D. toward the bottom of the ocean B. 2
7454. Dry disks C. 4
D. 9

A. 7456. Something that is helpful to the environ-


ment or something that does not harm the
environment.
free-floating buoys that measure current
A. Eco-savvy
B. Eco-services
B.
C. Eco-friendly
measure water transparency D. Eco-tourism

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 808

7457. Neap tides occur at which of the follow- 7462. Out in the ocean past the continental
ing? shelf, the ocean floor drops off steeply.
A. First and Third Quarter Moon This is called the:
B. New and Full Moon A. Abyss
C. First and Full Moon B. Seamount
D. All of these C. Continental Slope
7458. the synthesis of organic materials from

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Continental Rise
in-organic substances by photosynthesis
or chemosynthesis; expressed in grams of 7463. the water area between the low tide
carbon bound into carbohydrate per unit mark and the edge of the continental shelf
area per unit time
A. nautical zone
A. primary productivity
B. primary equation B. benthic zone
C. synthesis equation C. nueston zone
D. none of above D. neritic zone
7459. The low point of a wave
7464. a model of feeding relationships among
A. trough organisms
B. wavelength
A. trophic pyramid
C. crest
B. food web
D. wave height
7460. deals with such things as the pH and 7465. Which layer of the marine pelagic envi-
salinity of seawater. ronment is closest to the surface?
A. Physical oceanography A. Epipelagic
B. Chemical oceanography B. Mesopelagic
C. Geological oceanography
C. Bathypelagic
D. Biological oceanography
D. Abyssopelagic
7461. Which number represents the Indian
Ocean? 7466. Continental shorelines generally have a
milder climate than locations inland at the
same latitude due to
A. ocean water acting as a conductor of
heat
B. ocean water stores and releases heat
A. 7 more slowly than land
B. 2 C. land is a greater storage of heat
C. 4 D. land masses release heat slower than
D. 9 water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 809

7467. Most gas hydrates form when which of 7472. Charles Darwin developed the
the following occurs? A. compass

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A. Bacteria break down organic matter B. water tight compartment
trapped in ocean-floor sediments.
C. modern navigation system
B. Pressure from overlying rock trans- D. Theory of Evolution
forms organic matter into liquid form.
C. Minerals crystallize from ocean water. 7473. The great oxidation event resulted in
the massive die-off of which of the follow-
D. none of the above ing?
A. Anaerobic bacteria
7468. Which choices are techniques used to
clean up oil spills? Choose all that apply. B. Blue-green algae
A. Burning C. Dinosaurs
D. Land plants
B. Skimming
C. Booms 7474. Which of the following is not a factor
affecting wave height?
D. Sorbent
A. direction wind is blowing
E. Rakes
B. wind speed
7469. Which resource from the ocean is used C. length of time wind is blowing
as a source of energy? D. distance wind is blowing
A. Manganese 7475. The calm area in the center of a hurri-
B. Salt cane is called the
C. Sand A. draft

D. Natural Gas B. funnel


C. eye
7470. This was the way that the depth of the D. squall
ocean was measured before
7476. Has a permanent layer of sea ice at the
A. SONAR
surface
B. RADAR
A. Arctic
C. Lead line B. Atlantic
D. Echolocation C. Southern
D. Pacific
7471. What is the maximum distance that a
wave moves from its rest position? 7477. It covers the sky in a dark gray layer.
A. wave period They can extend from the low and mid-
dle layers of the atmosphere and are thick
B. wave speed enough to blot out the sun.
C. wavelength A. Cumulus
D. amplitude B. Stratus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 810

C. Stratocumulus 7482. When waves crash into a vertical bar-


D. Cloudy rier such as a seawall. The energy is sent
into another direction, without the loss of
7478. Geological Oceanography is the study of energy.
A. Wave refraction
A. marine life and their ecosystems.
B. Wave diffraction
B. the composition of seawater, including
C. Wave reflection
the amount of salt dissolved.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes
and mountains. 7483. What letter best points out the location
D. ocean currents and motions of the where the spill volume was approximately
ocean. 63, 000 gallons due to an oil platform be-
ing struck by a tanker?
7479. Which ocean feature does #7 repre-
sent?

A. Abyssal plain A. Letter A


B. Seamount B. Letter B
C. Continental shelf C. Letter C
D. Continental slope D. Letter D
7480. The use of sound waves to determine E. Letter E
the depth of the ocean is called
7484. The submersible that discovered the
wreckage of the Titanic was called
A. The Trieste
B. HMS Beagle
C. Alvin
D. The JOIDES Resolution
A. submarine sounding
7485. A wave approaching Wrigthsville Beach
B. sonar
has a wavelength of 14m and a wave pe-
C. satellite altimetry riod of 8 seconds. What is the speed of
D. submersible sounding this wave approaching the beach?
A. 2.5 m/s
7481. What is the primary energy source driv-
ing circulation of ocean currents on Earth? B. 8 m/s
A. solar heating C. 2 m/s
B. planetary rotation D. 1.75 m/s

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 811

7486. The image is called ; it is used to de- A. Zircon crystals suggest interaction
termine the turbidity (how cloudy the wa- with liquid water around 4.1bn to 4.3bn
ter is due to suspended particles). years ago

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


B. Zircon crystals indicate the presence
of water on Earth only a few million years
ago
C. Zircon crystals provide evidence for
the late veneer theory of water delivery
D. Zircon crystals suggest that water on
Earth originated from volcanic activity
A. core sampler
7492. When fertilizers enter surface water,
B. dredge they cause problems in the watershed by-
C. bucket disks A. increasing the amount of nutrients
D. plankton net available to fish in lakes and streams.
B. clogging narrow streams and prevent-
7487. Moves slow ing water from flowing properly.
A. Surface Current C. raising the water level in nearby rivers
B. Deep Current to levels leading to flooding.
D. causing rapid algal growth that de-
7488. Will you float better in cold salty water,
crease oxygen levels and choke aquatic
OR warm freshwater
life.
A. warm freshwater
7493. Water’s slight blue color is caused by
B. cold salty water the absorption of red light by:
7489. How does the density of ocean water A. living things in the ocean.
compare to the density of freshwater? B. the covalent bonds between hydrogen
A. Ocean water is more dense and oxygen in the water molecule.
B. Ocean water is less dense C. the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules.
C. They always have the same density
D. a refractive illusion.
D. Cannot say because other factors are
needed 7494. Which of the following is / are the
works done by oceanographers?
7490. What are ocean currents?
A. Going on research expeditions
A. streams of lava flowing through water
B. Examining life forms and matter in sea-
B. columns of air moving through water
water.
C. bubbles moving through water
C. Writing reports and research papers.
D. rivers of water flowing through water
D. All of these
7491. What do zircon crystals suggest about E. Collecting and analyzing data from the
the early presence of water on Earth? ocean, ocean floor, and atmosphere.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 812

7495. The area(s) of the sea floor which has C. Coriolis effect
the deepest depths would be
D. Air pressure
A. trench & abyssal plain
B. trench and guyots 7501. Ocean water is on the pH scale?

C. trench and slope A. 5


D. trench only B. 7
C. 8

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7496. A measure of the amount of dissolved
salts in a given amount of liquids is called: D. 10
A. salinity
7502. What is a stream or river that feeds into
B. density a larger body of water?
C. deflection
A. Tributary
D. upwelling
B. Estuary
7497. Boundaries that are moving together C. Bay
are
D. Watershed
A. convergent
B. divergent 7503. Volcanic peaks that used to be above
C. transform sea level. They were eroded by wave ac-
tion as they sank beneath the surface of
D. strike-slip faults the water
7498. A bottle like vessel that rotates ninety A. seamounts
degrees when ¾ of it is flooded and be-
B. abyssal hills
comes a floating instrument platform.
A. Kingfisher C. hot spots

B. Alvin D. guyots

C. FLIP 7504. What causes surface currents?


D. Trieste A. Wind
7499. What 2 elements combine to make the B. Waves
oceans salty?
C. Changes in salinity
A. Chlorine and Sodium
D. Changes in density
B. Sodium and Nitrogen
C. Chlorophyll and Sodium 7505. Also known as bathymetry, the fea-
tures that can be found on the ocean floor
D. Sodium and Carbon
A. Ocean floor topography
7500. Upward moving air mass that plays a
part in forming tornadoes. B. Continental Shelf
A. Updraft C. Continental Rise
B. Downdraft D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 813

7506. What two elements make up water? B. five


C. six

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D. seven
7511. This group of people were the first to
record their sea voyages
A. Greeks
B. Phoenicians
A. Helium and oxygen
C. Egyptians
B. Hydrogen and oxygen
D. none of above
C. helium and carbon
7512. What do the arrows represent in the pic-
D. oxygen and carbon ture?
7507. What type of cloud is this?

A. waves
A. cirrus B. currents
B. cumulus C. tides
C. stratus D. winds
D. cumulonimbus
7513. A sounding will reveal the water’s
7508. The wind cells closest to the equator are A. depth
the B. motion
A. hadley cells C. salinity
B. ferrel cells D. temperature
C. polar cells
7514. Mr. Chaney’s favorite pet is
D. equatorial cells
A. Smoky Bear
7509. an area where the seafloor drops at the B. Jaws
edge of the continental shelf C. Baloo
A. continental shelf D. Regs, a yellow Labrador retriever
B. abyssal plain
7515. Which ocean location would have the
C. continental slope lowest amount of salinity?
D. trench A. subtropical ocean regions
7510. Sound travels times faster in water B. polar regions
than in air. C. estuaries
A. four D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 814

7516. How did the oceans form on Earth? 7522. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
A. Condensation of water vapor in the at- A. Earth revolving around the sun
mosphere.
B. Earth rotating on its axis
B. Impact of comets and asteroids.
C. Rising and falling tides
C. Degassing through volcanic activity
D. Pull of gravity
D. Evaporation from underground water
sources. 7523. What isD?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7517. A combination of surface and deep ocean
currents that loop through the oceans
around the globe.
A. Thermohaline circulation
B. Upwelling
C. Eddys
D. Global conveyor belt
A. Evaporation
7518. Clouds are
B. Condensation
A. Masses of frozen water vapor
B. Floating balls of cotton C. Precipitation

C. visible mass of water droplets or D. Runoff


frozen ice crystals suspended in the tro-
posphere 7524. Ocean currents move in a straight line-
true or false
D. Smoke from fires around the earth
A. True
7519. Drags that slow sinking can be in-
B. False
creased with spines and flat shapes.
A. True 7525. is the pattern of temperature and
B. False precipitation typical of an area over a long
period of time.
7520. The feature found near the oldest part
A. Climate
of the ocean would likely be
B. Weather
A. continental shelf, or rise
B. Abyssal Plain C. A season

C. Hydrothermal Vents D. The Coriolis Effect


D. Abyssal Hills 7526. What phases does the moon need to be
7521. The Coriolis effect is caused by the in for a spring tide to occur?

A. salinity of the water A. 1st & 3rd quarter


B. force of the wind B. waxing & waning gibbous
C. rotation of the Earth C. new & full moon
D. location of the equator D. waxing & waning crescent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 815

7527. The lowest point of a wave 7533. Choose the correct option
A. Thought

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B. Trough
C. Crest
D. Crust

7528. This was an early type of deep-sea sub- A. Continental Slope


mersible. B. Continental Shelf
A. gravity corer C. Seamount
B. bathyscaphe D. Abyssal Plain
C. plankton net
7534. Identify the current labelled F in the fig-
D. sonar ure.
7529. As we go deeper into the ocean, salinity

A. Doubles
B. Decreases
C. Increases
D. Remains the same A. Caribbean Current
B. East Australian Current
7530. It is a device for measuring wind speed,
and is one instrument used in a weather C. Equatorial Counter Current
station. D. Greenland Current
A. Hygrometers 7535. What causes tides?
B. Anemometer A. Salinity
C. wind vane B. Wind
D. Prop Anemometer C. The sun
7531. is the deepest waters in Indonesia D. The moon’s gravity
A. Band be 7536. Photosynthesizers or plants can also be
B. Natuna sea called?
C. Arafura Seea A. a consumer or heterotroph
D. Makassar Strait B. a producer or autotroph

7532. % of earths water is found in C. an omnivore


oceans D. an herbivore
A. 100 7537. In a hypothesis written in the “If, then”
B. 97 format, which variable comes first?
C. 88 A. Independent
D. 75 B. Dependent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 816

7538. Cold ocean currents generally come from

A. Alvin is a ROV, While Jason has a crew


on board

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Alvin can go deeper to explore
C. Jason has serious issues and is afraid
of water
A. The North Pole
D. Alvin is a has a crew on board. While
B. The South Pole Jason is a ROV
C. The Equator
7542. This is a warm water surface current
D. Both A and B that affects the climate of Virginia
A. California current
7539. Sound waves used to map the ocean
floor. B. Gulf Stream
C. North Atlantic Drift
A. Ocean Currents
D. South Atlantic Current
B. Waves
C. Sonar 7543. Bottom Grabber:Scoops up loose sedi-
ment on the floor.
D. Heat waves
A. freshwater
7540. This person discovered the location of B. estuary
the sunken Titanic. C. lake
D. ocean

7544. What layer is a semisolid and acts like


a plastic?
A. Lithosphere
B. Mantle
C. Asthenosphere
A. Jacques Cartier D. crust
B. Jacques Cousteau
7545. What is NOT driven by wind?
C. Sylvia Earle A. Upwelling
D. Robert Ballard B. Spring Tide

7541. What is the difference between Alvin C. Surface Currents


and Jason (Deep Sea Submersible) D. Waves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 817

7546. Which word means a compound made of C. SCUBA


hydrogen and oxygen? D. none of these

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A. Water
7552. Which ocean floor feature is the result
B. Ocean of divergent plate boundaries?
C. Salinity A. trench
D. Sin B. guyot
7547. How many days does it take for the C. mid-ocean ridge
Earth to make one revolution around the D. continental shelf
Sun?
7553. What is Continental Rise
A. 365 days
A. A gently sloping region at the base of
B. 250 days the continental slope
C. 1 day B. A flat region at the top of the continen-
D. 24 days tal slope
C. A steep region at the base of the con-
7548. Who proposed the idea of Continental tinental slope
Drift in 1912?
D. A deep trench at the base of the conti-
A. Harry Hess nental slope
B. Alfred Wegener
7554. What two forces drive ocean currents?
C. Charles Darwin
A. Sun and the Earth’s rotation
D. Charles Lyell
B. Sun and wind
7549. The distance wind blows over water is C. Earth’s rotation and wind
called its D. Moon and tides
A. Wavelength
7555. How does the porosity of frozen soil
B. Fetch compare with unfrozen soil?
C. Millage A. It is less in the frozen soil
D. Swell B. It is greater in the frozen soil
7550. When a tsunami hits the shore, it can be C. The porosity of both would be the
very destructive because of its large same
A. frequency D. none of above

B. trough 7556. Which of the following statements


about wetlands is incorrect?
C. sandbar
A. Wetlands are inefficient at cleansing
D. wave height
polluted water.
7551. The use of lead lines to determine wa- B. Wetlands provide enormous economic
ter depth was eventually replaced by benefits.
technology. C. Wetlands serve as stopover points for
A. radar migrating birds.
B. sonar D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 818

7557. The population of photosynthetic organ- C. 80%


isms is higher in the neritic zone and sur- D. 90%
face waters than in the deep ocean. Which
statement best explains the reason for 7561. An Italian explorer sailing for Spain, he
this? was trying to find a westward sea route
A. There is more space for plants to grow to the East Indies when we landed in the
in these areas of the ocean. Bahamas. He did three other major voy-
ages and they ultimately resulted in last-
B. There is more dissolved oxygen for

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ing contact and colonization of European
plants in these areas of the ocean. countries in the Americas.
C. The availability of sunlight and nutri- A. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
ents supports photosynthetic organisms.
B. John Cabot
D. The high salinity and cool temperature
supports photosynthetic organisms. C. Christopher Columbus
D. Ferdinand Magellan
7558. A air mass is a wet air mass that
forms over water. 7562. What answer choice best describes how
A. maritime we use algae as a food source?
B. continental A. Algin
C. polar B. a paper product
D. tropical C. an aerospace structural material
D. all of the answer choices listed
7559. Approximately what percentage of
Earth’s surface is covered by oceans? 7563. Which statement is true?
A. Water takes longer than land to heat
up and cool down
B. Land takes longer than water to heat
up and cool down
C. Water and land heat up and cool down
at the same rate
D. none of above

7564. What is the deepest layer of the benthic


A. 40% division of the marine environment?

B. 50% A. Littoral

C. 60% B. Sub-Littoral

D. 70% C. Abyssal
D. none of above
7560. Approximately what percentage of the
Earth’s surface is covered by water? 7565. What is the deepest ocean?
A. 50% A. Indian Ocean
B. 70% B. Southern Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 819

C. Northern Ocean C. The Greenhouse Effect


D. Pacific Ocean D. This doesn’t happen

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E. Atlantic Ocean 7569. Oxygen can enter the water
7566. What kind of wave is pictured below? A. through respiration
B. by product of photosynthesis
C. decomposition
D. oxidation of metals
7570. In global air circulation patterns, air
A. compressional wave tends to sink at and
B. transverse wave A. 0o
C. sound wave B. 30o
D. mechanical wave C. 60o
D. 90o
7567. What does the blue line represent in the
Thermohaline circulation? 7571. A surface current is found
A. Only where the water and air meet
B. In the deepest darkest depths of the
ocean
C. Within the first 30m of the ocean
D. Up to a few hundred meters down.
A. Warm salty water 7572. Which type of mangrove is shown here?
B. Warm water
C. Cold water
D. Cold salty water
Explanation:In the Thermohaline circula-
tion, the blue line represents cold salty
water. This is because the circulation in-
volves the movement of water due to dif-
ferences in temperature and salinity, with A. Red mangrove
cold salty water sinking and warm water B. Black mangrove
rising. The blue line indicates the path of C. White mangrove
the cold, dense water as it moves through
the ocean. D. Buttonwood
7573. What type of sediment starts on the
7568. Earth rotates on its axis which deflects
continents?
air towards the right in the Northern Hemi-
sphere and left in the Southern Hemi- A. lithogenous
sphere. What is this process called? B. biogenous
A. The Coriolis Effect C. hydrogenous
B. The Axis Effect D. cosmogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 820

7574. What is the tidal frequency shown in red 7578. What layer is the thinnest?
on the diagram below?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Crust
A. Diurnal B. Mantle
B. Mixed C. Core
C. Semidiurnal D. They are all the same size
D. none of above 7579. Western intensification causes
7575. Saltwater will freeze as freshwa- A. equatorial countercurrents
ter. B. All of the choices are the result of west-
A. faster ward intensification.
B. slower C. a steeper slope of surface water in the
western section of the gyre as compare to
C. about the same speed the eastern section of the gyre
D. none of above D. very swift western boundary currents
7576. Compared to the Atlantic Ocean, the Pa- E. the center of the gyre to be shift to the
cific has a. d. b. e. a, b & c c. west

A. A:a larger area and greater average 7580. Only the moves forward in a wave
depth A. Breakers
B. B:more trenches and more frequent B. Wind
tsunamis
C. Energy
C. C:more passive continental margins
D. Water
D. Both A & B
7581. Identify #4 in the Earth’s crust?
E. Both B and C

7577. Since wetlands like mangroves, trap in


CO2, we consider them a “carbon sink.”
Do wetlands (increase or decrease) Green-
house gases in our atmosphere?
A. neutralize
B. increase
C. decrease A. crust
D. evaporate B. inner core

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 821

C. outer core 7586. Which current is a cool ocean current


D. mantle that flows completely around the Earth?

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A. Gulf Stream
7582. The coral reef is found in which of the
other biomes? B. California

A. Freshwater C. West Wind Drift (circumpolar)

B. Marine D. none of above

C. Estuary 7587. Oceans cover what percentage of the


D. Rainforest Earth’s surface?
A. 51%
7583. As you go deeper toward the ocean
floor, and , B. 61%
C. 71%
D. 81%

7588. The three major oceans are the Atlantic,


the Pacific, and the Arctic.
A. true
A. Temperature decreases, pressure in-
creases B. false
B. Temperature increases, pressure de- 7589. A tropical or subtropical marine swamp
creases that is characterized by the abundance of
C. Temperature decreases, pressure de- low to tall trees
creases A. Coral Reef
D. Temperature increases, pressure in- B. Estuary
creases
C. Marshes
7584. Which property of the wave would D. Mangrove Swamp
change if you changed the amount of en-
ergy the wave had? 7590. (Last one) When you’re on the beach
what slope are you on? (Land)
A. amplitude
A. Continental slope
B. frequency
B. Coast
C. wavelength
D. wave speed C. Continental shelf
D. continental rise
7585. The is the layer of the atmosphere
that contains the ozone layer, the jet 7591. Spend only the larval or early stages of
stream, and is where large jet their life as plankton.
A. troposphere. A. Holoplankton
B. stratosphere. B. Macroplankton
C. mesosphere. C. Megaplankton
D. thermosphere. D. Meroplankton

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 822

7592. A device used to measure the densities A. Evaporation would have to be shown
of liquids and solutions. with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
A. Hydrometer ature and condensation would have to be
shown with hot water to increase the tem-
B. Refractometer perature
C. Salinometer B. Condensation would have to be shown
D. none of above with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and evaporation would have to be

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7593. What do the arrows represent in the pic- shown with hot water to increase the tem-
ture? perature

7596. In a standing wave, the positions where


there is maximum vertical motion are
called
A. antinodes
B. nodes.
A. waves C. wave gaps.
B. currents D. troughs.
C. tides E. surges
D. none of above
7597. Which is not a type of Oceanography?
7594. What position do the earth, moon, and A. Physical
sun have to be in to create a spring tide?
B. Biophysical
A. a 90 degree angle
C. Geological
B. a straight line
D. Chemical
C. a 45 degree angle
D. a 360 degree angle 7598. The process of deep, nutrient-rich water
moving upward to replace surface water
7595. Students want to model the water cy- that has blown farther offshore is called
cle. They conduct an experiment. Which
statement below correctly explains How A. downwelling
they would show condensation and evap-
oration? B. upwelling
C. rip current
D. longshore current

7599. Which option below causes ocean cur-


rents?
A. The moon
B. Earth’s Rotation
C. Unequal Heating of the Sun
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 823

7600. Explain the difference between warm 7604. This causes moving air and water to
and cold surface currents. turn left in the southern hemisphere and
turn right in the northern hemisphere due

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A. Warm surface currents are colder and
to Earth’s rotation.
flow from the equator towards the poles
A. cold currents
B. Warm surface currents are warmer
and flow from the equator towards the B. Coriolis Effect
poles, while cold surface currents are C. upwelling
colder and flow from the poles towards
D. revolution
the equator.
C. Warm surface currents are colder and 7605. The is the gradually sloping end of
flow from the poles towards the equator a continent that extends under the ocean
to 350 m deep.
D. Cold surface currents are warmer and
A. continental shelf
flow from the equator towards the poles
B. trench
7601. Which of the following is a hydrogenous C. seamount
sediment?
D. abyssal plain
A. diatomaceous earth
7606. Earth is tilted at degrees.
B. silt
A. 23.5
C. tektites
B. 90
D. manganese nodules
C. 0
7602. Runoff from farms that use ferilizers is D. 25.3
entering a small lake. This will most di-
rectly affect the lake by causing 7607. Benthic organisms
A. drift with the current.
A. the lake to dry up
B. actively swim hunting for prey.
B. algae to grow in the lake
C. live in/on the mud of the ocean floor.
C. the lake to become deeper
D. none of above
D. water in the lake to become solid
7608. What is the Asthenosphere composed
7603. Refer to the photo. “C” is a(an): of?
A. rigid layer on top of the upper mantle
B. volcanic ash on the surface of the up-
per mantle
C. underlying fluid layer of slowly moving
magma
A. Trench D. none of above
B. Guyot
7609. What are waves most “commonly” cre-
C. Abyssal plain ated from
D. Continental shelf A. Overhead objects (planes, etc.)

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 824

B. Energy 7614. What drives the movement of deep cur-


C. Sea Animals rents?
D. Wind A. wind currents
B. water density
7610. What is the most likely cause of ocean
waves? C. water salinity
A. temperature differences in the water D. position of the moon
B. density differences in the water E. Coriolis Effect

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. changes in sunlight 7615. The estuary is called a nursery ground
D. surface winds because
A. larval/juvenile organisms grow up
7611. Continental crust is here
A. thinner and denser than oceanic crust B. adult organisms grow up here
B. thinner and less dense than oceanic
crust 7616. Carbon dioxide stays dissolved best in
C. thicker and denser than oceanic crust A. warm water
D. thicker and less dense than oceanic B. cold water
crust C. both warm and cold water
7612. The movement of rock by wind, water D. does not stay dissolved in either tem-
or animals perature water
A. Erosion 7617. La Niña events are characterized by:
B. Deposition A. Weakening of the Walker circulation
C. Weathering B. Warming of sea surface temperatures
D. Abrasion in the central Pacific
C. Increased likelihood of hurricanes in
7613. Barnacles create home sites by attach-
the Atlantic
ing themselves to whales. This neither
harms nor benefits the whales. The barna- D. Enhanced upwelling along the western
cles eat the plankton that the whale swims coast of South America
past in the ocean. What kind of relation- 7618. A shark would be an example of a
ship is this?
A. Primary producers
B. Primary consumer
C. Secondary or Tertiary Consumer
D. Prey
7619. What does “therm” mean?
A. Mutualism A. temperature
B. Parasitism B. salinity
C. Commensalism C. density
D. none of above D. salt

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 825

7620. What rotational effect helps to move 7625. What does ‘Latitude’ measure?
the surface and ocean currents around the A. The angular distance of a place north
earth?

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or south of the earth’s equator
A. The ocean effect B. The distance from the top or surface to
B. The gravitational effect the bottom of water
C. The Coriolis Effect C. The geographic coordinate that speci-
D. none of above fies the east-west position of a point
D. none of above
7621. Aleutian Trench is an example of
A. Continent-Continent collision 7626. Which of the following would have the
B. Oceanic-Continent collision lowest salinity?

C. Oceanic-Oceanic collision A. Middle of the Ocean


D. Deep Geosyncline B. Mouth of a river
C. Dead Sea
7622. Waves move out through the ground
from the D. Bottom of a trench

7627. About 26 % of carbon dioxide released


by human activity over the last decade
was absorbed by ?
A. Tall People
B. The Atmosphere
C. The Ocean
D. Treed
A. rift
7628. Matching fossils on different continents
B. hypocenter
is evidence for (a) .
C. epicenter
A. a Continental Drift
D. fault line
B. Plate tectonics
7623. The layer in which temperature rapidly C. Theory of Pangea
decreases
D. none of above
A. halocline
B. pycnocline 7629. Annie recorded the amount of rain that
fell each day. The results are shown in the
C. thermocline line graph below. How many centimeters
D. none of above of rain fell on the third day?
7624. Would determine if the water quality is
safe enough for swimming
A. Physical
B. Biological
C. Chemical
D. Ocean Engineering

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 826

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 7

7630. What is the most abundant salt in sea-


water?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Core Sampler
A. Magnesium Chloride
B. Dredge
B. Calcium Chloride C. Grab Sampler
C. Potassium Chloride D. Sediment Sieves
D. Sodium Chloride
7635. Seawater is typically denser than fresh-
water due to seawaters-
7631. long periods of swells arrive at coast-
line with steep beach profiles A. greater depth
A. spilling B. smaller mass

B. surging C. higher salinity


D. lower freezing point
C. plunging
D. none of above 7636. A pycnocline describes various areas of
A. temperature
7632. Salts are added to seawater by volcanic
B. salinity
eruptions and by the weathering and ero-
sion of rocks. C. density

A. true D. porosity

B. false 7637. What did Magellan do?


A. led voyage that first circumnavigated
7633. If divers enter and exit an underwater the globe
habitat through a “moon pool, “ which of
the following describes the air pressure in B. made important observations about
the habitat? drift of sea ice
C. first determined Earth’s circumfer-
A. Air pressure is equal to the outside wa-
ence
ter pressure.
D. mapped the Mediterranean for the
B. Air pressure is lower than the outside Greeks
water pressure.
7638. What is the largest ocean?
C. Air pressure is greater than the out-
side water pressure.
D. It is impossible to know based on this
information.

7634. Choose the correct option

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 827

A. Pacific
B. Atlantic

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C. Southern
D. Arctic
E. Indian

7639. Freshwater fish will absorb water be-


cause the water is hypertonic. A. Mount Everest
B. Mariana Trench
A. True
C. the Burj Khalifa
B. False
D. The Statue of Liberty
7640. Marine dead zones can form when nutri- 7643. Lowest tidal range occurring near the
ent run-off causes certain types of algae times of the first quarter and third quar-
to grow very quickly and then die off. As ter phases ofthe moon
dead algae decompose, oxygen is removed
A. Spring Tides
from the water. With less oxygen avail-
able, fish and other marine animals can die. B. Neap Tides
What would be one practical way to reduce C. Tides
marine dead zones?
D. Benthos
A. add bacteria that are able to eat the
7644. Which major ocean is closest to the con-
fast-growing algae
tinent of Antarctica?
B. harvest marine fish in dead zones to A. Atlantic
reduce oxygen use
B. Arctic
C. pump oxygen into the water using
C. Pacific
equipment on fishing vessels
D. Southern
D. prevent fertilizer and other wastes
from entering rivers and streams 7645. A group of Niskin bottles that take wa-
ter samples at different depths for compar-
7641. What are the three units used to report ison.
salinity? A. Crab Pots
A. PSU B. SCUBA

B. Permills C. CTD Rosette


D. Drift Bottle
C. Percentages
7646. Which boundary is where mountain for-
D. ML
mations, volcanoes, and high earthquake
activities are at?
7642. Which of these wonders is taller or
deeper depending on their direction (base A. convergent
to top)? B. divergent

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 828

C. transform 7652. A clam is a


D. none of above
7647. Marine invertebrates with radial sym-
metry
A. crustaceans
A. Gastropod
B. mollusks
B. Pelycepod
C. porifera

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Cephalopods
D. echinoderms
D. Arthropod
7648. Organisms are classified using a two
part naming system called 7653. What does pH measure?
A. Species System A. Amount of Oxygen Ions
B. Phylum Class B. Amount of Hydrogen Ions
C. Domain C. The amount of salt in a solution
D. Binomial Nomenclature D. The density
7649. Which two biomes have the least precip- 7654. Which best describes the Gulf Stream?
itation? A. A cold ocean current that cools the
A. tropical rain forest and temperate weather off near Australia.
grasslan B. A cold ocean current that helps de-
B. savanna and tropical dry forest crease global warming.
C. tundra and desert C. A warm ocean current that influences
D. boreal forest and temperate woodland weather along the east coast of the U.S.
and up toward Europe.
7650. The Arctic ocean is the ocean on
D. A warm ocean current that influ-
Earth.
ences weather in Cuba and moves toward
A. largest Antarctica.
B. warmest
7655. What is the driving force for surface
C. fishiest ocean currents?
D. smallest A. DENSITY
7651. Use the image to identify letter E of bar- B. the Coriolis Effect
rier islands: C. global winds
D. salt concentration
7656. of freshwater on Earth is “locked
A. Beach away” in what water source location?
B. Dune A. atmosphere
C. Forest B. rivers and lakes
D. Meadow C. underground
E. Marsh D. ice and glaciers

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 829

7657. Winds blowing over the surface of the A. Temperature


oceans produce mass movements of water
B. Precipitation
called

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C. Temperature and Precipitation
A. Oceanic currents
B. Atlantic Currents D. Time

C. Surface Currents 7661. What is the term used to describe the


D. Salinity Currents degree of compactness of a substance?
A. Circulation
7658. Drifting or weakly swimming organisms
suspended in water. Their horizontal posi- B. Depth
tion is to a large extent dependent on the C. Density
mass flow of water rather than on their
own swimming efforts. D. Latitude
A. Phytoplankton 7662. Based on the Strahler method, what is
B. Zooplankton the stream order at point X?
C. Plankton
D. Autotroph

7659. According to your textbook (Wohlers et


al., 2006), what answer choice best de-
scribes why scientists think oil and gas
form?
A. petroleum and natural gas form from
the remains of present-day primary ter-
restrial organisms
B. hydrocarbons can’t penetrate further
and where they can pool together at the
reserve rock layer A. 4
C. oil companies extract oil and natural
B. 3
gas form the seabed by drilling through
the sediment and rock into the reserve C. 6
rock D. 7
D. petroleum and natural gas form from
E. 8
the remains of primary marine organisms
7663. In upwelling, the cooler deep water
7660. How do we identify an area’s climate?
moves and then replaces the warm sur-
face waters
A. Upward
B. Downward
C. Forward
D. Backward

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 830

7664. Marine vascular plants include all the C. A different temperature as Canada at
following: the same latitude
A. Kelps D. The same temperature as Canada at
the same latitude
B. Mangroves
C. Cord Grass 7669. What are the 3 types of wetlands? SE-
LECT 3 ANSWERS
D. Seagrasses
A. river
E. Surf Grass

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. marsh
7665. the edge of a continent that lies under C. bog
the ocean. It ends at the shelf break.
D. swamp
A. deep ocean trench
B. mid ocean ridge 7670. Zone where there is a sharp differ-
ence in temperature between surface and
C. continental shelf deeper ocean water.
D. continental slope A. Hadalpelagic
7666. I am the forward motion of waves B. Bathypelagic
A. Backwash C. Thermocline
B. Swash D. Epipelagic

7667. cause surface currents. 7671. Choose the correct option

A. Neap Tide
B. High Tide
C. Low Tide

A. The Coriolis Effect D. Spring Tide

B. gravity 7672. Phytoplankton are associated with the


C. density differences photic zone because they rely on the sun
for the process of:
D. Surface wind patterns

7668. If you lived in Canada, the Gulf Stream


in Europe is
A. A freezing temperature as Canada at
the same latitude
B. A higher temperature as Canada at the
same latitude

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 831

A. Respiration 7678. Identify the area highlighted in red on


B. Photosynthesis the barrier island profile

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C. Chemosynthesis
D. Heterotrophs

7673. When were black smokers discovered?


A. Beach
A. 1873
B. Dune
B. 1979
C. Meadow
C. 2022
D. Maritime Forest
D. 1989
E. Marsh
7674. What phenomenon is most likely respon-
sible for the currents’ circulation patterns? 7679. This ocean contains the “Ring of Fire”,
a series of active volcanoes and active tec-
A. Coriolis effect tonic plates. Borders North America and
B. Sun’s tidal effect South America on the East, and Asia and
Australia on the West
7675. Some oceanographers study / only
the physical traits of the world’s oceans
A. gather
B. begin
C. send
D. prepare
E. learn A. Indian Ocean
B. Southern Ocean
7676. The phenomenon by which toxins con-
centrate in the organisms at higher trophic C. Atlantic Ocean
levels within an ecosystem is known as D. Pacific Ocean

7680. Which variable goes on the X-axis?


A. Biotoxicity
A. Independent
B. Biomagnification
B. Dependent
C. Eutrophication
D. Predation 7681. During tides, the Sun and the Moon
align in a straight line relative to Earth.
7677. The Gulf of Mexico is located in which During tides, they are at right angles
ocean? to Earth:
A. Pacific A. neap, spring
B. Atlantic B. spring, summer
C. Southern C. summer, neap
D. Indian D. spring, neap

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 832

7682. is the abrupt change of density with


depth
B.
A. thermocline
B. pycnocline
C. halo cline
D. none of above
C.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7683. What letter represents the continental
slope?

D.

7687. How much of the earth’s surface is cov-


ered by water?
A. A
A. 50%
B. B
B. 72%
C. C C. 61%
D. D D. 71%

7684. Which was the first established perma- 7688. Currents are deflected to the in the
nent marine lab? Northern Hemisphere.
A. Scripps Institution of Oceanography A. north

B. Virginia Institute of Marine Science B. right


C. south
C. NOAA
D. left
D. Zoological Station
7689. Indian Ocean
7685. Coriolis Effect makes currents flow to
the in the northern hemisphere?
A. East A.

B. West
C. North
D. South B.

7686. Southern Ocean

A. C.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 833

7695. Cold ocean currents generally come from


A. The North Pole
D.

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B. The South Pole
C. The Equator
7690. The ozone layer is within what layer of D. Both A and B
the atmosphere?
7696. Air pressure is
A. Exosphere
A. Moisture falling from the atmosphere
B. Stratosphere as rain, snow, or hail
C. Troposphere B. A force exerted onto a surface by the
weight of air molecules
D. Mesosphere
C. The study of weather
7691. What is the largest geological feature
D. none of above
on Earth?
A. Smoky Mountains 7697. Warm-water currents begin near the
and carry water to other parts of
B. Grand Canyon the ocean.
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge A. pole, warm
D. Subduction Zone B. equator, warm

7692. What Viking started the colony Vin- C. equator, cold


land? D. pole, cold
A. Erik Thorvaldson 7698. We know from tracking the age of the
B. Thor Heyerdahl sea-floor that Iceland is slowly splitting
apart, this is evidence of a
C. Leif Eriksson
A. convergent boundary
D. Bjarni Herjolfsson
B. divergent boundary
7693. In the Southern Hemisphere, how does C. transform boundary
the Coriolis Effect influence the movement
D. none of above
of wind and water?
A. It causes them to move in a straight 7699. What term is the measure of dissolved
line salts in water?
B. It deflects them to the left A. Thermocline
C. It deflects them to the right B. Salinity

D. It has no effect on the movement of C. Saltiness


wind and water D. Tides

7694. Surface currents are caused by winds. 7700. Which location is likely to have the
greatest water pressure, the coldest tem-
A. True
peratures, and the smallest number of liv-
B. False ing organisms?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 834

7704. The salinity levels of ocean water are


different throughout the world. What are
the two main factors that affect salinity
levels?
A. the rate of evaporation and pressure
A. 1
B. the rate of condensation and pressure
B. 2
C. the rate of evaporation and the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 3 amount of freshwater flowing into the
D. 4 ocean
D. the rate of condensation and the
7701. True or False? Monsoons are the sea- amount of freshwater flowing into the
sonal wind pattern changes caused by ocean
heating of the continents that results in
summers with significant rainfall and win- 7705. What is a continental slope?
ters with very little.
A. A steep slope leading to the ocean
A. True floor
B. False B. A flat, shallow area near the shore

7702. Scientists take pictures under the C. A deep trench in the ocean
D. A large underwater mountain range

7706. A moving stream of water in the ocean


is known as a:
A. tide
B. current
C. wave
D. river

7707. A large stream of moving water that


flows through the oceans
A. ocean A. Current
B. garbage B. Circulation
C. plants C. Wave
D. water D. Potability

7703. The largest of Earth’s oceans is the 7708. Oceanographers study


A. Pacific A. Bees
B. Indian B. Space
C. Atlantic C. Weather
D. Arctic D. Ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 835

7709. When did modern oceanography really B. in a shallow gulf


begin to “take off”? C. along a coastline

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A. World War II D. in open ocean
B. Civil War
7715. Surface currents are powered by
C. Revolutionary War
A. Salinity
D. Vietnam War
B. Wind
7710. Oolites are an example of which of the
C. Fish
following sediment types?
D. the Moon
A. Hydrogenous Sediment
B. Cosmogenous Sediment 7716. Period of time between tides where
there is no water movement
C. Terrigenous Sediment
D. Biogenous Sediment A. ebb tide

E. Lithogenous Sediment B. slackwater


C. spring tide
7711. A solution with a pH of 7.0 would be
D. neap tide

A. Acid 7717. is the energy source that allows


B. Base chemosynthesis to happen
C. Neutral A. Sunlight
D. Acid and Base B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Hydrothermal vents
7712. Which two factors affect density of
ocean water? D. ATP
A. temperature 7718. The tidal (a) is the difference in height
B. salinity between successive high and low tides.
C. depth A. a range
D. color B. average
E. ocean animals C. fetch

7713. The deepest part of the ocean; long, nar- D. maximum


row ditches 7719. Balance in the water cycle means that
A. Tectonic plates A. the average annual precipitation over
B. Trenches Earth equals the amount of water that
C. Divergent boundary evaporates

D. Continental shelves B. water that falls to Earth only enters


oceans
7714. Upwelling is most likely to occur in what C. the amount of water that falls to Earth
area? weighs the same as the amount that con-
A. in a deep sea trench denses in clouds

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 836

D. water that evaporates from Earth’s 7724. was known for exploring all the
surface remains forever in the atmo- oceans in three voyages between 1768
sphere and 1779. He also mapped many islands
that were unknown to Europeans and sam-
7720. Which type of tide has a larger tidal pled subsurface water temperatures, as
range due to the Earth, Moon, and Sun well as measured winds and currents.
forming a line?
A. Charles Darwin
A. High/Low B. Edward Forbes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Spring C. James Cook
C. Neap D. Leif Erikson
D. none of above
7725. Choose the correct option
7721. What is North America’s largest estu-
ary?
A. The James River
B. Lake Erie
C. The Chesapeake Bay
D. The Atlantic Ocean

7722. Which term means “True Nucleus” or


cell(s) with a nucleus?
A. Eukaryotes
B. Prokaryotes
C. Multi-cellular
D. none of above

7723. Which of the following are CHEMICAL


properties of water?
A. Nansen Bottle
B. Niskin Bottle
C. Reversible Thermometer
D. Sin
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder
7726. Which tides are stronger?
A. spring tides
A. pH B. neap tides
B. Salinity
7727. Which area of the globe experiences
C. Color less mixing?
D. Turbidity A. At the equator

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 837

B. At the poles 7732. Carbon dioxide and seawater combine


C. Only in midlatitudes to form

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D. All oceans are evenly mixed A. calcium carbonate

7728. What produces most of the world’s oxy- B. carbon monoxide


gen? C. carbonic acid
A. The Coral Reef
D. none of above
B. Plants
C. Phytoplankton 7733. In the distribution of average thickness
D. Fish of sediments, the thickest distribution hap-
pens at:
7729. An extra weak tide that occurs when
the sun and moon are at right angles with A. Continental Shelves
the earth. B. Continental Slopes
A. Spring Tide C. Continental Rises
B. Full Moon
D. Deep-Ocean Floor
C. Neap Tide
D. New Moon 7734. The energy that drives the longshore
currents is derived from
7730. a harmul algea that turns ocean water
red A. hurricanes and cyclones.
B. major surface currents, such as the
Gulf Stream.
C. monthly high tides.
D. wind waves approaching the beach
front at an angle.

