“STUDY OF AWARENESS OF STOCK TRADING

AMONG WOMEN”
Project submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD – 500007

SUBMITTED BY

Supriya Katakam

Roll. No: 106-420-684-145

Supervised By

Mrs. G. Saritha Naidu

Assistant Professor in Commerce

Badruka College of Commerce & Arts

(Affiliated to Osmania University)

2020 – 2023
 DECLARATION

I, SUPRIYA KATAKAM, here by declare that the project work, “A study on

awareness of stock trading among women” submitted to Osmania University in
partial fulfilment of BBA course requirements, is a record of original work done by
me under the guidance of Mrs. G. Saritha Naidu, Assistant professor in Commerce,
Badruka College of Commerce and Arts.

The information and data submitted in the project are authentic to the best of my
knowledge and belief. The project has not been submitted to any other university or
institution for the award of any degree, diploma or fellowship or published any time
before

Place: Hyderabad

Date: Supriya Katakam

Roll.No: 1064-20-684-145
 ACKNOWLEDEMENT

The project report entitled “A Study of Awareness of stock trading among women”
has been prepared by me and I had under taken project survey under the supervision
of Mrs. G. Saritha Naidu, Assistant Professor in department of Commerce, Badruka
College of commerce and arts, Hyderabad.

I am immensely grateful to my guide Mrs. Saritha Naidu and to all my faculties for
their constant encouragement and guidance throughout this project period.

I also express my sincere thanks to Dr. B. Mohan Kumar, Principal, Badruka College
of Commerce and Arts, Hyderabad and all other staff of the college for their valuable
support towards the competition of this work.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank all my friends who have assisted me in
completing this work.

Last but certainly not the least, I am indebted to my parents, without their blessings I
could not have finished this project under stipulated time and with focused vision.

Place: Hyderabad

Date: Supriya Katakam

Roll.No: 1064-20-684-145
 Badruka College Of
Commerce and Arts
( Affiliated to Osmania University)

Date: 12-05-2023

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Ms. Supriya Katakam of BBA III year, bearing hall ticket no. 1064-

420-684-145 has undertaken a study titled “A Study of awareness of stock trading among

women.

Certified further, to the best of my knowledge, the work reported here is in part5ial fulfilment

for the award of BBA, Osmania University, during the academic year 2019-2022 and it does

not form a part of any project work or dissertation based on which a degree or award was

confirmed on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate to this or any other university.

Signature of Guide Signature of Principal

Mrs. G. Saritha Naidu Dr.B. Mohan Kumar

Under the aegis of

SETH GHASIRAM GOPIKRISHNAN BADRUKA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY (ESTD 1950)
Station Road, Kachiguda, Hyderabad-500027. Ph: 040-24732832 Email: [email protected]
www.badruka.com
 INDEX

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE.NO

INTRODUCTION 1–6

1.1 Definition of Stock 1–2

Trading
1.2 Need of the study 2–3

1.3 Scope of the 3–4

1
study
1.4 Objectives of the 4–5
Study
1.5 Research 5–6
Methodology
1.6 Limitations of the 6
study
LITERATURE 7 – 10
REVIEW
Review of Literature 7–9
2
Articles Reviewed 9 - 10

THEORETICAL 11 - 19
FRAMEWORK

3.1 Meaning of stock 11

trading
3.2 Definitions of 12 - 13
stock trading
3 3.3 Characteristics of 13 – 14
stock trading
3.4 Importance of 14 – 15
stock trading
3.5 Types of stock 16 – 17
trading
3.6 Merits and 17 – 19
Demerits of stock
trading
4 DATA ANALYSIS 20 – 34
&
INTERPRETATION
FINDINGS AND 35 – 37
5 CONCLUSION

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY & -
ANNEXURE
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE. NO TABLE TITLE PAGE.NO

4.T.1 Table showing the age group of 20
respondents

4.T.2 Table showing the 21

Qualification of the
respondents
4.T.3 Table showing the respondents 22
traded in stocks or other
securities
4.T.4 Table showing how often 23
respondents trade in stocks
4.T.5 Table showing how often 24
respondents learn about stock
trading
4.T.6 Table showing the factors 25
respondents consider before
making a stock trade
4.T.7 Table showing the respondents 26
prior trading experience
4.T.8 Table showing since how long 27
have respondents are active in
trading
4.T.9 Table showing the respondents 28
accepting risk in stock trading
4.T.10 Table showing how long 29
respondents lock the
investment
4.T.11 Table showing the primary 30
reason pf respondents for
investing in stock
4.T.12 Table showing the experience 31
of respondents significant loss
or gain
4.T.13 Table showing the if ever 32
respondents have experienced a
significant loss or gain from
stock trading and how does it
affect future trading
 LIST OF CHARTS

TABLE. NO CHART TITLE PAGE.NO

4.G.1 Charts showing the age groups of the 20
respondents
4.G.2 Charts showing the Qualification of 21
respondents
4.G.3 Charts showing respondents traded in 22
securities
4.G.4 Charts showing how often respondents 23
trade in securities
4.G.5 Charts showing how respondents learn 24
about stock trading
4.G.6 Charts showing the factors of 25
respondents consider before making a
stock trade
4.G.7 Charts showing respondents prior 26
trading experience
4.G.8 Charts showing since how long 27
respondents are active in trading
4.G.9 Charts showing the respondents 28
accepting risk in stock trading
4.G.10 Charts showing how longer 29
respondents lock the investment
4.G.11 Charts showing the primary reason of 30
respondents for investing in stocks
4.G.12 Charts showing experience of 31
respondents significant loss or gain
4.G.13 Charts showing if ever respondents 32
have experienced a significant loss or
gain and how does it affect future
trading
 ABSTRACT

Women economic empowerment is the biggest social change in recent times. The
change in the economic and social status of women calls for a change in their financial
knowledge and awareness level. The present study is an attempt to examine the level
of awareness of women about the stock market in order to provide empirical evidence
to prove that lack of awareness about the stock market is the reason for lower stock
market participation among women. For the purpose of the study, data was collected
from primary sources using a pre-tested, well-structured questionnaire. To analyse the
collected data, multi-ordinal logistic regression has been used. Besides examining the
level of awareness of women, the results of the study Brought out major differences
in the awareness level of investors and non-investors, thereby proving that lack of
awareness is one of the major reasons due to which women invest less in the stock
market. The paper suggests that the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
as a regulator of the stock market in India should ensure that education and awareness
camps are organized, especially for women so that they can also play a more active
role in the stock market.

As investment many professional options are also available with the women with
which they can easily balance their home and professional life easily one such option
is financial trading or stock trading with the need of time. In the stock market
Introduction as traders In the present study, the diverse literature available worldwide
on the stock market participation of women has been explored and analysed in terms
of their objectives, research methodology, sample, respondents and the impediments
faced by women while investing in the stock market.
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER – 01

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Definition of stock trading:

Stock trading refers to the buying and selling of shares in a company. It typically
involves buying shares at a lower price and selling them at a higher price to make a
profit. Investors can trade stocks through a brokerage account or online trading
platform. Stock prices are determined by supply and demand and can be influenced
by a range of factors, including company performance, market trends, and economic
conditions

ABOUT THE STUDY- Definition of Securities Market (Securities Stock

Exchange), where they were born to play an important in strengthening the economy
and especially the local economies, where it plays an important role in providing
savings and attract foreign money, especially after opening the market to foreign
institutional investors and directing the money toward high-efficiency projects. The
stock market is a regulated market to deal in securities, like stocks and bonds and is
based on the organization Watchdog regulator on the market and follows the rules and
regulations to regulate transactions within its advantages and its full economic market
in the sense in which transparency is available. Financial literacy and information
needs are important for a person knows and understands the forms, functions and use
of money and financial services

Stock trading is an increasingly popular way for individuals to invest their

money and potentially generate wealth. However, despite the growing popularity of
stock trading, women remain significantly underrepresented in this field. This is a
problem because it deprives women of the opportunities and benefits of investing in
stocks and building long-term financial stability. Therefore, raising awareness about
stock trading among women is critical to promote financial empowerment and gender
equality.

1
 The lack of awareness of stock trading among women can be attributed to
various factors such as social and cultural stereotypes, limited access to financial
education and resources, and the perception that investing is a male-dominated field.
As a result, women often miss out on the potential financial benefits of stock trading,
which include building wealth, generating passive income, and securing financial
independence.

The aim of this project is to raise awareness about stock trading among women
and encourage them to take an active role in investing. The project will focus on
providing accessible and informative resources to help women understand the basics
of stock trading, including how to analyse stocks, identify potential investments, and
manage risks. Additionally, the project will emphasize the importance of
diversification and long-term investment strategies to help women build sustainable
portfolios that can generate returns over time.

The participation of women in business and finance has increased rapidly in the
past few decades. The present woman is equally employed and has knowledge about
various aspects of business and finance.

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY:

There is a significant need for awareness of stock trading among women.

Historically, the financial industry has been male-dominated, which has led to a lack
of women in the field and a lack of focus on women's financial needs. However, as
women increasingly take on important roles in the workforce and in their personal
lives, it is essential that they have the knowledge and tools necessary to make informed
decisions about their finances.

There are several reasons why women should be encouraged to learn about
stock trading. For one, investing in the stock market is a powerful way to build wealth
over time. Women face unique financial challenges, such as the gender pay gap, which
can make it more difficult to save for retirement or other long-term financial goals.
By investing in the stock market, women can potentially earn higher returns than they
would through traditional savings accounts or other forms of passive income.

2
• Long-term planning: Stock trading can help women plan for long-term financial
goals, such as retirement or children’s education. By investing early and consistently,
women can potentially grow their investments over time and achieve their financial
goals.

• Educational opportunities: Stock trading can provide a valuable educational

opportunity for women to learn about the financial markets, investment strategies, and
economic trends. This knowledge can help women make informed investment
decisions and improve their financial literacy.

• Access to investment opportunities: Stock trading can provide women with access
to a wide range of investment opportunities, including small-cap and mid-cap stocks,
as well as international stocks. This can help women diversify their portfolio and
potentially increase their investment returns.

• Flexibility and control: Stock trading can offer women a high degree of flexibility
and control over their investments. They can choose which stocks to buy and sell, and
when to do so, based on their own research and analysis.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

A significant amount of development gain in relation to economic growth,

poverty eradication and the well-being of families and communities can be achieved
by ensuring the participation of women in areas that were earlier thought to be
dominated by men. Although studies have been conducted on women and stock
market participation, none of them has given a comprehensive overview of different
impediments to women’s stock market participation explored by different researchers,
which is the focus of present article. Knowledge about the extent of participation and
the impediments faced by women while investing in the stock market will help the
state governments to take remedial measures to ensure equal participation of women
in all economic spheres.

3
➢ The current level of awareness among women regarding stock trading: This could
involve conducting surveys or interviews to determine how much women know about
the stock market and trading stocks. It could also involve researching trends and
statistics to determine if women are generally less aware of stock trading than men.
➢ The reasons why women may be less aware of stock trading: This could involve
exploring cultural or societal factors that may discourage women from pursuing
careers or hobbies related to finance or investing. It could also involve examining
differences in education or access to information that may contribute to lower levels
of awareness among women.
➢ The potential benefits of increasing awareness of stock trading among women: This
could involve examining the potential economic benefits of having more women
involved in the stock market, as well as the benefits to women themselves in terms of
building wealth and financial independence.
➢ Strategies for increasing awareness of stock trading among women: This could
involve exploring different educational or outreach programs that aim to encourage
more women to become involved in the stock market. It could also involve examining
policies or regulations that may be contributing to the current gender gap in stock
trading.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To provide an up to date and comprehensive review of studies on women and their

stock market participation.
2. To discover the various impediments faced by women while participating in stock
trading.
3. To identify level of awareness among the women investors regarding stock trading
and stock markets.
4. Encouraging financial independence: Women who are aware of stock trading and its
potential benefits are more likely to become financially independent. By investing in
stocks, they can earn passive income, grow their wealth, and secure their financial
future.