7735. glaciers melting sea level


A. red tide
B. wind A. decreases
C. current B. increases
D. ocean C. does not impact
7731. What conclusions can we make about D. none of above
density in the mixed layer?
A. density is relatively constant in the 7736. Seamounts that reach the surface of the
mixed layer ocean.
B. density increases with depth in the A. guyot
mixed layer
B. continental slope
C. density decreases with depth in the
mixed layer C. abyssal plain
D. none of above D. volcanic island

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 838

7737. What types of mangroves are there? B. Each of the oceans are separated from
A. Purple, green, black Mangroves each other

B. Red, Black, White, Buttonwood Man- C. Salt water is more dense than fresh-
groves water

C. Buttonwood, Green leaf, Black Man- D. Freshwater is more dense than saltwa-
groves ter

D. Florida, sea grass, black Mangroves 7741. Examine the five words and/or phrases

NARAYAN CHANGDER
and determine the relationship among the
7738. What is the name of this tool? majority of words/phrases. Choose the
one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. Lithogenous
B. Biogenous
C. Hydrogenous
D. Calcareous
E. Cosmogenous

7742. is when bodies of water contain an


abundance of nutrients caused by humans.

A. His Net
B. Sediment Sieve
C. Current Meter
D. Niskin Bottle

7739. Animals that can use their bodies to A. potable


make light are called B. thermal pollution
C. artificial eutrophication
D. porosity

7743. The type of marine sediment that forms


the thickest deposits worldwide is
A. abyssal clay deposits
A. magic B. manganese nodule deposits
B. shiny C. neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits
C. amazing D. neritic siliceous sediment deposits
D. bioluminescent 7744. What two moon phases occur during a
7740. Which of the following is true? spring tide?

A. The ocean is made entirely of freshwa- A. new and full moons


ter B. half and full moons

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 839

C. 1st and 3rd quarter moons 7750. THIS IS A GIANT WAVE CAUSED BY UN-
D. waning gibbous and waxing crescent DERWATER EARTHQUAKES

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A. TSUNAMI
7745. The thermohaline circulation is driven by
B. AVALANCHE
changes in
C. INTERRUPTION
A. pH
D. VOLCANIC ERUPTION
B. density
C. wind 7751. The largest loss of life from a hurricane
is usually due to
D. gravity
A. storm surge
7746. Organisms do not migrate to hunt for B. high winds
prey in the ocean.
C. intense rain
A. True
D. none of above
B. False
7752. The difference in levels of ocean water
7747. As water moves downstream in a river, at high and low tides is the
what is the relationship between the dis-
charge of the riv and the particle size that
can be transported by the river?
A. partical size decreases as discharge in-
creases
B. particle size increases as discharge in-
creases
C. particle size remains the same no mat- A. low tide
ter the discharge rate
B. tidal range
D. Discharge rate remains the same no C. high tide
matter the particle size
D. slack water
7748. Which type of ocean movement can be
7753. What colour of light ‘disappears’ first
divided into 2 groups:surface and deep?
as you dive deeper?
A. Current
A. green
B. Wave
B. red
C. Tide C. yellow
D. none of above D. orange
7749. What compound is responsible for ocean 7754. What are Plankton?
acidification
A. They are small plants and animals.
A. Ill
B. They are any plants or animals that
B. elbow drift with the currents of the ocean.
C. Yes C. They are only microscopic animals.
D. He D. They are only microscopic plants.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 840

7755. What technologies do researchers use A. They have no impact on the physical
to study the ocean? structure of the coast
B. They deposit sediment and build up
beaches
C. They cause earthquakes and tsunamis
D. They erode the coast and create cliffs

7760. Flat, deep area of the ocean basin cov-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ered by a layer of thick sediment; the flat-
A. Sonar test areas on the planet

B. Satellites A. shore break

C. Submarines B. continental rise

D. All the above C. abyssal plains


D. continental shelf
7756. What are the major surface currents in
the Atlantic Ocean? 7761. Continental drift is a (a) and Plate Tec-
tonics is a (b) .
A. The major surface currents in the At-
lantic Ocean are the Gulf Stream, the A. a hypothesis
North Atlantic Drift, the Canary Current, B. b theory
and the Labrador Current.
B. The Arctic Current 7762. Which of the following occurs at ocean
current convergence zones?
C. The Indian Ocean Current
A. Upwelling
D. The Pacific Current
B. Downwelling
7757. Approximately of energy is trans- C. Westerlies intensification
ferred up to the next trophic level
D. Easterlies formation
A. 10%
7763. The diagram shows a boat using sonar
B. 20%
to gather information in the ocean.What is-
C. 50% most likelybeing measured with this tech-
D. 100% nology?

7758. How do particles move as they are


cooled?
A. faster and farther apart
B. slower and become less dense
C. slower and closer together
D. faster and become more dense

7759. How do waves, tides, and sea level


change affect the physical structure of the A. ocean depth
coast? B. ocean temperature

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 841

C. pH level 7768. T2-Benthos are organisms that live


D. turbidity level A. On the surface of the water

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B. throughout the water column
7764. A map is drawn with a scale of 1 cen-
timeter = 5 kilometers. How many kilo- C. ocean floor
meters does 11.5 centimeters represent? D. shallow water
A. 2.3 km
7769. The study of movement and interaction
B. 11.5 km between objects in the ocean
C. 57.5 km A. Biological Oceanography
D. 1150 km B. Chemical Oceanography
7765. The Sun is considered what kind of star? C. geological Oceanography
D. Physical Oceanography

7770. People who study oceans are called


A. oceanographists
B. oceaners
C. oceanists
D. oceanographers
A. Red giant
7771. Glacial deposits are an example of
B. Main sequence
which of the following sediments types?
C. Supergiant
A. Lithogenous Sediment
D. White dwarf
B. Biogenous Sediment
7766. This process occurs when cold water C. Hydrogenous Sediment
rises up from the bottom of the ocean,
D. Cosmogenous
bringing nutrients with it.
A. Thermohaline circulation 7772. Who polluted the Potomac River?
B. Gyres A. Humans
C. Eddys B. Animals
D. Upwelling C. Babies
D. Water
7767. It is a movable device attached to an el-
evated object such as a roof for showing 7773. A flow current occurs as is approach-
the direction of the wind. ing.
A. Hygrometers A. high tide
B. Anemometer B. low tide
C. wind vane C. slack tide
D. Prop Anemometer D. tidal bore

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 842

7774. A distinct air mass with individual flow B. water vascular system
pattern is called
C. spinodermal water exchange
A. Atmospheric Circulation Cell
D. echinotransport system
B. Convection
C. Westerlies 7780. Which best represents the order of
D. Trade Winds seafloor features as you move from the
shoreline to the deep ocean?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7775. This occurs when cold, deep, nutrient-
A. Continental slope-continental shelf-
rich water rises to the surface and replaces
continental rise-mid-ocean ridge
warmer surface water pushed away from
shore. B. Continental rise-continental shelf-mid-
A. Downwelling ocean ridge-continental slope

B. Upwelling C. Continental shelf-continental slope-


continental rise-mid-ocean ridge
C. Convection
D. Mid-ocean ridge-continental rise-
D. Seafloor spreading
continental shelf-continental slope
7776. Which of the following has the greatest
impact on tides? 7781. Phosphate-rich nodules form in
A. The rotation of earth A. Mid ocean ridges
B. The revolution of earth B. Regions of upwelling
C. The moon C. hydrothermal vent areas
D. Equinox/Solstice
D. estuaries
7777. What causes wind to deflect toward left E. continental shelf waters
in the Southern hemisphere?
A. Temperature difference 7782. Which type of air would you find at air
B. Magnetic field of the earth mass A?

C. Coriolis force due to rotation of the


earth
D. Pressure difference

7778. Why are salt marshes important


A. filter water
B. provide shelter
C. are a buffer for storms
D. none of above
A. cold, dry
7779. Echinoderm system made of canals that B. warm, humid
allows for movement, nutrient transporta-
tion, and respiration C. warm, dry
A. endohydraulic channel system D. cold, humid

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 843

7783. If you wanted to look at a map with the 7787. Who were the first people to sail the
least amount of distortion in the continent oceans and learn about ocean currents,
sizes, which map would you choose? wind patterns, and created the first maps

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of the oceans?
A. Mercator projection map
A. The Spanish
B. Miller cylindrical projection map
B. The Polynesians
C. Fuller projection map
C. The Portuguese
D. The Lambert equal area projection
map D. The English

7788. Which waters tend to be saltier?


7784. Wave diffraction is when:
A. Coastal waters in cool, humid environ-
A. a wave breaks on the shore
ments.
B. a wave rebounds directly back off a B. river waters.
point
C. Coastal waters in hot, dry climates.
C. a wave bends and wraps around a
headland D. Coastal waters near river outlets.

D. a wave spreads out in a bay 7789. This ocean is found mostly in the south-
ern hemisphere; smaller than the Atlantic;
7785. Most place on Earth have high tides In 2004 a magnitude 9 earthquake gener-
and low tides each day. ated a devastating tsunami along its coast-
A. 2, 2 lines
A. Arctic Ocean
B. 1, 2
B. Indian Ocean
C. 1, 1
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. 2, 1
D. Pacific Ocean
7786. The Gulf stream carries water from
the east coast of The United States to the 7790. Animals that can use their bodies to
West coast of Europe. make light are called
A. magic
B. shiny
C. amazing
D. bioluminescent

7791. Portuguese navigator whom was the


first person to attempt to circumnavigate
completely around the Earth.
A. Cold A. Cook
B. Warm B. Magellan
C. Freezing C. Vikings
D. Fresh D. Greeks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 844

7792. The deep portion of a lake that does not 7797. What group of people discovered that
receive any sunlight at all the angle between the North Star and the
A. profundal horizon could tell you how far north you
were?
B. littoral
A. Greeks
C. limnetic
D. aphotic B. Romans
C. Egyptians
7793. Man made carbon dioxide comes from

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the burning of fossil fuels. An example of D. Phoenicians
a fossil fuel is
A. wood 7798. Earth’s primordial atmosphere most
likely included:
B. oil
C. shale A. ammonia

D. none of above B. carbon dioxide

7794. Which part of the ocean floor is located C. water vapor


at E? D. hydrogen
E. all of the above

7799. When a vast sheet of warm water


moves east toward the coast of South
America, which of the following occurs?
A. continental shelf
A. the girl
B. seamounts
B. the boy
C. volcanic island
D. abyssal plain C. climate changes
E. mid ocean ridge D. seasons change

7795. A coast near an area of lithospheric 7800. “Eerie” to


plate convergence is a(n)
A. fuzzy
A. shore
B. incredible
B. active coast
C. passive coast C. compelling
D. beach D. none of above

7796. Difference in height between succesive 7801. The oceanic floor is made of?
high and low tides
A. Granite
A. Mixed Zone
B. Upwelling B. Basalt

C. Tidal Range C. Cookies


D. none of above D. Water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 845

7802. When an underwater earthquake B. megalodon


causes a giant wave to come ashore, that C. twilight zone
wave is known as a

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D. currents
A. seismic wave
E. none of the above
B. shearing
C. focus wave 7807. During the moon phase shown in the im-
age Earth will experience a-
D. tsunami

7803. What is the deepest part of the ocean


basin?
A. abyssal plains
B. trenches
C. rift zones
D. mid-ocean ridge A. Spring Tide
B. Neap Tide
7804. The heat from inside the Earth is caused
by: 7808. Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor
A. Radioactive decay with conical tops are called
B. Fusion A. seamounts
C. Inner volcanoes B. tablemounts
D. Hot magma C. oceanic trenches

7805. The fact that ice floats on liquid water D. submarine canyons
is due to the fact that water’s solid is
7809. Volcanoes that are NOT found at plate
than it’s liquid form
boundaries and do not move with the plate
above it is called
A. hot spots
B. mid-ocean ridges
C. fissure volcanoes
D. shield volcanoes

7810. New material is most commonly added


A. less polar to the continental shelf through which pro-
B. more polar cess?
C. less dense A. Erosion and Deposition
D. more dense B. Evaporation
C. Subduction of Tectonic Plates
7806. Below the sunlit surface waters lies the
D. Eruption of Volcanoes
A. city of Atlantis E. Metamorphism of Continental Rocks

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 846

7811. What was the name of the superconti- 7816. What is the water body H?
nent on Earth 200 million years ago?
A. Antarctica
B. India
C. Australia
D. Pangea

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7812. What type of tide occurs when seawa-
ter reaches the highest level to which it A. Gulf
regularly rises? B. Sea
A. High tide C. Strait
B. Low tide D. Ocean
C. Spring tide
7817. What is the source of most waves?
D. Neap tide
A. wind
7813. The earth is covered with approxi- B. sun
mately what percentage of water?
C. undercurrents
A. 60
D. moon
B. 70
C. 80 7818. Number of wavelengths that pass by a
point each second.
D. 90
A. Amplitude
7814. Weak, soft layer of solidified (hard-
B. Wavelength
ened) magma beneath the lithosphere
C. Frequency
A. Stratrosphere
D. Wave Speed
B. Asthenosphere
C. Ice Age 7819. As a wave becomes a breaker, its wave-
length
D. Volcanic Ash
A. Decreases
7815. Led a voyage on the HMS Challenger
B. Increases
whose goal was to investigate “every-
thing about the sea.” Brought back data C. Does not Change
that eventually filled 50 large volumes an- D. Becomes a Whitecap
drepresented a major turning point in the
development of ocean science. Recorded 7820. As you go deeper in the water, what
the deepest spot in the world in the Mari- happens to the water pressure?
anas Trench in the Pacific Ocean. A. Nothing happens to the water pres-
A. Captain James Cook sure.
B. Charles Darwin B. Water pressure gets less or lower.
C. Matthew Maury C. Water pressure does not change.
D. Sir Wyville Thomas D. Water pressure gets more or higher.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 847

7821. The density of the mantle is 4.5, the B. Two oceanic plates pull apart
density of the continental crust is C. An Oceanic plate subducts under a

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A. 13 Continental Plate
B. 2.7 D. Two continental plates pull apart
7822. Select which well(s) are working? (se- 7826. Spring or neap
lect 3)
A. Neap
B. Spring
Explanation:When sun, moon, and earth
are inline and create a large pull onto the
tides, it cause the water to move like a
spring or slinky.

7827. Estuaries support a lot of plants and


A. Well 1 other autotrophs because of the high nu-
trient conditions. Where do most of these
B. Well 2
nutrients come from?
C. Well 3
A. brought in by tides
D. Well 4
B. released from the marsh sediments by
E. Well 5 bacteria
7823. What does the x-axis show? C. brought in by rivers
A. Data collection date D. excretion by animals
B. Date of receiving information 7828. The captain of the first voyages made
C. Date of data analysis purely for the scientific study of the oceans
D. none of above was
A. Cook
7824. Diatoms are:
B. Harrison
C. Behaim
D. Toricelli

7829. Name the feature at letter F

A. Phytoplankton A. Ocean Basin


B. Zooplankton B. Continental Slope
7825. Mountains are created when C. Abyssal Plain
A. Two continental plates collide D. Continental Shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 848

7830. It is the wind speed and direction as ex- A. A


perienced by an observer but in this in- B. B
stance the observer need not be station-
ary. C. C
A. True Wind D. D
B. Apparent Wind E. They would all be the same in terms of
retention
C. Beaufort Scale

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Anemometer 7835. What is a common characteristic of the
inner planets?
7831. Which is NOT a definition of solubility?
A. the ability to dissolve
B. a physical property describing how a
solute dissolves in a solvent.
C. The ability of Sol to pay his power bill
every month. A. Large
D. none of above B. Gaseous
7832. What effect would happen if all the ice C. Rings
melted that is currently floating in the Arc- D. Rocky Surface
tic Ocean?
A. It will rise sharply. 7836. How does the density of cold water com-
pare to the density of warm water?
B. It will not change.
A. cold water is less dense than warm wa-
C. It will fall. ter
D. There is not enough information to B. warm water is more dense than cold
say. water
7833. How many major gyres are found in the C. cold water is more dense than warm
world’s oceans? water
A. 2 D. warm water is less dense than cold wa-
B. 3 ter
C. 5 7837. A device that determines the distance of
D. 6 an object under water by recording echoes
of sound waves.
7834. mL of water is added to each tube and
A. Barometer
allowed to drain out. Which container
would have the highest retention of water B. Sonar
after it drained? (particle size gets bigger C. Wave Refraction
as you move to the right)
D. Density Current

7838. These are also known as “sea moun-


tains”.
A. Seamounts

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 849

B. Abyssal Plains 7843. Identify layer #20.


C. Trenches

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D. Continental Shelf

7839. What does NOT cause an tsunami?


A. underwater earthquake
B. Coriolis effect
C. plates shifting A. mantle
D. underwater volcano B. asthenosphere
C. inner core
7840. What is letter B?
D. outer core

7844. A coast in which erosive processes ex-


ceed depositional ones
A. depositional coast
B. passive coast
C. erosional coast
D. primary coast

7845. The salinity of ocean water is not the


same everywhere in the ocean. Which of
the following is a cause of these differ-
ences in salinity?
A. Crest A. changes in the density of ocean water
B. Trough B. high evaporation rates at the ocean’s
C. Resting Position surface
D. Peak C. dumping of salt into ocean water near
coastal cities
E. Tray
D. extraction of ocean water for desalina-
7841. In Geologic Time, what came first, Pre- tion by coastal nations
Cambrian or Palezoic? 7846. Which of the following is the single best
A. PreCambrian evidence in support of the concept of Sea
Floor Spreading?
B. Paleozoic
A. the apparent jigsaw-puzzle fit of the
7842. average salinity of ocean water is continental edges
A. 30 or/yes B. the distribution of fossils in the Gond-
wana continents
B. 33 or/yes
C. the difference in composition of rocks
C. 35 or/yes
that make up the oceanic crust and the
D. 37 or/yes continental crust

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 850

D. the arrangement of magnetic anoma- 7852. At which type of boundary are moun-
lies on the sea floor tains formed?
E. the difference in density of the oceanic
crust and the continental crust
7847. Sailed for England in 1497 to Labrador,
Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, giving
England a claim to North America.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
B. John Cabot A. Convergent
C. Christopher Columbus B. Divergent
D. Ferdinand Magellan C. Subductive Zone
D. Transform
7848. The chimney-like opening at the top of
a sponge is the 7853. The pycnocline is
A. the door A. A location where the ocean water is
B. a kiss welling mixed
C. choanocytes B. is located in the first 400 meters of the
D. cnidocytes ocean
C. A location marked by rapid increase in
7849. Which biome covers most of the land density
mass near the Earth’s equator?
D. Deep in the ocean where density is uni-
A. tundra form
B. desert
7854. the outermost layer of the earth
C. grassland
A. crust
D. tropical rainforest
B. mantle
7850. What is a producer?
C. core
A. Organism that creates their own food.
D. none of above
B. Organism that eat other organisms for
energy 7855. Which number represents the Arctic
Ocean?
C. Organism that eat other dead organ-
isms
D. none of above
7851. What part of the ocean floor would be
the most difficult to explore due to pres-
sure?
A. continental slope A. 7
B. sea mount B. 2
C. trench C. 4
D. abyssal plain D. 9

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 851

7856. Which of the following contains silica 7862. What wave height factor involves the
(SiO2)? time the wind can blow without being in-
terrupted?

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A. Corals
B. Foraminiferans A. Wind fetch
C. Coccolithophores B. Wind duration
D. Radiolarians C. Wind speed
E. Phosphorites
D. Wind direction
7857. The amplitude is the of a wave.
7863. How much time passes between high
A. length
tide and low tide?
B. height
A. 6 Hours and 10 Minutes
C. occurrence
B. 24 Hours
D. height to length
C. 12 Hours and 25 Minutes
7858. Pelagic deposits form
A. in deep ocean basins. D. 12 Hours and 10 Minutes

B. on the continental shelf. 7864. What is special about marine life in the
C. on the continental slope. intertidal zone
D. in warm shallow water. A. cannot live under water
7859. Thermohaline Circulation (deep ocean B. must be able to live underwater and on
currents) is a result of land
A. Global Wind Patterns C. have strong shells covering their bod-
B. Earth’s Rotation ies
C. Density differences / Gravity D. only plants can live in this zone
D. All of the above
7865. How do scientists believe plant and ani-
7860. What part of the continental margin is mal life will be affected by increasing lev-
located at letter C? els of acidity in the ocean?
A. Continental slope A. there will be more food for them to eat,
B. Continental Shelf making it easier to survive
C. Continental rise B. there will be a breakdown of the food
D. none of above web because shelled creatures are a pri-
mary food source
7861. Which was a 3-year expedition that dis-
covered the Marianas Trench? C. the earth will correct the problem it-
self and the oceans’ biodiversity will re-
A. Zoological Station
main the same
B. Bathyscaphe Trieste
D. the plants and animals will adapt to the
C. HMS Challenger increasing acidity and continue to thrive in
D. NOAA the oceans

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 852

7866. Deep currents are caused by differences 7872. The coldest layer of the atmosphere is
in water the
A. salinity A. troposphere.
B. density
B. stratosphere.
C. temperature
C. mesosphere.
D. volume
D. thermosphere.
7867. are tiny hard particles that give a

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sponge support and can provide protection
7873. Damage from hurricane Harvey caused
when they stick out of a sponge.
along the coast is usually caused by
A. sponge
A. wind
B. bones
C. buds B. storm surge

D. spicules C. lightning

7868. the thing that dissolves in a liquid (usu- D. thunder


ally hard)
A. solute 7874. The Coriolis Effect does what to Cur-
rents in the Ocean?
B. solvent
A. Straightens them Out
C. mixture
D. solution B. To curve clockwise in the North and
Counterclockwise in the South
7869. Where would you find the warmest
ocean water? C. To be warmer than cold
A. By healthy plants D. To Curve counterclockwise in the
B. Near the surface of the water South and Clockwise in the North
C. Near the ocean floor
7875. A producer
D. After it rains
A. Eats grass
7870. A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep
ocean floor. B. Makes its own food
A. Continental Shelf C. Does not need food(energy)
B. Continental Slope D. Is a primary consumer
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Neritic Zone 7876. All currents produced by winds are
called currents
7871. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
A. Warm water
A. Earth rotating around the sun
B. Cold Water
B. Earth rotating on its axis
C. The tides C. Surface
D. Magic water fairies D. Hydrothermal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 853

7877. North America is the continent that is 7880. Which of the following is NOT used to
the color divide the ocean into marine life zones?
A. availability of sunlight

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B. distance from shore
C. water depth
D. salinity

7881. What is a flat-topped seamount?

A. yellow A. Continental margin

B. blue B. Guyots

C. green C. Abyssal Plain

D. white D. Fringing reef

7878. Oceans are called carbon sinks, because 7882. How much of Earth’s surface is covered
they (a) from the atmosphere and (b) in oceans?
A. 20%
A. a remove carbon
B. 50%
B. b store it as sediments
C. 75%
C. remove oxygen
D. 90%
D. create ozone
E. remove magnesium 7883. All of the following are major sources of
dissolved oxygen in ponds and lakes EX-
F. make bananas
CEPT:
7879. What is letter C? A. photosynthesis of algae
B. oxygenated water seeping from the
ground
C. photosynthesis of plants
D. mixing of air and surface water by
wind

7884. Which two factors mainly determine the


temperature of ocean water?
A. latitude and depth
B. volcanoes and wind
C. sunspot activity and density
A. Crest D. salinity and nutrient concentration
B. Trough 7885. What is the downslope movements of
C. Resting Position dense, sediment-laden water
D. Compression A. turbidity currents
E. Rarefaction B. shelf currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 854

C. mid-ocean ridges 7890. The amount of heat a substance may


store and release is called (a) .
D. atolls
A. a latency
7886. Hermit crabs live in shells made and
B. density
then abandoned by snails. The snails are
unaffected. C. viscosity
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
7891. What do S (secondary) waves do during
an earthquake?
A. Shake the ground
B. Cause eruptions
C. Open cracks in the earth’s surface
D. Create loud noises
A. parasitism
B. commensalism 7892. Accumulated sediment found at the base
of the continental slope
C. mutualism
A. coastal plain
D. none of above
B. submarine canyon
7887. What is the measure of the amount of C. continental rise
dissolved salts in seawater?
D. abyssal plain
A. Salinity
7893. Jacques Cousteau is best known for
B. Density
helping to perfect which marine technol-
C. Temperature ogy?
D. Darkness A. Nuclear submarines
B. Scuba diving equipment
7888. Which of the following helps to create
long sandbars? C. Remote sensing
A. deep current D. The Disney channel animations
B. surface current 7894. Choose the correct option
C. density current
D. longshore current

7889. deepest part of the ocean where two


plates have collided and one plate is forced
downward
A. Trench A. Crab Pots
B. Continental shelf B. SCUBA
C. slope C. CTD Rosette
D. surface D. Drift Bottle

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 855

7895. Siliceous and calcareous oozes are a A. brings nutrients from the deep ocean
type of to the surface

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A. terrigenous sediment B. it allows animals to find new homes
B. lithogenous sediment. C. causes density changes that circulate
C. biogenous sediment. temperature

D. cosmogenous sediment. D. brings nutrients from the surface to


the deep ocean
7896. The four principle ocean basins (plus an
additional ocean) on Earth are: 7900. help explain why Earth is not get-
ting any larger even though the tectonic
A. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, South- plates are always moving.
ern (or Antarctic) Ocean
A. earthquakes
B. Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North
America B. subduction zones

C. Amazon, Nile, Mississippi, Yangtze, C. fossils


Ganges D. volcanoes
D. Mediterranean, Caribbean, Baltic, Red 7901. A scientist wanted to send a camera to
Sea, Caspian Sea explore the deepest parts of the ocean.
7897. What are some special properties of wa- Which area of the ocean should the cam-
ter? era be sent?

A. Changes in state of matter A. Ocean trench

B. High heat of vaporization B. Continental slope


C. Continental shelf
C. All answers are correct
D. Continental rise
D. None of the answers are correct
E. Abyssal plain
E. Universal solvent
7902. According to the text, what was the im-
7898. Oceans cover what percentage of the
petus of studying ocean processes that led
Earth’s surface?
to the great expansion of the science of
A. 50 oceanography? (From Chapter 1.3)
B. 60 A. the search for offshore petroleum and
C. 70 warfare (specifically World War II)
D. 80 B. the curiosity of the open ocean by an-
cient civilizations
7899. Explain the importance of upwelling to
C. the need for trade routes and com-
ocean life.
merce to emerge
D. financing voyages in the Age of Discov-
ery that led to o the Americas and then
circumnavigating the globe
E. building maritime marvels like the
Phoenician Fireship and the Chinese
Tower Ship

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 856

7903. Where you find the most earthquakes. A. Seamount


A. active margin B. Abyssal plain
B. passive margin C. Continental shelf
C. translation margin D. Volcanic Island
D. divergent boundaries
7909. How does the Coriolis effect influence
7904. This is often referred to as the Earth’s moving objects?
“air conditioner”.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. It causes objects to move in a straight
A. The Upwelling/Downwelling system line.
B. The Spiral/Eddie system B. It causes objects to move from east to
west.
C. The Ocean Conveyor Belt system
D. The Deep Water Mass system C. It causes objects to move to the right
in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left
7905. What can harm animals and plants in the in the Southern Hemisphere.
ocean? D. It causes objects to move to the left in
A. water the Northern Hemisphere and to the right
B. sun in the Southern Hemisphere.
C. sea salt 7910. The California Current moves colder arc-
D. chemicals and garbage tic water
A. North
7906. A hydrometer measures all but this pa-
rameter. B. West
A. density C. East
B. temperature D. South
C. salinity 7911. How are currents deflected in the north-
D. pH ern and southern hemisphere?

7907. Ocean Water Sampling-Click the 3 A. Left in Northern HemisphereRight in


words to fill in the blankMeasures:* Southern Hemisphere
*Salinity *Productivity (plants and B. Left in Northern HemisphereLeft in
)*Density (specific ) Southern Hemisphere
A. Temperature C. Right in Northern HemisphereLeft in
B. Volume Southern Hemisphere
C. animals D. Right in Northern HemispheRight in
Southern Hemisphere
D. gravity
E. mass 7912. Imagine that you are scuba diving in the
ocean. As you swim deeper toward the
7908. What feature is B? ocean floor, what will increase? Circle all
correct answers.
A. the amount of light
B. the amount of pressure

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 857

C. the water temperature C. The Jelly


D. the salinity D. The Bioluminescent One

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7913. The two (2) main sources of salt in the E. The Mariana Trench Explorer
ocean:
7918. Name the floor feature:An underwater
A. weathering of rock
volcano with a flat top
B. volcanoes
A. Seamount
C. outer space (meteorites)
B. Mid-Oceanic Ridge
D. living organisms (shells)
C. Trench
E. Human waste (salt in feces)
D. Guyot
7914. Why does water move from the roots
to the leaves of plants? 7919. What is the part of the wave marked by
A. Water is pushed by solutes #2?
B. Capillary action pulls the water
molecules like a chain
C. Water is pulled by gravity
D. Water’s cohesion causes it to “pull” to-
wards the leaves

7915. Developed a rectangular grid system A. wavelength


showing distances north and south of the
B. crest
equator and east and west of the prime
meridian that is still used today. C. trough
A. Cosmas D. amplitude
B. Martin Behaim
7920. In what mechanical layer of Earth do
C. Christopher Columbus convection currents take place?
D. Gerardus Mercator A. asthenosphere
7916. As depth increases, pressure will B. lithosphere
A. increase C. inner core
B. decrease D. none of above
C. remain the same
7921. Which of the following is NOT a feature
D. none of above
we could expect near a convergent subduc-
7917. What answer choice best describes the tion boundary?
submersible used in 2012 by a famous A. Volcanoes
filmmaker to travel to the bottom of the
Mariana Trench? (From Chapter 1.1) B. Mid Ocean Ridges
A. Deepsea Challenger C. Earthquakes
B. The Trieste D. Ocean Trenches

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 858

7922. Name the feature at letter D 7926. What method did scientists use to deter-
mine that Earth was 4.5 billion years old?
A. Chemosynthesis
B. Magnetic field orientation
C. Radioactive decay
A. Trench D. Relative dating

B. Mid-Ocean Ridge 7927. Which is an example of a Pelagic fish?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Seamount A. mackerel, fish
D. Rift Valley B. Sweet-eyed fish
C. gecko fish
7923. Identify #1 of the Earth’s layers
D. bream
7928. These are special structures that allow
fish to remove dissolved oxygen from wa-
ter.
A. gills
B. eyes
C. fins
D. none of above
A. inner core
7929. Which of the following is characteristic
B. crust of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate bound-
C. mantle aries?
D. outer core A. Mid-ocean ridges
B. Fracture zones
7924. A result of upwelling is a/an in nu-
C. Hot spots
trients in the water.
D. Volcanic island arcs
A. Decrease
B. Increase 7930. Victor Henson coined the term for what
life form?
C. No Change
A. Fish
D. none of above
B. Plankton
7925. Which zone includes organisms that C. Whale
have to adapt to both wet and dry con- D. Shark
ditions?
7931. Which prevailing winds influence the
A. intertidal North Equatorial Current?
B. neritic A. Westerlies
C. oceanic B. North East Tradewinds
D. benthic C. The Polar Easterlies
E. aphotic D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 859

7932. People can obtain groundwater by


drilling a well A.

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A. above the water table
B. into an aquifer B.
C. into the unsaturated zone.
D. into the impermeable layer.
C.
7933. As waves reach the shore, wavelength
decreases and wave height increases.
A. True
D.
B. False

7934. What is represented at point 3? 7938. About what percentage of the incoming
sunlight is absorbed by the Earth’s land
and water surface?
A. 20%
B. 51%
C. 67%
A. wave height D. 89%
B. wavelength 7939. These are waves that can break in the
C. crest open sea.
D. trough A. Rogue wave
B. White caps
7935. a layer of water below the mixed sur-
C. Tsunami
face layer where a rapid change in salinity
can be measured as depth increases D. Swells
A. density 7940. gently sloping shelf of land extending
B. thermocline from the shoreline to the continental edge

C. salinity A. Continental Slope


B. Continental Shelf
D. halocline
C. Continental Rise
7936. Who mapped the Gulf Stream D. Abyssal Plain
A. A. John Harrison
7941. What is labeled (A) on the diagram
B. Ben Franklin shown?
C. C. Captain James Cook
D. D. Robert Ballard

7937. Which picture better relates to


“Tsunami”?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 860

A. Continental Shelf 7947. Your “basic” or most well known echin-


B. Continental Slope oderm type; Peach and Patrick are this
type
C. Continental Rise
A. sea cucumbers
D. Oceanic Trench
B. sea urchins
E. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. sea stars
7942. Radioactive studies and lava flows of-
D. brittle stars

NARAYAN CHANGDER
fer evidence that there has been abundant
water throughout Earth’s geologic history.
7948. What are the main surface circulation
A. true
patterns in each ocean?
B. false
A. Polar and Equatorial currents
7943. Name the feature at letter C B. North and South currents
C. Western and Eastern boundary cur-
rents
D. Deep and Shallow currents

A. Seamount 7949. the deepest part of the ocean


B. Rift Valley A. trenches
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge B. abyssal plain
D. Trench C. ocean basin
7944. The continental shelf slants D. rift
A. Gradually
7950. Which of the following is NOT evidence
B. Sharply to support the theory of plate tectonics?
7945. What is the main contributor to the for- A. Fossils
mation of waves?
B. Mountains
A. Earthquakes
C. Glaciers
B. Wind
D. Sand Erosion
C. Warm water
D. Salinity 7951. The thermocline is the portion on a
graph that shows a rapid period of change
7946. Three primary reasons for early civ-
in as you move through the middle of
ilization to interact with the ocean in-
a body of water.
clude:(select all that apply)
A. Obtaining food A. temperature

B. Trade B. density
C. Discover new lands C. salinity
D. Search for treasure D. altitude

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 861

7952. Define Upwelling D. buildings are damaged, crumbling like


A. The process in which warm, nutrient- liquid

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


poor water from the ocean depths rises
7957. Hydrogenous?
to the surface.
A. made from chemical precipitates in the
B. The process in which cold, nutrient-
sea water
poor water from the ocean depths rises
to the surface. B. from the shells and bones of living
C. The process in which warm, nutrient- things
rich water from the ocean depths rises to C. from the land, travels down streams
the surface. and rivers to the ocean
D. The process in which cold, nutrient- D. very fine sediment from outer space
rich water from the ocean depths rises to origins
the surface.
E. sediments from volcanic activity
7953. How does the changing temperature in
the ocean impact coral reefs? 7958. What is the name of this vessel and
which organization operates it?
A. When the temperature changes, the
coral reefs turn white which is coral A. Aircraft Carrier, USN
bleaching. This indicates that the corals B. Cutter, USCG
have died.
C. Submarine, USN
B. When the temperature changes, noth-
ing happens. D. Submersible

7954. What is the name of the area where one 7959. “Sediment” to
crust slides underneath another A. mule
A. no flex zone B. parts
B. subduction zone
C. dust
C. transverse zone
D. none of above
D. school zone
7960. Water that is part fresh and part salt
7955. The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the
Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this
boundary
A. Divergent
B. Convergent
C. Reform
D. Transform

7956. Liquefaction is when A. Mr. Jordan


A. the soil behaves like liquid B. Brackish
B. the ground becomes liquid C. Current
C. magma rises to the surface D. Seamount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 862

7961. A hugely productive upwelling current C. Solid crust


off the western coast of Africa is known D. Liquid core
as the current.
7966. What are 2 benefits of currents?
A. the boy
A. icebergs & upwelling
B. Gulf Stream
B. salinity & gyres
C. California
C. precipitation & sunlight
D. Benguela

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. movement, weather & climate
7962. If the moon were to move CLOSER to
Earth, which of the following would be 7967. What causes variations in solar radia-
true? tion on Earth?
A. Tides
B. Wind patterns
C. Earth’s tilt and rotation
D. Ocean currents

A. High tides would get higher 7968. A is a type of local wind that occurs
during the nighttime.
B. Low tides would get higher
A. Sea Breeze
C. There would be no change to the tides
B. Land Breeze
D. High tide and Low tide would have litte
difference in size. 7969. To predict weather, meteorologist mea-
sure 5 properties of what?
7963. What are the 3 motions of the ocean?
A. climate
A. Surf
B. clouds
B. Currents
C. precipitation
C. Waves
D. air
D. Tides
7970. The most common dissolved salt in sea-
7964. Which ocean is also known as the water is
Antarctic Ocean? A. Sodium Chloride
A. Arctic Ocean. B. Hydrogen Sulfide
B. Atlantic Ocean. C. Magnesium Chloride
C. Indian Ocean. D. Boron
D. Pacific Ocean.
7971. The White Cliffs of Dover are an ex-
E. Southern Ocean. ample of which of the following sediment
types?
7965. What was the most prevalent argument
against the continental drift theory made A. Biogenous
by some scientists at that time? B. Hydrogenous
A. Solid mantle C. lithogenous
B. Liquid mantle D. cosmogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 863

7972. The Streams and rivers that flow into 7976. Put into Scientific Notation:0.000000684
the ocean collect from the rocks and A. 6.84 x 10-7
soil.

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B. 6.84 x 107
A. Dirt
C. 6.84 x 10-8
B. sand
D. 6.84 x 108
C. minerals
7977. The youngest seafloor rocks are found:
D. salt
A. nearest the continental slopes
7973. Which of these events can ONLYhappen B. near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean
on aDIVERGENT BOUNDARY? ridges
C. beneath the deep sea trenches
D. evenly distributed over the ocean
basins
7978. A large, flat, almost level area of the
deep-ocean basin
A. Trench
A. Rift Valley B. Volcanic Island

B. Mountain C. Abyssal Plain


D. Seamount
C. A peninsula
D. An Insanely complex, long answer that 7979. Scientists use sound to learn about the
you will click out of instinct. ocean.

7974. Ice melting in the ocean salinity.


A. decreases
B. increases
C. does not affect
D. none of above

7975. Island arc.


A. True
B. False
7980. Sponges have many pores or to cir-
culate water.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 6

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 864

A. a kiss C. Letters B and D indicate high tides,


B. holes where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the position of the sun.
C. ostia
D. sponge D. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
7981. During La Niña events, which atmo- cause of the strong winds blowing across
spheric condition is commonly associated the oceans.
with the equatorial Pacific region?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Weakening of the Walker circulation 7984. True or false “hot rock rises, cooler
rocks sink down”
B. Anomalously warm sea surface tem-
peratures A. true
C. Intensification of the easterly trade B. false
winds
D. Reduced rainfall in the western Pacific 7985. Which is not a branch of oceanography?
A. Meteorological
7982. Ocean currents are produced by
A. volcanoes on the bottom of the ocean B. Chemical
floor. C. Psychological
B. earthquakes on the bottom of the D. Biological
ocean floor.
C. differences in the temperature of the 7986. Earth is often called the blue planet be-
water at different depths. cause covers much of its surface.
D. differences in the number of organ- A. turquoise
isms living at different depths.
B. water
7983. Refer to the diagram above. High and
low tides occur twice daily at regular in- C. air
tervals. Which answer identifies where D. ice
on Earth high tide is occurring and best ex-
plains why? 7987. flow of ocean water caused by changes
in density
A. Continental Shelf
B. Upwelling
C. Seamount
D. Thermohaline Circulation
A. Letters C and D indicate high tides,
where the tidal bulges would occur be- 7988. The gyres are named after
cause of the differences in density and
salinity of the ocean water. A. continents
B. Letters A and C indicate high tides, B. countries
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
C. oceans
cause of the gravitational pull between
the Earth and the moon. D. Mr. Gyre

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 865

7989. Which two theories are most accepted 7993. Which is the biggest factor for survival
for explaining the formation of Earth’s in water emergencies?
oceans?