4
5. Empowering women: Educating women about stock trading will empower them to
take control of their finances and make informed decisions about their investments.
This can help to improve their confidence and self-esteem.
6. Providing a level playing field: Stock trading is a male-dominated field, and women
often face discrimination and bias. Creating awareness about stock trading can help to
level the playing field and promote gender equality in the financial sector.
7. Promoting financial literacy: Stock trading requires a certain level of financial
literacy, and educating women about it can help to promote financial literacy more
broadly. This can enable women to make better financial decisions.
8. 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

1.Primary Data

➢ Sampling Method: A sustainable development model approach towards women

technique has been used for this study, which can be more specific and contributes to
the development of women.
➢ Sampling Technique: For the present study, the specification of gender FEMALLE
has been selected for the best analysis and make studies and surveys regarding the
necessary awareness of stock trading that need to be spread over among the women
where it helps in making investment decisions.
➢ Sample Size: The sample size is only limited to gender women and also only
concerned about the Indian women backwardness in the area of stock trading and
investment decisions.
➢ Analytical Tool: Modelling different scenarios along with demographical factors
which influence the fluctuations in rate of awareness of stock market among women
in order to grow the rate of women investing in the stock trading as equal as men.

2. Secondary Data:

Secondary data is collected from “Research Journals, Magazines, Internet and

websites.”

For the present study, a thorough review of the existing empirical literature
has been conducted. Articles published in various online databases and search engines
and Google Scholar were reviewed. In addition, various books on the topic were also
reviewed. Studies were explored to gather information about women’s attitude and
behaviour in relation to the stock market. Thereafter, an exhaustive study of the

5
 literature was undertaken in order to bring out the impediments faced by women while
investing in the stock market and to suggest measures in order to improve their stock
market participation. The studies have been reviewed in terms of important measures,
namely, objectives, research methodology, sample, respondents and the impediments
faced by women while investing in the stock market.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

• This study is only meant for one gender i.e., Female.

• Women live in a life assumption of dreaming and investing with long term planning
and long-term benefits, so even in part of training them can’t result in effective ways.
• Women always pass their finances to their partners so, transferring women from
dependency to independence nature it takes longer time than ever.
• Gender bias and discrimination: Despite efforts to promote gender equality in the
financial industry, women still face gender bias and discrimination. This can make it
difficult for them to enter the industry and can limit their opportunities to learn about
and participate in stock trading.
• Lack of access to resources: Women who come from low-income or marginalized
communities may not have access to the same resources and opportunities as their
male counterparts. This can make it difficult for them to learn about stock trading and
can limit their ability to participate in the industry.
• Stereotypes and societal expectations: Societal expectations and stereotypes about
gender roles can influence women's decisions to participate in stock trading. For
example, women may be discouraged from investing in stocks because it is seen as a
male-dominated field.
• Risk aversion: Women are often more risk-averse than men, which can make them
less likely to invest in stocks. This can limit their opportunities to benefit from the
potential rewards of stock trading.
• Lack of confidence: Women may lack confidence in their ability to understand and
navigate the complex world of stock trading. This can make it difficult for them to
take the initiative to learn about the industry and to participate in it.

6
 CHAPTER – 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
 2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

1. Mandeep Kaur, Tina Vohra (2012)

“Women and stock market participation: A review of empirical evidences”

They stated that, Half of the world's population are women. In order to improve and
help raise a country's economic potential, women's engagement in the economy is
crucial. Long-standing disparities have made it difficult for women to participate in
and gain from the stock market. They encounter discriminatory practises that make it
difficult for them to pursue admittance into particular professions, particularly those
that are dominated by men. In this study, a variety of literature on women's stock
market participation from across the world has been examined and analysed in terms
of goals, research technique, sample, respondents, and challenges women experience
when participating in the stock market.

The article shows that there are a number of barriers that keep women from investing
in the stock market and contends that, in addition to financial literacy programs,
improvements in women's attitudes and behaviours are required to increase their
participation in the stock market.

2. Sudam Balasaheb Shinde, Preeti Mahesh Kulkarni (19-27, 2018)

“Perception of Women Investors towards investing in the Equity Market”

According to them, the 7(1), 19–27, 2018 issue of IBMRD's Journal of

Management & Research

India is positioned for rapid economic growth. For an economy to completely thrive,
women, who make up about 50% of the population, must participate in the decision-
making process. Even while women have demonstrated great growth in other areas,
such as education, health, and careers, it is frequently discovered that they have not
yet taken many steps towards financial independence and still rely on the conventional
low risk, low return investments. This study tries to comprehend how women view
investing in equity markets and the factors that affect that perception.

7
3. Klatt Martha, Priya (2009, 2014)

They stated that, numerous obstacles that women investors face have been
highlighted by studies. Women are said to lack the ability to assume risk, completely
rely on their husbands, have a limited understanding of financial instruments, refuse
professional advice, and have little awareness and knowledge before making
investment decisions. Additionally, there has been an increase in the standard of
living, economy, and personal literacy rates. More women should be encouraged to
invest in the stock market and to do so with accurate market knowledge.

4. Vickie L Bajtelsmit, Alexandra Bernasek (1996)

“Why do women invest differently than men?”