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A. ability to swim
A. Comets and Volcanism B. ability to not panic and prepare for
B. Volcanism and Continental Drift emergencies
C. Comets and Continental Drift C. wearing a life jacket
D. Volcanism and Convection Currents D. temperature of the water

7990. What is the term used to describe a sud- 7994. Disposing of paint and other household
den increase in phytoplankton growth? hazardous materials down the drain

A. Point
B. Non-Point
A. A Spring
B. A Migration 7995. All currents produced by winds are
called currents
C. A Bloom
A. Warm water
D. A Flower
B. Cold Water
7991. Penguins are found mostly in the Antarc-
C. Surface
tic and Arctic regions.
D. Upwelling
A. True
B. False 7996. Which feature of the continental margin
extends directly off the shoreline?
7992. Which soil would have the greatest per-
A. continental rise
meability rate after a rainstorm?
B. continental shelf
C. continental slope
D. abyssal plain

7997. Shallow parts of ocean made of conti-


nental crust.
A. Continental Margin
A. sand (0.02 cm) B. Ocean Basin
B. silt (0.002 cm) 7998. Salinity is the measurement of which of
C. clay (0.0002 cm) the following in water
D. none of above A. carbon dioxide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 866

B. oxygen 8003. Which vocabulary term is used to iden-


tify the distance between points C G?
C. dissolved salts
D. sand

7999. Which moon phase will the tides be the


highest?
A. Full A. Amplitude

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. 1st quarter B. Crest
C. Waxing Gibbous C. Frequency
D. 3rd quarter D. Wavelength

8000. What is the temperatures at which wa- 8004. The deflection of wind (Right in the
ter vapor condenses called? Northern Hemisphere and Left in the
Southern Hemisphere)
A. hygrometer
A. Trade Winds
B. dew point
B. Coriolis Effect
C. relative humidity
C. Ocean Currents
D. none of the above
D. Prevailing Winds
8001. Which term/s mean enough light for
photosynthesis? 8005. What organisms are you more likely to
see in the deep ocean? Pick all that you
A. photic think are the correct answers
B. euphotic A. Seal
C. aphotic B. Penguin
D. disphotic C. Whale
E. twilight zone D. Giant Squid
8002. Salinity means 8006. flat floors of the ocean
A. continental shelf
B. abyssal plain
C. continental ridge
D. seamount

8007. Sponges are primarily sessile organisms.


What does this mean?
A. how many fish are in the water A. They live permanently in one place
B. how much salt is in the water B. They move around their whole life
C. what is the water temperature C. They live in a symbiotic relationship
D. how dense is the ocean water D. They slide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 867

8008. Plankton from 20mm to 200mm in size. 8013. Which ocean has a layer of ice a few me-
A. Microplankton ters thick?

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B. Plankton A. Arctic

C. Red tide B. Atlantic

D. Vertical migration C. Indian


D. Pacific
8009. What is all the water that runs off the
surface of the land and washes into rivers, 8014. What type of seafloor feature is a
streams, and other waterways called? circular-shaped, flat-topped underwater
mountain that has been eroded by wave
action and now lies below the sea surface?
A. volcano
B. canyon
C. plateau
D. guyot

8015. Precipitation is
A. Runoff
A. evaporation
B. Storm Drain
B. precipitation
C. Surface Water
C. thermolhaline circulation
D. Tributary
D. none of above
8010. What factors determine the density of
ocean water 8016. What is the pH of the ocean?
A. Salinity and Latitude A. 7.0
B. Latitude and Longitude B. 8.1
C. Salinity and Temperature C. 2.5
D. Longitude and Temperature D. 10.9

8011. The biggest factor in creating surface 8017. Evidence for the image shown
currents is:
A. wind
B. salt
C. temperature
D. Coriolis effect

8012. Which tides have the highest levels? A. Blue shift in the light of this explosion
A. King tides B. No shift in the light from this explosion
B. Neap tides C. Red shift in the light from this occur-
C. Spring tides rence
D. Fall tides D. Recession of our galaxy

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 868

8018. What affects the density of water and C. a decrease in carbon dioxide in the
caused thermohaline circulation of deep ocean
currents?
D. a decrease in oxygen in the ocean
A. Salt & temperature
B. Salt & wind 8024. Can power from ocean currents be har-
nessed as a source of energy?
C. The seasons of the year
A. Yes, ocean currents are not a viable
D. Temperature & wind

NARAYAN CHANGDER
source of energy.
8019. Which type of marine sediments include B. No, harnessing ocean currents is
siliceous and calcareous ooze? harmful to marine life.
A. Lithogenous
C. Yes, ocean currents can be harnessed
B. Cosmogenous as a renewable energy source.
C. Biogenous D. No, ocean currents cannot generate
D. Hydrogenous enough energy for practical use.

8020. Where would you most likely find ben- 8025. What is the main cause of the Gulf
thos organisms? Steam current?
A. in the inter-tidal zone
B. on the beach
C. traveling in the oceans currents
D. on or in the ocean bottom

8021. What causes tides?


A. gravity A. changes in density
B. wind B. changes in temperature
C. spring
C. prevailing winds
D. neap
D. gravity
8022. Which of the following is FALSE about
marshes near coastlines? 8026. What can cause a tsunami?
A. Marshes are dominated by grass-like A. earthquake
plants
B. underwater volcanoes
B. Marshes have brackish water
C. landslides
C. Marshes do not rise and fall with the
tides D. all of these
D. Marshes are biologically productive
8027. The Great barrier reef is so large it can
8023. What is ocean acidification? be seen form the moon
A. a decrease in fossil fuels in the ocean A. True
B. a decrease in pH in the ocean B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 869

8028. Why is upwelling important? 8033. THESE ARE FLAT NEARLY LEVEL AREAS.
A. Upwelling regulates ocean tempera- A. ABYSSAL PLAINS

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ture
B. RIFT
B. Upwelling provides nutrient rich water
C. GUYOT
that sustains life
D. ISLANDS
C. Upwelling controls the tides
D. Upwelling helps sailors to navigate the 8034. How is it possible for new crust to
seas be formed without increasing the surface
area of the Earth?
8029. What country sits above China?
A. Crust is destroyed at the same time it
A. America is created
B. Turkey B. New crust is underwater where it
C. Australia sinks
D. Russia C. New crust breaks more easily than old
crust
8030. Tide current causes water to move
D. none of above
A. gradually toward land
8035. Which of these increases as a submarine
B. quickly at high and low tide and slow
dives deeper into the ocean?
down at mid-cycle
C. slowly at high and low tide and speed
up at mid-cycle
D. quickly at flood tide and slowly at ebb
tide

8031. Name feature C


A. The number of plants in the water
B. the freshness of the water
C. the water temperature
D. the water pressure
A. guyot
8036. What is letter A?
B. seamount
C. abyssal plain
D. continental shelf

8032. The H+ ion is a(n)


A. acid A. Cont. Shelf
B. base B. Cont. Slope
C. neutral C. Seamount
D. none of above D. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 870

8037. Which statement correctly describes the


motion of water particles due to the action
of waves?
A. they travel from one crest to another
B. they move in opposite direction of the
wave
C. they rise and fall in a circular motion A. Seamount

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. they move back and forth B. Volcanic Island
C. Continental Rise
8038. What product does a nuclear power D. Continental Shelf
plant produce for its customers?
8043. Due to the Coriolis effect currents in the
A. electricity
northern hemisphere are deflected to the
B. a turbine A. right
C. hot water B. left
D. steam C. not deflected
D. none of above
8039. What is the primary cause of deep cur-
rents in the ocean? 8044. How does the Gulf Stream affect
A. the Coriolis effect weather conditions along the eastern
coast of the United States?
B. winds
A. The Gulf Stream causes temperatures
C. density differences in ocean water to decrease.
D. upwelling B. The Gulf Stream causes temperatures
to increase.
8040. How far do surface currents extend be- C. The Gulf Stream causes more overcast
low the surface? skies.
A. 700km D. none of above
B. 100km 8045. Waves get their energy from
C. 300km A. water
D. 400km B. wind
C. light
8041. As depth increases, temperature
D. none of above
A. increases
8046. Thermohaline circulation is driven by
B. stays the same
A. longitude
C. decreases
B. latitude
D. none of above
C. density differences
8042. Choose the correct option D. the Coriolis effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 871

8047. What is the process used to map the 8051. When did the first ocean form?
ocean floor?
A. 10 mya

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A. Sonic Boom
B. 3 mya
B. Nansen scan
C. 4 mya
C. Side scan sonar
D. 7 mya
D. Bathyscaphe
8052. The ocean between about 4000 and
8048. What is this? 5000 meters deep
A. abyssal zone
B. In the bathyal zone
C. pelagic zone
D. photic zone

A. Blanket Ray 8053. There are four oceans.


B. Stingray A. True
C. Leopard Ray B. False
D. Eagle Ray
8054. Upwelling increases amounts of this at
8049. What amount of the ocean is salt? the surface
A. 97.5% A. air concentrations
B. 3.5% B. Warm water
C. 89% C. Organic nutrients
D. none of above D. detritus
8050. What Safety Symbol is this? 8055. What landform is created when two
oceanic plates diverge or pull away from
each other
A. Trench
B. Abyssal Plain
C. Continental Rise
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge

8056. benthic animals that live on the sea floor

A. Eye Protectin A. infauna


B. Hand Protection B. epifauna
C. Caustic Substance C. inflora
D. Animal Safety D. epiflora

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 872

8057. In 1970 the was founded within the 8063. Which of these does NOT describe a
Department of Commerce type of front?
A. FEMA A. warm
B. NOAA B. continental
C. Red Cross C. stationary
D. All the above D. occluded
8058. The Earth is approximately

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8064. Which research method involves collect-
A. 6, 000 years old ing samples of water, sediment, and ma-
B. 4.6 billion years old rine organisms?
C. 4.6 million years old A. seafloor sampling
D. 40 billion years old B. oceanic sampling

8059. Biological Oceanography is the study of C. marine sampling


D. aquatic sampling
A. marine life and their ecosystems.
8065. Tectonic plates move because of
B. the composition of seawater, including
the amount of salt dissolved. A. Conduction currents
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes B. Radiation
and mountains. C. Convection currents
D. ocean currents and motions of the D. Dark matter
ocean.
8066. Air moving perpendicular to the ground
8060. If you wanted to sort sand/gravel sed-
is called
iment by size, which would you use?
A. Wind
A. Secchi DISk
B. Hydrometer B. Crosswind

C. Sieve C. Perpendicular wind


D. Hydrophone D. Current

8061. Fish are abundant in areas where the 8067. Coastal landforms and a type of dune
ocean is upwelling because it- system that are exceptionally flat or
A. Causes currents that bring fish to the lumpy areas of sand that form by wave
area and tidal action parallel to the mainland
coast. They usually occur in chains, con-
B. Brings nutrients to the surface sisting of anything from a few islands to
C. Causes turbulence that attracts fish more than a dozen.
D. Changes tidal flow in that area A. bobbin
8062. Tropical organisms will grow faster. B. spit
A. True C. barrier islands
B. False D. wave-cut platforms

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 873

8068. Found the Titanic 8074. Distance between waves-measured


A. Deep Flight crest to crest or trough to trough

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B. Dr. Sylvia Earle A. wavelength
C. Dr. Robert Ballard B. crest
D. Jacques Cousteau C. trough
8069. 90% of marine life lives here D. wave height (amplitude)
A. Seamonts
8075. How did the early captains navigate the
B. The ocean waters?
C. Trenches
A. Using the contours of the land
D. Continental shelf
B. Using a depth finder
8070. What property of water allows it to C. Using a compass
form droplets on a surface?
D. guessing
A. Adhesion
B. Cohesion 8076. What is a partially enclosed body of wa-
C. High heat capacity ter that has a mixture of salt water from
the ocean and fresh water from rivers and
D. Surface tension
streams?
8071. A mid-ocean ridge is formed from A. Estuary
A. abyssal plains
B. Watershed
B. the continental shelf
C. Tributary
C. lava
D. Bay
D. a trench

8072. In the Northern Hemisphere, which di- 8077. Foraminifera (calcium based) shells are
rection do cold water surface currents usu- likely to be deposited and form
ally go? A. calcerous ooze
A. To the north
B. silaceous ooze
B. To the south
C. heavy metal deposits
C. To the East
D. uranium deposits
D. To the West

8073. Which of the following are resources the 8078. According to the fossil records on Earth,
ocean can be used for the earliest-known life-forms were primi-
tive
A. drinking
A. bacteria
B. shipping
C. recreation B. plants
D. bathing C. shells
E. mining D. reptiles

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 874

8079. The process of deep, nutrient-rich water B. are a buffer for storms
moving upward to replace surface water C. provide shelter
that has blown farther offshore is called
D. provide a habitat for many organisms
A. downwelling 8083. As a result of the Coriolis effect in the
B. upwelling northern hemisphere, winds are deflected:
C. rip current A. At a 45◦ angle from the original direc-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tion.
D. longshore current
B. At a 90◦ angle from the original direc-
8080. Identify letter “B” tion.
C. To the right of the original direction.
D. To the left of the original direction.

8084. What happens to the surrounding sea-


water when sea ice forms in the Earth’s
polar regions?
A. It becomes less salty
A. Continental shelf
B. It becomes warmer
B. Continental slope
C. It becomes less dense
C. Continental Rise
D. It becomes saltier
D. Continental break
E. Turbidity current 8085. What causes wind to blow?

Explanation:

8081. Which countries have been responsi-


ble for controversial whaling practices in
2023?
A. Norway, Iceland, Japan and the USA A. Animal movement
B. Sweden, Iceland, Japan and Canada B. Similar air temperatures
C. Norway, Denmark, South Korea and C. A giant blowing out candles
the USA
D. Differences in air temperature
D. Finland, Iceland, Indonesia and the
USA 8086. Karst topography occurs where carbon
dioxide dissolves in water to make an acid
8082. What benefits do mangroves have to that dissolves limestone. What are some
the ecosystem? features of the Karst topography in Vir-
A. filter water ginia’s Valley and Ridge region

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 875

B. the salinity of the water at the surface


C. the speed, duration, and distance of

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the wind
D. the pressure of the water below the
surface
A. mountains and valleys
8091. A wave is the transfer of energy
B. sink holes and caverns
through matter.
C. quicksand and rolling hills
A. True
D. lakes and glaciers B. False
8087. What answer choice best describes 8092. What are tides?
geothermal energy?
A. They are the rising and falling of ocean
A. deep inside the Earth lies hot water water.
and steam that can be used to heat homes
B. They are the rising and falling of ocean
and businesses and generate electricity
birds.
cleanly and efficiently
C. They are the rising and falling of
B. from the Latin words geo, or “earth, “
aquatic water.
and therme, meaning “heat”
D. The freezing and melting of arctic ice
C. energy is transferred to the turbines
of the generator and produces electricity 8093. Chemosynthetic bacteria use what com-
D. matter usually thought of as garbage; pounds in the specialized environment for
includes things like leaves, tree branches, energy to produce food?
leftover crops, wood chips, bark, animal A. NaCl
manure and old tires B. Sulfur
8088. Water scatters and absorbs light. C. Nitrogen
A. True D. Iron
B. False 8094. Upwelling brings water to the ocean
surface.
8089. Are Meroplankton producers or con-
sumers, and why? A. warm

A. Consumers, because they’re primarily B. cold


zooplankton C. clear
B. Consumers, because they need more D. drinkable
energy
8095. This submersible helped in finding the lo-
C. Producers, because they’re phyto- cation of the sunken Titanic.
plankton
D. They can be either producers or con-
sumers, depending on the species.

8090. What affects the size of waves?


A. the distance from shore

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 876

A. The Alvin 8101. What kind of boundary is shown in this


B. The Argo image?
C. The Challenger
D. The Titanic
8096. What does the global conveyor belt do?
A. Makes currents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Makes weather change
C. Affects ocean climate
D. none of above
A. Divergent
8097. Steep incline beyond the continental
shelf B. Convergent:Subduction
A. continental shelf C. Convergent:Collision
B. fault-block mountain D. Transform
C. mid-ocean ridge
D. continental slope 8102. Name the feature
A. Abyssal Plain
8098. What phases does the moon need to be
in for a neap tide to occur? B. Seamount
A. 1st & 3rd quarter C. Island
B. waxing & waning gibbous D. Guyre
C. new & full moon
D. waxing & waning crescent 8103. Surface currents can extend as deep
as 100m and several thousand kilometers
8099. Volcanoes contributed to the chemical long.
composition of
A. True
A. oceans
B. False
B. mantle
C. ozone layer 8104. Identify #1 and #11
D. none of above
8100. You are on a sinking ship 100 km from
land with no radio. You put an SOS mes-
sage in a bottle. How long will it take for A. Continental shelf
the waves to carry it to land (wavelength
5 m, waveheight 2 m, period 15s)? B. Continental slope
A. About a day C. Continental rise
B. About a month D. Seamount
C. About a year E. Rift Valley
D. Never Explanation:

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 877

8105. Supportive structures of sponges that 8110. What features will be found at a diver-
are flexible and made of the protein col- gent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary
lagen

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A. Rift valley
A. the door B. Deep Sea Trench, tsunamis and earth-
B. spicules quakes
C. sponge C. Mountains and earthquakes
D. cnidocytes D. Mid Ocean ridge

8106. What is the main cause of ocean tides? 8111. Why does ice float on water?
A. Gravitational pull of the moon.
B. Wind speed.
C. Temperature variations.
D. Earth’s revolution.

8107. What are the four reasons the study of


oceanography is important to the Navy? A. When it freezes it becomes less dense
A. Political, Social, Economic, and Strate- B. When it freezes it becomes more
gic dense
B. Social, Military, Economic, and Geolog- C. When it freezes its density stays the
ical same
C. Defense, Offense, Sea Control, and D. none of above
Power Projection
D. Strategic, Social, Cultural, and Scien- 8112. A solvent is
tific A. a substance into which the solute dis-
solves
8108. Which type of wave is pictured here?
B. a compound being dissolved
C. a substance that does not dissolve
D. None of the above

8113. How do currents benefit weather and


climate?
A. Longitudinal
A. cold waters move and bring cold
B. Transverse weather
C. Light B. warm waters move and bring warm
D. Electromagnetic weather
C. warm waters move and bring cold
8109. Waves are a result of energy transfer.
weather
A. True
D. cold waters move and bring warm
B. False weather

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 878

8114. A trench is formed at what zone? 8120. What answer choice best describes the
A. subduction term Mare Liberum?
A. free access to the sea by all nations
B. divergent
B. cannons that can fire 5 kilometers
C. convergent
C. the sea being split between Spain and
D. strike-slip
Portugal
8115. TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes, D. EEZs

NARAYAN CHANGDER
oozes are sediments of at least 25% of
biological origin. 8121. Which number on the diagram indicates
a crest?
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

8116. What is responsible for bringing


nutrient-rich water to the surface?
A. upwelling
A. 1
B. downwelling
B. 2
C. thermohaline circulation
C. 3
D. gyres
D. 4
8117. What are some of the disadvantages of
8122. Examine the five words and/or phrases
beach nourishment?
and determine the relationship among the
A. Short Term Solution majority of words/phrases. Choose the
B. Long Term Solution one option that does not fit the pattern.
C. Cheap A. Manganese nodules
D. Expensive B. Tektites
C. Metal sulfides
8118. Contour lines on a topographic map that
are close together indicate that: D. Halite and other salts
E. Phosphates
A. the land slopes gradually.
B. the land is very steep. 8123. Longitudinal waves are
C. the elevation is very high. A. push-pull
D. the elevation is very low. B. side to side
C. circular
8119. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
textbook, what city does the 0◦ meridian D. none of above
run? 8124. An adult King Penguin grow
A. Greenwich Village, New York A. up to 70 cm
B. Greenwich, Connecticut B. up to 90 cm
C. Paris, France C. up to 100 cm
D. Greenwich, England D. up to 120 cm

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 879

8125. an underwater volcano 8130. Which of the following affect the ocean
A. Continental Shelf currents?

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B. Upwelling A. Data marker buoys
C. Seamount B. The turning motion of Earth
D. Thermohaline Circulation C. Thermohalines

8126. The California Current (west coast) car- D. All of these


ries water from canada
8131. Higher salinity =
A. Cold
A. Higher density
B. Warm
B. Lower density
C. Freezing
D. Fresh 8132. 6th century map maker who thought the
Earth was a flat rectangle.
8127. What is salinity?
A. Cosmas
A. The measure of the water’s tempera-
ture B. Leif Erikson
B. The measure of the dissolved salt in C. Christopher Columbus
water D. Venerable Bede
C. The measure of the speed of currents
8133. The branch of science that deals with the
D. none of above chemical and biological properties of the
8128. pH value of less than 7 is considered to sea is
be A. Meteorology
A. polluted. B. Geology
B. basic. C. Oceanography
C. like drain cleaner. D. Geography
D. acidic.
8134. These are big balls and irregular lumps
8129. Choose the correct option of ice that fall from large thunderstorms.
it is purely a solid precipitation.
A. Rain
B. Snow
C. Hail
D. Freezing rain

A. Sea of Japan 8135. A ringed shaped reef


B. Sea of Okhotsk A. fringing reef
C. South China Sea B. barrier reef
D. Tasman Sea C. atoll
E. Yellow Sea D. archipelago

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 880

8136. What should you wear when going to 8141. These containers have the same volume
the ocean of beads which are representing soil par-
ticles. What is the relative porosity and
A. Googles
permeability of each?
B. Closed toe shoes
C. Sweater
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8137. Marine Copernicus data format is
A. .cnv
A. The container on the left has the higher
B. .xlx permeability and porosity
C. .nc B. The container on the right has the
D. .txt higher permeability and porosity
C. The container on the left has the higher
8138. The transition zone between the shelf permeability, but they both have the same
and the deep seafloor is: porosity
A. the littoral zone D. The container on the right has the
B. the continental slope and rise higher permeability, but they both have
the same porosity
C. the abyssal plain
D. the mid-ocean ridge 8142. Deep ocean currents are caused by dif-
ferences in density of the water. Which
8139. How can DO (dissolved oxygen) levels statement accurately describes the rela-
be increased? Make sure all parts of your tionships between salinity, temperature,
answer choice are correct. and density of ocean water?
A. wind, cold water, plants doing photo- A. Cold water, holding less salt, sinks to-
synthesis wards the bottom of the ocean.
B. cold water, respiration, food
B. Warm water, holding more salt, sinks
C. humans pumping chemicals, extra nu- towards the bottom of the ocean.
trients, plants
C. Warm water, holding less salt, rises to-
D. warm water, fish, people ward the surface of the ocean.

8140. Why does the amount of dissolved oxy- D. Warm water, holding more salt, rises
gen increase during the day? towards the surface of the ocean.

A. The sunlight allows photosynthesis to 8143. Which of these about plankton is false?
occur
A. They can swim against the ocean cur-
B. The warmer temperatures allow the rents.
water to hold more oxygen
B. They come in many different species.
C. The fish are more active so they are
respiring more C. They require sunlight.
D. none of above D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 881

8144. An area wherein water, sediments and 8149. Which ocean zone is closest to the sur-
dissolved materials drain into a common face?
outlet is called a/an

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A. dark zone
A. watershed B. trenches
B. divide C. sunlit zone
C. riparian zone D. abyss
D. flood plain E. twilight zone
8145. At an ocean depth of about 175m, what 8150. What heats the Earth’s oceans?
color would a white board appear?
A. People
A. white B. Boats
B. blue C. a heater
C. green D. sun
D. violet
8151. What do we call the bottom of a trans-
8146. What percentage of Earth’s water is verse wave?
fresh?
A. 97%
B. 3%
C. 65%
D. 25%

8147. Which type of ocean movement is a


repeated up and down motion, generally A. crest
caused by wind?
B. trough
A. Current C. wavelength
B. Wave D. amplitude
C. Tide
8152. The level of the ocean’s surfaces is
D. none of above
A. salinity
8148. What makes the hot tub of despair so B. sea level
disparaging?
C. density
A. The methane and high salt content is
D. mass
deadly to most organisms
B. It is way to hot for most organisms 8153. Which of the following is found at a de-
positional shore?
C. It is under way too much pressure for
most organisms A. deltas
D. It is way too cold for most organisms B. headlands

E. Most organisms drown when they fall C. sea caves


into the hot tub of despair D. wave-cut cliffs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 882

8154. The number of waves produced in a B. Satellites depict ocean productivity in


given amount of time is color.
A. Wave Speed C. Satellites can spot marine debris and
oil spills.
B. Wave Frequency
D. All the above
C. Breaker
D. Tsunami 8159. The deep seafloor beyond the continen-
tal margin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8155. A water sampling bottle used for sub- A. continental shelf
surface measurements at discrete depths
to analyze chemically. B. passive margin
A. Nansen Bottle C. active margin

B. Niskin Bottle D. ocean basin

C. Reversible Thermometer 8160. Which of these statements it true about


reading a Bathymetric map? (Select all
D. Sin
that apply)
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder
A. Colors of the map indicate depth of
8156. Which of the following is an example of that area
an HOV? B. Contour lines closer together indicate
A. Alvin steeper features

B. Jason C. Contour lines closer together indicate


flatter features
C. Hercules
D. A profile grid is another way to repre-
D. George sent the depth and distance from the map
8157. These organisms make their own food. 8161. What is the pH of the ocean
A. autotrophs A. 0%
B. heterotrophs B. 8.1%
C. omnivores C. 2.3%
D. carnivores D. 3.3%

8158. How do satellites help marine scien- 8162. What is the MOST important factor
tists? affecting the movement of water in an
ocean?
A. currents
B. molecules
C. tides
D. waves

8163. Select the answer choice that best de-


A. Satellites reveal how animals ‘see’ scribes the atmospheric layer where ozone
their own sea habitats. is considered “good”.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 883

A. Thermosphere 8169. A depth equal to 1 Atmosphere of pres-


B. Mesosphere sure is equal to how many meters?

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C. Stratosphere A. 10
D. Troposphere B. 20
C. 30
8164. Scientists did not believe Wegner’s the-
ory because Continental Drift is a slow pro- D. 40
cess and there is no explanation for
8170. What is salinity?
A. how to measure the continents.
A. the amount of matter in a specific vol-
B. how the continents move. ume
C. Wegener being a silly man. B. the degree of how hot or cold some-
D. Antarctica having fern fossils. thing is
8165. Equatorial currents will always be C. the landforms of the continent or the
oceans
A. warm
D. how much salt is dissolved in a liquid
B. cold
8171. The layer or depth of the ocean where
8166. Flood Tide=
temperature changes drastically is called
A. incoming/rising tide (transition from
low tide to high tide) A. Temperature inversion

B. outgoing/dropping tide. B. Thermocline


C. incoming/rise tide of gravitational C. Abyssal plain
force. D. Seamont
D. Period of high to low tides.
8172. Herbivores consume
8167. The Coriolis effect arises primarily from A. Plants and meat
the
B. meat ONLY
A. curvature of Earth’s surface.
C. plants ONLY
B. rotation of Earth around its axis
D. dead organisms
C. rotation of Earth around the sun.
D. effect of winds high in the atmosphere 8173. A hydrometer measures
E. motion of the oceans in their basins A. Water Clarity
B. Water Temperature
8168. Which continents border the Atlantic
Ocean? C. Water Pressure
A. North America, South American, Asia, D. Water Density
Australia
8174. When did the Earth’s crust solidify?
B. Asia, Australia, Africa
A. 5 of
C. North America, South America, Eu-
rope, Africa B. 10 of

D. South American, Europe, Asia, Aus- C. 4.5 of


trailia D. 5.5 of

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 884

8175. Ocean water is denser than fresh water 8180. In vent ecosystems there are two types
at the same temperature because of of bacteria, one is located inside of organ-
A. pressure isms and the other is called?
A. Symbiotic Bacteria
B. the Coriolis effect
B. Free-living bacteria
C. upwelling
C. and Coli
D. salinity
D. Higgs Boson

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8176. A is a sequence of steps used to iden-
tify and unknown species. 8181. Useful things from nature such as air,
water, minerals, trees, forest, natural gas,
A. Binomial n=Nomenclature
coal and petroleum.
B. Fossil
A. Utilities
C. Dichotomous Key
B. Crops
D. Species Classification
C. Revenue
8177. Water freezes at what temperature? D. Natural Resources

8182. Compound found in ocean water that ef-


fects salinity

A. 0o F
B. 100 C A. sodium chloride
C. 32o C B. sodium
D. 0o C C. chlorine
8178. The Euphotic Zone is where enough sun- D. density
light reaches into the ocean to support
8183. Carries Alvin is a modern Ocean ves-
A. Evolution sel.
B. Hydrofusion A. recon
C. Hibernation B. diving
D. Photosynthesis C. fishing

8179. Earthquakes Happen when sudden D. research


movements along faults and plate bound-
8184. What is the thinnest of the Earth’s lay-
aries happen
ers? Hint (think about the model we made
A. True at the beginning of the semester)
B. decisions A. Mantle

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 885

B. Inner Core 8190. What letter best points out the loca-
C. Crust tion where the spill volume was 15, 000
gallons of oil due to an oil barge running

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D. Outer Core aground?
8185. A greenhouse gas which is present in
very high quantity is
A. propane
B. ethane
C. Ill
D. Methane A. Letter A
8186. Where is the evidence of climate change B. Letter B
(in the form of increasing temperatures) C. Letter C
most easily seen?
D. Letter D
A. Amazon
E. Letter E
B. Sahara
8191. This type of sediment precipitates from
C. Antarctica
water
D. Greenland
A. terrigenous
8187. The shallow edges of the lake where B. biogenous
light reaches the bottom are part of the
C. hydrogenous
zone
D. cosmogenous
A. littoral
B. riparian 8192. How many ocean zones are there?
C. limnetic A. 4
D. benthic B. 5

8188. What´s the average Salinity of ocean C. 3


water? D. We have to know 4, but there is actu-
A. 34% ally 5.

B. 44% 8193. The oceanographer


C. 35% A. studies the plants
D. 23% B. studies the ocean

8189. Wind moving from the north along 8194. What are the primary sources for the
the California coast causes water moving vast quantities of dissolved substances in
along the coast to: the ocean?
A. move south. A. Chemical weathering of rocks
B. move toward shore (east). B. Biogenic reactions
C. move away from shore (west). C. Ocean acidification
D. move north. D. Wave action

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 886

8195. What is the tidal frequency shown on 8199. The combined ideas of continental drift
the Georgia coast? and seafloor spreading led to which over-
riding concept?
A. Convection currents
B. Plate tectonics
C. Subduction zones
D. Conduction currents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8200. Sessile annelida form
A. Diurnal A. Wanderings
B. Mixed B. Sedentary
C. Semidiurnal
8201. This crumbly coal has the lowest carbon
D. none of above content

8196. Which of the following causes water A. lignite


from deep currents to rise to the surface B. anthracite
to replace warm currents?
C. bituminous
A. evaporation
D. sub-bituminous
B. freezing of the surface of the water
8202. Who is credited with being the first Eu-
C. upwelling
ropean to see the Pacific Ocean?
D. squeezing solids out of the ice down
A. Ferdinand Magellan
into the water below
B. Juan Sebastian del Cano
8197. The most famous oceanic current is the C. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
A. The Jet Stream D. James Cook
B. The pacific coast stream
8203. What do we call energy from the sun?
C. The Gulf Stream
A. radiant
D. The Arctic Byway
B. ultraviolet
8198. The ancient remains of which of the fol- C. heat
lowing, buried before they could decom-
pose, are the source of today’s petroleum D. none of the above
deposits?
8204. We know there is a solid inner core be-
A. Land based plants cause of
B. Dinosaurs A. s waves
C. Peat coal B. p waves
D. Microscopic organisms C. density stratification
E. Fish and amphibians D. accretion

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 887

8205. What process of the water cycle would


allow your hair to dry outside after swim-
ming?

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A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
A. sunlight (epipelagic zone)
D. collection B. twilight (mesopelagic)
8206. What percent of the Earth’s surface is C. midnight (bathypelagic)
covered with ocean? D. none of above
A. 45% 8211. A vertical net “curtain” is used to sur-
B. 57% round a school of fish and then “draw-
strings” are used to close the bottom of
C. 71%
the net and capture the fish.
D. 82%
A. Cast Net
8207. Deep ocean trenches form at the follow- B. Dip Net
ing site: C. Otter Trawl Net
A. subduction zone (convergent plate D. Plankton Net
boundary)
E. Purse His Net
B. divergent plate movement
8212. What is the area where freshwater and
C. slip-strike faults saltwater meet?
D. seamounts A. an estuary

8208. Which one of the following is cold cur- B. a tributary


rent? C. a subduction zone
A. Brazilian current D. a dead zone
B. Gulf stream 8213. How does a water particle move as a
C. Japan current wave passes?
A. Vertical
D. Falkland current
B. Horizontal
8209. Oceans have different animals than C. Circular
lakes because
D. Diagonal
A. Oceans have salty water
8214. What major forces contribute to an
B. Oceans have sand ocean gyre?
C. Oceans have waves A. wind patterns
D. Oceans are larger B. earths rotation
8210. Which zone is completely dark and near C. deep sea current
freezing in temperature? D. position of earths landmasses

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 888

8215. A air mass forms over the deserts C. Pacific Ocean


of northern Mexico and in the southwest-
D. Southern
ern United States. It brings clear, dry,
and very hot weather to the United States 8219. the movement of sediment along a
druing the summer as it moves northeast- shoreline resulting from a longshore cur-
ward. rent and also from the swash and back-
A. Continental tropical wash on a beach face.
B. maritime polar A. longshore current

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. continental polar B. sediment
D. maritime tropical
C. longshore transport
8216. how is precipitation related to sea salin- D. littoral drift
ity
E. swell
A. directly proportional
B. inversely proportional 8220. Which letter would you find at 15oS,
C. no relation 60oW?
D. exponential relation

8217. How many main gyres does the world


have?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7 A. A
E. What’s a gyre? B. C
8218. This ocean borders the North and South C. L
America on the West, and Europe and
Africa to the East. D. H

8221. Eutrophication is very detrimental to


the development of coral because it in-
creases
A. The amount of nutrients in the wa-
ter, hence providing the conditions for the
overgrowth of algae
B. The temperature of the water, which
kills the corals
C. The temperature of the water, which
kills the zooxanthellae
A. Indian Ocean D. The salinity of the water, which kills
B. Atlantic Ocean the corals

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 889

8222. In what way are waves such as those A. Cumulus


that occur on the ocean surface different
B. Stratus
from a radio wave?

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A. They transfer energy from on location C. Altostratus
to another. D. Cloudy
B. They must have a medium through
which to travel. 8227. The two different states of the Inter-
tidal Zone include:
C. Their wavelength is determined by
their wave period. A. Low tide and the splash zone
D. Their wave amplitude can change from B. Low tide and medium tide
one value to another.
C. Low tide and high tide
8223. In 1492, Columbus sailed to what island D. High tide and the splash zone
chain?
A. Florida Keys 8228. Who is credited with inventing the com-
B. Seychelles pass?

C. Bahamas A. Africans
D. Philippines B. Chinese

8224. a tide is characterized by a large C. Romans


tidal range & occurs during a full moon or D. Greeks
a new moon.
A. Neap tide 8229. Which type of tide is shown here
B. High tide
C. Spring tide
D. Low tide

8225. Oceanographers usually classify coasts


by
A. Flood Tide
A. the type of sand found on the beach.
B. Neap Tide
B. the physical processes shaping the
coasts. C. Ebb Tide
C. the direction the coast faces. D. Spring Tide
D. the latitude in which the coast resides.
8230. What is another factor that can de-
8226. It appear as gray or bluish-gray sheets crease the salinity of ocean water?
of cloud that partially or totally cover the
A. The freezing of ocean water
sky at mid-levels. Even though they cover
the sky, you can typically still see the sun B. The evaporation of ocean water
as a dimly lit disk behind them, but not
C. Precipitation falling into the ocean
enough light shines through to cast shad-
ows on the ground. D. Aquifers recharging with runoff.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 890

8231. What is it called when a moon shows C. There is more water than sand
thesame face toward it’s home planet?
D. Sand is denser than water

8234. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Cur-


rent modify the climate of northwestern
Europe by making the climate
A. warmer and drier

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. warmer and more humid
A. force linking C. cooler and drier
B. phase matching D. cooler and more humid
C. tidal locking
8235. The largest constituent in sea water is
D. face clamping
A. Potassium
8232. The picture shows the ocean floor topog-
raphy. What is the ocean feature at point B. Magnesium
Y? C. Sodium
D. Chlorine

8236. Trenches form at sites where


A. one plate descends beneath another
B. erosion cuts into the continental shelf
C. two plates diverge under the sea

A. continental slope D. undersea volcanoes collapse


B. midocean ridge 8237. The study of how the ocean, atmo-
C. seamount sphere, and land have interacted in the
D. trench past to produce changes in ocean chem-
istry, circulation, biology, and climate is
8233. A tiny piece of sand is very light but called
sinks in water. This is because A. biogeochemistry
B. climatology
C. historical oceanography
D. paleoceanography

8238. Named for its location on Earth


A. Arctic
B. Atlantic
A. Sand is a solid C. Southern
B. Sand is less dense than water D. Indian

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 891

8239. What pole is the Falkland current com- C. to continuously move water
ing from? D. to deposit sediment along the shore-

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line

8244. A dependent (responding) variable can


best be described as
A. A variable that is kept constant in an
experiment
A. North Pole B. a bias the researcher has that will be
B. South Pole tested
C. The controlling factors that should be
8240. Name the feature the same for all samples tested.
A. Continental Slope D. A variable that changes during the
B. Continental Shelf course of an experiment.
C. Trench
8245. The upper part of the ocean into which
D. Guyre sunlight penetrates
8241. The process by which the ocean floor A. photic zone
sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and B. abyssal zone
back into the mantle is known as
C. pelagic zone
D. benthos

8246. The process where animals create their


own energy from the dissolved minerals in
the sea
A. eutrophication
A. convection.
B. chemosynthesis
B. continental drift.
C. chemotherapy
C. subduction.
D. satellite imaging
D. conduction.
8242. Spring tides occur when the Earth, the 8247. What is the area where two tectonic
Sun and the Moon are plates meet called?

A. at right angles A. collision


B. at left angles B. mid-ocean ridge
C. in perigee C. a boundry
D. directly in line D. a rift zone

8243. What is the function of barrier islands? 8248. Corals seem to grow best in
A. to change shape with the currents A. cool, clear and calm waters
B. to protect the mainland from the ef- B. warm, shallow salt water in high wave
fects of waves energy areas

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 892

C. warm, clear, nutrient rich waters of 8254. What the first European to discover the
the ocean New World (North America)?
D. clear, clean fresh waters of the tropics A. They grew up
B. Columbus
8249. The highest point of a wave is called
the: C. Cook
A. Wavelength D. Cabot

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Crest 8255. Which term describes the average
C. Trough length of time an atom of an element
spends in the ocean?
D. Frequency
A. longevity
8250. The river is said to be a gaining stream. B. durability time
This means
C. saturation time
A. it has a lot of tributaries
D. residence time
B. it feeds directly from headwaters
C. the water table is shallower than the 8256. Upwelling attracts what to the area?
riverbed A. Warm air
D. the water table is deeper than the B. Hurricanes
riverbed C. Fish
8251. What company built the Titanic? D. Winds
A. Blue Star Line 8257. Name means “ pore bearing”
B. White Star Line A. Cnidarians
C. Olympic B. Annelids
D. United C. Porifera

8252. It is used to determine atmospheric pres- D. Mollusca


sure.
8258. High tide occurs two times a(n)
A. Barometer
A. hour
B. Aneroid Barometer
B. month
C. Mercurial Barometer
C. day
D. Thermometer
D. year
8253. Valleys cut deep into the ocean floor 8259. How does water’s high heat capacity
A. abyssal plain help keep shorelines warmer or colder
than they should be?
B. trench
A. the shorelines become warmer be-
C. seamounts
cause of the sun, but it is impossible to
D. mid-ocean ridges heat water at all

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 893

B. water heats up the land because it 8264. Whichis not one of the five major gyres?
takes water longer to heat up with a high
A. North Atlantic
heat capacity

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B. North Pacific
C. high heat capacity means water heats
up very much; that affects the shore’s C. South Pacific
temperature
D. South Australian
D. when water freezes, the heat that was
held in the water transfers to the shore- 8265. As it pertains to the arctic region, what
lines did Fridtjof Nansen discovered that

8260. The lowest point on a transverse wave A. Antarctica is covered by glacial ice and
is the snow

A. crest B. the arctic region is not a continent


B. trough C. salinity of the world’s oceans varies
dramatically with changes in latitude
C. resting position
D. Iceland is a surface expression of the
D. peak
Mid Atlantic Ridge
8261. The most abundant salt in sea water is
8266. What type of tide occurs when seawa-
ter reaches the lowest level to which it reg-
A. NaCl ularly drops?
B. NH4F
A. High tide
C. MgCO3
B. Low tide
D. Class
C. Spring tide
8262. Which of the following causes the D. Neap tide
change in seasons on Earth?
A. The tilting of the Earth on its axis and 8267. How does salinity of ocean water
the Sunrevolving around the Earth change with depth
B. The spinning of theEarth on its axis and A. it decreases
the Earth revolving around the Sun B. it increases
C. The tilting of theEarth on its axis and
C. it gets freezing
the Earth revolving around the Sun
D. it evaporates
D. The Earth revolvingaround the Sun and
the Moon revolving around the Earth
8268. What is a flowing stream within the
8263. How many sides are found on a icosahe- ocean that helps moderate earth’s climate
dron? called?

A. 11 A. a wave
B. 12 B. a slope
C. 20 C. a current
D. 28 D. a river

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 894

8269. Seaweed is which Kingdom of Life? C. Rare-earth elements


A. Plant D. Sand and gravel
B. Fungus E. Manganese nodules and crusts
C. Protista 8275. Why does sound travel faster in water
D. Bacteria than in air?
A. Water is more dense than air.
8270. An area that experiences semidiurnal

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tides will have B. Water is less dense than air.
A. two high tides and two low tides of C. Water is usually a lower temperature
nearly equal height daily than air.
B. two unequal low and high tides daily D. Water is usually a higher temperature
than air.
8271. What technology was crucial for ac-
curate mapping and exploration of the 8276. The zone of rapid temperature change in
oceans during the Challenger Expedition? ocean water is called
A. to dream A. area of upwelling
B. b) Submersibles B. intertidal zone
C. c) Satellite imagery C. the thermocline
D. d) Scuba diving D. deep currents

8272. What is the boiling temperature of wa- 8277. Which would be an effect of construc-
ter? tive waves?
A. 0 A. build long distance waves
B. 100 B. build large sandcastles
C. 500 C. build large waves
D. 110 D. build beaches

8273. Marked by a rapid temperature change 8278. Cold air is characterised by?
with depth; marks the boundary change A. Heavy air, falls and exerts more pres-
between the surface zone and the deep sure
zone; 300-800m below sea level. B. Light expanding air, less pressure
A. Surface Zone
8279. The largest animal in the sea is the
B. Thermocline Zone
A. white shark
C. Deep Zone
B. orca
D. none of above
C. blue whale
8274. Which of the following resources found D. none of above
in ocean sediments has the greatest eco-
nomic value? 8280. Seawater is than fresh water.
A. Petroleum A. denser
B. Gas hydrates B. less dense

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 895

8281. Which of the following is a biogenous C. tide


sediment? D. wave

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A. Evaporites
8287. What is the source of energy for produc-
B. Manganese nodule ers to make food?
C. Phosphates A. water
D. Stromatolites B. sun
8282. When the density of ocean water in- C. soil
creases and it sinks toward the bottom of D. none of above
the ocean, what does this cause?
8288. The highest point on a summer beach
A. deep currents profile is:
B. mid-ocean ridge A. the berm.
C. gravitational pull B. the backshore.
D. gulf stream current C. the foreshore.