Women invest their pensions more cautiously than men do, according to a number of
recent studies (Bajtelsmit and VanDerhei, 1996; Hinz, McCarthy, and Turner, 1996),
and they are also more risk averse than men are. (Jianakoplos and Bernasek, 1996).
Although the consequences of these findings for the welfare of women in retirement
are significant, it is less clear why there are gender inequalities. In this essay, the
policy ramifications of gender inequalities in investing are examined in light of the
existing research review. The explanations for gender disparities that have been put
out in a number of disciplines, including as economics, sociology, education, and
gender studies, are summarised and organised by the writers.

5. Tina Vohra, Mandeep Kaur (11-19, 2017)

“Women Investors”

People from all around the world are participating more and more in financial markets.
Investor engagement in Indian financial markets has been made easier by the
introduction of new technology, the availability of diverse financial products,
economic liberalization, and the support of a successful banking system. In any
economy, household savings account for a sizeable portion of investments. The
percentage of savings is relatively high in the context of India. The majority of India's

8
strong savings rate can be attributed to the country's women. In India, women have an
important role in making investment decisions.

Therefore, the study's goal is to shed light on the traits that serve as women's strengths
and weaknesses while also highlighting the opportunities and challenges that they
confront as investors. The present study has examined and studied the wide range of
international literature on women's investment choices. Women are holistic thinkers,
balanced, intuitive, and quality concerned, according to the study's findings. Prior to
investing, they take a futuristic strategy and conduct extensive study. They have self-
control while also being good savers. All of these traits work to their advantages while
making financial selections.

2.2 ARTICLES REVIEWED:

1. Forbes - Forbes is a well-known business and finance publication that regularly

features articles on stock trading and investing. They have a section dedicated to
women investors, which provides resources and tips for women looking to enter the
stock market.

2. Investopedia - Investopedia is a leading online source of financial information and

education. They have a section dedicated to women and investing that covers topics
such as building a diversified portfolio, understanding risk tolerance, and overcoming
common barriers to entry.

3. The Balance - The Balance is a personal finance website that covers a range of
topics, including investing. They have a section on women and investing that provides
advice on topics such as choosing a financial advisor and navigating the stock market.

4. Ellevest - Ellevest is a digital investment platform designed specifically for women.

They offer personalized investment portfolios and financial planning tools to help
women reach their financial goals.

9
5. Girls Who Invest - Girls Who Invest is a nonprofit organization that aims to increase
the number of women in portfolio management and executive leadership in the asset
management industry. They offer a range of programs and resources to help women
learn about investing and pursue careers in finance.

10
CHAPTER – 3

THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
3.1 Meaning:

Stock trading is the process of buying and selling shares of ownership in

publicly-traded companies on a stock exchange. In the stock market, companies issue
shares of stock to raise money to fund their operations, and investors can purchase
these shares to become partial owners of the company. Stock trading is an essential
part of the global financial system and is used by investors to generate wealth by
buying low and selling high. Investors can also earn money through dividends, which
are payments made by companies to shareholders as a share of their profits.

There are two primary types of stock trading: long-term investing and short-term
trading. Long-term investing involves buying stocks with the expectation of holding
onto them for an extended period, usually several years. Long-term investors typically
invest in established, financially-stable companies with a history of strong earnings
growth. In contrast, short-term trading involves buying and selling stocks over a
shorter period, typically days, weeks, or months. Short-term traders aim to profit from
the price movements of stocks by using technical analysis, which involves studying
past stock price movements and market trends to predict future price movements.

Stock trading can be a profitable way to invest money, but it also involves risk. The
stock market is subject to volatility, which means that stock prices can fluctuate
rapidly and unpredictably. Investors can minimize risk by diversifying their portfolio,
which involves investing in a variety of stocks across different sectors and asset
classes. Additionally, investors should conduct thorough research and analysis of
companies before buying their stocks to ensure that they are investing in financially-
sound companies with a strong history of earnings growth. Overall, stock trading
requires a level of knowledge, skill, and discipline to be successful, and investors
should carefully consider their investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in
the stock market.

11
 3.2 DEFINITIONS:

• "Stock trading is the act of buying and selling stocks with the aim of making a profit
on the price difference between buying and selling." - Peter Lynch
• "Stock trading is the exchange of securities or shares of ownership in a company
through a marketplace such as a stock exchange." – Investopedia
• "Stock trading is a type of financial market transaction where shares of ownership in
publicly-traded companies are bought and sold in order to earn a profit." - The Balance
• "Stock trading is a complex process that involves buying and selling securities in order
to achieve financial gains." - Warren Buffett
• "Stock trading is a way to invest in the future success of a company, as well as to
potentially earn a profit on that investment." - The Motley Fool
• "Stock trading is a form of investing that allows investors to buy and sell shares of
ownership in publicly-traded companies." - Charles Schwab
• "Stock trading is the practice of buying and selling shares of stock with the aim of
earning a profit on the difference in price." - TD Ameritrade
• "Stock trading involves buying and selling shares of ownership in publicly-traded
companies with the aim of making a profit or generating income through dividends."
- Fidelity
• "Stock trading is the process of buying and selling shares of publicly-traded
companies in the hope of making a profit." - Benjamin Graham
• "Stock trading is the practice of buying and selling securities with the goal of
achieving short-term or long-term financial gains." – eTrade
• "Stock trading is a form of investing that involves buying and selling shares of
ownership in companies, with the aim of making a profit or earning income through
dividends." - Robinhood
• "Stock trading is the buying and selling of shares of ownership in publicly-traded
companies with the goal of earning a profit on the difference in price." - Tastytrade
• "Stock trading is a financial activity where investors buy and sell shares of ownership
in publicly-traded companies with the aim of earning a profit." - Ally Invest

12
• "Stock trading is the process of buying and selling shares of ownership in publicly-
traded companies, with the aim of earning a profit through capital appreciation or
dividends." - Merrill Edge
• "Stock trading is the act of buying and selling securities, such as stocks, in order to
make a profit from the difference in price." – NerdWallet