8283. What 2 moon phases cause neap tides? D. the shore face.

A. full moon and new moon 8289. At which ocean feature would the great-
est amount of water pressure be exerted?
B. first quarter and full moon
A. Continental shelf
C. first quarter and third quarter
B. Continental slope
D. new moon and third quarter
C. Abyssal plain
8284. The first marine laboratory established D. Trench
in the U.S. was:
8290. Most of the minerals found in the sand
A. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods
of continental beaches are supplied by
Hole, Massachusetts.
A. erosion of local coastal cliffs.
B. Smithsonian Institution in Washington
B. currents from the deep ocean floor.
C. Hopkins Marine Station in California
C. glacial processes.
D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography in
California. D. rivers and streams.
8291. Which part of the ocean floor is located
8285. What effect does a high rate of evapo-
at F?
ration have on the ocean
A. Increased Salinity
B. Decreased Salinity
C. Lower Temperature
D. Higher Temperature A. continental shelf
8286. A large stream of water that moves B. seamounts
through the ocean is called a C. volcanic island
A. longshore drift D. abyssal plain
B. current E. mid ocean ridge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 896

8292. Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, 8297. What are Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?
you would expect to find heat flow at
A. Greenhouse gases
the mid-ocean ridge and heat flow at
subduction zones when compared to other B. Ozone depleting gases
parts of the crust. C. UV blocking gases
A. increased; decreased D. Volcanic gases
B. decreased; increased
8298. High tides occur:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. increased; increased
A. At either the North Pole or South Pole,
D. decreased; decreased depending on where the moon is.
8293. Which tide results in the LARGEST move- B. On the side of the earth facing away
ment of water? from the moon only
A. Spring Tide C. On the side of earth facing the moon
only
B. Neap Tide
D. On the side of earth facing the moon
C. Rip TIde
and also the opposite side.
D. Ebb Tide
8299. Why isn’t rain water salty?
8294. Which is the most common way that
A. Salt evaporates.
salinity is measured?
B. Water evaporates, salt does not.
A. Evaporation
C. Water and salt evaporate.
B. Chemical Analysis
D. Salt sticks to clouds.
C. Salinometer-electrical conductivity
D. none of above 8300. is a gentle sloping area that con-
nects the steep walls of the continental
8295. Who is credited with inventing the mag- slope to the bottom of the ocean floor.
netic compass?
A. Continental Shelf
A. Arabs
B. Continental Slope
B. Chinese
C. Continental Edge
C. Romans
D. Continental Rise
D. Greeks
8301. From the Global Fisheries BeautifullyIl-
8296. This vessel was used as Jacques lustrated & Mapped report when reporting
Cousteaus expedition early on in his ca- the results of aquatic animal catches. In
reer. the case of fish Reported into two groups:
A. Alvin A. Demersal fish ��� Benthic fish
B. Kingfisher B. Benthic fish ��� Photic fish
C. Challenger C. Demersal fish ��� Pelagic fish
D. Trieste D. Benthic fish ��� Pelagic fish

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 897

8302. About how old is the oldest oceanic 8307. At a boundary two plates slide hor-
crust? izontally past each other.

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A. 20 million years old
B. 180 million years old
C. 300 million years old
D. 3 billion years old
A. Divergent
8303. The speed is mostly fast
B. Convergent
A. Surface Current
C. Transform
B. Deep Current
D. none of above
8304. What is this landform?
8308. can be caused when huge amounts
of water are displaced by an earthquake,
landslide, volcanic eruption, or comet or
meteorite strike.
A. tsunamis
B. thunderstorms
C. tides
A. Spit D. currents
B. Sand dune
8309. What are the two types of crust
C. Stack
A. continental and oceanic
D. Stump
B. ocean and upper
8305. The rotation of the earth makes wind: C. lower and upper
A. Remain Still D. pizza and subway
B. Curve
8310. Which pelagic deposits are most likely
C. Move Left to be found above the carbonate compen-
D. All of the above sation depth (CCD)?
A. Silica pelagic deposits
8306. What is this animal’s name?
B. Calcareous ooze pelagic deposits
C. Sulfide pelagic deposits
D. Iron oxide pelagic deposits

8311. How many degrees of latitude are be-


tween the equator and the North Pole?
A. Shark A. 0◦
B. Narwhal B. 23.5◦
C. Dolphin C. 90◦
D. none of above D. 180◦

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 898

8312. How fast the wave is moving through a 8317. Which of the following is true
medium A. Cold salt water is less dense than
A. wave speed warm salt water
B. wavelength B. Cold salt water is less dense than cold
fresh water
C. amplitude
C. Warm salt water is less dense than
D. frequency
cold fresh water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8313. Which source of freshwater is not easily D. Warm salt water is less dense than
available for human use? cold salt water
A. oceans 8318. What is responsible for cloud forma-
B. freshwater lakes tion?
C. rivers A. condensation
D. icecaps/glaciers B. precipitation
C. transpiration
8314. Penguins can fly.
D. evaporation

8319. MUST all the waves of a given wave


train be the same size?

A. True A. Yes
B. False B. No
C. Maybe
8315. The zone of transition between a conti-
nent and the adjacent ocean basin floor D. Not Sure
A. Continental Drift 8320. Choose the correct statement below:
B. Continental Shelf A. Water holds less heat than air.
C. Continental Margin B. Water holds more heat than air.
D. none of above C. Water holds the same amount of heat
as air.
8316. What is the chemical symbol of water?
D. none of above
A. H2O
8321. What is the correlation between water
B. Ill
temperature and dissolved gases?
C. O2 A. Warmer water holds more dissolved
D. Na gases.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 899

B. Colder water holds more dissolved A. Sunlight zone


gases.
B. Twilight zone

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C. Cold water and warm water hold dis-
C. Midnight zone
solved gases at the same rate.
D. none of above D. Deep zone

8322. Ocean currents are caused by 8327. Which land feature is formed from ero-
A. waves sion by waves?
B. wind A. a sandbar
C. convection B. a sea cliff
D. upwelling
8328. Why are many fishing boats found near
8323. Zone where there is a sharp differ- ocean upwellings?
ence in temperature between surface and
A. There is less vegetation there.
deeper ocean water.
B. Upwellings are found in more shallow
A. Deep Zone
waters, so boats do not need deep anchor-
B. Surface Zone age.
C. Thermocline C. The water is less turbulent there.
D. Epipelagic
D. Many marine species gather there to
8324. True or False? Tornado winds can be eat the nutrients brought to the surface.
stronger and more powerful than hurri-
cane winds. 8329. To be considered an El Nino event, the
period of warm water must last at least
A. True
B. False A. 2 months
B. 5 months
8325. From September 1519 to March 1521,
this scientist left Spain and was given C. 7 months
credit for successfully circumnavigating D. 13 months
the globe, despite being killed on the jour-
ney. Who is this? 8330. Warm water is dense and than
A. Charles Darwin cold water
B. Leif Erikson
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Ferdinand Magellan
8326. MOST sealife lives in the:

A. more; heavier
B. more; lighter
C. less; heavier
D. less; lighter

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 900

8331. The distance from crest to trough is A. Land breeze-daytime


called: B. Land breeze-nighttime
A. wave height C. Sea breeze-daytime
B. wave length D. Sea breeze-nighttime
C. trough 8335. According to the conveyor belt model of
D. crest ocean circulation, what happens when wa-
ter reaches the poles?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8332. The zone of the ocean is only 2% of
A. the salinity increases
the ocean’s volume.
B. the salinity decreases
A. Surface
C. the density of the water decreases
B. Deep
D. the temperature of the water in-
C. Tidepools creases
D. none of above
8336. The ocean covers percent of the
8333. What is the name of the starred feature Earth.
on this map? A. 65.5
B. 70.8
C. 85.5
D. 98.1
8337. Most marine photosynthesis is per-
formed by this form of plankton.
A. Holoplankton
B. Meroplankton
C. Picoplankton
D. none of above
A. Massachusetts 8338. According to the Krumbein Phi Scale, the
B. Vermont diameter of this clast of rock is 4 to 64
mm.
C. New Hampshire
A. Cobble
D. Maine
B. Pebble
8334. What kind of breeze is this what time C. Granule
of day/night would it form? D. Silt
E. Clay
8339. Circle all correct answers. Oceans-
A. are large bodies of salt water
B. are large bodies of fresh water
C. cover about 71% of Earth’s surface
D. contain about 50% of Earth’s water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 901

8340. Which ocean is the smallest ocean in the 8345. How many total tides happen in a day?
world? A. 4

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A. Arctic Ocean. B. 2
B. Atlantic Ocean. C. 6
C. Indian Ocean. D. 8
D. Pacific Ocean. 8346. The age of the seafloor as it moves from
E. Southern Ocean. spreading centers is evidence for (a) .
A. a Plate Tectonics
8341. The oceans most influence global climate B. Theory of Pangea
by
C. Continental Drift
A. releasing heat to the atmosphere
D. none of above
B. cooling bordering land masses
8347. Which of the following units is used to
C. providing continuous onshore winds measure frequency?
D. removing water vapor from the atmo- A. Newton
sphere
B. Pascal
8342. Ocean currents flow in the Northern C. Hertz (Hz)
Hemisphere. (choose all that apply) D. Joule
A. clockwise 8348. which of these characteristics will pro-
B. right duce the most dense water?
C. counter clockwise A. high salinity, high temperature

D. left B. high salinity, low temperature


C. low salinity, high temperature
8343. NOAA stands for D. low salinity, low temperature
A. National Oceanic Atmospheric Associ-
8349. Ocean Acidification is caused by in-
ation
creased CO2 emissions on land, which is
B. National Ocean Association Adminis- then absorbed by the ocean. This causes
tration coral bleaching and dissolves the shells of
C. National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin- marine invertebrates.
istration A. True
D. none of above B. False
C. More research is required
8344. Westerlies move
D. none of above
A. north to south
8350. What were the first multicellular organ-
B. south to north isms?
C. east to west A. Sea Stars
D. west to east B. Manta Rice

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 902

C. Sea Sponges 8356. Algae that undergo photosynthesis


D. Jellyfish A. Benthos
8351. What causes the tides to change? B. Phytoplankton
A. rotation of the Earth C. Zooplankton
B. tilt of Earth D. none of above
C. gravitational pull from the moon
8357. Which sample of water has the highest

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. ocean currents density?
8352. 98% of life is found in the benthic divi-
sion of marine life.
A. True
B. False
8353. Choose the correct option
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. They all have the same density

8358. Which of the following are important


A. Arctic Ocean properties of water, enabled by the struc-
B. Atlantic Ocean ture of hydrogen bonding?
C. Indian Ocean A. Universal Solvent
D. Pacific Ocean B. High Heat of Vaporization
E. Southern Ocean C. Surface Tension
8354. “The insect in Container B has six ap- D. Ice Floats in Liquid Water
pendages” is an example of what type of
scientific observation? 8359. First Aluminum Submarine (1968) to
A. quantitative help pick up objects from the seafloor

B. qualitative A. Alvin
C. inference B. Flip
D. hypothesis C. Aluminaut

8355. Any type of moisture that falls to the D. Kingfisher


Earth.
8360. Submarines are used in many ways to
A. evaporation study unknown things and places in the
B. precipitation ocean.
C. condensation A. true
D. transpiration B. false

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 903

8361. What answer choice best describes oil C. Australia has drought and fires, but
energy? Peru has heavy rain and floods.
D. Australia has heavy rain and floods,

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A. energy in the form of electromagnetic
waves but Peru is dry and causing fires.
B. hot water and steam that can be used 8366. can explore mid-ocean ridges and vent
to heat homes and businesses and gener- fluid
ate electricity cleanly and efficiently A. ROV
C. uses falling water from a dam to turn B. AUV
the turbine of a generator, which then pro-
duces electricity C. Both ROV and AUV
D. none of above
D. utilized for such products as plastics
and industrial chemicals 8367. Identify the current labelled K in the fig-
ure.
8362. The U.S. used this vessel for the first
military submarine attack against British
ships in the Revolutionary War.
A. Alvin
B. Nautilus
C. Trieste A. Benguela Current
D. Turtle B. Brazil Current
8363. What do you call a steep incline of the C. California Current
ocean floor leading down from the edge of D. Canary Current
the continental shelf?
8368. What are plastics made of?
A. continental slope
A. Wood
B. trench
B. Petroleum and Natural Gas
C. deep ocean basin C. Limestone
D. continental rise D. Metal
8364. Which of these is not a species of turtle? 8369. What term describes the longest under-
A. Loggerhead water mountain range?
B. Olive Ridley A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Trench
C. Green Shell
C. Seamount
D. Hawksbill
D. Volcanic Island
8365. If talking about El Niño Students will
think of 8370. Underwater mountains are called
A. plates
A. Ronaldo Ronaldinho Despacito
B. mid-ocean ridges
B. Climate changes specific to the Pacific C. trenches
Ocean D. mountains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 904

8371. What type of tides would this arrange- 8375. Where would a primary producer be lo-
ment of earth-moon-sun create? cated in a food chain?
A. first step
B. last step
C. middle step
D. every step
8376. Which of the following situations are

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. neap tide likely to maintain OR decrease the salinity
of ocean water?
B. spring tide
A. Increased evaporation
C. new moon tide
B. Increased precipitation
D. full moon tide
C. Decreased evaporation
Explanation:A spring tide occurs when the
Earth, Moon, and Sun are in a straight line, D. Decreased precipitation
which is the arrangement described in the
8377. Which of the following local examples
question. This alignment results in the
properly demonstrates that “Water Re-
combined gravitational pull of the Moon
sists Temperature Change”
and Sun, causing higher than usual tides.
Therefore, the correct answer is ‘spring A. Our local lakes are still cold in Septem-
tide’. ber
B. Our local lakes are still cold in May
8372. What kind of molecule is water?
8378. Where is the neritic zone?
A. Ionic
A. Bottom of the ocean
B. Polar Covalent
B. Near the shore
C. Nonpolar Covalent
C. Open ocean area
D. Metallic D. None of the above
8373. Classify the organism:Lobster 8379. Deep Ocean Currents are caused by den-
A. Porifera sity differences. Which type of water
sinks because it is MORE DENSE?
B. Cnidarian
A. Warm
C. Mollusk B. Cold
D. Crustacean
8380. What is a seamount?
8374. The surf zone is A. Continuous underwater mountain
range
A. the region in which waves break
B. A geyser on the ocean floor
B. water less than one half wavelength in
depth C. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean
floor drops down an incline
C. where longshore current flows
D. Underwater, inactive volcanic moun-
D. all of the above tains

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 905

8381. Buffer? C. Transpolar Express


A. A group of substances that tends to re- D. Atlantic Vortex

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sist change in the ph of a solution by com-
bining with free a ions 8386. Deep-ocean currents are
B. The thin layer of light and water at the
A. non-existent
top of the world ocean
C. The mass per unit volume of the sub- B. wind-driven
stance C. density driven
D. The zone of the ocean in which temper- D. circumpolar
ature decreases rapidly with depth

8382. a relatively flat, featureless deep ocean 8387. Air moves from pressure to pres-
floor sure.

A. Continental Shelf
B. Submarine Canyon
C. Seamount
D. Abyssal Plain

8383. What does Jason study?


A. The stars A. Low, High
B. The waves B. High, Low
C. Ocean current C. Warm, Cold
D. The sea floor D. Cold, Warm
8384. What phase of the moon would be visi-
ble when the moon is at position 3? 8388. These tides give the highest high tides
& lowest low tides
A. Neap Tides
B. Spring Tides
C. Gravity
D. High Tide
A. new moon
B. first quarter 8389. An active Continental margin
C. full moon A. has frequent earthquakes
D. third quarter B. is usually near a convergent plate
8385. The largest and strongest surface cur- boundary
rent in the Atlantic Ocean. C. is exemplified by the West Coast of
A. Gulf Stream North and South America
B. Gulf of Mexico D. All of these

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 906

8390. Flat-topped seamounts. The are flat due 8395. Deep Ocean currents are primarily
to the processes of weathering and ero- caused by
sion.
A. temperature and salinity
A. Deep ocean basin
B. wind
B. Abyssal plain
C. gravity
C. Mid ocean ridge
D. Guyots D. precipitation

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Passive continental margin
8396. What is number 3
Explanation:

8391. Which ocean is the warmest?


A. Indian Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean A. Continental Margin

D. none of above B. Continental Shelf

8392. During El Niño events, which of the C. Continental Rise


following atmospheric conditions is com- D. Continental Slope
monly observed in the central and eastern
Pacific Ocean? 8397. Cold water is found near the be-
A. Strengthening of the trade winds cause this is where the sun does NOT hit
directly.
B. Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water
C. Warmer-than-average sea surface
temperatures
D. Enhanced deep convection and rainfall

8393. There are 2 types of currents:What are


they?
A. Surface Currents
B. Deep Currents A. Equator
C. Surface and Deep Currents B. Poles
D. None of the above
8398. What is a group of long ocean waves
8394. This occurs when water droplets in that travel a great distance?
clouds return to Earth’s surface.
A. Undertow
A. Runoff
B. Condensation B. Whitecaps

C. Precipitation C. Swells
D. Evaporation D. Longshore Current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 907

8399. The collapsing wave, near a shoreline, B. Sonar


is called a: C. Helicopters

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D. Radiowaves

8403. The upper part of the ocean into which


sunlight penetrates
A. Oceanic Zone
B. Photic Zone
C. Neritic Zone
A. Tidal Wave
D. none of above
B. Wave
8404. Which letter(s) represent the trough of
C. Breaker
the wave?
D. Crash

8400. The instrument showed in the figure


measures

A. A
B. B D
C. D
D. C G

8405. Name the feature at letter B

A. Continental Slope
A. Magnitude and direction of currents
B. Continental Shelf
B. Wave height
C. Seamount
C. Wave period
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. None of the above
8406. Read the selection from the section
8401. In order for there to be life there must “Geological Oceanography.” They study
be sunlight present the underwater landscape and its changes.
A. TRUE They also focus on the physical andchem-
ical properties of rocks and sediments
B. FALSE found there.What is the meaning of the
8402. Scientists use to determine the word “properties” as it is used above?
oceans depth. A. Home
A. Submarines B. Riches

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 908

C. Traits 8411. of the ocean’s weight comes from dis-


D. Needs solved salt.
A. True
8407. What type of sediment are you most
B. False
likely to find at the continental shelf?
8412. is the point at which the continental
shelf begins to angle downward.
A. Continental Shelf

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Continental Slope
C. Continental Edge
A. Lithogenous D. Continental Rise
B. Biogenous
8413. Which of the following BEST predicts the
C. Hydrogenous outcome of the experiment and explains
D. Cosmogenous why?

8408. Choose the correct option

A. The beginning amount of water in the


container would be less than the ending
A. Atlantic Ocean
amount of water in the container because
B. Arctic Ocean the water evaporated decreasing the wa-
C. Indian Ocean ter level.
D. Pacific Ocean B. The beginning amount of water in the
container would be more than the ending
8409. Which ocean zone contains hydrother- amount of water in the container because
mal vents? the process of condensation increases the
A. Deep zone (abyss) water level.
C. The beginning and ending amounts of
B. Surface zone (sunlight)
water in the container would be equal be-
C. Shallow zone (twilight) cause the water that was evaporated in-
D. Midnight zone creased the water level but then came
back as precipitation which decreased the
8410. A solution with a pH of 3.6 would be water level again.
D. The beginning and ending amounts of
A. Acid water in the container would be equal be-
B. Base cause the water that was evaporated de-
creased the water level but then came
C. Neutral back as precipitation which increased the
D. Acid and Base water level again.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 909

8414. This causes global winds to curve to the 8419. Upwelling provides for many sea or-
right in the northern hemisphere. ganisms.

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A. Coriolis Effect
B. Gravity
C. The Moon
D. Tides

8415. How do ocean surface currents circu-


late? A. Water
A. Rotating counterclockwise in the B. Nutrients
Northern Hemisphere
C. Air
B. Rotating clockwise in the southern
D. Heat
hemisphere
C. There are 2 major sites in the North- 8420. A region on Earth that enters a tidal
ern Hemisphere and 3 major sites in the bulge will experience a (a)
Southern Hemisphere. A. a high tide
D. All correct. B. low tide

8416. NAME THE OCEAN IN ORDER OF C. tsunami


LARGEST TO SMALLEST. D. heat wave
A. PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, INDIAN, ARCTIC, E. microburst
ANTARCTIC F. algal bloom
B. ATLANTIC, PACIFIC, INDIAN, ARCTIC, 8421. At the end of the lab you see some left-
ANTARCTIC over chemical that looks just like the stuff
C. PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, ARCTIC, INDIAN you were using. You should:
ANTARCTIC A. put the chemical back in the jar it came
D. none of above from.
B. sweep it into your hand and throw it
8417. At the same time the sea is drawn to
out.
the moon, another tidal bulge takes place
on other side of Earth. True or False? C. tell the teacher so you can dispose of
it properly.
A. True
D. tell your classmates that your lab part-
B. False ner is really messy.
C. Maybe
8422. What instrument do they currently use
D. I don’t know! to measure the depth of the ocean and the
features on the ocean floor?
8418. Many ecosystems can be sustained by
chemosynthesis that starts at undewater A. Weighted ropes
thermal vents and isolated cave water. B. SONAR
A. True C. Satellites
B. False D. Lazer beams

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 910

8423. The ocean is the largest ocean. 8429. Distance between points where the
wave begins to repeat itself
A. Indian
A. trough
B. Atlantic
B. amplitude
C. Pacific
C. wavelength
D. Artic
D. frequency
8424. True or FalseLa Niña causes cooler than

NARAYAN CHANGDER
normal seawater 8430. deals with such things as the tem-
perature and density of seawater at vary-
A. True ing depths; the tides, currents, and waves;
B. False the way that seawater transmits light and
sound.
8425. when a wave reaches a beach or coast- A. Physical oceanography
line, it releases a burst of energy that cre-
ates a current, runs parallel to shoreline B. Chemical oceanography

A. rip current C. Geological oceanography

B. longshore current D. Biological oceanography

8426. What are the two parts of thermohaline 8431. a life sustaining thin, gaseous envelope
as it relates to deep ocean currents? called the
A. hydrosphere
A. Temperature and Density
B. atmosphere
B. Salinity and Density
C. Biosphere
C. Density and Tension
D. Lithosphere
D. Salinity and Temperature
8432. The sun passes directly over the equator
8427. Which most likely contributes to the ro- during
tational pattern of a hurricane that devel-
ops in the Atlantic Ocean?
A. Gulf Stream
B. The Coriolis Effect
C. low relative humidity
D. high-pressure systems

8428. The marks the end of the continent


with a steep drop off.
A. submarine canyon A. The vernal equinox
B. trenches B. Leap year
C. continental slope C. The winter solstice
D. seamounts D. The summer solstice

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 911

8433. What would explain the change in the C. Self Checked Ultra Beauty Appliances
direction of air movement from daytime to D. I have no idea!
night?

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8437. I was the first European to sail to New
Zealand Hawaii, and also sailed around
the world twice. Who am I?

A. Land temperature changes more


quickly than water temperature. A. James Cook
B. Cool air rises more quickly than warm B. Ferdinand Magellan
air. C. Matthew Maury
C. Water is always cooler than land. D. Christopher Columbus
D. The sun warms the moist ocean air
more than the dry land air. 8438. A long-term effect of wave refraction is
A. to straighten a coast.
8434. This whale is a good hunter
B. to build out points of land.
A. blue whale
C. to erode and deepen bays.
B. humpback whale
D. to remove sand from the beach.
C. orca
D. none of above 8439. High and low tides are caused by:
A. Mars’ gravitation
8435. Which of the following is NOT a cate-
gory of marine organisms? B. Saturn’s gravitation

A. plankton C. moon’s gravitation


D. none of the above
B. aphotic
C. nekton 8440. Which ocean basin is the largest?
D. benthos

8436. SCUBA stands for


A. Special Cute Underwater Bright Ani-
mals
B. Self Contained Breathing apparatus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 912

A. the Atlantic 8446. Thermohaline currents are a result of


different
B. the Indian
A. temperatures
C. the Pacific
B. salinity*
D. the Arctic
C. density
8441. What is a tide of minimum range that D. All of the above
occurs during the 1st and 3rd quarters of
8447. The erosion of rocks on land contributes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the moon?
directly to:
A. Tide
A. the deepness of ocean water.
B. Tidal range
B. the density of ocean water.
C. Spring tide
C. the oxygen levels of ocean water.
D. Neap tide D. the salinity of ocean water.
8442. As a wave travels, the water passes 8448. The Equator and Prime Meridian inter-
the energy along by moving in a circle. This sect closest to
is called
A. shallow-water waves
B. current waves
C. circular orbital motion
D. deep-water waves

8443. A tide with the GREATEST difference be- A. Africa


tween high and low tide is called a
B. North America
A. spring tide C. Europe
B. neap tide D. South America
C. rip tide
8449. Which ocean is the smallest?
D. monthly tide A. Pacific Ocean
8444. A good time to go surfing is during B. Atlantic Ocean
A. the winter C. Indian OCean

B. summer D. Arctic Ocean


E. Southern Ocean
C. December
D. Halloween 8450. How does a tornado form?

8445. A current that travels along the equator


is classified as a current.
A. Cold
B. Warm

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 913

A. A levee or a dam failure, A sudden re- 8454. Which one of these structures is not re-
lease of water from an ice jam, A few min- lated to the other three?
utes or hours of heavy rain A. Island

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B. Tornadoes form when a thunderstorm B. Seamount
meets a horizontal winds at a high altitude. C. Submarine Canyon
These winds cause the warm air rising in
the thunderstorm to spin D. Guyot

C. Tornadoes form when air cools and 8455. Abyssal plain


rises, water vapor condenses, heat is re- A. long mountain range
leased and allows tornadoes to grow B. deep cut in the ocean floor
D. they begin as a group of thunder- C. large flat area deep on the ocean floor
storms and then by the equator they turn D. eroded island
into a violent low-pressure storm
8456. As you go deeper in the ocean, the en-
8451. Low point of a wave ergy circles become
A. crest
B. trough
C. Amplitude
D. wavelength
A. Larger
8452. Name feature C B. Smaller
C. The energy circles do not change
D. none of above
8457. Continental Crust is and dense.
A. Thicker; more
B. Thicker:less
A. guyot
C. Thinner:more
B. seamount
D. Thinner; less
C. abyssal plain
8458. The speed at which a wave travels.
D. continental shelf A. Amplitude
8453. What is the definition for brackish? B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
A. Describes a mixture of salt and fresh-
water D. Wave Speed

B. Describes a mixture of saltwater, 8459. Scientific study of rock layers


freshwater, and dirt and soil A. Archeology
C. Describes a mixture of soil/dirt and B. Stratigraphy
freshwater C. Paleontology
D. none of above D. Geology

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 914

8460. Which if the following are ALL sediment C. evaporation is high, fresh water mix-
stores? ing is low
A. BeachSand dunesMudflats D. evaporation is high, fresh water mix-
B. BeachSand dunesLongshore Drift ing is high
C. RiversRip currentsCliffs
8466. Which major biome is home to cacti,
D. none of above mesquite, white thorn, pack rats, small
reptiles, and coyotes?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8461. The movement of deep, cold, nutrient
rich water to the surface is A. desert
A. Salinity B. taiga
B. Ocean Current C. tundra
C. Upwelling D. grassland
D. Wave Period
8467. What is the current ocean ph?
8462. What is ocean acidification
A. about 8.1
A. Coral turns white
B. about 3.2
B. Coral turns yellow
C. Coral turns brown C. about 7

D. none of above D. about 10

8463. What are the ocean features that re- 8468. HMS stands for what?
lease hot water, minerals, and gas on the
A. His/Her majesties ship
ocean floor called?
A. Mid-Ocean Ridges B. His/Her Marauding Ship

B. Geysers C. Hi Moored Sea


C. Hydrothermal vents D. none of above
D. Hot springs
8469. Is the statement True or False? The
8464. Which among the following is a warm depletion of the ozone layer the principal
ocean current of the Pacific Ocean? cause of climate change.
A. Kuroshio current A. True
B. Humbolt current B. False
C. Labrador current
8470. What stage of the Wilson Cycle is sec-
D. Canaries current
ond and is represented by the Red Sea?
8465. The ocean will be saltier where A. Juvenile
A. evaporation is low, fresh water mixing B. Mature
is low
C. Declining
B. evaporation is low, fresh water mixing
is high D. Terminal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 915

8471. What is the name of the starred feature B. Orange


on this map? C. Green

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D. Blue

8475. What global atmospheric circulation pat-


terns exist?
A. El Niño and La Niña
B. Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells
C. Monsoons and hurricanes
D. Tornadoes and typhoons

8476. Gyres move in the Northern hemi-


sphere and in the Southern hemisphere
A. New Brunswick
A. clockwise; counterclockwise
B. Maine
B. clockwise; clockwise
C. Nova Scotia
C. counterclockwise; counterclockwise
D. New Hampshire
D. clockwise; clockwise
8472. Father of Oceanography
8477. Name means “jointed foot or leg”
A. John Harrison
A. Arthropoda
B. Fridtof Nansen
B. Crustacea
C. Ben Franklin
C. Molluska
D. Matthew Fontaine
D. Echinoderms
8473. What is a fringing reef? 8478. An instrument used to measure under-
water temperature and pressure. The in-
strument is lowered and when the temper-
ature and pressure are to be recorded, a
device called the messenger is sent down
to invert the thermometer and preserve
the measurement so it can be read later
on the ship.
A. A volcanic island A. Nansen Bottle
B. A living reef structure B. Niskin Bottle
C. Something that forms around an island C. Reversible Thermometer
in tropical areas D. Sin
D. A single continent made up of corals E. Temperature and Depth Recorder

8474. Which of the following colors will be 8479. What is the primary factor that influ-
most likely seen at 600m? ences the temperature of ocean water?
A. Red A. Air pressure

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 916

B. Ocean currents 8482. Tides are the cycle of rising and falling
ocean water that repeats automatically
C. Solar radiation
every
D. Wind direction A. 24 hours
8480. What part of the water cycle does this B. 12.5 hours
picture show? C. 25 hours
D. 6.25 hours

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8483. Neap tides occur when the Earth, the
Moon and the Sun are
A. directly in line
B. at right angles
C. at left angles
D. in perigee

A. condensation 8484. cold water heated by underwater volca-


noes will
B. precipitation
A. rise
C. evaporation
B. sink
D. none of above
C. stay at same level
8481. Why is England warmer than it should D. none of above
be for its latitude?
8485. A coral reef is
A. a rock
B. an ecosystem
C. an underground cave
D. a hydro-thermal vent

8486. Choose the correct option

A. humidity
B. prevailing winds
C. the Coriolis effect
D. The Gulf Stream current brings
warmer water and warmer air from the
south

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 917

A. Crab Pots 8490. A self contained habitat


B. SCUBA A. Conshelf

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C. CTD Rosette B. Peterson Grabbler
D. Drift Bottle C. FLIP
8487. How has the theory of plate tectonics D. Dredge
helped explain the phenomenon of conti-
8491. What carries out most of Earth’s photo-
nental drift?
synthesis?
A. Plate tectonics explains how the
A. phytoplankton
Earth’s outer shell is divided into several
plates that move and interact with each B. zooplankton
other, which in turn helps explain the phe- C. currents
nomenon of continental drift.
D. waves
B. The theory of plate tectonics is a myth
C. Plate tectonics has no relation to con- 8492. Which ocean floor feature is the result
tinental drift of divergent plate boundaries?

D. Continental drift is caused by the


Earth’s rotation

8488. the warm surface water is replaced by


cold, nutrient rich water from the deep
ocean
A. Conventional Current
B. Upwelling A. trench
C. Ocean Current B. guyot
D. Coriolis Effect C. mid-ocean ridge
8489. Scientist have inferred that gases in D. continental shelf
the Earth’s early atmosphere came from
8493. Some of the water that precipitates
clouds which rose and condensed, eventu-
does not runoff into the rivers and is ab-
ally forming early oceans. What formed
sorbed by the plants or gets evaporated.
these clouds?
It moves deep into the soil. What is this
process called?
A. Sublimation
B. Transpiration
C. Runoff
D. Infiltration
A. Photosynthesis of plants
8494. the deflection of currents away from
B. the ice age their original course as a result of Earth’s
C. volcanic outgassing rotation
D. Nuclear Fusion A. Coriolis Effect

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 918

B. Upwelling A. a trait unique to polar bears


C. Wave deflection B. a technique used for hunting
D. Density Current C. an adaptation to the environment
8495. What causes the waves? D. the issue created by light in the ocean
A. earth’s rotation
8501. This ocean stretches the longest dis-
B. the winds
tance north to south; on the East Coast of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8496. Salinity means the United States.
A. how many fish are in the water A. Pacific Ocean
B. how much salt is in the water B. Arctic Ocean

8497. How much of the Earth is covered in wa- C. Atlantic Ocean


ter? D. Indian Ocean
A. 30%
B. 50% 8502. Which of these biomes is least affected
by the changing tides?
C. 65%
A. the littoral/intertidal zone
D. 70%
B. estuaries
8498. A(n) is a substance with a pH
greater than 7. C. coral reefs
A. Base D. the open ocean
B. Acid
8503. The drilling for freshwater increases
C. Buffer along a coastal area. What is a likely con-
D. Water sequence of this action?

8499. According to your text, what was a sig- A. an intrusion of salt water into aquifers
nificant motivator for the Age of Explo- B. the loss of water resources in estuar-
ration? ies
A. crowded conditions on land C. the destruction of estuaries because
B. military expansion of an increase in sea levels
C. trade and accumulation of wealth D. a decrease in salt concentrains in inlet
D. all of these waterways

8500. Camouflage is an example of an: 8504. Ocean life group that can swim and hunt
for food.
A. plankton
B. nekton
C. benthos
D. pelagic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 919

8505. Name the ocean labeled 4? 8508. Most common mineral found in the
ocean

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A. Salt
B. Sodium
C. Chlorine
D. none of above

A. Indian Ocean 8509. This famous scientist did extensive map-


ping of Antarctica and Pacific Islands
B. Southern Ocean
A. Captain James Cook
C. Pacific Ocean
B. Lt. Charles Wilkes
D. Atlantic Ocean
C. Charles Darwin
8506. Which best describes the Gulf Stream?
D. Edward Wegner

8510. Surface currents moderate global tem-


peratures by
A. moving warm water to the equator.
B. moving warm water from the equator.
C. moving cold water from the equator.
A. an ocean current which originates in D. moving cold water to the poles.
the Gulf of Mexico and causes warm water
to travel up the east coast of the United 8511. What happens to the temperature of
States ocean water as the depth increases?
B. an ocean current which originates in
the Gulf of Mexico and causes cool water
to travel up the east coast of the United
States
C. an ocean current which originates in
the Gulf of Mexico and causes warm water
to travel down the east coast of Mexico
D. an ocean current which originates in
the Gulf of Mexico and causes cool water
to travel down the east coast of Mexico

8507. Name a type of plankton


A. holoplankton A. temperature increases

B. meroplankton B. temperature decreases


C. phytoplankton C. temperature stays the same
D. all of the above D. depends on what ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 920

8512. Invented the equipment for SCUBA. 8517. How much of Earth’s water is contained
A. Ballard in the ocean?
A. above 97%
B. cost
B. above 95%
C. Cameron
C. above 75%
D. Earle
D. above 85%
8513. The deepest part of the ocean is the:
8518. What seafloor feature is marked with

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Pelagic Zone the letter G?
B. Intertidal Zone
C. Photic Zone
D. Ocean Basin

8514. Each day, there are high tides and


A. Mid-ocean ridge
low tides
B. submarine canyon
A. 2, 2
C. abyssal plain
B. 4, 4
D. deep ocean trench
C. 2, 4
8519. The image is called a ; it is used to
D. 1, 1
take samples of the various sediment lay-
8515. SCUBA:Self Contained Underwater ers of the ocean floor.
ApparatusInvented by Jacques Cousteau
(documentarian).

A. Baking
A. core sampler
B. Talking B. dredge
C. Breathing C. bucket disks
D. Scanning D. plankton net
8516. What type of plate boundary is associ- 8520. The movement of deep, cold and
ated with seafloor spreading? nutrient-rich water to the surface is
A. Convergent A. wave train
B. Divergent B. photosynthesis
C. Transform C. upwelling
D. none of above D. tsunami

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 921

8521. An example of a benthos organism in C. False, water doesn’t have a density


the ocean would be a(n)
D. False, because salt water is denser
A. dolphin

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than freshwater
B. plankton
C. tuna 8526. Nemo and other ocean dwelling fish can-
not survive in freshwater because
D. starfish

8522. The ocean contains % of all of


Earth’s water.
A. 29.2%
B. 50.1%
C. 70.8%
D. 97.5%

8523. Identify the current labelled D in the fig- A. freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo’s
ure. cells and will result in water leaving them
causing the cells to shrink
B. freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo’s
cells and will result in water leaving them
causing the cells to shrink
C. freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo’s
A. North Equatorial Current cells and will result in water entering
B. North Pacific Current them causing the cells to swell and burst
C. Norwegian Current D. freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo’s
D. South Equatorial Current cells and will result in water enter them
causing the cells to swell and burst
8524. Organisms (plants and animals) that
live at or near the bottom of a sea 8527. Why is upwelling an important process
A. Phytoplankton in a marine ecosystem?
B. Zooplankton A. Upwelling replaces sand and gravel on
C. Benthos beaches lost as a result of wave erosion.
D. none of above B. Upwelling decreases the temperature
differences between different layers of
8525. In general is ocean salinity greater the
ocean water.
deeper you go in the ocean (Pick the best
answer) C. Upwelling cycles nutrients from de-
A. True, because salt water floats on composers along the ocean floor to pro-
fresh ducers in the surface waters.
B. True because the higher density salt- D. Upwelling returns salt to the surface
water settles deeper into the ocean from the benthic zone as part of the global
depths conveyor belt current.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 922

8528. The place where the land meets water; 8532. How is productivity related to the flow
area between low tide line and high tide of energy and the structure of marine food
line is called the webs?
A. beach A. Productivity determines the size of ma-
B. coast rine organisms
C. shore B. Lower productivity leads to more di-
verse food webs
D. slope

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Higher productivity leads to more com-
8529. What is the tidal frequency shown in plex food webs
blue on the diagram below?
D. Productivity is not related to the flow
of energy or the structure of marine food
webs

8533. The Sunlight Zone is also known as the


Zone.
A. Epipelagic
B. Hadalpelagic
A. Diurnal C. Mesopelagic
B. Mixed D. none of above
C. Semidiurnal
8534. This layer of the Earth is made of the
D. none of above inner and outer core
8530. Name the ocean labeled 1? A. Mantle
B. Lithosphere
C. Core
D. Mesosphere

8535. What is the shallow parts of the ocean


floor that consists of continental crust and
thick sediments?
A. Pacific Ocean A. Continental margins
B. Indian Ocean B. Deep open basins
C. Arctic Ocean
C. Trenches
D. Southern Oce
D. Abyssal plains
8531. What current occurs as low tide is ap-
8536. The 4 oceans (plus an additional ocean)
proaching.
are
A. ebb
A. Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, South-
B. flow ern, and Pacific
C. slack B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and
D. bore Arctic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 923

C. Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediter- B. Looking at the moon in the water’s re-
ranean, and Pacific flection

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D. Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, C. Sing to it.
and Pacific D. observation and sample collection
8537. Which important role do trees play in 8541. Which tidal pattern has one high tide
the health of the bay? and one low tide each day?
A. mixed
B. diurnal
C. semidiurnal
D. bidiurnal

8542. What is the term for the process by


A. Create shade which ocean water evaporates, leaving be-
hind salts, thus increasing the salinity of
B. They are pretty the water?
C. Help stop erosion A. Condensation
D. Provide lumber B. Evaporation
8538. Which of the following explains how C. Transpiration
ocean water becomes rain water? D. Precipitation
A. Evaporated water forms clouds.
8543. Which of the following is true about the
B. Heat from the sun causes ocean water salinity of ocean water?
to evaporate.
A. The salinity of the ocean water is equal
C. During the water cycle, ocean water throughout
evaporates, but salt remains in the ocean.
B. The salinity of the ocean water is lower
D. All of these in both areas of high evaporation and
freezing
8539. Organizational Acronyms:What answer
choice best describes the organization C. The salinity of the ocean water is
who’s mission and studies are aimed to higher in both areas of high evaporation
ensure the wise use of ocean resources? and freezing
(From Chapter 1.2) D. none of above
A. NOAA
8544. Which statement best describes how
B. IPCC El Niño affects precipitation in the south-
C. NASA western United States?
D. ISA A. Warm ocean surface temperatures
increase convection, thereby increasing
8540. What are two ways that oceanogra- rainfall.
phers study the ocean B. Warm air temperatures alter the jet
A. Satellites stream, thereby decreasing rainfall.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 924

8545. Which of the following is nekton? 8549. As carbon dioxide is increasing, the
ocean pH is
A. increasing
B. decreasing
C. falling below 7
D. rising above 7

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8550. Dead Horse Creek is dry for most the
A. crab year except for the very wet weeks in
B. stingray June when it floods. Based on annual flow
pattern, what kind of a stream is it?
C. sea star
A. Permanent
D. lobster
B. Intermittent
8546. In which location would you not find a
C. Gaining
thermocline?
D. Losing
A. North pole
B. The equator 8551. The most likely place for the basic build-
ing blocks for the development to life to
C. Oregon coast
interact and produce life is in Earth’s
D. none of above A. oceans
8547. Identify B. mantle
C. lithosphere
D. atmosphere

8552. Seafloor spreading dictates that rocks


the divergent boundary are oldest.
A. farther from
A. Barnacle B. closer to
B. Sea Cucumber 8553. Which of the following is not a large
C. Mollusk sea?
D. Echinoderm A. Red Sea
B. Baltic Sea
8548. Hurricanes are an efficient way to
C. Sargasso Sea
A. wipe out hundreds of thousands of
people D. Coral Sea

B. redistribute heat from one area to an- 8554. True or false:Oceanography is usually
other considered to have started with the Me-
C. bring rains to eastern Africa teor expedition.

D. raise sea level world wide due to the A. True


storm surge B. False

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 925

8555. Clouds formed when winds blow warm, A. Can 3% of the Earth’s freshwater only
moist air on top of cooler, drier air masses. exist as ice caps and glaciers?

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A. Fog B. Can 97% of the Earth’s salt water only
B. Convection clouds exists as water vapor and seas?

C. Mountain clouds C. Can 3% of the Earth’s freshwater be


found in ice caps, ground, lakes, swamps,
D. Frontal clouds and rivers?
8556. Which ocean zone contains 90% of all D. Can 97% of the Earth’s salt water
marine animal life? be found in lakes, streams, seas, and
oceans?

8560. All of the following are factors leading


to the decline of estuaries, except
A. dredging of marshes to deepen water
depth
B. red tide occurrences
A. midnight zone C. pollution
B. sunlight zone D. overcrowding of recreational fisher-
C. twilight zone men
D. intertidal zone 8561. Which ocean could technically also be a
sea by definition?
8557. Which water is denser?
A. Arctic
A. cold
B. Atlantic
B. warm
C. Indian
8558. What is the horizontal distance be-
D. Pacific
tween wave crests called?
A. wave height 8562. What did Magellean accomplish?
B. trough A. Sail around South America
C. wavelength B. Sail around the world
D. frequency C. Land in North America

8559. Which question BEST describes the por- D. Find the Hawaiian Islands
tion of water in each location on the
8563. The apparent curving of moving objects
Earth’s surface?
from a straight path due to Earth’s rota-
tion is called the effect.
A. Coriolis
B. Jupiter
C. sun
D. continental

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 926

8564. Volcanic mountain ranges with rift val- 8568. What type of boundary occurs when
ley running down the middle. This is two plates move away from each other?
where new ocean floor is being made as A. transform
magma comes up through the thin spots in
the floor of the rift valley. B. subduction
C. convergent
D. divergent

8569. What answer choice best describes the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
oil cleanup method that really isn’t one
that is used when the shoreline is remote
or inaccessible?
A. Chemical Stabilization by Elastomizers
A. Seamount B. Natural Recovery
B. Guyot C. Bioremediation
C. Trench D. Manual Labor
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge E. Dispersants
8565. This organism is the most abundant 8570. In which step of the scientific method do
plant source in the ocean. we test our hypothesis by following a spe-
A. plankton cific list of steps?
B. phytoplankton A. Purpose
C. seaweed B. Experiment
D. benthos C. Analysis
D. Hypothesis
8566. What type of organism is being de-
scribed:all organisms that drift with ocean 8571. What is the science that encompasses
currents the occurrence, distribution, movement
A. benthos and properties of the waters of earth and
their relationship within the phase of wa-
B. nekton ter cycle.
C. plankton A. Geology
D. none of above B. Hydrology
8567. As the Middle Ages ended and the Re- C. Meteorology
naissance began, new trade routes were D. Chemistry
needed. What explorer was the first to
successfully navigate around the southern 8572. This geological features runs down the
tip of Africa and reach India? center of the Atlantic Ocean
A. Prince Henry the Navigator A. Trench
B. Vasco da Gama B. Convergent Plate Boundary
C. Bartholomeu Dias C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Leif Erikson D. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 927

8573. Salinity is defined as C. Exploring Shipwrecks


A. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the D. Investigating Coral Reefs

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water
8578. The first European explorer to cross the
B. The concentration of dissolved salts Atlantic and set foot in the western hemi-
and minerals in the water sphere was
C. The concentration of Nitrates in the
water
D. The density of the water

8574. What is the approximate depth of Pele’s


Pit according to the bathymetric map?

A. Ferdinand Magellan
B. Leif Erikson
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Amerigo Vespucci

8579. What is water quality?


A. It describes the condition of the water
B. It is the continuous movement of wa-
A. 1800m
ter on, above, and below the surface of
B. 1400m the Earth
C. 1000m C. It is the property of containing salt
D. 2200m D. It is the total amount of suspended
solids.
8575. What tectonic plate movement creates
a mid ocean ridge 8580. What causes surface currents to deflect
A. convergent and what does a surface current do when
it deflects?
B. Divergent
A. The mid-ocean ridge causes surface
C. Submerge currents to deflect and the surface cur-
D. none of above rents sink to the ocean floor.
B. The gravitational pull of the Sun and
8576. Food chains are interconnecting food
the moon causes the surface currents to
webs.
deflect and the surface currents turn back
A. true around.
B. false C. The continental margin causes the sur-
face currents to deflect and the surface
8577. What is the main focus of geological currents sink to the ocean floor.
oceanography?
D. The continental margin causes the sur-
A. Mapping the Seafloor face currents to deflect and the surface
B. Studying Marine Animals currents change direction.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 928

8581. What are trenches? 8587. What is the importance of upwelling?


A. the most shallow part of the ocean A. it brings warm water from the tropics
to the poles
B. coats that spies wear
B. it decreases winds along exposed
C. the deepest parts of the ocean
coastlines
D. the scientific study of the ocean C. it helps warm the North Atlantic gyre
8582. What are the reasons for the seasons? D. it brings dissolved nutrients to the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ocean’s surface
A. Earth’s tilt and rotation.
B. Earth’s rotation and revolution. 8588. FeatureD is a huge mountain range that
forms when the ocean floor pulls apart at
C. Earth’s tilt and revolution. a divergent boundary.
D. Earth’s tilt and resolution

8583. There are distinct temperature lay-


ers by depth.
A. 2
B. 3 A. mid-ocean ridge
C. 4 B. seamount
D. 5 C. continental slope
D. abyssal plain
8584. Where are most coral reefs found?
8589. The “clam up” strategy can be used by
A. warm, shallow areas of the neritic
an organism to do what?
zone
A. keep water/moisture inside of their
B. deepest, dark areas of the benthic
bodies
zone
B. maintain body temperature
C. deep water of the open ocean
C. cool off their bodies
D. none of above
D. access more food sources
8585. All marine animals breathe with their
8590. Which term/s mean no light?
A. photic
A. mouth
B. euphotic
B. lungs
C. aphotic
8586. About how much of the earth’s surface D. disphotic
is covered by water?
E. twilight zone
A. 3%
8591. What is the name of the current that
B. 25%
moves North along the United States then
C. 71% East across the Atlantic Ocean?
D. 97% A. salt black

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 929

B. Major Stream A. waning crescent


C. Kuroshio B. waxing crescent

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D. Gulf Stream C. waning gibbous
8592. How waves occur D. waxing gibbous
A. I don’t know how lazy I want to buy a 8597. Highest point on a wave is the:
truck
A. Crest
B. How vain
B. Wave
C. I’m sad
D. sipp ahhhhhh C. Trough
D. Wavelength
8593. A generic term that is used to describe
the upper oceanic zone, the zone that re- 8598. What is the tidal frequency shown on
ceives sunlight and facilitates plant photo- the blue graph below?
synthesis is called?
A. benthic zone
B. photic zone
C. aphotic zone
D. abyssal zone
A. Diurnal
8594. What is the MAIN reason for ocean
B. Mixed
tides?
C. Semidiurnal
A. wind
B. differences in density D. none of above

C. gravity from the moon & sun 8599. The only ocean current that continues in
D. plate tectonics an uninterrupted circle around the circum-
ference of the Earth without encountering
8595. More Co2=less ph land is the:
A. true A. Gulf Stream.
B. false B. Kuroshio, or Japan, Current.
8596. Name the moon phase C. West Wind Drift.
D. Canary Current

8600. Approximately which percentage of


Earth’s surface is covered in water?
A. 30%
B. 50%
C. 80%
D. 90%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 930

8601. How many times per month does a 8607. The more gradual slope that is made of
spring tide occur? sediment that has rolled down the steep
A. Once continental slope is-

B. twice A. continental shelf


C. three times B. continental rise
D. it changes every month C. abyssal plain

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8602. What percentage of the Earth’s surface D. seamount
is covered by water?
A. 80% 8608. What is the correct order of the layers
of the earth from inside to outside?
B. 71%
C. 90% A. Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere,
Outer Core, Inner Core
D. 50%
B. Inner Core, Outer Core, Astheno-
8603. A pH of 3 is a(an) sphere, Lithosphere, Crust
A. base C. Outer core, Inner core, Astheno-
B. acid sphere, Lithosphere, Crust
C. neutral D. Inner Core, Outer Core, Lithosphere,
D. none of above Asthenosphere, Crust

8604. Most of the living organisms live are 8609. When surface currents meet continents,
found on the they change direction due to continental
A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope A. deflection
C. abyssal plain B. direction
D. trench
C. divergence
8605. Jacques Cousteau has been described as D. depths
the
A. Father of Oceanography 8610. What is the greenhouse effect?
B. Father of Underwater Archeology A. when convection currents cause flood-
C. Father of Marine Studies ing (like the Gulf Stream Current)
D. Father of Modern SCUBA B. the rotation of the earth at a high
speed causing wind (like the Coriolis ef-
8606. Density currents are powered by fect)
A. Salinity
C. gases are trapped in the atmosphere
B. Wind and can’t escape (like water vapor)
C. Fish D. when cold winds and warm winds
D. the Moon meet each other (like convection currents)

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 931

8611. The oceans of the world function as a B. 50%


carbon “sink” or storage place. Unfortu- C. 55%
nately, when the ocean absorbs a lot of

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carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmo- D. 70%
sphere, it can reduce the pH levels-which
8616. The principle of Constant Proportions
makes the ocean water more acidic. At
states that
the same time, carbonate ions are reduced,
which are needed by many ocean inverte- A. The relative concentrations of major
brates for their shell production. What is ions in seawater does not change
this phenomenon called? B. ocean salinity varies w/ geographical
A. The Anticarbonation Effect location
B. Global Warming C. the % of sodium varies w/ ocean depth
C. Ocean Acidification D. the % of chloride varies with geograph-
ical location
D. Hydrologic pH Alteration
8617. Which water composition has the LEAST
8612. What is the name given to the features
density?
that are created along the passive conti-
nental margin due to the deposition of sed- A. cold water with low salinity
iments? B. cold water with high salinity
A. Abyssal plains C. warm water with high salinity
B. Continental shelves D. warm water with low salinity
C. Continental slopes
8618. from damaged tankers or drilling
D. Submarine canyons platforms can cause wide destruction to
8613. A rift valley on the ocean floor is a val- living things in the ocean.
ley located between the A. Propellers
A. seamounts. B. Sewage dumping
B. continental shelf C. Scrap metal
C. mid-ocean ridge D. Oil pollution
D. submarine canyons
8619. What are the two layers of the Earth’s
8614. Which ocean is also known as the Lithosphere?
Antarctic Ocean? A. The aethenosphere and the mesosh-
A. Arctic Ocean. pere.
B. Atlantic Ocean. B. The tropopause and the mantle.
C. Indian Ocean. C. The crust and the core.
D. Pacific Ocean. D. The mantle and the crust.
E. Southern Ocean. 8620. How many oceans are there in the
8615. What percentage of the Earth is covered world?
by the oceans? A. 7
A. 25% B. 6

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 932

C. 5 B. echolocation
D. 4 C. waves on the surface

8621. Where do warm currents come from? D. smell


And where does the cold current come
8625. A zone in which the ocean’s density in-
from? And when we meet, what will hap-
creases rapidly with increasing depth is
pen? In order
called:
A. From low latitudes / From high lati-
A. a halocline.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tudes / Boom It’s Cocoa Crunch.
B. a metacline.
B. From high latitudes / From low lati-
tudes / Boom It’s Cocoa Crunch. C. a pycnocline.
C. From low latitudes / From high lati- D. a thermocline.
tudes / Bank
8626. How many degrees of latitude are be-
D. From high latitudes / From low lati- tween the equator and the Tropics of Capri-
tudes / Bank corn & Cancer?
8622. organism capable of tolerating extreme A. 11.25◦
environmental conditions, especially tem- B. 23.5◦
perature or pH level.
C. 90◦
A. extremophile
D. 180◦
B. heterotroph
C. species 8627. How does the Coriolis Effect influence
hurricanes and cyclones
D. none of above
A. determines how powerful they will be
8623. The layer of the atmosphere closest to B. determines where they will go
the Earth’s surface
C. determines where they form
A. Biosphere
D. determines the direction of the wind
B. Troposphere
rotation
C. Stratosphere
8628. Tides are the rising and falling move-
D. Mesosphere
ments of sea water caused by the move-
8624. What do dolphins use to determine size, ment of sea water masses as a result
distance, and shapes of underwater ob- of
jects? A. the movement of sea water masses on
earth caused by wind
B. the gravitational force of the sun and
moon
C. the presence of wind mass movement
D. the movement of ocean currents in a
body of water
E. the movement of water masses that
A. eyesight hearing drives surface waves

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 933

8629. Which city receives its freshwater sup- 8632. Where does the term El Niño come from
ply directly from the Hetch Hetchy Aque- and what does it mean?
duct?

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A. “The Child, “ due to its appearance
around the Christmas season
B. “The Chile, “ due to its appearance
around Thanksgiving
C. “The Kid”, due to its appearance
around Easter
D. “The Family”, due to its appearance
around 4th of July

8633. Prince Henry of Portgual nicknamed


A. Fresno Henry the Navigator created the first
school for?
B. The Angels
A. Oceanographers
C. Santa Barbara
B. Educators
D. San Francisco C. Astronomers
8630. How much sunlight does the twilight D. Geologists
zone get?
8634. the deflection of moving objects from a
straight path due to Earth’s rotation
A. Conventional Current
B. Upwelling
C. Ocean Current
D. Coriolis Effect

8635. The amount and type of dissolved salts


A. None at all and gases in seawater is

B. Almost as much as the sunlight zone A. Salinity


B. Seamount
C. A lot in the summer but none in the win-
ter C. Upwelling
D. The small amount that penetrates the D. Breaker
sunlight zone
8636. What is the SONAR technology used
for?
8631. What color light goes the deepest in the
ocean? A. To measure the salinity of ocean water
A. yellow B. To determine the ocean’s depth by
sending high frequency sound pulses
B. blue
C. To track marine life in the ocean
C. green
D. To measure the temperature of ocean
D. red water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 934

8637. How many oceans are there? 8641. The main energy resources associated
with marine sediments are petroleum and

A. coal
B. ethanol
C. gas hydrates
D. rare-earth elements

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 3 8642. The salinity of the Mediterranean Sea
is greater than that of the Atlantic Ocean.
B. 4
This means that, compared to the Atlantic
C. 5 Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea is-
D. 6 A. wider
8638. What is the most efficient way to sail B. deeper
upwind? C. cooler
A. Sail directly into the wind
D. saltier
B. You cannot sail upwind
8643. An instrument that scans the ocean floor
C. Sail downwind
to the side of a ship’s track and is used es-
D. Zigzag your boat slightly pecially for mapping the ocean floor.
8639. oppositely charged ends of a molecule A. AUV
A. polar B. ROV
B. solution C. Side Scan Sonar
C. hydrophilic D. Underwater Camera
D. nonpolar
8644. Which classification of aquatic organism
8640. Which of the following situations wold lives at the top of the ocean, is carried by
likely result in the lowest salinity content? currents and thrives as far down as the
sun can penetrate?
A. Nekton
B. Plankton
C. Benthos
D. Decomposers

8645. Explorers who dominated ocean explo-


A. A river’s mouth empties fresh water
ration in the Middle Age, made it to North
into the ocean
America
B. A factory dumps wastewater with 10%
A. Bartholomew Diaz
salinity into an area of the ocean
C. Lots of sunlight causing rate of evapo- B. The Phoenicians
ration to increase C. The Vikings
D. none of above D. Herodotus

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 935

8646. These are large circular currents that 71◦ 01’ west. What do Boston and Twin
form on the surface of the ocean. Falls have in common?

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A. Eddys A. Latitude
B. Gyres B. Longitude
C. Tides C. Scale
D. Thermohalines D. Mercator projection
8651. What do the lines on this picture repre-
8647. What is the highest point of a wave?
sent?
A. trough
B. seashore
C. height
D. crest

8648. The trees in this forest biome have nee-


dle like leaves that are hard to eat.

A. Latitude
B. Longitude
C. Isobars
D. Contour lines
8652. Who is considered the father of modern
A. Coniferous Forest oceanography and called the pathfinder of
B. Deciduous Forest the seas?
C. Tropical Rain Forests A. James Cook
D. Deserts B. Matthew Maury
C. Charles Darwin
8649. How do the plates move to form a
D. William Beebe
trench at a subduction zone?
A. They pull apart with the oceanic being 8653. What is the composition of salt found
pushed under the continental. in the ocean and how does it get into the
oceans?
B. They push together with the oceanic
plate being pushed under the continental. A. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and
through extraction from seaweed
C. They pull apart with the continental
B. Potassium chloride (KCl) and through
plate being pushed under the oceanic.
volcanic eruptions
D. They push together with the continen-
C. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and through
tal plate being pushed under the oceanic
precipitation from the atmosphere
8650. Twin Falls, Idaho is located at 42◦ 20’ D. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and through
north and 113◦ 36’ west. Boston, Mas- erosion of rocks on land and eruptions un-
sachusetts is located at 42◦ 20’north and der the sea

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 936

8654. Which of the following questions can 8658. What would be located at B or F
BEST be answered by the data presented
in the pie graph?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Trough
B. Wavelength
C. Wave Height
A. What are the types of seawater?
D. Crest
B. Which other elements make up seawa-
ter? 8659. In which zone is ocean temperature
most affected by the weather?
C. How does seawater differ from fresh-
water? A. transition zone
B. deep zone
D. Which two salt elements are the most
abundant in seawater? C. surface zone
D. polar zone
8655. What sea floor feature is created by ero-
sion and deposition? 8660. a measurement of how much time it
takes for a wave to pass the fixed point
A. continental rise
A. Ocean Current
B. submarine canyon
B. Crest
C. Marianas trench
C. Deep Current
D. seamount
D. Wave Period
8656. the branch of science that deals with the 8661. This is a deep, steep-sided valley that
physical and biological properties and phe- starts on the continental slope.
nomena of the sea
A. Submarine canyon
A. Oceanography B. Deep sea trench
B. marine chemistry C. Continental rift valley
C. marine biology D. Continental slope
D. mammology 8662. What stage of the Wilson Cycle is fifth
and is represented by the Mediterranean
8657. The Greek word “Planktos” means
Sea?
A. “hard soled feet” A. Juvenile
B. “To wander” B. Mature
C. “To dive” C. Declining
D. “To sink” D. Terminal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 937

8663. Define Gibbous 8669. Which of these measurements allows


A. Less than half of moon visible scientists to compare the brightness of
stars?

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B. More than half of moon visible
C. All of moon visible A. Orbital velocity

D. None of moon visible B. Red shift

8664. Most common crustacean: C. Critical density


A. Shrimp D. Absolute magnitude
B. Crabs
C. Copepods 8670. Which of the following is not a lotic en-
vironment?
D. Barnacles
A. Buffalo Bayou
8665. tides are typically weaker tides.
A. Spring B. Trinity River
B. Neap C. Caddo Lake
C. Neither D. Sessums Creek
D. Both can be equally strong
8671. This type of ocean motion is caused by
8666. Stromatolites are an example of which
differences in salinity and temperature
of the following sediment types?
A. Biogenous A. surface currents
B. Hydrogenous B. waves
C. lithogenous C. deep ocean currents
D. cosmogenous
D. tsunami
8667. Most of the explorations by northern
and western Europeans during the Middle 8672. An ebb current occurs as is approach-
(Dark) Ages were undertaken by ing.
A. Italy
A. high tide
B. Spain
B. low tide
C. Vikings of Scandinavia
D. France C. slack tide

8668. an organism capable of using energy D. tidal bore


from light or energy-rich chemicals in the
environment to produce energy-rich or- 8673. D.O. stands for
ganic compounds; an autotroph.
A. Dissolved ozone
A. primary producer
B. Disappearing oxygen
B. primary consumer
C. producer C. Dissolved oxygen
D. consumer D. Disappearing ozone

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 938

8674. The downcoast transport mechanism for 8679. The immediate source of most of the en-
beach sand along much of the Pacific coast ergy for ocean currents is:
is called: A. weather.
A. the longshore current, a current that B. wind
moves sand north-to-south along the
coast, parallel to shore, at a great dis- C. the sun.
tance away from land. D. the tides.
B. the longshore current, a current that

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8680. What color “disappears” first when you
moves sand south-to-north along the go deep underwater?
coast, parallel to shore, at a great dis-
tance away from land. A. Red
C. the longshore current, a current that B. Green
moves sand north-to-south along the C. Blue
coast, parallel to shore, close to shore.
D. Purple
D. the longshore current, a current that
moves sand south-to-north along the 8681. What is the purpose of a diving bell?
coast, parallel to shore, close to shore. A. to measure water depth
8675. Determine the tide that each region B. to explore the deep-ocean floor
would be experiencing:a b C. to study ocean currents
A. a High tide D. to allow divers to stay at a certain
B. b Low tide depth for a limited time

8676. Where is the sun directly overhead at 8682. How many high tides does Virginia ex-
noon on the equinoxes? perience each day?
A. Tropic of Cancer A. 3
B. Equator B. 2
C. Tropic of Capricorn C. 1
D. Prime Meridian D. 4

8677. How is salinity measures? 8683. New ocean crust forms along
A. percent A. convergent boundary
B. Grams B. subduction zone
C. ppt C. divergent boundaries
D. milliliters D. ocean trench

8678. What is the term for uneven rotation of 8684. Sediments with an extraterrestrial ori-
the earth? gin are called
A. Corelias affect A. cosmogenous
B. Density affect B. biogenous
C. aquanaut C. lithogenous
D. none of above D. hydrogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 939

8685. What answer choice best describes C. abyssal plain


what marine zones commercially impor- D. seamount
tant fish are found? (More than one an-

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swer possible) 8690. Planktonic organisms, by definition, are
A. Intertidal Zone always small.
B. Neritic Zone A. True
C. Bathyal zone B. False
D. Abyssal Zone 8691. Long-lining is a method
8686. Which ocean is directly south of the A. determining deep anchorage
Asian continent? B. measuring depth
A. Arctic Ocean C. catching commercial fish species
B. Atlantic Ocean D. protecting a swimming area
C. Indian Ocean
8692. As oceans become deeper, the water
D. Pacific Ocean pressure
8687. Why do water sources need to be con-
served?
A. We have a limited amount of fresh wa-
ter.
B. Pollution reduces the amount of usable
water.
C. Because we need to save it for the
A. increases
whales
B. decreases
D. Both a and b.
C. stays the same
8688. What is the relationship between tem-
D. none of above
perature, pressure and salinity as the
depth of ocean water increases? 8693. What answer choice best describes the
A. Temperature increases, pressure in- National Energy Technology Laboratory’s
creases, and salinity increases government document covered in class?
B. temperature decreases, pressure de- A. it falls under the supervision of the U.S.
creases, and salinity decreases Department of Commerce
C. Temperature decreases, pressure in- B. to identify knowledge gaps of all ma-
creases, and salinity increases rine resources
D. Temperature increases, pressure in- C. to collaborate nationally and interna-
creases, and salinity decreases tionally to advance the scientific under-
standing of naturally occurring gas hy-
8689. Gently sloping, shallow area of the drates
ocean floor at the edge of a continent.
D. understanding the resource potential
A. continental shelf of methane hydrate independent of cli-
B. continental slope mate change

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 940

8694. Trieste is famous for A. The duration (time) the wind blows
B. The strength of the wind
C. The density of ocean water
D. The distance the wind blows across
the surface

8699. Precipitation that flows over land into

NARAYAN CHANGDER
rivers, streams, and eventually into the
A. going to the deepest place in the ocean
ocean, the Marianas trench. A. Precipitation
B. discovering the first hydrothermal
vents. B. Condensation

C. discovering the location of the Titanic. C. Evaporation


D. collecting data and specimens over a D. Runoff
40 month voyage.
8700. A career in Environmental Oceanogra-
8695. An isolated volcanic peak found in the
phy might include
ocean which has not peaked out of the wa-
ter A. investigating food chains in marine en-
A. seamounts vironments.

B. abyssal zone B. monitoring the amount of dissolved


oxygen in local seas.
C. continental margin
D. pelagic zone C. designing a new submarine to reach
new depths.
8696. the region of shallow ocean water over
the continental shelf D. investigating cleanup solutions to the
great pacific garbage patch.
A. Nertic Zone
B. Open Ocean Zone 8701. Ooze composed mostly of the hard re-
C. Atoll mains of silica-containing organisms is
called:
D. none of above
A. Calcareous Ooze
8697. What is the average salinity of ocean
water? B. Siliceous Ooze
A. 3.5%
8702. All marine organisms that can swim
B. 35% freely within the water column
C. 50% A. nekton
D. The ocean is not salty
B. benthic
8698. Which factor will LEAST LIKELY influence
C. Plankton
the size of a wave as it moves across the
ocean? D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 941

8703. The 3 major currents of the coast of 8706. What happens to seawater density as
Western Australia the temperature increases?

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A. Leeuwin Current & West Australian A. Increases
Current & Naturalist current B. Decreases
B. The Leeuwin Current & West Aus- C. Stays the same
tralian Current + Capes Current
D. none of above
C. Leeuwin Current & Australian Current
+ Capes Current 8707. When the sea-floor spreads and magma
wells up, what is formed?
D. none of above
A. trench
8704. What do the arrows on the map repre- B. abyssal plain
sent?
C. mid-ocean ridge
D. guyot

8708. currents create warm climates in


coastal areas that would otherwise be
much cooler.
A. Warm water Surface
B. Warm-water deep
C. Cold-water surface
D. Cold-water deep
A. water density
8709. Most areas have tides each day.
B. time between tides
A. 1 high and 1 low
C. size of waves
B. 2 high and 2 low
D. ocean currents C. 4 high
8705. This animal is a D. 4 low

8710. Mammals constitute the largest group


of vertebrates in terms of number of
species.
A. True
B. False

8711. What percentage of water can be found


in clouds?
A. fish A. 2%
B. invertebrate B. 1%
C. mammal C. 25%
D. none of above D. 0.1%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 942

8712. What is the unit of measurement for 8717. How often is it between high tides?
salinity? A. 6 hours
A. grams per liter (g/L)
B. 6 hours and 10 minutes
B. percent (%)
C. 12 hours
C. milligrams per liter (mg/L)
D. 12 hours and 25 minutes
D. parts per thousand (ppt)
8718. What do ocean currents move around
8713. “segmented worms”Ex. Bristle worms

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the world?
A. Annelids
B. Platyhelminthes
C. Nematodes
D. Porifera
8714. Which of the following factors does NOT
help determine the height, length, and pe-
riod of a wave?
A. Organisms
A. wind speed
B. Nutrients
B. fetch
C. Heat Energy
C. temperature
D. All of these
D. how long the wind blows
8715. What basic motion does water follow 8719. Top of the wave
during the passage of a wave? A. wavelength
A. Forward B. crest
B. Backward C. trough
C. Up and down D. wave height (amplitude)
D. Circular
8720. Water does not move, moves.
8716. What letter best points out the location A. Water
where the spill volume was approximately
200 million gallons of oil? B. Energy
C. Waves
D. Fish

8721. What is the major cause of surface cur-


rents?

A. Letter A
B. Letter B
C. Letter C
D. Letter D
E. Letter E

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 943

A. dolphins 8726. What is the deepest part of the Mariana


Trench called?
B. wind

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A. Mid Ocean Ridge
C. hurricanes
B. Challenger Deep
D. tides
C. Subduction
8722. Which ocean is the largest by surface D. Drop Off
area?
8727. What is the effect of increased salinity
A. Atlantic Ocean
on the freezing point of seawater?
B. Indian Ocean
A. It lowers the freezing point
C. Arctic Ocean
B. It raises the freezing point
D. Pacific Ocean C. It has no effect on the freezing point
8723. This collects pelagic organisms. D. none of above
A. plankton net 8728. Bob Ballard had this discovery of a new
B. Dry disks lifeform that lived off of chemicals years
before he ever discovered the Titanic.
C. sonar
A. tubeworms
D. gravity corer
B. angler fish
8724. Which ocean floor feature is the steep C. nottheanswer fish
cliff-like drop beyond the continental
D. none of above
shelf?
8729. Sea caves are accessible
A. at low tides
B. at high tides
C. all times of the day
D. never
A. Continental Shelf
8730. Which of the following characteristics is
B. Continental Slope
NOT used to divide the ocean into marine
C. Abyssal Plain life zones?
D. Ocean Trench A. availability of sunlight
B. distance from shore
8725. The food-making process by which most
living things depend that requires sun light C. water depth
is: D. salinity
A. Photosynthesis
8731. A wave height is the distance between
B. Osmosis
C. Digestion A. 2 Adjacent Crests
D. Adaption B. 2 Adjacent Troughs

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 944

C. A Crest & A Trough 8737. Waves break when wave height to


wave length ratio exceeds
D. Both 2 Adjacent Crests & 2 Adjacent
Troughs A. 1:2
B. 1:4
8732. The measure of the mass of a substance
divided by its volume C. 1:7
A. Density D. 1:10

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Salinity 8738. What is the wind direction in Adelaide?
C. Thermocline
D. Sound

8733. Which of the following is an underwater


mountain?
A. Volcanic Island
B. Seamount
C. Mid Ocean Ridge A. NO
D. Trench B. SW
8734. During what step of the water cycle C. S
does liquid water turn into water vapor D. N
due to heating from the sun?
A. transpiration 8739. How does the salinity of the Dead Sea
affect its density?
B. runoff
C. condensation
D. evaporation

8735. The highest point of a wave


A. trough
B. crest
A. Dead Sea water is more dense be-
C. wavelength cause of its high salinity.
D. amplitude B. Dead Sea water is less dense because
of its high salinity.
8736. What does the ocean transport?
C. Dead Sea water is more dense be-
A. Weather
cause of its low salinity.
B. Particles
D. Dead Sea water is less dense because
C. Matter of its low salinity.
D. Waves
8740. What are the four branches of oceanog-
E. Energy raphy?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 945

A. Physical, chemical, biological, and ge- B. sodium chloride


ological
C. calcium chloride

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B. Water, sand, animals, plants
D. magnesium sulfate
C. Ocean explorers, ocean vessels,
ocean animals, sediment 8744. Upwelling causes the water off the
D. none of above western coasts of continents in the tropics
to
8741. What scientist proposed the theory
of continental drift in 1912 because he A. Have warmer temperatures than other
thought that the coasts of South America tropical waters
and Africa could have fit like a jigsaw puz- B. be productive fishing grounds
zle?
C. produces El Nino
A. Charles Darwin
D. ride over cold denser waters below
B. Edward Forbes
C. James Cook 8745. the destructive physical and chemical ef-
D. Alfred Wegener fects of the forces on rock surfaces, as in
forming soil or sand
8742. Why were the Vikings able to establish
A. rock weathering
trade routes, colonize Iceland and explore
the North Atlantic B. heat stress
A. The political climate was ready for C. volcanic activity
their creativity
D. none of above
B. Global warming reduced the hazards
of ice drifting there 8746. At the center of a hurricane is low pres-
C. Their ships has GPS systems available sure air. What is the center of the hurri-
to them cane called?
D. none of above

8743. Different ions are found in ocean wa-


ter. Vasily’s teacher gives him this table,
which lists the six most common ions found
in ocean water. Based on the information
in the table, the ions of which of the fol-
lowing salts is most commonly found in
ocean water?

A. Eye
B. Eye Wall
C. Storm surge
A. sodium sulfate D. Edge

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 946

8747. What is the wind direction in Canberra? 8751. Which type of breeze is generated dur-
ing the day when the land heats the air
and drives the formation of a convection
current, moving cool air towards the land
from the sea?
A. Sea Breeze
B. Land Breeze

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Night Breeze
D. Day Breeze
A. NO Explanation:They are named for where
B. SW the breeze comes from, in this case the
cool air comes from the sea, towards the
C. SE
landDuring the day, the land is warmer
D. NW than the ocean
8748. How does the control group differ from 8752. Brackish water is commonly found in es-
an experimental group in a scientific exper- tuaries. How does brackish water differ
iment? from ocean water and fresh water?
A. the control group does not contain the A. brackish water contains less salts than
experimental data, whereas the experi- fresh water and ocean water
mental group does B. brackish water contains more salts
B. the control group does not contain the than fresh and ocean water
experimental variable, whereas the exper- C. brackish water contains more salts
imental group does not than fresh water but less salts than ocean
C. the control group is not tested or mea- water
sured D. brackish water contains less salts than
D. the control group contains more than fresh water but more salts than ocean wa-
one experimental variable ter

8749. Which of the following means “light”? 8753. The shallow shelf that surrounds the
continents (up to 600 feet).
A. aphotic
B. biotic
C. abiotic
D. photic

8750. Why do hurricanes die out soon after hit-


ting landfall?
A. Cloud types change.
B. Warm water no longer feeds them. A. Continental Slope
C. Rotation of the storm changes direc- B. Continental Shelf
tion. C. Continental Rise
D. none of above D. Abyssal Plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 947

8754. Which conntinennt is 30S, 150E? B. zooplankton


C. Benthos

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D. Nekton
8759. moves towards a steep beach, found in
sandbar, surfers like these type of waves
A. spilling
B. surging
A. North America C. plunging
B. Australia D. none of above
C. Antarctica 8760. The temporal resolution of the data
D. Asia used in this practicum is

8755. German government sent the vessel Me- A. Seasonal


teor on a research cruise that also had a B. Annual
secret mission C. Daily
A. Chart the coast of the United States for D. Monthly
an invasion
8761. Why do you think climate change could
B. Establish a German claim to Antarctica
be bad for the Great Barrier Reef?
C. Find a way to separate dissolved gold
from seawater
D. Scout the coast of Africa for possible
German colonies

8756. For the most part, winds and surface


currents in the NORTHERN Hemisphere ro-
tate A. the overheated water will cause too
A. Clockwise (turn to the right) many coral to take over the reef
B. Counter clockwise (turn to the left) B. the overheated water will cause too
much salt to fall down on the reef
8757. Which of the following is FALSE about C. the warmer water will mean more fish-
the Great Ocean Conveyer Belt? ermen will come and harm the reef
A. It is a combination of surface and den- D. the warmer temperature might cause
sity currents the coral to become overheated to the
B. It travels throughout every ocean point that they die
C. It is at risk to shut down due to melting 8762. What marine animals are nugi and
glaciers in the North Atlantic bayoo?
D. All the above are True A. DOGGGGGGG lau
8758. Drifting plants in the ocean that form B. monkey hair
the base of the food chain. C. jellyfish
A. Phytoplankton D. Plankton

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 948

8763. The amount of salt in the oceans has in- 8768. According to your textbook, select the
creased over time. best answer choice that best describes
A. True Level II treatment in sewage processing.
B. False A. removes solids

C. Could be False, but could also be true B. removes solids and pathogens
C. removes solids, pathogens, and nutri-
D. none of above ents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. removes solids, pathogens, nutrients,
8764. Who was first to circumnavigate and toxins
Africa?
8769. Seafloor spreading
A. They have
A. creates new ocean crust.
B. Eratosthenes
B. creates new continental crust.
C. Herodotus
C. destroys ocean crust.
D. Aristotle
D. destroys continental crust.
8765. Movements of ocean water in a contin-
uous flow are called? 8770. Water exits the sponge here

A. ocean currents
B. global winds
A. A
C. air mass
B. B
D. front
C. C
8766. What is precipitation? D. D
A. Sweat from our bodies on hot days
8771. Shadow zones confirmed the presence
B. Warm rain but not cold snow or sleet of Earth’s core.
C. Gas that we use in furnaces or ovens A. True
D. Any form of water that falls from the B. False
sky
8772. What do we call a tide that has a large
8767. Osmoregulation refers to life’s ability to range between the high and low tides?
A. regulate internal pressure A. gravity tide
B. regulate internal salt levels B. wind tide
C. regulate internal water levels C. spring tide
D. all of these are true D. neap tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 949

8773. What is the continental margin made up 8779. What is the difference between the den-
of? sity of freshwater and seawater?
A. Basalt

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A. Seawater has more salt in it, making
B. Limestone it more dense while freshwater has less
C. Granite salt in it, making it less dense.

D. Sandstone B. Freshwater has more salt in it, making


it more dense while freshwater has less
8774. Which is the most abundant salt in the salt in it, making it less dense.
ocean?
A. potassium chloride 8780. About what percentage of the Earth is
B. magnesium sulfate covered by water?
C. calcium sulfate A. 42%
D. sodium chloride B. 57%
8775. These organisms must consume their en- C. 72%
ergy.
D. 87%
A. Phytoplankton
B. Heterotrophs 8781. The following water sample will SINK
C. Autotrophs the FASTEST
D. Plants A. Hot freshwater
8776. A giant ocean wave that forms after a B. Cold freshwater
volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide
C. Hot saltwater
A. storm surge
B. tsunami D. Cold saltwater

C. tide
8782. Vast open ocean from the edge of the
D. current continental shelf outward
8777. Climate event in the Pacific Ocean when A. Oceanic Zone
surface waters are colder than normal.
B. Abyssal Zone
A. The boy
C. Neritic Zone
B. Tsunami
C. Coriolis Effect D. Photic Zone
D. The girl
8783. Organisms in the deep ocean that pro-
8778. The making of organic material from in- duce their own light are called
organic substances using chemical energy
A. bioluminescent.
A. Bacteria
B. neritic
B. Chemosynthesis
C. Decomposers C. benthic
D. Phytoplankton D. hydrothermal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 950

8784. A tentative, testable statement about 8788. incoming waves push water towards a
the general nature of a phenomenon is shoreline, which creates an imbalance of
called a/an water piling up in the surf zone
A. observation A. rip current
B. hypothesis B. longshore current
C. theory 8789. What is the name for an animal that is
D. law hunted and eaten by another animal?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. prey
8785. What is labeled (G) on the diagram B. mean
shown?
C. predator
D. decoposer
8790. What can affect salinity of the ocean’s
surface?
A. lots of precipitation
B. freshwater streams entering the
A. Continental Shelf ocean
B. Continental Slope C. high levels of evaporation
C. Continental Slope D. dumping lots of salt into the water
D. Oceanic Trench 8791. What is the difference between
E. Mid-Ocean Ridge weather and climate?
A. weather is the conditions of the at-
8786. Letter F is pointing to what seafloor fea- mosphere and climate is how the atmo-
ture? sphere acts
B. climate is the conditions of the atmo-
sphere and weather is how the atmo-
sphere acts
8792. What unit is used to express the salinity
A. Continental Shelf of ocean water?
A. Percentage
B. Continental Slope
B. Parts per hundred
C. Abyssal Plain
C. Parts per thousand
D. Trench
D. milligrams
8787. Ocean currents curl due to the rotation 8793. The total amount of salt dissolved in a
of the Earth. This is known as the: solution is called
A. gravitational effect A. Salinity
B. convergence effect B. Saltiness
C. cornucopia effect C. Pressure
D. coriolis effect D. NaCl

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 951

8794. Why are Plate Tectonics important? 8798. Which part of the ocean floor is located
A. Plate tectonics only affect the ocean at B?

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


floor
B. Plate tectonics help explain the forma-
tion of mountains, earthquakes, and vol-
canic activity.
C. Plate tectonics have no impact on the
Earth’s surface A. continental shelf
D. Plate tectonics are not related to seis- B. seamounts
mic activity
C. volcanic island
8795. Since 1997, the U.S.A. has (a) the num-
D. abyssal plain
ber of stocks (of fish) that are overfished.
A. a decreased E. mid ocean ridge
B. increased 8799. Current meter
C. made no change
D. eliminated
A.
8796. What is a mid-ocean ridge?

free-floating buoys that measure current

B.
A. Portion of ocean made up of continen-
measure the rate of flow of water
tal crust
B. Underwater volcanic mountain
C.
C. Mountain range caused by diverging
plates
collect a sample of sediment on seafloor
D. Deep valley caused by subduction

8797. Use the image to identify letter D of bar- D.


rier islands:
a net used for the capture of plankton

8800. The California Current carries water


from Canada
A. Beach
B. Dune A. Cold

C. Forest B. Warm
D. Meadow C. Freezing
E. Marsh D. Fresh

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 952

8801. Scientists who study weather and try to


predict it are called
A. astronomers
B. climatologist
C. meteorologist
D. weatherologist
A. Convergent

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8802. The warm, top layer of ocean water
B. Subduction
A. surface zone
C. Collision
B. bio-luminescence
D. Divergent
C. deep zone
8806. What role does heat play in the forma-
D. transition zone
tion of convection currents?
8803. What is the name of this line at 0 de- A. When water loses heat, it becomes
grees latitude? denser and sinks.
B. When water gains heat, it becomes
denser and sinks.
C. When water loses heat to cooler wa-
ter, the cooler water becomes denser and
sinks.
D. When water gains heat, it dissolves
A. Prime Meridian more solids and gases, becomes denser,
B. Equator and sinks.
C. North Pole 8807. The study of waves, tides, and ocean
D. South Pole currents are an example of oceanogra-
phy
8804. Name the feature for F A. physical
B. biological
C. chemical
D. geological

8808. Scientists use satellites to measure the


A. continental slope
A. ocean floor depth
B. continental shelf
B. size of underwater features
C. abyssal plain
C. sea-surface height
D. trench
D. salinity
8805. On what type of tectonic boundary does
Seafloor Spreading occur? 8809. Which is the oceanic zone?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 953

8813. How long do hydrothermal vents last?


A. 400 million years

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B. 1 year
C. 20 years
D. 100 years

A. F 8814. What does it mean for a water molecule


to be polar?
B. B
A. The water is from a polar region.
C. C
B. The water is cold.
D. D
C. There is a + and-charge on ends of the
E. E molecule.
D. The water will not mix with other water
8810. List the pieces of evidence supporting
well.
the theory of continental drift.
A. Fossil evidence, rock and mountain for- 8815. This is a picture of a
mations, and the fit of the continents’
coastlines
B. Volcanic eruptions, soil composition,
and tectonic plate movement
C. Weather patterns, ocean currents,
and seismic activity
D. Moon phases, solar eclipses, and as-
teroid impacts

8811. The great heaps of unconsolidated sedi- A. Sea lion


ment at the base of the continental slope
B. sea turtle
are known as:
C. Sea dolphin
A. the continental rise.
D. Sea tortoise
B. the abyssal hills.
8816. For this question, choose TWO answers.
C. the mid-ocean ridge.
Which students’ arguments BEST relate to
D. the mid-ocean mountains. water conservation?
A. Student 1 argues that people need wa-
8812. What is the largest ocean?
ter for recreation and transportation only.
A. Pacific
B. Student 2 argues that as the popula-
B. Atlantic tion increase in the world, so does the
need for water.
C. Southern
C. Student 3 argues that we use less wa-
D. Arctic
ter for agriculture and more for personal
E. Indian needs3

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 954

D. Student 4 argues that we are using 8821. Which of the following contributes the
more groundwater than is being produced most to salinity in the ocean?
daily. A. runoff and erosion from land
8817. What process causes liquid water to B. undersea volcanoes
evaporate from plant leaves and enter the C. hydrothermal vents at mid-ocean
atmosphere as water vapor? ridges
D. Volcanoes that are on land

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8822. What is the core made of?
A. steel
B. iron
C. aluminum
D. iron and nickel

8823. What is F
A. evaporation
B. infiltration
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
A. Trough
E. condensation
B. Wavelength
8818. I am where salt water and fresh water C. Crest
meet. What am I? D. Wave Height
A. beaches
8824. Where did the Polynesians settle?
B. inlets A. islands of the atlantic
C. estuaries B. north america
D. barrier islands C. islands of the pacific

8819. What species are the most at risk of the D. europe


negative results of ocean acidification? 8825. Greek inventor of the Latti-
A. Organisms with shells made of calcium tude/Longitude system we still use today
carbonate A. Ptomley
B. Organisms that feed on phytoplankton B. Pytheas
C. Organisms that live in acidic waters C. Eratosthenes
D. Organisms that filter feed D. none of above

8826. What are the large pieces of Earth’s


8820. Lowest point of a wave
crust that move to create earthquakes in
A. crest oceans?
B. trough A. Tectonic Plates

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 955

B. Continental Crust 8832. Animals who travel to warmer habitats


in the winter to escape the cold are using
C. Oceanic Crust
which behavioral adaptation?