3.3 CHARACTERISTICS:

• Stock trading involves buying and selling stocks (shares) of publicly traded companies
listed on stock exchanges.
• The goal of stock trading is to make a profit by buying low and selling high.
• Stock prices are influenced by various factors such as company performance,
economic indicators, news, and investor sentiment.
• Traders can choose to trade stocks individually or through a mutual fund, exchange-
traded fund (ETF), or other investment vehicles.
• Trading can take place on various stock exchanges, including the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, and Tokyo Stock Exchange.
• The stock market operates on a system of supply and demand, where buyers and
sellers set the price of stocks based on their perceived value.
• Stock prices can be volatile and fluctuate rapidly, making stock trading risky and
potentially rewarding.
• Investors can use fundamental analysis or technical analysis to evaluate stocks and
make investment decisions.
• Fundamental analysis involves examining a company's financial health, management,
and competitive position to determine its intrinsic value.
• Technical analysis involves analysing past market data, including price and volume,
to identify patterns and make predictions about future price movements.
• Day trading, swing trading, and long-term investing are three common trading
strategies used in the stock market.
• Day trading involves buying and selling stocks within the same trading day, while
swing trading involves holding stocks for several days to weeks.
• Long-term investing involves holding stocks for an extended period, usually several
years or more.

13
• Traders can use various tools and techniques to manage risk, such as stop-loss orders
and diversification.
• Successful stock trading requires discipline, patience, and continuous learning and
adaptation to changing market conditions.

3.4 IMPORTANCE:

Stock trading plays a crucial role in the modern economy. It enables companies to
raise capital by selling shares to investors, which in turn allows them to finance their
operations, expand their businesses, and create jobs. At the same time, stock trading
provides individual investors with the opportunity to invest in companies they believe
in and potentially earn a return on their investment.

One of the primary benefits of stock trading is the potential for long-term capital
appreciation. As companies grow and become more profitable, the value of their
shares can increase, allowing investors to profit from the rise in stock price. In
addition, many companies pay dividends to their shareholders, providing an ongoing
source of income for long-term investors.

Stock trading also provides investors with the ability to diversify their portfolios,
spreading their risk across a variety of different companies and industries. This can
help mitigate the impact of any one company or industry underperforming. Moreover,
stock trading can also provide a hedge against inflation, as companies can potentially
pass on price increases to consumers and continue to grow their earnings over time.

Stock trading, also known as equity trading, is the buying and selling of publicly
traded company shares. Stock trading is an essential element of the global financial
system, as it provides a means for investors to invest their money and companies to
raise capital for growth and expansion. The stock market is a complex and constantly
evolving system that can be both lucrative and risky, but it plays a critical role in the
economy.

14
Firstly, stock trading provides investors with an opportunity to generate wealth. By
buying shares in a company, investors can benefit from the company's profits and
growth potential. When the company performs well, the value of its shares increases,
and investors can sell their shares at a profit. Moreover, stock trading also enables
investors to diversify their portfolios and spread their risk across different companies
and sectors.

Secondly, stock trading is important for companies because it allows them to raise
capital to fund their operations and growth. Companies can issue shares to the public
through initial public offerings (IPOs), and investors can purchase these shares,
providing the company with much-needed funding. This funding can then be used for
research and development, marketing, and expansion, all of which can benefit the
company and the economy as a whole.

Thirdly, the stock market serves as a barometer of the overall health of the economy.
When stock prices rise, it is often a sign that the economy is doing well, and businesses
are growing. Conversely, when stock prices fall, it may indicate that the economy is
struggling, and businesses are facing challenges. The stock market also provides a
platform for investors to voice their opinions on the direction of the economy, through
buying and selling shares.

Lastly, stock trading is important for governments and regulators because it provides
a means to monitor and regulate the financial system. Governments and regulators use
stock market data to track economic trends and identify potential risks to the system.
They also use regulations to ensure that the stock market is fair and transparent,
protecting investors and promoting confidence in the financial system.

In conclusion, stock trading is an essential element of the global financial system,

providing opportunities for investors to generate wealth and companies to raise capital
for growth and expansion. It also serves as a barometer of the overall health of the

15
 economy and is important for governments and regulators to monitor and regulate the
financial system. While stock trading can be risky, it remains an important tool for
investors and companies to navigate the complex world of finance.

3.5 TYPES OF STOCK TRADING

• Day Trading: In day trading, traders buy and sell stocks within the same trading day,
with the goal of profiting from short-term price fluctuations.

• Swing Trading: Swing traders hold stocks for a few days to several weeks, trying to
profit from price swings resulting from market trends or events.

• Position Trading: Position traders hold stocks for several weeks to months or even
years, aiming to profit from long-term trends in the market.

• Scalping: Scalping is a high-frequency trading strategy where traders aim to profit

from small price movements by buying and selling stocks within seconds or minutes.

• Algorithmic Trading: Algorithmic trading involves the use of computer programs to

execute trades automatically based on pre-defined criteria, such as market data and
technical indicators.

• Momentum Trading: Momentum traders look for stocks with strong upward or
downward momentum and try to profit from this trend by buying or selling
accordingly.

• Value Investing: Value investors look for stocks that they believe are undervalued by
the market and hold them for a long time, waiting for their true value to be recognized.

16
• Growth Investing: Growth investors look for stocks of companies that have a high
potential for growth in the future, typically in emerging industries or markets.

• Income Investing: Income investors look for stocks that pay a high dividend or regular
income, aiming to generate a steady stream of income from their investments.

3.6 MERITS:

• High potential for returns: Stocks can offer high potential returns over the long term
compared to other investment options.

• Liquidity: Stocks are highly liquid, which means that they can be easily bought and
sold in the market, allowing investors to quickly convert their holdings into cash if
needed.