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D. Lithosphere
A. Mimicry
8827. Name the feature B. Camouflage
A. Mid Ocean Ridge C. Hibernation

B. Sea Mount D. Migration

C. Trench 8833. the Gulf of Mexico records 36%o to


37%o salinity whereas it is only 34%o
D. Sea Cavern in the Gulf of California. Why?
8828. When humans burn fossil fuels, most of A. trade winds drive away saline waters
the carbon quickly enters the as carbon from the western coasts of the continents
dioxide. to the eastern coasts

A. Water B. Equatorial warm currents drive away


salts from the western coastal areas of
B. Atmosphere the continents to the eastern coastal ar-
C. Sun eas

D. Air C. Gulf of Mexico is wider than Gulf of Cal-


ifornia
8829. Whales, fish, and dolphins are consid- D. both 1st and 2nd
ered , and can be found in the zone. E. both 2nd and 3rd
A. benthic, polar
8834. What is the average percentage of dis-
B. benthic, deep solved salts in ocean water?
C. nekton, pelagic A. 35ppt
D. nekton, benthic B. 35%
C. 75%
8830. The properties of a wave include fre-
quency, wave period, wave speed, and D. 3.5%

A. temperature 8835. The synthesis of organic compounds by


certain bacteria, especially in deep-sea hy-
B. size
drothermal vents, using energy obtained
C. color from the chemical oxidation of simple inor-
ganic compounds.
D. salinity

8831. Waves are simply a transfer of


A. water
B. energy
C. heat
D. sound

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 956

A. photosynthesis B. natural gas


B. chemosynthesis C. sand
C. geochemicalsynthesis D. salt
D. astrosynthesis 8841. Which motion of the ocean travels in
large, circular motions.
8836. Surface currents
A. Waves
A. are wind-driven
B. Tides

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. are the only currents that most people
C. Currents
sea
D. none of above
C. affect about 20% of the ocean’s vol-
ume (total water) 8842. Marine Organisms can be harmed by the
D. all of these are correct slightest increase or decrease in the ocean
temperature
8837. The force that produces tides is A. True
A. gravity B. False
B. friction 8843. Which answer choice gives the best def-
C. centripetal force inition for waves?
D. acceleration A. the gravitational pull of the moon
B. wind blowing across water, transfer-
8838. This is the largest ocean covering 30%
ring energy to the water causing an up
of the surface of the Earth!!
and down motion
A. Atlantic Ocean
C. the coriolis effect causing the ocean
B. Indian Ocean water to move in an up and down motion
C. Arctic Ocean D. the differences in density causing the
D. Pacific Ocean ocean water to move in an up and down
motion
8839. What letter is B?
8844. What type of seafloor feature is a flat,
featureless plain that covers much of the
deep-ocean floor?
A. Mountain range
B. Canyon
A. Cont. Shelf C. Abyssal plain
B. Cont. Slope D. Volcanic island
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge 8845. What percent of Earth’s surface is cov-
D. Seamount ered by water?
A. 3%
8840. Which of the following resources would
you use seismic, sonar AND satellite tech- B. 30%
nologies to locate? C. 70%
A. manganese D. 97%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 957

8846. What is adhesion? 8851. What letter best points out the location
A. Attraction between two different sub- of the second largest oil spill in U.S. his-
tory?

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stances.
B. Attraction between the same sub-
stances
C. Attraction between some substances
D. No attraction between substances.

8847. How are sediments classified?


A. Letter A
A. by color and shape
B. Letter B
B. by size and origin
C. Letter C
8848. Other oceanographers may work to D. Letter D
collect/ data and specimens at sea
E. Letter E
aboard research vessels for days.
A. gather 8852. Marine organisms make their shells
from calcium and
B. begin
A. chloride
C. send
B. carbonate
D. prepare
C. seawater
E. learn
D. none of above
8849. NaCl represents
8853. As you go deeper in the water, what
A. Sodium bicarbonate happens to the water pressure?
B. Sodium carbonate A. Nothing happens.
C. Sodium Chloride B. It gets less or lower.
D. Calcium Carbonate C. It does not change.
8850. Which letter(s) represent the still water D. It gets more or higher.
line?
8854. This term is used to describe how acidic
or basic ocean water is
A. Salinity
B. pH
C. Temperature
D. Density
A. 1 8855. Where can we find micro-plastics?
B. 2 A. Arctic and Antarctic
C. 3 B. seafloor and sea surface
D. 4 C. only in the deepest sea
E. 5 D. everywhere in the ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 958

8856. Microscopic, free-floating, autotrophic B. The pressure is too great the deeper
organisms that function as producers in you go in the ocean.
aquatic ecosystems C. The temperature gets to high as you
A. phytoplankton get to the ocean floor.
B. zooplankton D. Humans are too buoyant and will float
at that depth.
8857. Seagrasses have a root system that
transports nutrients through its flesh. 8861. This is the side that gets hit by the wind.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. True A. Condensation Level
B. False B. Condensation nuclei
8858. Which of the following is a correct rea- C. Leeward
son why we should conserve fresh water? D. Windward
(Hint:there may be more than one correct
answer) 8862. What is a Surface Current
A. A surface current is a horizontal move-
ment of ocean water that is caused by un-
derwater volcanoes.
B. A surface current is a vertical move-
ment of ocean water that is caused by
tides.
C. A surface current is a horizontal move-
A. As the world’s population is increasing ment of ocean water that is caused by the
so is our need for clean drinking water moon’s gravitational pull.
B. Animals have all the water they need D. A surface current is a horizontal move-
C. We need more water for home con- ment of ocean water that is caused by
sumption than agricultural purposes wind and the Earth’s rotation.
D. We are using too much groundwater 8863. Which ocean is the largest?
from aquifers
A. Pacific Ocean
8859. The zone extends inland from the shore B. Atlantic Ocean
to as far as ocean-related features can be
C. Indian OCean
found is known as the
D. Arctic Ocean
A. wave front
E. Southern Ocean
B. beach
C. coast 8864. When water soaks the ground it be-
D. coastline comes groundwater through what pro-
cess?
8860. Why can’t humans dive beyond 50 me- A. Runoff
ters in the ocean without being in a sub-
mersible? B. Infiltration

A. There are too many predatory crea- C. Transpiration


tures that deep in the ocean. D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 959

8865. Calculate the mangrove habitat percent 8868. A(n) is found on the leading edge of
contribution to global carbon sequestra- the continent where subduction occurs.
tion. A. Active continental margin

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B. Passive continental margin
C. Deep ocean trench
D. Deep ocean basin
A. 14% E. Seamount
B. 30%
Explanation:
C. 10%
D. 20%
8869. This name is given to the shallow water
8866. Dew Point is the areas of the ocean?
A. Continental Margin Province
B. Abyssal Plains Province
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge Province
D. none of above
8870. The turning of earth makes the currents

A. temperature air cools down to reach


A. Move at an Angle
condensation (or turn into a liquid)
B. Rise
B. temperature where ice melts to liquid
water C. Decrease
C. temperature where ice turns directly D. Increase
into water vapor 8871. Scripps Institute of Oceanography is lo-
D. time of day when dew on the ground cated in
disappears

8867. What is labeled (B) on the diagram


shown?

A. San Diego
B. Massachusetts
C. Palisades
D. Seattle
8872. What type of plate boundary is respon-
A. Seamount sible for the formation of island arcs?
B. Guyot A. Divergent plate boundary
C. Volcanic Island Arc B. Transform plate boundary
D. Oceanic Trench C. Subduction plate boundary
E. Mid-Ocean Ridge D. Convergent plate boundary

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 960

8873. A strong surface current that runs along When she gets to work, she takes off the
the east coast of the United States and car- lid and notices little drops of water are on
ries warm water to Europe. the lid. What is this an example of?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. California Current A. Evaporation
B. Global Conveyor Belt B. Condensation
C. Gulf Stream C. Precipitation
D. Surface Current D. Collection
8874. Carbon dioxide levels in the ocean are 8877. Periodic rise and fall of sea level is
directly correlated to carbon dioxide lev- called the
els in the atmosphere. What would be the
A. tide
MOST likely effect of burning large stands
of rainforest? B. surface current
A. The ocean water would become more 8878. Which is NOT a basic motion of the
acidic. ocean?
B. The ocean water would dissolve gases A. waves
more easily.
B. tides
8875. Camouflage and mimicry are examples C. splashes
of adaptations.
D. currents

8879. You grab a bottle of water from the


fridge and set it on the counter. When
you come back for it 2 hours later, water
droplets have formed on the outside of the
water bottle. What is this an example of?
A. condensation
A. behavioral B. evaporation
B. special C. precipitation
C. physical D. collection
D. predatory 8880. The book Science of the seas published
8876. Sarah needs her Dunkin Donuts coffee in 1912 may have claimed as the begin-
in the morning. She brews a cup of coffee ning of modern
into her travel mug and places a lid on it. A. Chemistry

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 961

B. Navigation
C. Oceanography

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D. Exploration

8881. Where is ocean water the densest.


A. 4
A. The surface
B. The middle B. 3

C. The bottom C. 2

D. A hair road cancer D. 1

8882. The shape of a coastline surrounding an 8886. An earthquake scored high on the
ocean Richter scale but low on the Mercalli scale.
Why?
A. Basin Shape
A. it probably happened in an area with
B. Current Shape
no people
C. Coriolis Effect
B. it was a fast earthquake
D. Wind Direction
C. because it damaged a lot
8883. The following must return to land to D. impossible to tell
breed:
A. cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds. 8887. How much bigger is a magnitude 8
earthquake compared to magnitude 7 one
B. seabirds, sea turtles, and pinnipeds. on the Richter Scale?
C. sea turtles, sea snakes, and pinnipeds. A. 1 time bigger
D. sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans.
B. 10 times bigger
8884. Ocean acidification and coral bleaching C. 100 times bigger
are caused by an excess of:
D. 1000 times bigger

8888. Which current affects the Eastern United


States and Western Europe?
A. The Mid-Atlantic Current
B. The Gulf of Mexico Current
C. The Gulf Stream Current
A. Oxygen D. The Golf Current
B. Oil spills
8889. El Nino occurs when the tropical ocean
C. Nitrogen and phosphorous
waters are warmer in which ocean?
D. Carbon dioxide
A. Atlantic
8885. Which location is likely to have the B. Indian
greatest water pressure, the coldest tem-
peratures, and the smallest number of liv- C. Pacific
ing organisms? D. Arctic

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 962

8890. A(n) is a substance with a pH less 8895. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an-
than 7 swer choice best describes the first Eu-
A. Acid ropean to circumnavigate the globe from
1519 to 1521 before being killed after a
B. Alkaline month landing in the Philippines? (From
C. Base Chapter 1.2)
D. Buffer A. Ferdinand Magellan
B. James Cook

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8891. What increases the deeper you travel
underwater? C. Christopher Columbus
A. Oxygen D. Erik “the Red” Thorvaldson
B. Pressure E. Leif Eriksson
C. Salinity 8896. How does the thickness of sediment lay-
D. Temperature ers change from the mid-ocean ridge out?
A. The closer to the ridge, the thinner the
8892. True or False? The geographic equator sediment layers.
is the imaginary line marking the tempera-
ture equilibrium between the hemispheres B. The closer to the ridge, the thicker the
that shifts north and south of the geo- sediment layers.
graphic equator with seasonal changes.
8897. Location A (left side) is most likely a
A. True
A. Warm ocean current
B. False B. Cold ocean current
8893. The height of a wave depends upon C. Not enough information to answer
A. fetch, wind duration, and wind speed D. none of above
B. wind duration and wind speed 8898. According to the continental drift theory,
C. fetch and wind speed a single, huge continent once existed called
D. fetch A. Wonder.
B. Wegener.
8894. what type of sea animal is this?
C. Panthalassa.
D. Eurasia.

8899. This area of long parallel ridges located


just EAST of the Appalachian Plateau is
known as the

A. crustacean
B. mollusk
C. mammal
D. reptile

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 963

A. Piedmont Region 8904. This layer is composed of all the water


B. Valley and Ridge Region around the Earth

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C. Coastal Plain A. Lithosphere
D. Blue Ridge Mountains B. Hydrosphere

8900. Which one of the following is catego- C. Biosphere


rized as micro-plastics? D. Atmosphere

8905. What is the tidal frequency shown on


A. the red graph below?

B.

A. Diurnal
C.
B. Mixed
C. Semidiurnal
D. none of above
D.
8906. Carbon dioxide levels in the air have
changed throughout earth’s history. The
8901. Shale is an example of which of the fol- difference today is how the change is
lowing sediment types? happening.
A. Biogenous A. rapidly
B. Hydrogenous
B. slowly
C. lithogenous
C. wide spread
D. cosmogenous
D. none of above
8902. In Figure 6-1, what process is illus-
trated by the arrows labeled D? 8907. Which of the following is the major en-
vironmental concern regarding the release
A. precipitation
of methane from the sea floor to the atmo-
B. evaporation sphere?
C. runoff A. At least fifty deep-ocean floor sites
D. infiltration may contain extensive methane hydrate
deposits.
8903. The transfer of energy between algae
and herbivores is about B. Methane is created when bacteria
break down organic matter trapped in sea
A. 1 percent
floor sediments.
B. 2 percent
C. Release of large quantities of methane
C. 5 percent from the ocean causes dramatic effects
D. 10 percent on global climate.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 964

D. Sea floor methane seeps support a 8912. Which branch of oceanography studies
rich community of organisms that depend the physical aspects of the ocean?
on the methane. A. Chemical oceanography
8908. What is the average surface tempera- B. Biological oceanography
ture of the ocean? C. Geological oceanography
A. 15◦ C D. Physical oceanography
B. 30◦ C 8913. Siliceous ooze is an example of which of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the following sediment types?
8909. The measure of the amount of dissolved
A. Biogenous
salt in a given amount of water is called
B. Hydrogenous
C. lithogenous
D. cosmogenous
8914. Carbon Dioxide is found in the Air at
60 times more than the amount of Carbon
Dioxide in the Ocean.
A. True
A. solubility B. False
B. salinity 8915. When otters are removed from an
ecosystem
C. density
A. The urchin population rises
D. proximity
B. The kelp population drops
8910. What causes differences in air pres- C. The kelp gets eaten more quickly than
sure? it can regrow
A. even heating of the Earth D. All of the answers occur
B. Even cooling of the earth 8916. The Ogallala aquifer flows through
C. uneven heating of the earth states

D. global warming A. 6
B. 7
8911. How does the jet stream affect the C. 8
weather?
D. 9
A. The jet stream transports weather sys-
E. 11
tems that affect us.
B. The jet stream does not affect the 8917. How many features are there on the
weather. ocean floor?
A. 8
C. The jet stream releases oxygen into
the atmosphere. B. 12
D. The jet stream pushes the ocean and C. 3
produces the waves in the ocean. D. 4

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 965

8918. Oceanography is 8923. Air that is moving parallel to ground is


A. the science that studies the ocean called

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A. Current
B. the science that studies the earth
B. Wind
8919. Many people believe that ocean waves C. Nor’easter
move water. However, ocean waves re-
ally transfer D. Gust

A. wind 8924. The epicenter of an earthquake is


B. sand A. The point below the surface where
rock begins to break and the first motion
C. energy
occurs
D. pressure
B. The seismic station closest to the
8920. Salinity is measured in earthquake

A. parts per million C. The place where the greatest damage


occurs
B. parts per thousand
D. The point on the surface directly above
C. milligrams the focus
D. milliliters 8925. Which type of plate boundaries move
8921. Which ocean is located at number 3? BESIDE eachother?
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. none of above
8926. As the ocean becomes more acidic, the
pH of the water
A. Atlantic A. increases
B. Pacific B. decreases
C. Arctic 8927. Why does heat rise in a convection cur-
D. Indian rent?

E. Southern

8922. Alivin-This bathyscaphe was used to lo-


cate a missing H-bomb in the 19 ‘s and
to explore the mid-ocean ridge. Still used
today.
A. 30 A. less dense
B. 40 B. more dense
C. 50 C. more humid
D. 60 D. less humid

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 966

8928. Evaporation salinity. B. density


A. increases C. lithosphere
B. decreases D. asthenosphere

8929. The wooded area next to the banks of E. mantle


streams and rivers are part of the
8933. Ocean waves that move from deep sea
zone.
to shallow sea to the coast will experience
A. littoral changes in character caused by

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. limnetic A. differences in sea temperature
C. riparian B. differences in the depth of sea waters
D. profundal C. differences in sea water brightness
8930. What is the name of the surface current D. differences in sea water density
on the east coast of the US? E. differences in sea water salinity
A. California
8934. The salt that is in your salt shaker is the
B. Canaries same salt that is in our oceans?
C. Gulf Stream
D. North Atlantic Drift

8931. The moving of land by the action of


wind, water or other natural processes is
called

A. true
B. false

8935. Ocean currents affect climates around


the world. Based on the map, which area
MOST likely has a warmer climate than ex-
pected?
A. Tributary
B. Erosion
C. Divide
D. Deposition

8932. What answer choice best describes the


separation of layers based on their g/cm3
properties with water being at the top A. 1
at 1 g/cm3 and it increases as you go
B. 2
down through various layers of the Earth?
(From Chapter 1.5) C. 3
A. density stratification D. 4

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 967

8936. What is G in the picture?

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A. Barents Sea
A. Canyon
B. Black Sea
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Caspian Sea
C. Trench
D. North Sea
D. none of above
8941. What fraction best represents the
8937. The diagram represents solar energy amount of water that covers the Earth?
that is absorbed by Earth’s land and wa-
ter surfaces and is changed into heat that
radiates back into the atmosphere.What is
this process called?

A. 1/2
B. 3/5
C. 3/4
A. ozone
D. 4/5
B. radiation
C. greenhouse effect 8942. Which ocean borders North and South
America, Africa, and Europe?
D. evaporation
A. Atlantic
8938. Salinity is a measure of the amount of B. Indian
salts dissolved in the ocean.
C. Southern
A. True
D. Pacific
B. False
8943. Johnny is swimming close to the beach
8939. Cold-water seeps are communities in Newport, CA. Johnny is swimming over
based on bacteria that utilize hydrogen the
sulfide and methane.
A. continental slope
A. True
B. abyssal plain
B. False
C. mid-ocean ridge
8940. Choose the correct option D. continental shelf

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 968

8944. VERTEBRATES are in this phylum. 8949. Which variable goes on the Y-axis?
A. Cnidarian A. Independent
B. Spinalcordia B. Dependent

C. Chordata 8950. Cindi’s teacher gives her a map of the


world. On her map, Cindi draws lines
D. Mollusca
with arrows to show some of the major
8945. Otter populations have recovered to be surface currents in the oceans. Her map

NARAYAN CHANGDER
in the looks similar to this map. What conclusion
about Earth’s surface currents could some-
A. tens one draw by looking at Cindi’s map?
B. fifty range
C. hundreds
D. thousands
E. millions

8946. Trench A. Surface currents in the Eastern Hemi-


sphere flow in a counterclockwise direc-
tion.
B. Surface currents in the Western Hemi-
sphere flow in a counterclockwise direc-
tion.
C. Surface currents in the Southern Hemi-
A. 3
sphere flow in a counterclockwise direc-
B. 4 tion.
C. 5 D. Surface currents in the Northern Hemi-
sphere flow in a counterclockwise direc-
D. 6
tion.
8947. The origin of sea cliffs, sea stacks, sea 8951. the steep drop-off between the outer
caves, blowholes, and arches is related to edge of the continental shelf and the deep
A. longshore currents. ocean floor
B. high tides. A. continental shelf

C. human activities. B. guyot


C. continental slope
D. erosion by waves.
D. trench
8948. What is an instrument that measures hu-
8952. Which of the following contains the
midity?
most organic carbon on Earth?
A. wind gauge A. Fossil Fuels
B. meter gauge B. Gas hydrates
C. hygrometer C. Living organisms
D. none of the above D. Peat

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 969

8953. Which of the following currents is as- C. El Nino is a warming and La Nina is a
sociated with downslope movements of cooling of the Pacific Ocean
dense sediment-rich water?

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D. Neither are considered “storms”
A. avalanche current
B. turbidity current 8959. The most common mineral found in the
ocean.
C. density current
A. Rocks
D. longshore current
B. Salt
8954. Oceanic crust is than continental
crust C. Pepper
A. more dense D. Garlic
B. less dense
8960. Which of the following ocean features
C. no different in density is the name for transitional area between
D. varies in density the continental slope and the abyssal
plain?
8955. When is “tornado season”?
A. continental slope
A. in the spring time and early summer-
time (April-June) B. continental rise
B. spring and fall C. continental shelf
C. summer through fall D. abyssal plain
D. spring and winter
8961. What is where the? is?
8956. The large flat region of the ocean floor
and also known as the “true” ocean floor
is called the
A. ocean trench
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain
D. seamount A. continental slope
8957. Which of the following is NOT one of the B. continental rise
main oceans? C. trench
A. Pacific
D. abyssal plain
B. Arctic
C. Mediterranean 8962. Which of the following is not source of
salt in the ocean water?
D. Indian
A. Erosion
8958. Which of the following is an INCORRECT
statement about El Niño and La Niña? B. Volcanoes
A. Both occur every 2-7 years C. Hydrothermal Vents
B. Both occur in the Atlantic Ocean D. Precipitation

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 970

8963. Movement of energy through a body of 8968. Which phase or phases are the associ-
water is a ated with the lowest tidal ranges?
A. Tide A. Waxing Gibbous
B. current B. New Moon
C. wave C. Quarter Moons
D. longshore drift D. Full Moon

8969. It is any liquid that drops from the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
8964. Abyssobrotula galatheae found in
Puerto Rico Trench is what species? clouds in the sky.

A. gold fish A. Rain

B. catfish B. Snow
C. Sleet
C. eel
D. Freezing rain
D. amphibian
8970. What does the term swash mean?
8965. What is the charge of the 1 oxygen
atom in water? A. When waves rush back off the beach

A. postive B. When waves hit hard areas of rock

B. negative C. When waves rush up the beach


D. When waves make the beach disap-
C. neutral
pear
D. none of above
8971. when density increases temperature
8966. Discuss the role of surface currents in
A. increases
the transportation of pollutants in the
ocean. B. decreases
A. Surface currents do not play a role in C. stays the same
the transportation of pollutants D. none of above
B. Surface currents can transport pollu- 8972. Dinoflagellates can cause which is
tants over long distances, impacting ma- toxic to fish, shellfish and humans.
rine ecosystems and coastal areas.
C. Surface currents only transport natu-
ral substances, not pollutants
D. Surface currents cause pollutants to
remain localized and have no impact on
other areas

8967. Which of the following describes Earth?


A. Terrestrial, atmosphere, two moons A. Green TIde
B. Terrestrial, no atmosphere, no moons B. Red Tide
C. Terrestrial, atmosphere, no moons C. Malaria
D. Terrestrial, atmosphere, one moon D. Algal Bloom

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 971

8973. What are the effects of surface currents 8978. What happens to the ocean as depth in-
on global climate? creases?
A. temperature increases

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A. Surface currents have no impact on
global climate B. salinity decreases, temperature de-
B. Surface currents can transport heat creases
and affect the distribution of tempera- C. pressure decreases
ture and precipitation, impacting global
D. temperature decreases, salinity in-
climate.
creases
C. Surface currents only affect local cli-
mate 8979. I am 4000 ml down the ocean and is not
the darkest part of the ocean but dark.
D. Surface currents cause extreme
weather patterns A. Abyssal Zone
B. Twilight Zone
8974. The discovery and study of the ocean
C. Midnight Zone
floor is called
D. none of above
A. oceanography
B. meteorology 8980. A air mass is a warm air mass that
develops over the Tropics.
C. bathymetry
A. maritime
D. seismology
B. continental
8975. The equatorial belt of calms or light vari- C. polar
able winds lying between the two trade D. tropical
wind belts.
8981. Which type of water will sink?
A. Doldrums
A. Warm, less salty
B. Trade winds
B. Warm, more salty
C. Polar easterlies
C. Cold, less salty
D. Westerlies
D. Cold, more salty
8976. If a zone is “disphotic”, it means it
8982. Which type of tide occurs on the new
A. is an area with sunlight moon phase?
B. is an area with little to no sunlight A. Neap Tide
C. is an area with no sunlight at all B. Spring Tide
D. is an area with too much sunlight C. Flood Tide
D. Ebb Tide
8977. Pollution traced to a single point
8983. Aquifers are sources of
A. water shed
A. silica, which is used to make glass and
B. permeable
paper products.
C. point source pollution
B. oil, which is drilled from the aquifer
D. non-point source pollution and used to power homes.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 972

C. saltwater, which is pushed through 8988. Explain the importance of upwelling to


turbines to make energy. ocean life.
D. freshwater, which is used for drinking, A. brings nutrients from the deep ocean
bathing, and watering crops. to the surface
B. it allows animals to find new homes
8984. What percentage of the water here on
Earth is available to people who must drill C. causes density changes that circulate
a well to access fresh water? temperature

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. brings nutrients from the surface to
the deep ocean

8989. This is the zone between the tides and


the deepest part of the ocean. Where the
continental shelf begins.
A. 0.3% A. Neritic
B. 0.77% B. Oceanic
C. 2.5% C. Sunlight
D. 30.8% D. Intertidal

8985. Wind ultimately comes from 8990. A microphone used for acoustic measure-
ments in fluids.
A. solar energy
A. Echo Sounding
B. pressure differences
B. Current Meter
C. temperature differences
C. GPS
D. the tilt of the earth
D. Hydrophone
8986. Current scientific knowledge indicates E. Secchi Disk
that the most likely origin of most of
Earth’s oceans was due to 8991. Marine organisms are organized based
on where they live.
A. comets from outer space
A. True
B. release of liquid water from the core B. False
C. water vapor released from volcanic
outgassing 8992. Which of the following has the greatest
impact on tides?
D. water-bearing minerals found in mete-
A. The rotation of the Earth
orites
B. The moon
8987. Which zone would you find a coral reef? C. Salinity and temperature
A. Oceanic D. None of these options
B. Neritic
8993. This is the side that’s not get hit by the
C. Pelagic wind.
D. Intertidal A. Condensation Level

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 973

B. Condensation nuclei 8998. Water vapor released by a plant is


C. Leeward called

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A. Transpiration
D. Windward
B. Infiltration
8994. What is the latitude of the Arctic Circle? C. Runoff
A. 90 degrees N D. Condensation
B. 23.5 degrees N
8999. Anemones and corals belong in
C. 66.5 degrees W
A. Staurozoa
D. 66.5 degrees N
B. Anthozoa
8995. The correct order of astronomical bodies C. Cubozo
from youngest to oldest is: D. Scyphozoa
A. planet, solar system, galaxy
9000. Name the feature at letter H
B. solar system, planet, galaxy
C. planet, galaxy, solar system
D. galaxy, planet, solar system

8996. What happens to the density, temper-


ature, and pressure as ocean depth in- A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
creases? B. Rift Valley
A. a. the temperature increases, while C. Seamount
the pressure and density decrease. D. Trench
B. the density decreases while the tem-
9001. Which number identifies a mid-ocean
perature and pressure increase
ridge?
C. c. the temperature decreases, while
the density and pressure increase.
D. d. ocean depth has no effect on den-
sity, temperature, and pressure
A. 2
8997. Identify the ocean at location #4
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
9002. any needed substance that an organism
obtains from its environment except oxy-
gen, carbon dioxide, and water
A. Indian Ocean A. nutrient
B. Pacific Ocean B. food web
C. Arctic Ocean C. energy
D. Atlantic Ocean D. metabolic rate

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 974

9003. Use the following information 9007. What type of plate boundary is this?
to identify the name of this cur-
rent:Ocean:AtlanticHemisphere:NorthernLocation:Eastern
BasinFlows:From Pole towards Equa-
torTemp:ColdCharacter:Slow, Shallow &
Wide
A. Gulf Stream

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Canary Current
A. Plate
C. Brazil Current
B. Divergent
D. North Equatorial Current
C. Convergent
9004. What would happen to the tides if the D. Transform
Earth did not have a moon?
9008. Neap Tides occur during First and Third
A. The tides would get stronger.
Quarter Moon.
B. The tides would become weaker.
A. True
C. The tides would stay about the same. B. False
D. The tides would disappear.
9009. Seismographs are unable to pick up seis-
9005. Which ocean is the biggest? mic waves in which area of Earth?

A. Pacific A. Shadow zones

B. Atlantic B. Subduction zones

C. Indian C. Volcanic zones


D. Dead zones
D. Bunnies
9010. Which of the following is not true?
9006. Secchi :A white and black circular
disk that islowered in the water until it
disappears and reappears.

A. Seamounts indicated by 4
A. cube
B. Continental slope indicated by 1
B. sphere
C. Abyssal plain indicated by 3Abyssal
C. orb plain indicated by 3
D. Disk D. All are correct.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 975

9011. Choose the best answer choice that de- 9016. Which penguin has eyebrows?
scribes a law signed in 2006 to address A. King Penguin
the impacts on the marine environment

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B. The Rockhopper penguin
and navigation safety due to floating hu-
man waste. C. Chinstrap Penguin
A. The Marine Preservation Act D. Column penguin of A
B. The Marine Debris Act 9017. Keeping your work area neat and clean
C. The Paris Accords is important because:

D. The Montreal Protocol A. My teacher is a neat-freak


B. I won’t lose my supplies in the clutter.
9012. Natural force that creates waves.
C. It keeps the room from looking messy.
A. Salt
D. It helps prevent accidents.
B. Tsunami
9018. Volcanic island that cools and shrinks be-
C. Ocean currents neath the ocean
D. Wind A. Trenches
9013. Wants to help stop pollution of the B. Guyot
ocean C. Seamount
A. Dr. Robert Ballard D. Atoll
B. Dr. Sylvia Earle 9019. The deflection of currents due to Earth’s
C. Jacques Cousteau rotation is called the
D. Emile Gagnan

9014. Surface currents are mainly caused by

A. Rotation Effect
B. Current Effect
C. Coriolis Effect
D. Deflection Effect
A. Salinity
B. Cold and Warm Water 9020. What is responsible for the oxygen min-
imum zone (OMZ)?
C. Convection
A. Increased photosynthesis in this zone
D. Wind
B. Decreased photosynthesis in this zone
9015. Which is denser? C. More organisms respiring
A. Freshwater D. Less organisms respiring
B. Saltwater E. Both B & C

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 976

9021. Why is much of the ocean floor so diffi-


cult to see?
A. Water distorts our view of the ocean
floor.
B. The ocean floor is covered in seaweed
and other forms of plant life.
C. The ocean floor is buried under ash

NARAYAN CHANGDER
from volcanic eruptions.
D. Sunlight cannot reach that far down.

9022. The more acidic the ocean, the less (a) is A. Temperature decreases because cold
available for marine organisms to absorb water is more dense and sinks
and use to make their shells and exoskele-
B. Temperature increases because cold
tons.
water is more dense and sinks
A. a carbonate
9026. Today’s accepted theory on Pangea in-
B. carbonic acid cludes
C. carbon dioxide A. Tectonic plates
D. argon B. Drifting continents
E. ozone C. Layers of the Earth

F. water D. Conduction currents

9027. Bathypelagic refers to which ocean


9023. a source of groundwater large enough
zone?
to support a certain population
A. Mesosphere
A. reservoir
B. Midnight Zone
B. aquifer
C. Twilight Zone
C. infiltration
D. Halozone
D. surface currents E. Intertidal Zone

9024. What is the name of the process by 9028. Sediment derived from extraterrestrial
which oceanic crust sinks beneath another sources.
plate and into the mantle? A. lithogenous
A. Subduction B. biogenous
B. Seafloor spreading C. hydrogenous
C. Rifting D. cosmogenous
D. Convection 9029. Name the oceans.

9025. Ocean depth increases Salinity increases A. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian


then B. Indian, Atlantic, Misquamicut

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 977

C. Atlantic, Mediterrean, Indian 9035. It is known as ice pellets, form when


snow falls into a warm layer then melts
D. Pacific, Mediterrean, Gulf Sea
into rain and then the rain droplets falls

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into a freezing layer of air that is cold
9030. As a wave passes, how does the water
enough to refreeze the raindrops into ice
move?
pellets.
A. Parallel to the wave
A. Rain
B. Perpendicular to the wave B. Snow
C. at a 45 degree angle C. Sleet
D. In circular orbits D. Freezing rain

9031. What is the result of equatorial up- 9036. Submarine canyons occur
welling due to divergence between the A. at the poles
north and south equatorial currents? B. at the equator
A. Decreased chlorophyll a concentration C. near the continental shelf and rise
B. Increased chlorophyll a concentration D. at the mid ocean ridge
C. Stagnation of water movement 9037. Which of the following is a biogenous
D. Decrease in water temperature sediment?
A. diatom ooze
9032. Deepest part of the ocean
B. clays
A. All trenches are the same depth
C. volcanic particles
B. Sirena Deep D. beach sand
C. Challenger Deep
9038. During which two moon phases would
D. Mariana Arc you experience a neap tide?
A. full and new
9033. Most ocean waves get their energy
from B. full and first quarter

A. the sun C. first and third quarter


D. new and third quarter
B. plate movement
C. the moon’s gravity 9039. Which of the following removes carbon
from the atmosphere?
D. the wind
A. Combustion
9034. The leading cause of death relating to a B. Respiration
hurricane is due to what? C. Photosynthesis
A. Storm surge D. Death
B. Winds 9040. Which is the biggest fish of all?
C. The Eye A. bull shark
D. Rains B. nurse shark

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 978

C. great white shark

D. whale shark

9041. “jagged” to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. torn

B. mountainous

C. lunar

D. none of above

9042. What is this organisms name?

A. Fatius Arbuli

B. Giant Tube worm

C. Paper red worm A. Nansen Bottle


B. Niskin Bottle
D. Potato worm
C. Reversible Thermometer
D. Sin
9043. Choose the correct option E. Temperature and Depth Recorder

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 979

9044. What answer choice best describes nu- 9048. Passive continental margins consist of
clear energy? continental shelves, slopes, and rises in ar-
eas with underwater earthquakes.

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A. uses an isotope of Uranium, which
undergoes decay and in the process re- A. True
leases a great deal of heat
B. False
B. the product of millions of years of pres-
sure on organic matter from plants buried 9049. Coral bleaching is:
underground
C. often share space with underground
oil reserves
D. uses the momentum of moving air to
quietly turn large blades that are attached
to an electric generator

9045. What percentage of Earth’s surface is


A. an overgrowth of algae
covered by oceans?
B. when coral polyps reject the zooxan-
thellae living inside
C. a disease that attacks coral
D. how marine biologists clean up the
coral
A. 97 percent
9050. For an ocean wave to be large, wind
B. 30 percent
must blow
C. 50 percent
A. at high speed
D. 70 percent
B. over a long distance
9046. Boat technology was developed about C. for a long period of time
D. across land first, then across the
A. 4, 000 years ago
ocean
B. 40, 000 years ago
C. 400, 000 years ago 9051. Which ocean floor feature is character-
ized by its flatness and is found in the
D. 4, 000, 000 years ago deepest parts of the ocean?
9047. Sites where superheated water contian- A. Continental shelf
ing dissolved minerals and gases escapes
B. Continental slope
through fissures or vents
A. hydrothermal vents C. Abyssal plain

B. abyssal plain D. Ocean trench


C. guyots 9052. What is the origin of this sediment?
D. seamount These are tiny shells called “tests.”

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 980

9056. What is the primary cause of surface


currents?
A. Density
B. Winds
C. Salt Concentration
D. Water temperature differences
A. Lithogenous
9057. Choose the correct option

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Biogenous
C. Hydrogenous
D. Cosmogenous

9053. What type of storm front is this?

A. AUV
B. ROV
C. Side Scan Sonar
D. Underwater Camera
A. warm front
9058. Which type of plate boundaries move
B. cold front TOWARD eachother?
C. stationary front A. convergent
D. occluded front B. divergent
C. transform
9054. A[n] tide occurs when the sun is at
D. none of above
right angles to the line between Earth and
the moon. 9059. What are the benefits of the movement
A. high of currents? (select all that apply)
A. helps ships
B. neap
B. helps fisherman catch fish
C. low
C. helps beaches keep clean
D. spring
D. helps animals and others move around
9055. These are moving ridges of water on the the globe
surface of the ocean caused by wind, car- 9060. Identify the current labelled I in the fig-
rying water and energy. ure.
A. ocean waves
B. tsunamis
C. ocean currents
D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 981

A. Kuroshio Current B. Mid-Atlantic


B. Labrador Current C. Arctic Sea

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C. Mozambique Current D. Antarctic Ocean
D. North Atlantic Current
9066. Because water has a positive charge
9061. An instrument that detects and mea- and a negative charge, it is
sures earthquakes is a
A. polar
A. seismogram
B. normal
B. focus seismic map
C. negative
C. focus
D. positive
D. seismograph

9062. The process sailors use to plan their 9067. Organisms that live in the midnight
course and find their location far from land (aphotic) zone of the ocean often are ;
producers of their own light
A. technology
A. photosynthetic
B. caravel
B. bioluminescent
C. navigation
D. expedition C. pelagic
D. hydronic
9063. Which ocean has the greatest average
depth? 9068. The main difference between photosyn-
A. Atlantic thesis and chemosynthesis is:
B. Pacific A. Photosynthesis gives off carbon dox-
C. Indian ide, while chemosynthesis gives off oxy-
gen
D. Arctic
B. photosynthesis happens in the dark,
9064. What answer selection best describes while chemosynthesis happens in light
the study of waves, currents, tides,
ocean-atmospheric relationship influencing C. photosynthesis uses chemicals (hy-
weather and climate, and the study of light drogen sulfide) to make food, while
and sound transmission in the oceans? chemosynthesis uses light
(From Chapter 1.3) D. chemosynthesis uses chemicals (hy-
A. physical oceanography drogen sulfide) to make food, while pho-
tosynthesis uses sunlight
B. chemical oceanography
C. biological oceanography 9069. Charles Darwin is responsible for his fa-
mous theory of
D. geological oceanography
E. geographical oceanography A. Plate tectonics
B. The Big Bang
9065. Where would you expect to find the
highest salinity in the oceans? C. Natural Selection
A. North Atlantic D. The Cell theory

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 982

9070. The inner core is as hot as B. As you go deeper into the ocean, tem-
perature and pressure increase too much
for a body to withstand.
C. As you go deeper into the ocean, tem-
perature and pressure decrease too much
for a body to withstand.
D. As you go deeper into the ocean,
temperature increases and pressure in-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 100 ovens
creases too much for a body to withstand.
B. the surface of the sun
9075. The Twilight Zone is also known as
C. the big bang
A. a TV Show.
D. Utah in the summer
B. the Mesopelagic Zone.
9071. have many salt tolerant grasses and
C. The Hadalpelagic Zone.
a muddy bottom.
D. none of above
A. Mud Flats
B. Salt Marshes 9076. What is the mechanism behind seafloor
spreading?
C. Mangroves
A. Erosion caused by wind and water
D. Tide Pools
B. Chemical reactions between seawater
9072. Because of the Coriolis effect, ocean cur- and the ocean floor
rents in the Northern Hemisphere are de-
C. Impact of meteorites on the ocean
flected to the
floor
A. right
D. Movement of tectonic plates and the
B. left upwelling of magma from the mantle
C. north
9077. A hydrometer is used to measure
D. south

9073. Below is an example of a coastal sea


A. Sea of Japan
B. Mediterranean Sea
C. Black Sea
D. Dead Sea
E. Strait of Gibraltar

9074. Why are people not able to scuba dive A. current speed
to the deepest parts of the ocean?
B. water salinity
A. As you go deeper into the ocean,
temperature decreases and pressure in- C. water clarity
creases too much for a body to withstand. D. temperature

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 983

9078. What creepy and cool-looking deep sea 9083. The word tsunami comes from
fish is this?

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A. Viper fish
B. Clownfish
C. Barracuda
D. Angler fish
9079. Which types of currents accumulate and
removes sand, resulting in shifting barrier
islands?
A. longshore A. Japan
B. rip B. Australia
C. tides
C. Africa
D. thermohaline
D. Gurgens off Route 109!
9080. What type of boundary occurs when
two plates slide past each other? 9084. Programmed to perform a task; not
A. divergent tethered to a ship.
B. transform A. AUV
C. lateral B. ROV
D. convergent
C. Side Scan Sonar
9081. Which types of science are important for
D. Underwater Camera
studying the ocean?
A. Marine biology 9085. Which factor is MOST responsible for
B. Water chemistry the ocean tides?
C. Geology A. the wind
D. All of the above
B. earthquakes
9082. What type of event will occur at this C. the moon’s gravity
boundary?
D. density differences in water

9086. Ocean currents are important as they

A. Keep water moving continuously


around the Earth.

A. Earthquake B. Distribute nutrients, oxygen and tem-


perature differences aroud the Earth
B. Volcano Eruption
C. Tornado C. Allow organisms to migrate efficiently
D. Mountain Building D. All answers are correct

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 984

9087. Go to Chlorophyll-a in Temperate Zones 9092. an organism at the apex of a trophic


of the Ocean-Application | Data Explo- pyramid
rations (rutgers.edu) and answer the ques-
A. top consumer
tion:This dataset was collected from every
location except B. primary consumer
A. Northern Hemisphere Pacific Ocean C. top producer
(Endurance) D. primary producer
B. Southern Ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9093. Which of the following is an exotic sedi-
C. Southern Hemisphere Atlantic Ocean
ment type found in least abundance in the
(Argentine Basin)
oceans?
D. Northern Hemisphere Atlantic Ocean
(Pioneer) A. cosmogenous sediments
B. lithogenous sediments
9088. Which type of plate boundary is associ-
ated with mountain building? C. hydrogenous sediments
A. Convergent D. biogenous sediments
B. Divergent
9094. Geologic processes add various gases
C. Transform into the seawater, is one that is the
D. none of above primarily added in because of those pro-
cesses.
9089. The gently sloping underwater surface
A. nitrogen
extending from the shoreline is called?
A. gyres B. methane

B. mid-ocean ridge C. oxygen


C. continental slope D. argon
D. continental shelf 9095. The salinity of the Mediterranean Sea
9090. What answer choice best describes the is greater than that of the Atlantic Ocean.
oil cleanup method where agents are This means that, compared to the Atlantic
sprayed, but can create tarballs floating in Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea is-
water, that are dangerous to marine or- A. wider
ganisms?
B. deeper
A. Chemical Stabilization by Elastomizers
C. cooler
B. Natural Recovery
D. saltier
C. Bioremediation
D. Manual Labor 9096. This is the boundary between the conti-
E. Dispersants nental shelf and the bottom of the ocean.
A. Continental rise
9091. All of the carbon in existence is continu-
ally recycled in the carbon cycle B. Continental fall
A. True C. Continental slope
B. False D. Continental margin

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 985

9097. The hadal zone is found at point: B. Blue


C. Green

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D. Yellow
9100. What is the principal source of dissolved
substances in the oceans?
A. weathering
A. G B. infiltration
B. D C. outgassing
C. F D. evaporation
D. E
9101. These are created by tectonic plate ac-
9098. What seafloor feature is marked with tivity on the ocean floor.
the letter D? A. Ocecan cuurents
B. Tsunami
C. Lake
D. Ocean

A. Deep ocean trench 9102. A group of students developed a model


to represent the different zones of an
B. Submarine Canyon ocean.Which factor prevents the growth of
C. Mid-ocean Ridge aquatic plants in the aphotic zone?
D. None of the above

9099. *Check out this picture. Which layer has


the lowest density?

A. absence of tides
B. absence of sunlight
C. underwater volcanoes
D. salinity of water
9103. What causes ocean currents in the
Northern Hemisphere to curve to the
right?
A. Earth’s orbit around the Sun
B. Earth’s spinning on its axis
C. Earth’s magnetic field
A. Red D. Earth’s force of gravity

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 986

9104. Which of the following statements is 9108. The top part of a tsunami wave is called
true of surface ocean currents? the
A. Surface currents form circular pat- A. trough
terns in the major ocean basins called B. crest
“gyres.”
C. shoal
B. Surface currents transport cold water
D. tidal wave
toward the poles.
9109. What is the primary cause of ocean

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Surface currents transport warm wa-
ter toward the equator. waves?
A. upwelling
D. Surface currents concentrate warm
water in the center of the gyre at mid lati- B. wind
tudes. C. density differences in ocean water

9105. A bottle like vessel that rotates ninety D. temperature differences in ocean wa-
degrees when ¾ of it is flooded. ter

A. Kingfisher 9110. The currents in the northern hemisphere


move
B. FLIP
A. North to south
C. Glomar Challenger
B. South to North
D. Meteor
C. Clockwise
9106. Which letters clearly point to the littoral D. Counter Clockwise
zone in this river?
9111. if more than 30% of an area’s sediment
is made up of biogenous particles, it is
called a(n)
A. ooze
B. slush
C. mud

A. A B D. silt

B. B C 9112. The white cliffs of Dover in England are


composed of which type of biogenous sed-
C. C A
iment?
D. D B A. Radiolarian ooze
9107. What major feature of the ocean floor B. Diatom ooze
circumnavigates the Earth? C. Foraminiferal ooze
A. mid oceanic ridge D. Coccolithophore ooze
B. continental slope 9113. What are clouds made of?
C. trench A. dry air
D. sea mount B. water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 987

9114. A flat plain on the ocean crust is a 9120. Which ocean is the largest ocean?
A. active margin A. Atlantic

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B. passive margin B. Artic
C. Pacific
C. abyssal plain
D. Indian
D. continental divide
E. Antarctic or Southern Ocean
9115. During neap tides, the gravitational ef- 9121. When an object or substance is warmer,
fects of the sun and moon together. its particles move faster and get fur-
A. do not add ther apart (Tip for remembering:they are
warmer and want to get cooler by moving
B. are added away from one another) True or False
C. increase
D. don’t change

9116. Bioluminescence is the ability some crea-


tures have to create their own light.
A. True
A. True
B. False B. False
9117. Because water can hold a large amount 9122. Where are oceanic garbage patches lo-
of heat, which effect do oceans have on cated?
nearby land areas? A. north atlantic
A. They prevent rapid extreme tempera- B. south atlantic
ture changes. C. indian
B. They lower the freezing point of fresh D. north pacific
water.
E. south pacific
9118. Largecircular movements of surface cur- 9123. High Pressure is associated with this
rents type of weather
A. CoriolisEffect
B. Gyres
C. Wind
D. Waves

9119. The Gulf Stream nearby land areas.


A. cools
A. Cloudy/Overcast Weather
B. causing freezing in B. Cold Weather
C. warms C. Warm Weather
D. causes rain in D. Fair Weather

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 988

9124. Deep water density currents occur due


to variations in
A. temperature and salinity
B. pressure and temperature
C. salinity and pressure
D. water quality

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9125. What is structure A?

A. Temperature decreases because cold


water is more dense and sinks
B. Temperature increases because cold
water is more dense and sinks
9129. Historical Ocean Explorers:According to
the textbook, what answer choice best
A. Continental Shelf
describes the first Mediterranean people
B. Continental Slope known to have developed the art of navi-
gation? (From Chapter 1.2)
C. Continental Rise
A. Phoenicians
D. Guyot
B. Eratosthenes
9126. A is a coral reef that is touching the C. Claudius Ptolemy
edge of an island. D. Vikings
A. fringing reef E. Pytheas
B. barrier reef 9130. Runoff picks up whatever is on the
ground including
C. atoll
A. fertilizer and pesticides
D. None of the above
B. household chemicals and soap from
washing cars
9127. Which type of ocean movement can be
described as the rise and fall of sea level, C. chemicals from factories
mostly due to the gravitational influence D. oil
of the moon?
E. all the above
A. Current
9131. Earth as a whole is in thermal equilib-
B. Wave rium, but different latitudes are not. Mov-
ing masses of air and ocean currents trans-
C. Tide
port energy from locations with a surplus
D. none of above to those with a deficit. That means there
is a net heat from latitudes within 30
9128. Ocean depthincreases and salinityin- degrees above and below the equator, but
creases then a net heat greater than 30 degrees.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 989

9135. What type of continental margin is pic-


tured on the RIGHT?

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A. Active Margin
A. gain; loss B. Passive Margin
B. gain; gain
C. loss; loss 9136. What does oceanography study?

D. loss; gain A. Atmospheric sciences

9132. Identify the seafloor feature at location B. Physical, chemical, biological, and ge-
1 ological aspects of the ocean
C. Astronomy
D. Land-dwelling sciences

9137. Choose the correct option

A. continental slope
B. continental shelf
C. abyssal plain
D. guyot
9133. An object in the ocean is bobbing up and
A. Arctic Ocean
down in a circular motion but the of
the wave is moving forward. B. Atlantic Ocean
A. density C. Indian Ocean
B. energy D. Pacific Ocean
C. salinity
E. Southern Ocean
D. object
9138. a deep valley in the middle of a mid-
9134. Which of the following is one of the ge-
ocean ridge where new ocean crust is
ographic ocean names?
formed.
A. Antarctic Ocean
A. rift valley
B. Indian Ocean
C. Mediterranean Ocean B. continental slope

D. Gulf of Alaska C. trench


E. Gulf of Mexico D. seamount

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 990

9139. If you were sailing a ship from England


to Canada, would you seek out or avoid
the Gulf Stream?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 1
A. Avoid B. 2
B. Seek Out C. 3
D. 4
9140. What is another word to describe the
water found in an estuary like the Chesa- 9144. Unlike other fish, sharks have skeletons
peake Bay? made of rather than bone.
A. Organic A. Muscle
B. Brackish B. Tissue
C. Polluted C. Cartilage
D. Clear D. Skin

9141. These animals would be at the top of 9145. Terrigenous sediment is another name
the food chain. for which of the following?

A. producers A. Biogenous
B. Hydrogenous
B. 1st level consumers
C. lithogenous
C. phytoplankton
D. cosmogenous
D. top predators
9146. This graph shows a
9142. What is the name given to the stream-
like movements of water in the ocean?
A. Wave
B. Tide
C. Current
D. Tsunami A. thermohaline circulation
B. halocline
9143. The diagram shows a model of the ocean
C. pycnocline
floor. Which number identifies the conti-
nental slope? D. thermocline

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 991

9147. Which of the following is not a source B. A small body of water surrounded by
of deep water in the ocean? land

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A. Subtropical convergences C. A large body of water surrounded by
land
B. Arctic convergence
D. A small body of water over an ocean
C. Northern subpolar latitudes
basin
D. Southern subpolar latitudes
9154. Warm ocean currents generally come
9148. A is a type of local wind that occurs from
during the daytime. A. The North Pole
A. Sea Breeze B. The South Pole
B. Land Breeze C. The Equator
9149. P and S waves travel through ALL types D. Both North and South Poles
of material.
9155. Deep Ocean currents are a result of
A. True
B. False

9150. What are areas where freshwater


meets saltwater called?
A. wetlands
B. estuaries
A. Global Wind Patterns
C. coastal byways
B. Earth’s Rotation
D. intertidal zones
C. Density
9151. What percentage of water on earth do D. All of the above
the oceans contain?
9156. What is the purpose of the Clean Water
A. 97% Act of 1972?
B. 91%
C. 81%
D. none of above

9152. streamlike movements of water


A. Ocean Current
B. Crest
C. Deep Current
D. Wave Period
A. Allows the government to regulate air
9153. What is the definition of an ocean? emissions
A. A large body of water over an ocean B. Allows the government to regulate pol-
basin lution into water

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 992

C. Help restore Oysters A. high oxygen levels / low nutrient con-


D. To force teachers to clean the bay tent / clear
B. low oxygen levels / high nutrient con-
9157. You put 20mL of freshwater on a scale tent / cloudy
and its mass is 19g. What is its density?
C. scarce oxygen levels / high nutrient
A. 44.45 g/mL content / green
B. 20 g/mL D. high oxygen levels/ high salinity / salty

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 1.05 g/mL
9161. Why do currents on the western coast
D. 0.11 g/mL of most continents contain mostly cold wa-
ter?
9158. As depth increases
A. Because they originate at the equator
A. Things become shallow
B. Because they originate at the poles
B. temperature decreases, pressure in-
creases, and light decreases C. Because of deep undercurrents of
saline water circulating the globe
C. It is more salty
D. Because of a strong land breeze origi-
D. An Ocean Current
nating off the coast, cooling the water
9159. MYSTERY Explanation:It is cold because the water
came from the poles (the coldest waters
A. A particular discipline dealing with
on the planet)
measurable or systematic principles
rather than intuition or natural ability. 9162. What is responsible for changing the di-
B. The periodic change of the sea level. rection of water once it meets land?
C. Something unexplainable A. The boy
D. A building where professional duties B. Coriolis Effect
are performed. C. Surface current
E. An established organization, which D. Continental deflection
dedicated to education, public service, or
9163. Who is credited with proposing the hy-
the care of the destitute.
pothesis of Continental Drift?
9160. An oligotrophic lake is a lake with , A. Harry Hess
as a result of These lakes have little
B. Galileo Galilei
algae and consequently very water,
with high drinking-water quality. C. Alfred Wegener
D. Isaac Newton
E. Albert Einstein
9164. This illustration is best known as

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 993

A. oceanography 9170. The bending of waves so that they move


B. water columns nearly parallel to the shoreline

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C. sea floor profile A. Wave Reflection

D. sea floor mapping B. Wave Refraction


C. Wave Currents
9165. Sediments that are poorly sorted were
most likely deposited by D. none of above

A. a glacier 9171. Who first drew a map of the ancient


B. a delta world on flat paper that showed the Earth
as a sphere?
C. organisms
A. Ptolemy
D. wind
B. Plato
9166. Why is there high salinity in the C. Petrarchus
Mediterranean Ocean?
D. Sophocles
A. high precipitation rates
9172. Which is NOT a type of aquatic ecosys-
B. high evaporation rates
tem?
C. volcanoes
A. ocean
D. deposition
B. estuary
9167. An organized journey C. monastery
A. expedition D. wetland
B. navigation
9173. Large volcanoes on the seafloor that are
C. navigate around cone-shaped on top because they never
D. empire reached sea level are called
A. seamounts
9168. What happens to plastic waste?
B. mantle plumes
A. It is a biodegradable material so it
eventually disintegrates C. tablemounts
B. It never fully goes away, it just breaks D. hotspots
into little pieces
9174. A flat area of the ocean floor, covered
C. There is no such thing as plastic waste, with sand, mud, and plant and animal re-
all plastic is recycled mains
D. It is dumped in the ocean for fish to eat A. Continental Shelf
9169. The study of rocks, soil, and minerals B. Continental Slope
that make up the ocean floor C. Abyssal Plain
A. Physical Oceanography D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Geological Oceanography 9175. Are Depositional Shore Features flat or
C. Chemical Oceanography drop off like a cliff?
D. Biological Oceanographyer A. steep

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 994

B. curved A. has a lot of moisture


C. angled B. gets warm
D. flat C. rises
9176. The upward motion of ocean water is D. sinks
called an upwelling.
9181. The distance from crest to crest is called
A. true
the:
B. false

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. trough
9177. Chemical Oceanography is the study of B. wave height
C. wavelength
A. marine life and their ecosystems.
D. crest
B. the composition of seawater, including
the amount of salt dissolved. 9182. The circulation of hot and cold fluids (liq-
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes uids and gases)
and mountains. A. convection
D. ocean currents and motions of the B. radiation
ocean.
C. density
9178. The pressure of the atmosphere during
D. temperature
a tropical cyclone is:
A. Much lower than average due to air ris- 9183. What ocean floor feature is a gently
ing upwards sloping shelf of land just off the shoreline?
B. About average due to increased winds A. Abyssal Plain
C. Much higher than average due to air B. Continental Shelf
rising upwards
C. Trench
D. Much lower than average due to air
pressing downwards D. Continental Slope

9179. Special tides:Large tidal range = , 9184. Deep currents are caused by differences
small tidal range = in the ocean water.
A. Large = Spring, Small = Neap A. eutrophication of
B. Large = Neap, Small = Spring B. sun’s effect on
9180. Cold air at the poles. C. density of
D. salinity of

9185. This occurs when heat is added, water


turns into a gas.
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. transpiration
D. crystallization

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 995

9186. Active continental margins are charac- 9191. Which area on the diagram most likely
terized by which of the following? has water with the highest salinity?

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A. Shallow coastal waters
B. Sparse earthquake activity
C. Deep-sea trenches
D. No sediment accumulation

9187. The Bathypelagic Zone is also known as


the Zone.
A. W
A. Sunlight
B. X
B. Midnight
C. Y
C. The Trenches
D. Z
D. none of above
9192. What is the name of the layer of the
9188. This layer of Earth is the thickest part ocean that has the most life?
A. crust
B. outer core
C. mantle
D. inner core

9189. Historical Ocean Explorers:What an-


swer choice best describes the English nav- A. Midnight (bathypelagic)
igator who extensively explored the Pa- B. Twilight (mesopelagic)
cific before being killed in Hawaii during a
skirmish with the indigenous people there C. Sunlight (epipelagic zone)
in 1779? (From Chapter 1.2) D. Abyss (abyssopelagic)
A. Ferdinand Magellan 9193. Oceanic crust is
B. James Cook A. Younger and less dense than continen-
C. Christopher Columbus tal crust
D. Erik “the Red” Thorvaldson B. Thinner, younger and more dense than
continental crust
E. Leif Eriksson
C. Older, thicker and less dense that con-
9190. the amount of dissolved salt in a body tinental crust
of water(average seawater is 3.5% salt
D. Bigger and younger than continental
or 35, 000 ppm, tap water has <100 ppm)
crust
A. continental shelf
9194. The four principal ocean basins (plus an
B. salinity
additional ocean) on Earth are the
C. abyssal plain A. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and
D. continental slope Arctic Oceans

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 996

B. Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and 9199. Chemicals released from an Industrial
Southern Oceans Plant directly into a river can cause dam-
C. Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediter- age to the environment. This is considered
ranean, and Pacific Oceans a type of pollution called.

D. Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian,


and Pacific Oceans

9195. Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone

NARAYAN CHANGDER
by
A. rivers
B. coastal erosion
C. local biological activity A. a Point pollution source
D. All of the above are sources of sedi- B. a Non-Point pollution source
ment in the coastal zone.
C. a recyclable pollution source
9196. Which term below describes the Gulf
Stream? D. a geothermal pollution source

A. warm ocean current. 9200. Why do so many species live in the Ner-
B. small ocean current itic Zone?
C. circular ocean current A. Sunlight & lots of nutrients
D. weak ocean current B. High salinity & low levels of sunlight
9197. Which of the following is NOT one of C. Low pressure and cold temperatures
the air properties that meteorologists use
D. High pressure & lots of sun
to help predict weather?
A. Temperature 9201. What is the primary mechanism of
B. Air pressure transport for red clay deposits in the
pelagic zone below the carbonate compen-
C. Wind direction
sation depth (CCD)?
D. Radiation
A. Volcanic eruption
9198. Current #1 is called and it is
B. Winds and Ocean Currents
C. Wind erosion
D. Biological uplift

9202. Toxic runoff can pollute a stream and


also
A. produce acid rain.
A. California Current; warm
B. California Current; cold B. cause soil erosion.
C. Gulf Stream; warm C. create algae blooms.
D. Canary Current; cold D. pollute groundwater.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 997

9203. Identify the Safety Symbol 9209. North of the equator, ocean currents
move in which direction?
A. Pirates

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B. Poison
C. Skull and Crossbones
D. Skeleton

9204. Clouds formed as air moves up the side


of mountains and cools
A. clockwise
A. Mountain clouds
B. counterclockwise
B. Frontal clouds
C. up
C. Convection clouds
D. down
D. Fog
9210. What step of the water cycle causes
9205. A sounding device used to measure the
clouds to form?
depth of the ocean is called
A. Precipitation
A. radar
B. long rope with a weight B. condensation

C. sonar C. evaporation

D. aqualung D. transpiration

9206. The amount of salt in the ocean water. 9211. In what zone of the ocean do you find
most marine life?
A. Salinity
A. sunlight zone
B. salt
B. twilight zone
C. pepper
C. the abyss
D. dirt
D. the trenches
9207. What drives most deep ocean currents?
9212. Feature B could become a volcanic island
A. Winds one day if it rises above sea level
B. Tides
C. Changes in water density
D. Rotation of the Earth

9208. Ocean Data View was designed by


A. Reiner Smith A. trench
B. Reinher Smith B. seamount
C. Pure slasher C. continental slope
D. Reinher Schlitzer D. abyssal plain

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 998

9213. Which area has the greatest water pres- 9218. Radiolarians and diatoms (both microor-
sure on marine life? ganisms with silicon based shells) are both
A. bathroom examples of

B. Talk
C. Abyssal
D. Intertidal

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9214. The deepest parts of the seafloor tend
to be the youngest oceanic crust.
A. True
A. sources of siliceous oozes
B. False
B. near large animals
9215. During the event pictured at number 2, C. sources of calcerous oozes
which of the following would occur?
D. only found on land

9219. This occurs during a full or new moon


phase, when the gravitational pull from
the sun is combined with the gravitational
pull of the moon, and high tides are very
high, and low tides are very low.
A. Neap Tide
A. The northern hemisphere would re-
ceive the most direct sunlight B. Spring Tide
B. The northern hemisphere would expe- 9220. It is a branch of science that deals with
rience the longest day the atmosphere of a planet particularly
C. The southern hemisphere would expe- that of the earth, the most important ap-
rience the longest day plication of which is the analysis and pre-
diction of weather.
D. The sun’s rays would be focused most
directly on the equator A. Meteorology

9216. The average depth of Earth’s oceans is B. Oceanography


3800 meters. C. Geography
A. true D. Bibliography
B. false
9221. Polynesians:
9217. Wave height is a measure of the dis- A. sailed in the Mediterranean
tance between
B. sailed in the North Atlantic
A. two wave crests
C. Were the earliest known open ocean
B. wavelength and wave period seafarers
C. a wave’s crest and the ocean surface D. were the first to circumnavigate the
D. a wave’s crest and trough world

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 999

9222. How would climate be impacted if there 9227. Approximately of the volume of an
were no surface ocean currents? iceberg is exposed above sea level.

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A. Climate would not be impacted A. 10%
B. The hot regions would be less hot, the
cold regions would be less cold B. 30%
C. The hot regions would be more hot, the C. 50%
cold regions would be more cold
D. 90%
D. none of above
9223. If you wanted the salinity of water to 9228. In what ocean zone do coral reefs
increase what would need to happen? grow?
A. Precipitation A. estuarial zone
B. Evaporation
B. intertidal zone
C. Condensation
D. Nothing C. neritic zone

9224. Calcite dissolves more readily in seawa- D. oceanic zone


ter that is in temperature and in
pressure 9229. Sandstone is an example of which of the
A. colder; lower following sediment types?
B. warmer; lower A. Biogenous
C. colder; higher B. Hydrogenous
D. warmer; higher
C. lithogenous
9225. he vertical distance between trough and
crest is 1.7m. What is the measuring? D. cosmogenous

9230. Underwater mountains are called:


A. abyssal hills
B. volcanoes
C. deep ocean mound
D. seamounts
A. wave length
B. wave height 9231. A factor in an experiment that can be
9226. Which of these is a fast current that changed.
moves along the ocean floor? A. variable
A. Rip current
B. control
B. Turbidity current
C. Longshore current C. observation
D. Turtle current D. hypothesis

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1000

9232. Identify the current labelled B in the fig- 9236. What are the components of a tide
ure. pool?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Current Needles
A. Rocks
B. Alaska Current B. Water
C. Antarctic Subpolar Current C. Plants Animals
D. Antilles Current D. All the above

9233. Which term/s mean some light, but not 9237. What is the definition for salinity?
enough light for photosynthesis? A. A measure of the salt concentration of
water
A. photic
B. A measure of how much salt animals
B. euphotic need to survive
C. aphotic C. None of these are correct
D. disphotic D. All the answers are correct (excluding
E. twilight zone the option “None of these are correct”)
9238. In this image of the ocean floor lines
9234. top of a wave is called the are pointing to many geographic features.
Which line points to a region of the ocean
called the abyssal plain?

A. crest
A. 1
B. trough B. 3
C. wavelength C. 6
D. waveheight D. 7

9235. Where is most water found on Earth? 9239. What type of dangerous currents move
outward from a beach?
A. glaciers
A. long shore current
B. lakes B. rip current
C. rivers C. inshore current
D. oceans D. gyre

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1001

9240. Which tidal pattern has two high tides C. Siliceous ooze
and two low tides each day? D. Calcareous ooze

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A. mixed
9245. What is the lowest part of a wave
B. semidiurnal
called?
C. diurnal
A. Bottom
D. bidiurnal
B. Crest
9241. a catastrophic, global event in which ma- C. Beaker
jor groups of species perish abruptly
D. Trough
A. mass extinction
B. extinction 9246. an area where groundwater fills up all
pores in the soil
C. rapture
A. zone of saturation
D. apocalypse
B. recharge zone
9242. coalhas the highest carbon content
and a metallic luster in appearance. C. zone of aeration
D. none of above

9247. What level of beaufort scale is High


waves (6-7 m) with dense foam. Wave
crests start to roll over. Considerable
spray.
A. Strong Gale
B. Fresh Gale
A. anthracite C. Whole Gale/Storm
B. lignite D. Violent storm
C. sub-bituminous
9248. A hill that forms from deposited sedi-
D. bituminous
ment at the base of a continental shelf.
9243. What phases does the moon have to be A. Continental Rise
in for a spring tide to occur?
B. Foothill
A. full moon and new moon
C. Oceanic Plateau
B. first and full moon
D. Trench
C. 1st and 3rd quarter
D. new moon and 1st 9249. Two equal high and low tides daily is
considered
9244. These types of sediments are biogenic in
A. mixed
origin and are composed of the soft parts
of decomposing animal and plant life. B. diurnal
A. Pelagic red clay C. semidiurnal
B. Glacial sediments D. slack

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1002

9250. The deepest ocean trench in the world is 9255. In urban development, which is better
the Mariana Trench.How deep is it? for the environment?
A. 8848 metres below sea level,
B. 12, 848 metres below sea level
C. 10, 994 metres below sea level
D. 6, 994 metres below sea level

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9251. The largest daily tidal range occurs dur-
ing which type of tide?
A. Green filter
A. spring tide
B. Grey funnel
B. neap tide
C. Blue filter
C. flood tide
D. none of above
D. ebb tide

9252. High pressure cells are associated with 9256. What causes a storm surge?
what type of weather? A. A local rise in sea level due to the
A. Raw conditions-cloudy, rainy and moon’s gravitational pull
windy B. A warm water current from the Tropics
B. Relatively fine-Calm conditions but C. A giant ocean wave after a volcanic
very windy eruption
C. Fine weather-low winds-calm condi- D. A local rise in sea level near the shore
tions caused by strong winds from a storm
D. Cloudy but no rain or wind.
9257. During the Middle Ages, Arabs were
9253. A gentle sloping, shallow area of the able to travel to Southeast Asia and India
ocean floor that extends outward from the by using the ?
edge of the continent
A. Indian Ocean monsoon winds
A. Abyssal Plain
B. Atlantic Ocean monsoon winds
B. Continental Shelf
C. Westerlies
C. Continental Rise
D. Easterlies
D. Continental Slope

9254. Which province of Virginia contains 9258. What must organisms living close to
rolling hills that are underlain by ancient land, along the continental shelf, do to sur-
igneous and metamorphic rocks? vive?

A. Piedmont A. change fresh water to salt water

B. Coastal Plain B. adapt to darker conditions


C. Appalachian Plateau C. adjust to changing conditions
D. Blue Ridge D. float to deep currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1003

9259. As you travel from the inner core to the 9263. How does ocean acidification impact ma-
crust, how would temperature, pressure rine calcifiers?
and density of the material change?

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A. It weakens their shells and bodies
A. The would all increase B. It makes their food die
B. The would all decrease. C. It makes the water too warm for them
C. Nothing, the layers are made of the D. It adds too much weight to their shells
same material throughout
9264. Which is NOT a way to map the ocean
D. Temperature would decrease, but floor?
pressure and density would increase
A. Sonar
9260. Sediments that begins as rocks on conti- B. Submersibles
nents or island is called
C. Satellites
A. biogenous sediment
D. Cruise Ships
B. hydrogenous sediment
C. cosmogenous sediment 9265. One factor that may have influenced
Polynesians to migrate eastward across
D. lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment the Atlantic Ocean may have been
9261. This boundary moves away from an- A. They enjoyed sailing
other boundary. B. They were carried out to sea by waves
A. divergent C. They want to begin a new colony
B. convergent D. They were searching for food
C. transform
9266. Which of the following salinity would
D. none of above cause the worst electricity flow?
9262. A pH of 3 is how much more acidic than A. 5 ppt
a pH of 6? B. 100 ppt
C. 1000 ppt
D. 10 ppt
9267. Who published the first good chart of
the Gulf Stream?
A. 10 A. H.H. Hess
B. 30 B. Benjamin Franklin
C. 300 C. Matthew F. Maury
D. 1000 D. Sir James Clark Ross

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1004

9268. Human activities that have contributed A. evaporation


to shoreline erosion include
B. freezing of the surface of the water
A. building of dams across the rivers car-
rying sediment to the shore. C. upwelling
B. construction of jetties along the beach D. squeezing solids out of the ice down
that slow the longshore current system. into the water below
C. placement of seawalls along the shore-
9272. Name the floor feature:the deepest part
line.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
of the ocean
D. all of these.
A. trench
9269. Deep, steep-sided valleys that originate
B. mid-oceanic ridge
on the continental slope and may extend to
the ocean basin floor are called C. seamount
A. slope canyons D. mountain
B. abyssal plains
C. submarine canyons 9273. The Gulf Stream is a warm current.

D. trenches A. Yes

9270. Choose one statement that is true of the B. No


above charts.
9274. Which boundary would the San Adreas
Fault be located at?
A. divergent
B. convergent
C. transform
A. The average temperatures throughout D. eastern
the year were slightly warmer in 1901-
1930. 9275. Explorer who discovered Antarctica,
B. The average temperatures throughout Australia, and Hawaii
the year were slightly cooler in 1901-
A. Magellan
1930.
B. Cook
9271. Which of the following causes water
from deep currents to rise to the surface C. Maury
to replace warm currents? D. none of above

9276. During winter months, monsoon winds


over the Indian Ocean
A. flow from land to sea and are dry
B. flow from land to sea and are wet
C. flow from sea to land and are dry
D. flow from sea to land and are wet

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1005

9277. What is the scientific study of the 9282. The picture provided shows an ocean
ocean? bay food chain. Sea otters move into the
ocean bay. They eat all of the sea urchins.

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. Seaology
This change will cause the
B. Oceanology
C. Oceanography
D. Seaography

9278. Which atom in a water molecule has a


slightly negative charge? A. kelp to have less food.
A. Hydrogen B. crabs to have more food.
B. Oxygen C. sea ducks to have less food.
C. Carbon D. arctic foxes to have more food.

D. none of above 9283. 90% of the ocean belongs in this ocean


layer. What is it?
9279. Submerged volcanic peaks that dot the
ocean floor. A. sunlight

A. Seamounts B. twilight

B. Continental Shelf C. midnight

C. Barrier Islands D. none of above

D. Continental Margin 9284. Currents we can see from the top and
go down to 1 kilometer are called
9280. who is Charles darwin
A. Deep
A. starbucks owner
B. Divergent
B. a bird
C. Surface
C. a christian
D. Convergent
D. a naturalist
9285. What is letter A?
9281. Which part of the ocean floor is located
at D?

A. continental shelf
B. seamounts
C. volcanic island
D. abyssal plain
E. mid ocean ridge A. Crest

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1006

B. Trough 9290. Layer of water that shows rapid in-


crease in salinity; 100 to 200 meters
C. Resting Position
deep.
D. Peak
A. halocline
E. Tray
B. thermocline
9286. These currents run at an angle parallel C. pycnocline
to the beach.
D. doldrums

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. whirlpool
B. undertow 9291. Hard water contains large amount of
?
C. sandbar
A. Sodium
D. longshore current
B. Lead
9287. The combined forces of the gravity of C. Calcium
the sun and moon produce this tide that
has greatest difference between consecu- D. Chlorine
tive low and high tides.
9292. As salinity increases

A. Spring Tide
A. Density increases
B. Neap Tide
B. Density decreases
9288. As density increase what happens to
salinity? 9293. Where does seafloor spreading occur?
A. salinity increases A. at convergent plates
B. salinity decreases B. near the ocean surface
C. salinity remains constant C. on seamounts
D. none of above D. at divergent plates

9289. Which of the following processes is con- 9294. A tide with the SMALLEST difference be-
nected to groundwater? tween high and low tide is called a
A. Evaporation A. spring tide
B. Precipitation B. neap tide
C. Infiltration C. rip tide
D. Condensation D. monthly tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1007

9295. The Earth’s rotation influences currents C. the water will create a lake
by a force [or acceleration, to be correct] D. the glaciers will release more water to
known as

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


the oceans
A. Discovery rotation
9300. Reached the southern tip of Africa,
B. geotrophism founded Cape of Good Hope
C. gyral rotation A. Bartholomew Diaz
D. Coriolis effect B. The Phoenicians
9296. Oceanic crust is made of C. The Vikings
A. granite that is very dense D. Herodotus
B. basalt that is less dense than continen-
9301. The pleated throat of many baleen
tal crust
whales is used like an expanding accordion
C. basalt and is denser than continental to draw in large amounts of water and
crust food.
D. andesite not very dense A. True
9297. A large area of land is called a B. False

9302. The deepest spot in the ocean is the Mar-


iana Trench.
A. True
B. False

9303. Insects that filter out suspended plant


matter from the water are called
A. continent A. shredders
B. ocean B. omnivores
C. globe C. scrapers-grazers
D. country D. collectors
9298. According to your textbook, select the 9304. Based on these climographs, which of
answer choices that are described as these cities is most likely closer to the
greenhouse gases. equator?
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. methane
D. water vapor

9299. what will happen to an aquifer if more A. Mbandaka


water is taken from it than is added to it? B. Charleston
A. the water will increase C. Yakutsk
B. the water will deplete D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1008

9305. What American “discovered” the fa- 9309. Identify layer #15.
mous wreck of the RMS Titanic in 1985
during a military mission?
A. Jacques Cousteau
B. Jacques Piccard
C. Sylvia Earle
D. Robert Ballard

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. mantle
9306. What is another name for 0◦ longitude?
B. crust
A. The parallel C. inner core
B. The Prime Meridian D. outer core
C. The Equator 9310. Seawater freezes at what temperature
D. westerlies A. 28 F
9307. If the water pressure is 500 times sur- B. Well done
face atmospheric pressure, where on Earth 9311. It is the ability of soil to release water.
are you?
A. Porosity
A. Ocean floor
B. Permeability
B. New Jersey C. Precipitation
C. Guam D. Evaporation
D. Richmond, VA 9312. A current that travels from the pole to-
wards the equator is classified as a cur-
9308. Salinometer:Uses electric current to
rent.
measure how ocean water is.
A. Cold
B. Warm
9313. Which ocean floor feature is the rela-
tively smooth portion of the ocean floor?
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Ocean Trench
C. Rift Valley
D. Abyssal Plain
9314. On this wave diagram, what is D?

A. salty
B. deep
C. fresh
D. shallow

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1009

A. amplitude 9319. The total amount of dissolved salts in a


water sample is
B. crest

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A. abiotic
C. trough
B. salinity
D. wavelength
C. density
9315. Calcium carbonate is most likely to dis- D. none of above
solve in water with which characteristics?
A. Low carbon dioxide and warmer tem- 9320. The ocean floor is best described as
peratures
B. Lots of carbon dioxide and colder tem-
peratures
C. Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer
temperatures
D. Low pressure and warmer tempera- A. a flat bed of sand
tures
B. having mountains, plains, and ridges
9316. The following are the oceans according like land surfaces
to size C. covered by the same amount of water
A. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarc- everywhere
tic D. very cold in every area with many
B. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic, Antarc- trenches
tic
9321. When the Sun, Moon and Earth are all
C. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, Arc- aligned this results in a
tic
A. neap tide
D. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, Arc-
B. lunar tide
tic
C. spring tide
9317. Which ocean is the deepest? D. high tide
A. Atlantic
9322. What is the term given to deep ocean
B. Pacific water being forced upward in the ocean,
C. Indian typically resulting in a shallow ocean di-
verse ecosystem?
D. Southern
A. Upwelling
9318. Which geological feature would you find B. Downwelling
over a Hot Spot
C. Ocean Convection
A. Volcanic Island
D. none of above
B. Mid Ocean Ridge
9323. If I was a piece of pollution dropped into
C. Trench
watershed #1 where would I eventually
D. Continental Rise end up?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1010

9327. In the zone, the sea floor drops


sharply.
A. intertidal
B. neritic
C. oceanic
D. benthic
A. Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi River)

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. North Carolina Sound 9328. Why do we need to clean up Earth’s
oceans?
C. Chesapeake Bay
A. The oceans are small
D. none of above
B. The oceans are an important part of
9324. The correct order of seafloor features Earth
from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is C. There are only 3 oceans
D. none of above

9329. SONAR measures the speed of to


figure out depth?

A. shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain


B. rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf
C. abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf
D. slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain A. light energy

9325. The youngest seafloor is found near B. sound waves

A. rift valleys and mid ocean ridges C. photon energy

B. continental shelves D. water currents

C. beneath deep sea trenches 9330. Where is new ocean floor being cre-
D. on land ated?
A. Abyssal plain
9326. The Gulf Stream current makes the wa-
ters of North Atlantic B. Seamount
A. cooler C. Mid-ocean ridge
B. warmer D. Trenches
C. more dense
9331. What’s the main purpose of ocean cur-
D. less nutrient rich rents?

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1011

9335. This means the amount of salt dissolved


in water.

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A. salinity
B. salutation
C. saturation
A. To move warm and cold water around D. saltiness
the planet
9336. The deposition of coarse-grained
B. to move warm water up to the surface lithogenous material in neritic environ-
of the oceans ments along continental margins is an ex-
C. to move cold water down ample of the of biogenous sediment.

D. to help the animals navigate the A. destruction


oceans B. dilution
C. ecology
9332. The increase of causes the astheno-
sphere to be fluid D. productivity
A. Temperature 9337. Which of the following pictures is show-
B. Depth ing a high tide?
C. Pressure
D. Heavy materials

9333. The wide, flat area beyond the continen-


tal slope is called the
A. A
A. Marianas Trench
B. B
B. abyssal plain
C. C
C. wide, flat plain
D. D
D. trench
9338. Which type of plate boundary would the
9334. Wave speed= 10m/sFrequency= 5 mid antlatic ridge be considered?
hzWhat is the wavelength? A. transform
B. divergent
C. convergent
D. none of above

9339. Evaluate the impact of human activities


A. 2 m on the health of oceans, considering both
positive and negative aspects.
B. 50m
A. Human activities have no impact on
C. 10m
oceans
D. 5 m B. Human activities contribute positively
E. 1 m to ocean health

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1012

C. Overfishing and pollution negatively 9345. an imaginary line around the middle of
impact ocean health the Earth at an equal distance from the
D. Ocean health is only influenced by nat- North Pole and the South Pole
ural processes A. hemisphere
9340. What is letter A? B. terminator
C. equator
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9346. Which of these are depositional fea-
tures?
A. Cont. Shelf
A. Spits
B. Cont. Slope
B. Bars
C. Abyssal Plain
C. Stacks
D. Abyssal Plain
D. Caves
9341. plankton that lives on the water’s sur-
9347. A cold-tolerant and salt-tolerant type of
face
crab would likely be found in which part of
A. nekton the ocean?
B. neuston A. Mixed surface waters zone
C. infauna B. Transition zone
D. inflora C. Deep bottom water zone
9342. It is a Helicoid propeller anemometer in- D. none of above
corporating a wind vane for orientation.
9348. If our planet were without its ocean,
A. Hygrometers but otherwise the same as it is today,
B. Anemometer would surface temperatures be more ex-
C. wind vane treme than they are now (that is, higher
high temperatures in summer, and lower
D. Prop Anemometer
low temperatures in winter), of less ex-
9343. What is the strongest category of hurri- treme, or what?
cane? A. more extreme.
A. Category 5 B. less extreme.
B. Category 10 C. about the same as we know today.
C. Category 1 D. impossible to tell without more infor-
D. none of above mation.