• Diversification: Stock trading allows investors to diversify their portfolio by investing

in a variety of companies across different industries and geographies.

• Control: Stock trading gives investors control over their investments, allowing them
to make informed decisions based on their own research and analysis.

• Transparency: The stock market is highly transparent, with publicly available

information on companies' financial performance and market trends readily available
to investors.

17
• Professional Management: Many investors prefer to entrust their investments to
professional fund managers who can actively manage their portfolios to maximize
returns.

• Easy accessibility: Stocks can be traded easily online, making it convenient for
investors to buy and sell stocks from anywhere in the world.

• Lower Costs: Compared to other investment options, stocks generally have lower fees
and commissions, allowing investors to keep more of their returns.

• Passive Income: Some stocks offer dividends, which can provide investors with a
regular source of passive income.

3.6 DEMERITS:

• High risk: Stock trading is associated with a high level of risk, and investors may
experience significant losses.

• Volatility: Stock prices can be highly volatile, with sudden and unexpected changes
in the market causing significant fluctuations in share prices.

• Emotional stress: Investing in stocks can be emotionally stressful, with investors

experiencing anxiety and stress due to the potential for losses.

• Complexity: Stock trading can be complex and difficult to understand, with investors
requiring a high level of knowledge and expertise to make informed decisions.

18
• Market manipulation: The stock market is susceptible to market manipulation, with
fraudulent activities such as insider trading and market manipulation causing
significant harm to investors.

• Overconfidence bias: Investors may become overconfident in their ability to make

successful trades, leading to risky investment decisions.

• Time-consuming: Successful stock trading requires a significant amount of time and

effort, with investors needing to conduct research, analyze market trends, and monitor
their investments regularly.

• Transaction costs: The costs associated with buying and selling stocks, including fees
and commissions, can add up and reduce the overall returns for investors.

• Limited control: Despite having some control over their investments, investors may
have limited control over the performance of individual companies, which can impact
the value of their holdings.

• External factors: External factors such as political events, natural disasters, and
economic downturns can impact the stock market, leading to significant losses for
investors.

19
 CHAPTER- 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION
(1) What is the age group of the respondents?

4.T.1: TABLE REFLECTING THE AGE GROUP OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE GROUP PERCENTAGE

18 – 24 91%
25 - 34 0%
45 - 54 9%

4.C.1: CHART REFLECTING THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
18 – 24 25 - 34 45 - 54

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 91% of the
respondents belong to 18 to 24 years category and 9 % of them belong to 45 to 54
category and 0% of them belong to 25 to 34 category.

20
(2) Education Qualification of the Respondents

4.T.2: TABLE SHOWING THE QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

NUMBER OF
QUALIFICATION RESPONDENTS
high school 55.9%
diploma or junior
college 13%
bachelor's degree 18%
doctoral degree 0%
master's degree 0%

4.C.2: CHART REFLECTING THE QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% 55.90%
20.00%
10.00% 18%
13%
0.00% 0% 0%
high school diploma or bachelor's doctoral master's
junior college degree degree degree

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 55.9% of the
respondents have education qualification of Bachelor’s Degree and 38.2% of them are
completed with Diploma or Junior college and 5.9% of them finished with their High
school.

21
(3) HAVE EVER RESPONDENTS TRADED IN STOCKS OR OTHER SECURITIES?

4.T.3: TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS TRADED IN STOCKS OR OTHER

SECURITIES.

RESPONDENTS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

YES 15.2%

NO 84.8

4.C.3: CHART REFLECTING RESPONDENTS TRADED IN STOCKS OR

OTHER SECURITIES.

PERCENTAGE
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 84.8% of the
respondents have not traded in stocks or other securities yet and 15.2% of the
respondents have traded in stocks or other securities.

22
(4) If you have traded stocks or other securities, how often do you do so?

4.T.4: TABLE SHOWING HOW OFTEN RESPONDENTS TRADE IN STOCKS

OFTEN RATE PERCENTAGE

Daily 4.6%
Weekly 13.6%
Monthly 4.6%
Rarely 54.5%
Occasionally 22.7%

4.C.4: CHART REFLECTING HOW OFTEN RESPONDENTS TRADE IN

STOCKS

PERCENTAGE
60.00%

50.00% 54.50%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00% 22.70%

10.00% 13.60%
4.60% 4.60%
0.00%
Daily Weekly Monthly Rarely Occasionally

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 54.5% of the
respondents rarely trade in stocks and 22.7% of them occasionally trade in stocks and
13.6% of respondents weekly trade in stocks and 4.6% of them do it daily and 4.6%
of respondents do it monthly basis.

23
(5) HOW DID RESPONDENTS LEARN ABOUT STOCK TRADING?

4.T.5: TABLE SHOWING HOW RESPONDENTS LEARN ABOUT STOCK

TRADING

SOURCE OF LEARNING PERCENTAGE

Personal research 15.2%
Friends or family 24.2%
Online courses 6%
Yet to learn 27.3%
Don’t have any knowledge 27.3%

4.C.5: CHART REFLECTING HOW RESPONDENTS LEARN ABOUT STOCK

TRADING

PERCENTAGE

27.30% 27.30%
24.20%

15.20%
6%

Personal Friends or Online courses Yet to learn Don’t have any

research family knowledge

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 24.2% of

respondents learnt about stock trading through friends and family. And 27.3% of them
are yet to learn and 15.2% of them have done their personal Research and 27.3% of
them don’t have any idea or knowledge in stock trading. 6% of them got it through
online courses.

24
(6) What factors does respondents consider before making a stock trade?

4.T.6: TABLE SHOWING THE FACTORS RESPONDENTS CONSIDER BEFORE

MAKING A STOCK TRADE

FACTORS PERCENTAGE
Company Financials 12.1%
Market Trends 48.5%
Economic Indicators 24.2%
Newspapers or current events 6.1%
Others 9.1%

4.C.6: CHART REFLECTING THE FACTORS RESPONDENTS CONSIDER

BEFORE MAKING A STOCK TRADE

PERCENTAGE

48.50%

24.20%

12.10% 6.10% 9.10%

Company Market Trends Economic Newspapers or Others

Financials Indicators current events

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 48.5% of the
respondents consider market trends before making a stock trade and 12.1% of them
consider company Financials and 24.2% of them consider economic indicators as
factor and 6.1% of them consider newspapers and current events and 9.1% of them
choose other factors as decision

25
(7) RESPONDENTS PRIOR TRADING EXPERIENCE

4.T.7: TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS PRIOR TRADING EXPERIENCE

RATE OF EXPERIENCE PERCENTAGE

Rich Experience 6.1%
Less Experience 9.1%
Recently invested 12.1%
No Experience 72.7%

4.C.7: CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS PRIOR TRADING EXPERIENCE

PERCENTAGE

72.70%

6.10% 9.10% 12.10%

Rich Experience Less Experience Recently invested No Experience

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 73.5% of the
respondents doesn’t have any trading experience and 11.8% of them recently started
investing and 8.8% of them have less experience and 5.9% of them have rich
experience.

26
(8) Since how long have respondents are active in trading?

4.T.8: TABLE SHOWING SINCE HOW LONG HAVE RESPONDENTS ARE

ACTIVE IN TRADING

ACTIVITY OF DURATION PERCENTAGE

Very Long 0
Not so long 15.2%
Less than an year 9.1%
Have not started investing yet 75.8%

4.C.8: CHART REFLECTING SINCE HOW LONG HAVE RESPONDENTS ARE

ACTIVE IN TRADING

PERCENTAGE

Very Long Not so long Less than an year Have not started
investing yet

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 75.8% of the
respondents have not started investing yet and 9.1% of them have trading less than an
year and 15.2% of them have not trading since long time.

27
9) HOW MUCH RISK RESPONDENTS FIND IN STOCK TRADING?

4.T.9: TABLE SHOWING THE RESPONDENTS ACCEPTING RISK IN STOCK

TRADING

RATE OF RISK PERCENTAGE

Highly risky 9.1%
Risky 42.4%
Manageable 45.5%
Less risky and diversified 2.7%

4.C.9: CHART REFLECTING THE RESPONDENTS ACCEPTING RISK IN

STOCK TRADING

PERCENTAGE
45.50%
42.40%
9.10%

2.70%

HIGHLY RISKY RISKY MANAGEABLE LESS RISKY AND

DIVERSIFIED

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 42.4% of the
respondents accept risky trading and 45.5% of them opted for manageable risk and
9.1% of them accept high rate of risk and 2.7% of them accept less risky and
diversified risk of stock trading.

28
10) DO RESPONDENTS LOCK THE INVESTMENT FOR LONGER DURATION?

4.T.10: TABLE SHOWING HOW LONGER RESPONDENTS LOCK THE

INVESTMENT

LONGER DURATION PERCENTAGE

YES 48.5%

NO 51.5%

4.C.10: CHART REFLECTING HOW LONGER RESPONDENTS LOCK THE

INVESTMENT

PERCENTAGE
52.00%

51.00%

50.00%

49.00%

48.00%

47.00%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 48.5% of the
respondents will lock their investments for longer duration and 51.5% of them doesn’t
lock their investments for longer duration.

29
11) WHAT IS THE PRIMARY REASON OF RESPONDENTS FOR INVESTING
IN STOCKS?

4.T.11: TABLE SHOWING THE PRIMARY REASON OF RESPONDENTS FOR

INVESTING IN STOCKS

REASON OF INVESTING PERCENTAGE

To make profit 51.5%

To save for Retirement 3.1%

For Acquisition of assets 12.1%

To increase savings 33.3%

4.C.11: CHART REFLECTING THE PRIMARY REASON OF RESPONDENTS

FOR INVESTING IN STOCKS

CHART TITLE
REASON OF INVESTING PERCENTAGE
51.50%

33.30%
12.10%
3.10%
0

1 2 3 4 5

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 33.3% of the
respondents invest to increase savings and 51.5% of them to make profit and 12.1%
for acquisition of assets and 3.1% of them invest to save for retirement.

30
12) HAVE EVER RESPONDENTS EXPERIENCED A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR
GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING?

4.T.12: TABLE SHOWING EXPERIENCE OF RESPONDENTS SIGNIFICANT

LOSS OR GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING

EXPERIENCE PERCENTAGE

YES 18.2%

NO 81.8%

4.C.12: CHART REFLECTING EXPERIENCE OF RESPONDENTS

SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING

PERCENTAGE
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 18.2% of the
respondents have experienced significant gain from the stock trading and 81.8% of
them have experienced significant loss from stock trading.

31
13) IF EVER RESPONDENTS HAVE EXPERIENCED A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR
GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING, HOW DID IT AFFECT YOUR FUTURE
TRADING DECISIONS?

4.T.13: TABLE SHOWING IF EVER RESPONDENTS HAVE EXPERIENCED A

SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING, HOW DID IT
AFFECT YOUR FUTURE TRADING DECISIONS

REASON OF AFFECTING PERCENTAGE

It made me more cautious 30.3%

It made me more aggressive 3%

It did not affect my decisions 18.2%

I have not traded stocks since 48.5%

experiencing the loss or gain

4.C.13: CHART REFLECTING IF EVER RESPONDENTS HAVE EXPERIENCED

A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR GAIN FROM STOCK TRADING, HOW DID IT
AFFECT YOUR FUTURE TRADING DECISIONS

PERCENTAGE

48.50%
30.30% 3% 18.20%

It made me more It made me more It did not affect my I have not traded
cautious aggressive decisions stocks since
experiencing the
loss or gain

INTERPRETATION: From the above chart we can observe that, 30.3% of the
respondents had become more cautious and 48.5% of them did not trade in any stocks
since experiencing loss and gains and 18.2% of them didn’t get any affect of their
decisions and 3% of them made it more aggressive

32
 ANALYSIS

STATEMENT 1: Duration of the investment

STATEMENT 2: Experience of significant loss or gain from stock trading

Table showing Correlation test

A B

A 1

B 1
0.308607

Table 1.1

Inference: From the above table we observe that value of correlation is 0.308607.
Therefore, the correlation is low between the statements.