9344. Osmosis is the movement of across 9349. Which of the following was true about
a membrane. the Protoearth?
A. food A. Smaller than today’s Earth
B. energy B. Had one large Ocean
C. oxygen C. Had early primitive life forms
D. water D. Deep structure was larger

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1013

9350. Which of the following factors influence C. Wavelength


ocean currents? D. Amplitude

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A. Wind
9356. Group of marine mammals known as
B. Coriolis Effect “sea cows”.
C. Temperature, Salinity, & Density A. Mermaid
D. All of the above B. Odontocetes
9351. Medium is C. Mystics
A. the matter a wave travels through D. Carnivorous
B. solids 9357. The Younger Dryas was a period of
C. liquids rapid cooling 12, 800 to 11, 500 years
ago. What era did this occur in?
D. gases
A. Holocene
E. vacuum
B. Pleistocene
9352. How are Volcanoes Made?
C. Miocene
A. Magma from within the Earth’s upper
D. Paleogene
mantle works its way to the surface.
B. Volcanoes are made by the erosion of 9358. Life on the abyssal zone
rocks over time A. Must be able to live without sunlight.
C. Volcanoes are created by the move- B. Most likely uses bioluminescence
ment of tectonic plates
C. Must be able to tolerate high pressure
D. Volcanoes are formed by the accumu-
D. All of the above
lation of snow and ice
9359. Which zone has plenty of nutrients and
9353. removing water from the ocean
sunlight?
salinity.
A. photic
A. decreases
B. neritic
B. increases
C. oceanic
C. does not affect
D. benthic
D. none of above
9360. What property of the wave is repre-
9354. Where you find oceanic trenches. sented by the letter “B”?
A. passive margin
B. convergent boundaries
C. divergent boundaries
D. translation margins

9355. Identify the one labeled “A”.


A. Crest A. amplitude
B. Trough B. crest

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1014

C. trough B. Force acting on the ball


D. wavelength C. Height that the ball bounces
D. Height from which the ball is dropped
9361. Choose the correct option
9364. What answer choice best describes nat-
ural gas energy?
A. undergoes decay and in the process re-
leases a great deal of heat

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. used to generate approximately 28%
of the U.S. electricity
C. usually thought of as garbage, which
includes things like leaves, tree branches,
A. Cast Net leftover crops, wood chips, bark, animal
B. Dip Net manure and old tires
C. Otter Trawl Net D. uses the momentum of moving air to
D. Plankton Net quietly turn large blades that are attached
to an electric generator
E. Purse His Net
9365. As frequency increases, wavelength
9362. In the Atlantic ocean, where is the
A. stays the same
youngest seafloor located?
B. increases
C. decreases
Explanation:As frequency increases, the
wavelength decreases. This is because
frequency and wavelength are inversely
proportional to each other. When the fre-
quency of a wave increases, it means that
more waves are passing through a point in
a given time, which results in a shorter dis-
tance between the wave peaks, thus de-
creasing the wavelength.
A. Towards the edges, near the eastern
and western continents D. none of above

B. Towards the middle of the ocean 9366. In what directions do current move in
the northern hemisphere and in the south-
C. Towards the north and south poles
ern hemisphere?
D. Young seafloor is located randomly
A. Currents travel clockwise in the North-
throughout the ocean
ern Hemisphere, and counterclockwise in
9363. A student is planning an experiment to the Southern Hemisphere
find out how the height from which he B. Currents travel counterclockwise in
drops a ball affects how high the ball the Northern Hemisphere, and clockwise
bounces. The dependent variable is the in the Southern Hemisphere
C. Currents travel vertically in the North-
A. Diameter of the ball ern Hemisphere, and that current travels

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1015

around the Earth through the Southern D. 83%


Hemisphere
9372. The best groundwater reservoirs have

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D. Currents travel up and down and side
porosity and permeability.
to side in the Northern Hemisphere, and
current move side to side and down and A. high; high
up in the Southern Hemisphere
B. low; high
E. The currents use the equator to dictate
C. high; low
where either in the Southern or Northern
Hemisphere it ends up in D. low; low

9367. What is the temperature of water mov- 9373. What is the type of tidal cycle with two
ing away from the equator? high tides and two low tides?
A. it is warm A. Diurnal
B. it is cold B. Mixed pattern
9368. Turtle shell are made of how many C. Semi-diurnal
bones fused together?
D. none of above
A. Over 5
B. Over 30 9374. Which zone is the open ocean past the
continental shelf?
C. Over 50
D. Over 70 A. photic
B. neritic
9369. The land feature that happens when
there is subduction is called a C. oceanic
A. mid-ocean ridge D. benthic
B. deep-ocean trench E. aphotic
C. asthenosphere
9375. A wave is the movement of through
D. none of above a body of water.
9370. Air is warmer and less dense at the A. tides
equator because the equator receives
B. energy
more
C. gyres
A. wind
B. solar radiation D. electricity
C. air pressure 9376. what type of rock is made when
D. condensation seafloor spreading occurs and makes up
most of the ocean floor
9371. About how much of Earth is taken up by
oceans? A. igneous rock

A. 90% B. Sandstone
B. 50% C. Shale
C. 71% D. Coal

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1016

9377. How does temperature and salinity af- 9380. Select the answer choice that does NOT
fect deep currents? describe how ozone is expected to change
in the coming decades.
A. recovery will occur as ODSs and reac-
tive halogen gases in the stratosphere de-
crease in the coming decades into the mid-
21st century
B. continuing the Montreal Protocol

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. obstacles could be changes in climate
and volcanic eruptions
A. As temperature decreases and salinity
D. it will cause climate change
increases the water becomes more dense
B. As temperature decreases and salinity 9381. This zone of the ocean is considered the
increases the water becomes less dense “open ocean”
C. As temperature increases and salin- A. Neritic
ity decreases the water becomes more B. Oceanic
dense
C. Benthic
D. As temperature increases and salinity
increases the water becomes less dense D. Aphotic

9378. Identify C 9382. organisms that swim against the


ocean’s currents
A. neuston
B. plankton
C. nekton
D. nephron

A. swimmerets 9383. Unmanned or piloted machines used to


explore the ocean floor
B. walking legs
A. Underwater vessels
C. maxillipeds
B. sonar ships
D. telson
C. satellite vessels
9379. Why are sea walls built along our D. deep-sea drilling vessels
coast?
A. so our ships have a safe passage along 9384. The layer made of solid rock that slowly
our coastline flows

B. to provide a safe swimming area for A. Lithosphere


people visiting the coastline B. Mantle
C. to reduce erosion C. Asthenosphere
D. to reduce deposition D. crust

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1017

9385. Which of the following are physical con- C. 1%


ditions that pose a challenge to people and
D. 97%
motorized devices when diving near the

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deep sea floor. (choose all that apply)
9391. Measure of the amount of dissolved
A. intense pressure salts in seawater
B. bright light A. nautical units
C. extreme cold B. thermocline
D. salty conditions
C. oceanography
9386. Which layer of Earth is made up of tec- D. salinity
tonic plates?
A. outer core 9392. Select the answer choice that best de-
scribes the atmospheric layer where tem-
B. inner core
perature decreases with height.
C. asthenosphere
A. Thermosphere
D. lithosphere
B. Mesosphere
9387. In these latitudes the cooler air from the
poles meets the warmer air from the trop- C. Stratosphere
ics, causing air to rise. D. Troposphere
A. Polar Cells
9393. Why does the moon’s gravitational pull
B. Ferrel Cells have more of effect on tides than the sun’s
C. Hadley Cells gravitational pull?
D. none of above A. they are the same
9388. causes deep ocean currents. B. the moon is larger than the sun
A. The Coriolis Effect C. tides are not caused by the moon
B. Differential Heating & Wind D. the moon is closer to the Earth than the
C. Gravity sun
D. Density Differences & Salinity
9394. Wave-dominated deltas are usually
9389. What is oceanic crust primarily com- smaller than river-dominated deltas.
posed of? A. true
A. Granitic
B. false
B. Basaltic
C. Iron & Nickel 9395. What happens when the earth moon and
sun line up?
D. Gold-based
A. Neap Tides
9390. What percentage of Earth’s water is
freshwater? B. Spring Tides
A. 75% C. High Tides Only
B. 3% D. Low Tides Only

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1018

9396. Referring to a solution having the same 9401. Which of the following best describes
concentration of dissolved substances as the correct order of how a guyot is
the solution that surrounds it. formed?
A. isotonic
B. hypotonic
C. hypertonic
D. zone

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9397. What is the condition of the Earth’s at-
mosphere at a certain time and place?
A. climate
B. temperature
C. weather A. seamount underwater volcano
D. air pressure erupts island above sea level
guyot erosion
9398. What 2 words should ALWAYS be in
your hypothesis? B. underwater volcano erupts guyot
island above sea level erosion
A. If & When seamount
B. How & Why
C. erosion underwater volcano
C. If & Then erupts island above sea level
D. If & Where guyot seamount

9399. What water body is G? D. underwater volcano erupts


seamount island above sea level
erosion guyot

9402. Does a floating duck move horizontally


across the water due to the waves?
A. no
B. yes
A. Ocean
9403. Which is a Cubozoan?
B. Sea
A. Portuguese man o’war
C. Strait
D. Gulf B. Hydra
C. Comb Jelly
9400. Which of the following is characteris-
tic of continental-continental convergent D. Box Jelly
plate boundaries?
9404. Which statement is TRUE about the
A. Volcanic island arcs
moon’s effect on Earth’s water?
B. Uplifted mountain ranges
A. Even if the moon disappeared Earth
C. Fracture zones would still have weak tides due to the
D. Mid-ocean ridges sun’s gravity.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1019

B. Because the moon is closer its gravita- 9409. Which of the following questions can
tional pull on Earth’s water is greater than best be answered by the data presented
that of the sun. in the chart to the right?

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C. The moon and sun’s gravitational pulls
combine to form spring tides twice a
month.
D. All of these statements are true about
the moon’s effect on Earth’s water.

9405. the innermost layer of the earth


A. crust
B. mantle
C. core A. What are the types of sea water?
D. none of above B. How does sea water differ from fresh-
water?
9406. Sea water has a pH of , making it a C. Which elements are included in the
? “other” category?
A. 7 acid. D. Which two elements are the most
B. 6 neutral. abundant in seawater?
C. 8 base. 9410. What does the continental margin con-
D. none of above sist of?
A. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift
9407. How do surface currents influence valleys, trenches and seamounts
weather patterns?
B. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift
A. Surface currents can transport warm valleys, trenches and the continental
or cold water, affecting temperature and shelf.
humidity.
C. Continental shelf and the continental
B. Surface currents cause earthquakes slope.
and tsunamis D. Abyssal plain, seamounts, continental
C. Surface currents only affect marine shelf and continental slope.
life, not weather
9411. Surface currents are a result of
D. Surface currents have no impact on
A. Global Wind Patterns
weather patterns
B. Earth’s Rotation
9408. Which force is involved in the develop- C. Density
ment of surface currents?
D. All of the above
A. gravity
9412. why are isotherms irregular and closely
B. inertia
spaced in northern hemisphere?
C. friction A. northern hemisphere is more tilted to-
D. none of the above wards sun

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1020

B. northern hemisphere receives more in- 9417. Most tsunamis happen around this
solation ocean
C. land mass more in northern hemi- A. Pacific Ocean
sphere
B. Indian Ocean
D. Coriolis effect deflects the currents to
C. Arctic Ocean
the right in northern hemisphere
D. Atlantic Ocean
9413. What happens when water vapor be-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
comes water droplets and forms clouds? 9418. Small extinct volcanoes or rock intru-
A. transpiration sions found between the continental mar-
gins
B. precipitation
A. guyots
C. evaporation
B. seamounts
D. condensation
C. trenches
9414. REVIEW QUESTION:Two ways that pol-
lution moves from the land to the ocean D. abyssal hills
include
9419. Seawater is typically denser than fresh-
A. Runoff and Wind water due to its-
B. Radiation and Runoff A. Higher salinity
C. Runoff and Gardening B. Lower freezing point
D. Radiation and Wind C. Smaller mass
9415. This animal is an D. Greater depth

9420. Physical Oceanography is the study of

A. marine life and their ecosystems.


B. the composition of seawater, including
the amount of salt dissolved.
C. plate tectonics, underwater volcanoes
A. mammal and mountains.
B. fish D. ocean currents and motions of the
C. invertebrate ocean.
D. none of above
9421. How much of Earth’s water is the salty
9416. Meteors start to burn in the water of the oceans?
A. troposphere. A. 25%
B. stratosphere. B. 50%
C. mesosphere. C. 75%
D. thermosphere. D. 97%

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1021

9422. On the globe, the imaginary line around 9427. Choose the correct option
the middle of Earth, between the north and
south poles, is called the:

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE


A. latitude lines.
B. equator.
C. longitude lines.
D. prime meridian.

9423. Sonar uses what waves to map the A. Bering Strait


ocean floor? B. Gulf of Mexico
A. sound C. Caribbean Sea
B. transverse D. Labrador Sea
C. electromagnetic 9428. In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis
D. tsunami effect causes:
A. Objects to deflect to the left (counter-
9424. Continental shorelines generally have a clockwise)
milder climate than locations inland at the
same latitude due to- B. Objects to deflect to the right (clock-
wise)
A. ocean water acting as a conductor of
heat C. Objects to deflect to the left or right
depending on wind belt location
B. land is a greater storage of heat
D. none of above
C. ocean water stores and releases heat
more slowly than land 9429. Which pigments make brown algae
brown?
D. land masses release hear slower than
land A. carotenoids
B. chlorophylls
9425. What is the study of the physical and
biological aspects of the Earth’s oceans? C. fucoxanthins
D. phycobilins
A. Astronomy.
B. Geology. 9430. What percentage of Earth’s fresh water
that is not frozen
C. Meteorology.
A. 97%
D. Oceanography.
B. 1%
9426. when a body of water has a salinity C. 100%
level greater than 35 ‰
D. 3%
A. salinity
9431. The process that occurs at a divergent
B. dissolved oxygen
oceanic boundary that creates new crust
C. hypersaline (sea floor) is called?
D. dissolution A. Subduction

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1022

B. Seafloor Spreading while Jorge thought it happens at the con-


C. Continental Drift tinental shelves. Isabel, on the other hand,
believed it occurs at a transform boundary.
D. Volcanism Crumpton, however, argued that it takes
place at mid-ocean ridges. Who among
9432. Identify the current labelled F in the fig-
them is correct?
ure.
A. Erika (Convergent boundaries)
B. Jorge (The continental shelves)

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Isabel (Transform boundary)
D. Crumpton (Mid-ocean ridges)

9436. What are hydrothermal vents?


A. Caribbean Current A. Underwater volcanoes
B. East Australian Current B. The deepest spot in the ocean
C. Equatorial Counter Current C. Water below the seafloor is heated by
D. Greenland Current magma and gushes out of openings in the
seafloor
9433. Which ocean surface current carries the D. Underwater landslides
greatest volume of water?
A. The Kuroshio (or Japan) Current. 9437. What energy drives surface ocean cur-
rents?
B. The North Equatorial Current in the Pa-
cific. A. Chemical
C. The South Equatorial Current in the Pa- B. Thermal
cific. C. Wind
D. The West Wind Drift. D. Sound

9434. An instrument probe that automati- 9438. Which of the following causes most
cally transmits information, including wa- ocean currents on the water’s surface?
ter quality, turbidity, dissolve oxygen and A. latitude
even chlorophyll levels, about its surround-
ings from an inaccessible, underwater loca- B. evaporation
tion. C. prevailing winds
A. Nansen Bottle D. salinity shifts
B. Niskin Bottle 9439. A structure separating land and water
C. Reversible Thermometer areas. It is designed to prevent coastal
D. Sin erosion and other damage due to wave ac-
tion
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder
A. barrier islands
9435. During a geography class, Erika and B. bobbin
Jorge were discussing about the location
of seafloor spreading. Erika suggested C. sea wall
it takes place at convergent boundaries, D. lagoon

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1023

9440. This is the symbol for C. Surface Currents


D. Wave Currents

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9443. Where is most life in the ocean found?
A. In aphotic zones that receive little/no
sunlight
B. In photic zones that receive sunlight

9444. Why was Prince Henry known as “the


Navigator?”
A. Henry owned a globe when many peo-
A. wavelength
ple thought the world was flat.
B. frequency
B. helped unlock the secrets of Africa
C. wave speed
C. he helped make it possible for the first
D. amplitude Europeans to explore Africa.
9441. Which type of container keeps liquid the D. Henry believed that Africa was not in-
hottest for the longest time? finite and that if his sailors could circum-
navigate the continent;

9445. Choose the correct option

A. Bag
B. Cooler A. Arctic Ocean
C. Cooler and bag are tied B. Atlantic Ocean
D. Styrofoam C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
9442. Currents that occur at or near the sur-
face of the ocean are called 9446. According to your Wohlers et al. (2006)
textbook, ONE of the following is NOT
a factor that causes air to circulate coun-
terclockwise in a Northern Hemisphere cy-
clone?
A. The Coriolis Effect
B. Uneven Heating
A. Deep Currents C. The Pressure Gradient
B. Convection Currents D. Friction at the Surface

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1024

9447. Which diagram shows when the Earth C. hydrowater power


would experience a first or last quarter
D. wet electrical power
moon?
9452. #3 in the diagram represents

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A
B. B

9448. A wavelength is the distance between A. transpiration


A. 2 Adjacent Crests B. condensation
B. 2 Adjacent Troughs C. precipitation
C. A Crest & A Trough D. evaporation
D. Both 2 Adjacent Crests & 2 Adjacent
Troughs 9453. Which sea is the largest lake on the
planet?
9449. What are some ways to conserve and
protect the hydrosphere? A. Hudson Bay
A. Reducing water pollution, conserving B. Sea of Japan
water usage, promoting sustainable fish-
C. Caspian Sea
ing practices, protecting wetlands and ma-
rine habitats, implementing water man- D. Arabian Sea
agement strategies
9454. What are the main causes of ocean cur-
B. Using more water for industrial pur-
rents?
poses, increasing water pollution, over-
fishing, destroying wetlands and marine A. the sun and moon
habitats, implementing water manage-
B. wind patterns and differences in water
ment strategies
C. tides and currents
9450. The high point of a wave
D. none of above
A. crest
B. trough 9455. Groins and jetties are problematic be-
C. wave height cause:
D. wavelength A. they cause erosion on one side of the
structure
9451. Electricity generated by flowing water
is B. they can be built and taken down
A. water power! C. they accumulate sand
B. hydroelectric power D. they trap sand from ocean currents

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1025

9456. A boundary that separate, creating new


ocean floor.

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A. convergent
B. Transform
C. insurgent
D. Divergent

9457. Which zone is permanently under water


in a sandy beach environment? A. Mid-ocean ridges
A. Intertidal Zone B. Deep Currents
C. Surface Currents
B. Subtidal Zone
D. High tide and low tide
C. Supratidal Zone
D. Phantom Zone 9462. Water becomes more dense and may
sink when its salinity (salt water content)
9458. What is the average salt percentage of
ocean water? A. Increases
A. 3.5% B. Decreases
B. .35% C. Stays the same
C. 35% D. none of above

D. 97% 9463. Who was the scientist credited with cor-


rectly hypothesizing the theory of seafloor
9459. What is the smallest ocean? spreading. His discovery proved Alfred
A. Atlantic Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift was
right?
B. Arctic
A. Niccolo Copernicus
C. Pacific B. Harry Hess
D. Southern C. Albert Einstein
9460. The arrangement of organisms in the D. Edwin Hubble
open ocean is determined by the 9464. In the United States, mixed tides com-
A. increase in salt content from shallow monly occur along
to deep waters A. the Pacific coast
B. size of the benthic zone, where photo- B. the Florida Keys
synthesis occurs
9465. Seawateristypicallydenserthanfreshwaterduetoseawater’s-
C. amount of nutrients and sunlight that
are available
D. distribution of zooplankton

9461. Temperature and salinity differences in


ocean water cause:

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1026

A. Greater depth 9470. How many wind cells are in each hemi-
sphere?
B. Lower freezing point
A. 1
C. Smaller mass
B. 2
D. Higher salinity
C. 3
9466. A tsunami usually starts from the mid-
D. 4
dle of a/an

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9471. Which type of air would you find at air
mass D?

A. ocean
B. river
C. subduction zone
D. storm with extremely low pressure

9467. Which of the following is NOT a prop- A. cold, dry


erty of plastic? B. warm, humid
A. flexible C. warm, dry
B. strong D. cold, humid
C. waterproof 9472. What is the name of the current that
D. biodegradable travels between Virginia and Europe?
A. Gulf Stream
9468. The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean wa-
ter twice in a day is called B. Gulf River
A. Tsunami C. European Stream
B. Current D. European River
C. Tide 9473. What are tiny organisms that float near
D. Wave the surface of the water?
A. plankton
9469. India, Australia, South America, and
Africa all have deep grooves or scratches B. organisms
in rocks which is climate evidence of C. abiotic factor
A. erosion D. insects
B. dinosaurs
9474. Which statement is true?
C. glaciers
A. As you travel deeper into the ocean,
D. aliens the temperature increases.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1027

B. As you travel deeper into the ocean, A. evaporation


the pressure decreases. B. infiltration

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C. As you travel deeper into the ocean, C. precipitation
the temperature decreases.
D. transpiration
D. As you travel deeper into the ocean,
sunlight increases. E. condensation

9475. Approximately how much of Earth’s sur- 9480. Which type of plate boundaries move
face is covered by land? AWAY from eachother?

A. 30 percent A. convergent

B. 50 percent B. divergent

C. 60 percent C. transform

D. 70 percent D. none of above

9476. As ocean waves approach the shore, the 9481. Most of the world’s ocean coasts have
top curls over and crashes into the sand. a(n) tidal pattern.
What do we call theses waves? A. diurnal
A. breakers B. mixed
B. rip tides C. semi-diurnal
C. longshore currents D. none of above
D. tsunamis 9482. In Florida, La Nina impacts our weather
9477. How does the oceans interact with the by:
heat from the sun? A. dryer and warmer
A. They cancel each other B. warmer and wetter
B. Absorbs heat C. wetter and colder
C. Reflects heat D. more rain and crows flying around
D. They do not interact 9483. Ariana spent the day at the beach. At
9478. What is the definition for current? 6 pm, she noticed that the waves were
reaching quite high up on the shore. At 12
A. The riverlike movement of any water pm, they had been much lower, and there
B. The riverlike movement of ocean wa- had been more room to play on the sand.
ter What causes this rise and fall of ocean wa-
ters?
9479. What process transforms the water va-
por in the atmosphere to the liquid water A. the movement of clouds over the shore
in a cloud? B. the gravitational pull of the moon and
sun
C. the air temperature increasing during
the day
D. natural events like storms and earth-
quakes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1028

9484. About how many male math teachers 9487. A career in Geological Oceanography
were there in 2006? might include
A. investigating food chains in marine en-
vironments.
B. monitoring the amount of dissolved
oxygen in local seas.
C. measuring and predicting the strength

NARAYAN CHANGDER
and forces of tsunamis.
D. surveying the features, such as moun-
tains and plains, on the ocean floor.

9488. The Gulf stream carries water from


the east coast of The United States to the
A. 15
West coast of Europe.
B. 30
A. Cold
C. 35
B. Warm
D. 45
C. Freezing
9485. A body of air that has the same tem- D. Fresh
perature and moisture levels throughout is
called what? 9489. What drives deep water currents?
A. Fronts A. Gravity
B. Air Masses B. Density
C. A cold front C. Wind
D. A warm front D. Temperature

9486. Atmospheric Diving Suits used for 9490. Which type of tide would be found dur-
dives. Maintains atmospheric pressure, ing the 1st moon phase?
so, decompression is not needed.

A. shallow
B. deep
C. hot
D. cold A. King Tide

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1029

B. Queen Tide 9495. Why is plastic dangerous for marine


C. Spring Tide life?

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A. They mistake it for food and cannot di-
D. Neap Tide
gest it
9491. What is the difference between a guyot B. They can get tangled in it which hin-
and a seamount? ders their ability to swim
A. Guyots are rounded, seamounts are C. Both a and b
not. D. It’s not dangerous because they use
B. Seamounts are rounded, guyots are plastic waste for habitats
not.
9496. Wind shear
9492. What causes surface waves? A. make hurricane development more
likely
A. underwater volcanoes
B. strong winds along the surface of the
B. earthquakes
water that slow hurricane formation
C. wind C. strong winds along the surface of the
D. landslides water that speed up hurricane formation
D. the leading cause of snapgram web-
9493. Name the feature for D
site downtime
9497. A very important way to increase the
settling rate of fine particles in the open
ocean is via
A. carbonate dissolution
A. volcanic arc B. deposit feeders
B. volcanic island C. fecal pellets
C. mid-ocean ridge D. precipitation
D. continental shelf 9498. Choose the correct option

9494. Consider this scenario:a beaker of wa-


ter is dyed blue and has a salinity of 10
PPT, and another beaker of water is dyed
purple and has a salinity of 30 PPT. If the
two samples were gently released into a
test chamber, what is most likely to occur?
A. The two samples would mix evenly to
make a new color
B. The purple sample would “float” on
top of the blue sample A. AUV
C. The blue sample would “float” on top B. ROV
of the purple sample C. Side Scan Sonar
D. The new salinity would be 40 PPT D. Underwater Camera

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1030

9499. Scientists believe that most of the wa- 9503. which layer is the lightest (least
ter, on the Earth, is from: dense)?
A. lithosphere
B. mantle
C. core
D. mesosphere
A. Comets

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9504. The following are factors that cause
B. Volcanoes changes in the physical characteristics of
C. Worlds colliding water masses, except
D. Moiture in the air A. sedimentation
9500. What causes convection currents to B. ENSO
form in the oceans C. ITF
A. Surface Winds D. mixing
B. Coriolis Effect
9505. The larvae of crabs and krill belong to
C. Continental Deflection
which group of plankton?
D. Differences in water density
9501. Identify the ocean at location #5

A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Southern Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
9502. Explain why many marine pollution ex- A. Phytoplankton
perts consider oil among the least damag- B. Meroplankton
ing pollutants in the ocean.
C. Holoplankton
A. It can be broken down by natural pro-
cesses and is less toxic compared to other D. None of the above
pollutants.
9506. What is the name of the superconti-
B. It is quickly removed from the ocean nent?
by natural processes
A. Pandora
C. It does not affect the water quality in
B. Pangea
any way
D. It is easily absorbed by marine organ- C. Panthalassa
isms and does not harm them D. Gonwandaland

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1031

9507. Warm currents start near the 9513. Name the Feature
A. Poles A. Trench

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B. Equator B. Island
C. Continent C. Guyote
D. Southern Hemisphere D. Gyre
9508. A ridge of sand that connects an island
9514. A mountain that breaks through the sur-
to the mainland.
face of the water
A. spit
A. Volcanic Island
B. barrier island
B. Seamount
C. bobbin
C. Trench
D. bar
D. Rift
9509. The youngest material of the ocean floor
is found at mid-ocean 9515. Which of the following species would
you expect to find in an estuary?
A. Oysters
B. Giant squid
C. Reef shark
D. Blue whale

A. ridges 9516. Which ocean formations if found below


B. trenches the surface?

C. basins A. Barrier Island


D. rifts B. Bobbin
C. Seamount
9510. Which has a greater effect on the tides?
A. Sun D. Spit

B. Moon 9517. Which type of crust is thicker?


9511. Burning carbon-based fossil fuels re- A. Oceanic
leases what gas into the atmosphere? B. Outer core
A. acid gas C. Inner core
B. chlorine gas
D. Continental
C. oxygenated hydrogen
D. carbon dioxide 9518. What is the pelagic zone?
A. Oceanic crust
9512. The amount of salt dissolved in seawa-
ter is called B. Continental crust
A. salinity C. Abyssal Plain
B. density D. Open ocean

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1032

9519. Ocean surface waves are caused by 9523. The energy that drives surface ocean
currents comes from
A. salinity variations
B. prevailing (global) winds
C. temperature differences
A. differences in temperature D. wave action
B. friction of the wind air molecules mov-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ing over the water molecules 9524. Which of these are problems associated
with fishing nets:
C. Moon and sun
A. Animals get caught in them and drown
D. differences in air pressure
or starve
E. none of these answers are accurate
B. Nets break coral reefs
9520. The density of ocean water is affected C. The absorb carbonate from the water
by temperature and
D. They make the ocean more acidic
E. They make the ocean more basic

9525. The center of the highest part of the mid-


ocean ridge is a narrow trench called a
A. Drift
B. Rift
C. Lift
A. salinity D. Plift
B. warmth
9526. Which of these types of vessels is not a
9521. Ocean water differs from freshwater in UUV?
that it has a
A. AUV
A. higher temperature.
B. DSV
B. lower temperature.
C. ROV
C. higher salinity.
D. All the above are UUVs.
D. lower salinity.
9527. What is the difference in the formation
9522. What feature is D?
of surface currents and deep currents?
A. Surface currents are create by the
Coriolis effect and deep currents are
formed by subducting plates.
B. There is no difference; they are both
A. Trench
formed by wind.
B. Mid-ocean ridge
C. Surface currents are created by wind
C. Trench and deep currents are formed by changes
D. Continental rise in ocean water density

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1033

D. There is no difference; they are both C. it teaches us about tides


created by changes in ocean water den- D. it shows us how oceans are different
sity.

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or the same as other oceans
9528. What is water adhesion? 9533. Identify the area highlighted in red on
A. Repulsion of water molecules from the barrier island profile
other substances
B. Attraction of water molecules to other
substances
C. The movement of water through a
semipermeable membrane A. Beach
B. Dune
D. The process of water turning into ice
C. Meadow
9529. How many high tides occur each day?
D. Maritime Forest
E. Marsh

9534. Submarine volcanoes that rise at least


1000 meters above the ocean floor. They
are most commonly found in the Pacific
A. 1 ocean.

B. 2 A. Deep ocean basin

C. 3 B. Abyssal plain

D. 4 C. Mid ocean ridge


D. Seamounts
9530. What causes surface currents to move
E. Passive continental margin
in circular paths?
A. strong winds Explanation:
B. the Coriolis effect
9535. What safety symbol is this?
C. salinity
D. the Global Ocean Conveyor

9531. Adding water to the ocean salinity.


A. decreases
B. increases
C. does not affect
D. none of above

9532. Oceanography is important because A. Flammable


A. it teaches us about ocean life B. Oxidizing Agent

B. it teaches us about how the oceans af- C. No Open Flame


fect life on land D. Explosion

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1034

9536. What are Turbidity Currents 9541. If you go to Hawaii, you will be in the
A. Underwater currents of sediment- Ocean.
laden water A. Atlantic
B. Underwater currents of polluted water B. Indian
C. Underwater currents of clean water C. Southern
D. Underwater currents of clear water D. Pacific

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9537. How octopus use their tentacles? 9542. The transitional layer between the sur-
face and the deep ocean zones is called the:

A. Jump and sleep A. Thermocline


B. move and eat B. Trough
C. Layering Effect
9538. Whale group that lack teeth and instead
have flexible tooth plates. D. Temperature Profile
A. Mystics
9543. Bottom of the wave
B. Cetacea
A. wavelength
C. Mermaid
B. crest
D. Pinnepedia
C. Trough
9539. What is the average conditions of a re- D. Wave height (amplitude)
gion or the weather patterns that occur
over many years? 9544. The collision of one continental plate
A. Temperature with another may produce which of the fol-
lowing?
B. Climate
C. Weather
D. Hot or cold

9540. Pollutants entering waterways from a


general area, such as runoff from farmland
or suburban communities.
A. Pollution A. Oceans
B. Point Source Pollution B. Valleys
C. Non-point Source Pollution C. Mountains
D. Turbidity D. Earthquakes

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1035

9545. Moisture falling from the atmosphere as C. neap tide


rain, snow, or hail. D. spring tide

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A. Precipitation Explanation:A neap tide occurs when the
B. Evaporation earth, moon, and sun form a right angle,
which results in the gravitational forces of
C. Condensation the sun and moon working against each
D. Vaporization other. This arrangement leads to the low-
est high tides and the highest low tides,
9546. Which of the following ocean features hence the correct answer is ‘neap tide’.
is the name for transitional area between
the continental slope and the abyssal 9549. Oolites are an example of which of the
plain? following sediment types?
A. continental slope A. Biogenous
B. continental rise B. Hydrogenous
C. continental shelf C. lithogenous
D. abyssal plain D. cosmogenous

9547. The Appalachian Plateau is where coal is 9550. The tides are caused by
mined. Coal forms in what type of rock? A. the sun
B. the wind
C. the moon
D. other planets

9551. Smooth, elongated waves that can


travel long distances across the ocean
A. seas
B. surf
A. igneous
C. swells
B. foliated metamorphic
D. none of above
C. nonfoliated metamorphic
D. sedimentary 9552. Trenches are the deepest part of the
ocean.
9548. What type of tide would this arrange- A. true
ment of earth-moon-sun create?
B. false

9553. Ocean waves are affected by what 3


things
A. Time
B. Fetch
A. full moon tide C. Temperature
B. new moon tide D. strength of wind

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1036

9554. Identify #4 and #8 B. The Great Britain Current


C. The Northern Stream
D. The Gulf Stream

A. Continental shelf 9559. An instrument that is useful for scoop-


ing up seaweed, jellyfish, and other drift-
B. Continental slope ing organisms from docks and the side of
C. Continental rise vessels.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Seamount A. Cast Net
E. Rift Valley B. Dip Net
Explanation: C. Otter Trawl Net
D. Plankton Net
9555. How much of the earth’s water is salt-
E. Purse His Net
water in the oceans?
A. 3% 9560. Sea levels rise when glacial ice caps-
B. 27% A. grow
C. 75% B. melt
D. 97% C. migrate
D. hit the Titanic
9556. magma rising through divergent bound-
aries 9561. What is the name of the layer with
Northern Lights?

A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
A. Exosphere
D. 10
B. Stratosphere
9557. What is the deepest known area of the C. Mesosphere
ocean floor?
D. Thermosphere
A. Montezuma’s Rift
9562. A horizontal movement of ocean water
B. Marianna’s Trench
that is caused by wind and that occurs at
C. Marissa Cantu’s Ridge or near the ocean’s surface is called:
D. Marquis Island A. ocean current
9558. The warm ocean current that affects the B. deep current
climate of Europe is: C. convection current
A. The Japanese Current D. surface current

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1037

9563. SONAR measures the through C. hydrothermal vents


waves D. upwelling

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A. Sound; depth of the ocean
9569. The water that washes back out to sea
B. Depth of the ocean; light waves
and returns to the ocean is the
C. Depth of the ocean; seismic waves
A. swash
D. Depth of the ocean; sound waves
B. backwash
9564. A place where two plates slip past each
other, moving in opposite directions, is 9570. Which of the following is an underwater
known as a wave?
A. transform boundary A. tidal wave
B. divergent boundary. B. surface wave
C. convergent boundary. C. tsunami
D. rift valley. D. ocean wave

9565. Which of these inventions did the most 9571. The particle size on a beach
to make ocean navigation more accurate?
A. is related to whatever material is lo-
A. lead lines cally available
B. The Nansen bottle B. varies only with storm intensity and du-
C. seagoing clocks ration
D. the Secchi disk C. shows seasonal variation only on low
energy coasts
9566. What type of saltwater is the LEAST
dense? D. none of above

A. warm water, low salinity 9572. Which country is responsible for pulling
B. warm water, high salinity the most fish out of the oceans:
C. cold water, low salinity A. The U.S.
D. cold water, high salinity B. Japan
C. China
9567. What makes water the universal sol-
vent? D. Peru
A. Polarity and hydrogen bonding E. Indonesia
B. High acidity
9573. The warmest temperature; sea level to
C. Low boiling point 300m; sunlight only penetrates a few me-
D. Lack of hydrogen bonding ters, but wind and waves mix heat evenly
throughout.
9568. Occurs at cracks in the sea floor when
A. Surface Zone
cool water is superheated by magma and
releases acidic plumes B. Thermocline Zone
A. cold seeps C. Deep Zone
B. sonar mapping D. none of above

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1038

9574. what causes tides A. Section 1


A. moon B. Section 4
B. wind C. Section 2
C. earthquakes D. Section 3
D. people
9580. In general, low tides occur
9575. Daily rises and falls in the level of the
A. each hour

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ocean are called
A. Waves B. 2 times a day

B. Tides C. each month


C. Currents D. twice a month
D. none of above 9581. The of a mountain range is the side
9576. Marine organisms depend on what for that receives a lot of precipitation.
survival? A. dry side
A. Dissolved gases B. leeward/dry side
B. Dissolved marine animal remains C. windward/wet side
C. Zooplankton D. cloudy side
D. Sharks
9582. Scientists think that convection currents
9577. Plant-like plankton flow in Earth’s
A. zooplankton A. continents.
B. phytoplankton B. mantle.
9578. Otters consume up to of their body C. lithosphere.
weight in food.
D. inner core.
A. a quarter
B. a third 9583. Who was the first explorer to sail
around the world?
C. a fifth
A. James Cook
D. half
B. Christopher Columbus
E. all
C. Ferdinand Magellan
9579. Which section represents the continen-
tal slope? D. Basque da Gama

9584. Which of the following causes tides?


A. The gravity of the sun only.
B. The gravity of the moon only.
C. The gravity of both the sun and moon.
D. The gravity of the earth.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1039

9585. a long, underwater mountain chain 9589. What is one of the main features of
Karst topography?
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge

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A. a sinkhole
B. Continental Margin
B. disappearing streams
C. Ocean Trench
C. karst springs
D. Deep-Ocean Basin
D. stalactites and stalagmites
9586. Ocean #3 is
9590. What is the pH of the Ocean?
A. 7.0
B. 6.5
C. 13
D. 8.1

9591. What is it called when the sun, Earth,


and moon are in a straight line?
A. Arctic
A. Coriolis
B. Pacific
B. Gyre
9587. Wood fencing is a good choice for re- C. Syzygy
building dunes for all these reasons EX-
D. Sverdrup
CEPT:
A. eco-friendly 9592. Abyssal plains are very flat features
that form when
B. not expensive
A. volcanoes spread lava on the ocean
C. can build a fire using the wood floor
D. none of above B. turbidity currents deposit sediments
on the ocean floor
9588. What is the name of the layer with the
air balloon (where climate phenomenon oc- C. ocean waters flood plains on land
curs)? D. plates diverge on the ocean floor caus-
ing sea-floor spreading

9593. What letter is closest to the location


where the spill volume was approximately
337, 000 gallons due to a Singapore-
owned vessel running aground?

A. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere A. Letter A

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1040

B. Letter B 9598. Name Ocean #1!


C. Letter C
D. Letter D
E. Letter E
9594. Name the Feature
A. Trench

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Rift Valley
A. Indian
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
B. Pacific
D. Guyre
9599. Which phase(s) of the moon would ex-
9595. Salinity in the ocean will be lowest perience the highest tides? (Choose all
A. near the poles that apply)
B. in the Mid-Atlantic A. Waning Gibbous
C. in partially enclosed seas B. Full Moon
D. in the Indian Ocean C. Waxing Crescent
D. Quarter Moon
9596. Tectonic plates are the
E. New Moon
A. crust and outer core Explanation:The moon has a gravitational
B. crust and inner core pull on bodies of water The moon phase
C. crust and middle mantle that would have the largest impact would
be when the moon is more fully exposed
D. crust and upper mantle
to the Earth
9597. Identify letter “C” 9600. Small animals that move throughout the
water such as squid, some fish, whales,
and seals are known as
A. plankton
B. nekton
C. benthos
D. photic
A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope 9601. Who was the first to describe the for-
mation of coral reef atolls?
C. Continental Rise
D. Continental break
E. Turbidity current

Explanation:

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1041

A. Ferdinand Magellan 9605. What is the name of this tool?


B. Charles Darwin

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C. James Cook
D. Jacques Cousteau

9602. What answer choice best describes tech-


nology used to determine if a planetary
body has an ocean below its surface during A. Secchi Disk
a spacecraft flyby? (From Chapter 1.1) B. Hydrophone
A. cameras that can send back images of C. Bottom Grab Sampler
geysers and ice spurting into space D. Hydrometer
B. lasers that sense the molecules of H2O 9606. From which ocean floor destination
in action below the surface would a sonar signal take the longest
C. sending robots to the surface to mea- amount of time to return to the receiver?
sure seismic waves under the surface for A. a trench
the presence of liquid B. an abyssal plain
D. the launching of drones that have the C. a continental shelf
ability to take samples of water below the D. a deep-ocean basin
surface
9607. On the bottom of the ocean there is
E. the use of echolocation from the space- a mountain range that divides the ocean
craft and the analysis of sound waves floor into two parts. This ocean landform
is called a
9603. What is longshore drift?
A. ocean basin
A. When waves lose energy and drop sed-
B. plain
iment along the coast.
C. mid-ocean ridge
B. The wearing away of land by water or
D. canyon
wind.
C. The movement of sediment along the 9608. Animals that live within the sediments
beach. of the seafloor are called
A. benthic animal
D. The distance that the wind has trav-
eled over water. B. aphotic animals
C. neritic animals
9604. If you are trapped in this current, one D. epipelagic animals
which pulls you away from shore, you
should swim parallel to the beach. 9609. Marine phosphate is an example of
which of the following sediment types?
A. RIP
A. Biogenous
B. Longshore
B. Hydrogenous
C. Upwelling C. lithogenous
D. Gulf Stream D. cosmogenous

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1042

9610. A horizontal movement of ocean water


that is caused by wind and that occurs at
or near the ocean’s surface.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Prevailing Westerlies
B. Equatorial Winds
A. Gulf Stream C. Trade Winds
B. Global Conveyor Belt D. Tropical Winds

C. Surface Current 9615. What is the name of the plant life found
in a saltmarsh?
D. Gyre
A. Dune Grass
9611. Areas of similar depth are noted by the B. Salt Grass
same color on a map.
C. Cordgrass
A. fathom D. Seagrass
B. contour
9616. Which of the following are examples of
C. soundings impervious covers? Choose all that apply.
D. bathymetric profile A. blacktops
B. precipitation
9612. Expand from Scientific Notation:1.89 x C. stovetops
10-4
D. rooftops
A. 0.00000189
E. soil
B. 1890000
9617. What group of people became the dom-
C. 0.000189 inant navigators in the middle ages, im-
D. 18900 proving the sextant and astrolabe?
A. Arabs
9613. Ocean currents have an affect on which B. Chinese
two things
C. English
A. climate and weather
D. Greeks
B. temperature and density
9618. A person who studies the ocean
C. land and sea
A. geologist
D. equator and poles B. oceanographer

9614. Upwelling occurs as the blow warm C. biologist


surface water away from the coast. D. audiologist

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1043

9619. Why were the Vikings able to discover A. Barrier beach or barrier island
Iceland, Greenland, and North America dur- B. Rocky cliff with deep water
ing the Middle Ages?

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C. Depositional shoreline
A. They had good ships
D. Narrow beach with steep drop-off
B. They had compasses
C. The climate warmed and the North At- 9625. Ocean currents are caused by-
lantic became free of ice A. underwater earthquakes
D. They were fleeing invading enemies B. human influence
C. sun moon and Earth interaction
9620. Which form of coastal flooding is NOT
caused by strong storms D. density differences
A. Storm Surge 9626. Cold water is dense
B. Extreme Wind A. More
C. High Tide B. Less
D. none of above C. Not measurable
9621. What was the world’s largest acciden- D. none of above
tal oil spill?
9627. Imaginary lines that run from the north
A. Gulf War pole to the south pole are
B. Exxon Valdez oil spill
C. Atlantic Empress
D. Deepwater Horizon

9622. what is a cold front?


A. cool and clear weather
B. warm and clear weather
C. days of clouds and precipitation
D. large amounts of snow or rain with
cooler temperatures A. lines of latitude
B. time zones
9623. Very slight increases in the acidity of
seawater marine organisms that make C. lines of longitude
shells. D. parallels
A. doesn’t bother
9628. What is a Tidal Range
B. has no effect on
A. The speed at which tides move.
C. is unhealthy and stresses B. The distance between two tidal waves.
D. none of above C. The depth of the ocean during high
9624. What type of shoreline features a broad, tide.
flat beach and shallow water that extends D. The difference in height between high
out for some distance? tide and low tide.

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1.1 OCEANOGRAPHY 1044

9629. Choose the correct option A. Nansen Bottle

B. Niskin Bottle

C. Reversible Thermometer

D. Sin

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Temperature and Depth Recorder

9630. Which of the following would be the


most reasonable prediction for the salinity
of an estuary?

A. 0

B. 18

C. 32

D. 35

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