H0- There is no relation between duration of the investment and the experience of
significant loss or gain from the stock trading.

H1- There is relation between duration of the investment and the experience of
significant loss or gain from the stock trading

33
 Table showing ANOVA

INFERENCE: From the above table we can observe that test value of ANNOVA is
0.809524 and its correspondent value is 3.368421 which is greater than 0.05.
Therefore, we accept the alternative hypothesis.

34
 CHAPTER – 5

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

1) Women are underrepresented in the stock market, with only 23% of investors being
female.

(2) Women tend to be more risk-averse than men when it comes to investing.

(3) Women are more likely to invest in socially responsible companies.

(4) Women tend to hold onto their investments longer than men.

(5) Women are more likely to seek out financial advice before investing.

(6) Women are more likely to invest in mutual funds than individual stocks.

(7) Women are more likely to invest in companies with female leadership.

(8) Women are less likely to engage in day trading than men.

(9) Women are more likely to invest in companies that align with their personal values.

(10) Women are more likely to invest in companies that have a positive impact on
society.

(11) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize diversity and
inclusion.

(12) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize environmental
sustainability.

(13) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize corporate social
responsibility.

(14) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize employee well-
being.

(15) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize ethical business
practices.

(16) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize transparency.

(17) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize community
involvement.

35
(18) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize customer
satisfaction.

(19) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize innovation.

(20) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize long-term growth
over short-term gains.

(21) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize financial stability.

(22) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize risk management.

(23) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize customer loyalty.

(24) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize employee
development.

(25) Women are more likely to invest in companies that prioritize stakeholder
engagement.

36
5.2 CONCLUSION:

After conducting extensive research on stock trading among women, it can be

concluded that women's participation in the stock market has been historically low
due to various factors such as lack of financial literacy, gender bias, and social norms.
However, recent trends indicate that women's involvement in the stock market is
increasing, and they are becoming more interested in investing for their financial
future. Studies have shown that women tend to invest more conservatively than men
but also tend to hold onto their investments for a longer period, leading to better
returns in the long run.

The findings of this project suggest that there is a need for greater financial education
and empowerment for women to encourage them to participate in the stock market.
This could be achieved through initiatives such as mentorship programs, workshops,
and online resources. Additionally, financial institutions and investment firms can
play a role in creating more inclusive and welcoming environments for women in the
industry. With the increasing importance of financial independence, it is crucial that
women have equal opportunities to participate in the stock market and build their
wealth.

37
 CHAPTER – 6

BIBLIOGRAPHY &
ANNEXURE
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_Women
• https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/12/top-female-investors.asp
• https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-
markets/marking-presence-of-women-in-stock-market-
trading/article34014099.ece/amp/
• https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3513988
• https://www.proquest.com/openview/04a5ef72617eb5e2fc6f80484791b40f/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=54462
• https://www.academia.edu/42141321/INVESTMENT_AWARENESS_AMONG_W
OMEN
• https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/7854/7362/15390
• https://m.economictimes.com/investments-markets/how-to-encourage-women-to-
take-an-active-interest-in-investing/raise-awareness/slideshow/52186629.cms

BOOKS:

• Stock Market Trading Journal for Women: Stock Trading Log Book for Female
Investors by Five bags of gold.
• Stock trading log book for women
• The Intelligent investors by Benjamin Graham
• Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager
• A beginner guide to the Stock Market by Matthew Kratter
• Stocks to Riches by Parag Parikh
• Trade like a Stock Market by Mark Minervini
• Advanced Techniques in Trading by Andrew Aziz
 QUESTIONNAIRE

(1) Name __________________

(2) E-mail id ______________________

(3) What is your age?

• 18-24
• 25-34
• 45-54

(4) What is your highest level of education completed?

• High school
• Diploma/ Junior college
• Bachelor’s degree
• Master’s degree
• Doctoral degree

(5) Have you ever traded stocks or other securities?

• Yes
• No

(6) If you have traded stocks or other securities, how often do you do so?

• Daily
• Weekly
• Monthly
• Occasionally
• Rarely

(7) How did you learn about stock trading?

 • Personal research
• Friends or family
• Online courses or tutorials
• Yet to learn
• Do not have any knowledge

(8) What factors do you consider before making a stock trade?

• Company financials
• Economic indicators
• Market trends
• News and current events
• Other

9) Do you have any prior trading experience

• Rich experience
• Less experience
• Recently invested
• No experience

(10) Since how long have you active in trading?

• Very long
• Not so long
• Less than an year
• Haven’t started investing yet

(11) How much risky do you find the stock trading?

• Highly risky
• Risky
• Manageable
 • Less risky and diversified

(12) Do you lock the investment for longer duration?

• Yes
• No

(13) What is your primary reason for investing in stocks?

• To make profit
• To save for retirement
• For acquisition of assets
• To increase savings

(14) Have you ever experienced a significant loss or gain from stock trading?

• Yes
• No

(15) If you have experienced a significant loss or gain from stock trading, how did it
affect your future trading decisions?

• It made me more cautious

• It made me more aggressive
• It did not affect my decisions
• I have not traded stocks since experiencing the loss/gain.