Appendix A 80x86 Instructions A.1 Non-floating Point Instructions ‘This section lists and describes the actions and formats of the non- floating point instructions of the Intel 80x86 CP ‘The formats use the following abbreviations: R__] general rogister R8_ | Sit register R16 | 16-bit register R32 | 32-bit register SR_ | segment register M_ | memory M8 | byte M16 | word MB2 | double word T__| immediate value These can be combined for the multiple operand instructions. For example, the format R, R means that the instruction takes two register operands, Many of the two operand instructions allow the same operands. The abbre- viation 02 is used to represent these operands: R,R R,M RI M,R ML. a 8-bit register or memory can be used for an operand, the abbreviation, R/MB is used. ‘The table also shows how various bits of the FLAGS register are affected by each instruction. If the column is blank, the corresponding bit is not affected at all. Ifthe bit is always changed to a particular value, a 1 or 0 is shown in the column, If the bit is changed to a value that depends on the operands of the instruction, a C is placed in the column. Finally, if the bit is modified in some undefined way a ? appears in the column. Because the 173174 only instructions that change the direction flag are CLD and STD, APPENDIX A. 80X86 INSTRUCTIONS listed under the FLAGS columns. it is not Flags Name Description Formats “0S _Z A PC ‘abe Add with Cany OZ CTcyeyeyayc ADD Add Integers 02 c{cfc]c}c}e AND Bitwise AND. 02 ofcle}zte BSWAP Byte Swap R32 CALL Call Routine RMI caw Convert Byte to Word coq Convert Dword to Quord ci Clear Carry 0 cL Clear Direction Flag ag Complement Cary c cM Compare Integers o2 ele e}elec cMPSE Compare Bytes clic c]elc usw Compare Words clic c]elc cups Compare Dwords cle c}clc cD Convert Word to Dword into DX:AX CHE Convert Word to Dword into BAX Decrement Integer RM clc}e]e Unsigned Divide RM rlefelele ‘Make stack frame 10 Signed Divide RM a|rlrtetele Signed Multiply R mic}7|2}z]}zfe R16,R/MI6 R32,R/M32 R161 R321 R16,R/Mi6,I R32,R/M32,1 INC Increment Integer RM elc}e}ele INT Generate Interrupt — | 1 JA Jump Above I JAE Jump Above or Equal | 1 3B Jump Below I JBE Jump Below or Equal | 1 Je Jump Carry IAl. NON-FLOATING POINT INSTRUCTIONS 175 Flags Name Description Formats “0S _Z APC TOKZ Tump if CX = 0 T JE Jump Equal I Je Sump Greater I IGE Jump Greater or | Equal Jump Less 1 Jump Less or Equal | 1 Unconditional Jump | R MI Jump Not Above I Jump Not Above or | Equal NB Jump Not Below I INBE Jump Not Below or | I Equal Jump No Carry I Jump Not Equal I Jump Not Greater | 1 Jump Not Greater or | 1 qual Jump Not Less 1 Jump Not Less or | I Equal No Sump No Overfiow — | 1 aus Jump No Sign I Nz Jump Not Zero I 30 Jump Overflow 1 IPE Jump Parity Even | 1 JPO Sump Parity Odd] T Is Sump Sign I az Jump Zero I LARF Load FLAGS into AH LEA Load Effective Address | R32,.M LEAVE Leave Stack Frame LopsB Load Byte LODsw Load Word Lopsp Load Dword Loop Loop I LooPE/LooPZ | Loop If Equal 1 LooPNE/LooPNZ | Loop If Not Equal__| I176 APPENDIX A. 80X86 INSTRUCTIONS Flags Name Description Formats “0S _Z A PC HOV ‘Move Data 02 SR.R/M16 R/M16SR NovsB Move Byte Movsw Move Word MavsD Move Dword Mavsx Move Signed R16,R/M8. R32,R/M8. R32,R/M16 Novzx Move Unsigned R16,R/MS. R32,R/MB. R32,R/M16 Unsigned Multiply | RM c]r}ele}ele Negate RM cle}cye © No Operation 1's Complement RM Bitwise OR 02 ofcle}z]|c}o Pop From Stack R/ML6 R/M32 POPA Pop All POPF Pop FLAGS clclc|c}ele PUSH Push to Stack R/MIG R/M32 1 PUSHA Push All PUSHF Push FLAGS RCL Rotate Left with Carry | R/M,I c R/M,CL RCR Rotate Right with | R/MT c c Camry R/M,CL REP Repeat REPE/REPZ Repeat If Equal REPNE/REPNZ | Repeat If Not Equal RET Return ROL Rotate Le R/MI ° c R/MCL ROR Rotate Right R/MI c R/M,CL SARE Copies AH into clcle]e}e FLAGSA.L. NON-FLOATING POINT INSTRUCTIONS it Flags Name Description Formats “05 Z A PO SAL Shifts to Left R/MI C R/M, CL SBB Subtract with Borrow | 02 clc]clc]c}e SCASB Scan for Byte cle]c|c]c}e SCASW can for Word c]c]e|c]c}e SCASD Scan for Dword c|cle|c]c}e SETA Set Above R/M8 SETAE Set Above or Equal | R/MS SETB Set Below R/M8 SETBE Sct Below or Equal | R/M8 SETC Sot Camry. R/MS SETE Set Equal R/MS SETG Set Greater R/M8 SETGE Set Greater or Equal | R/MS SETL Set Less R/M8 SETLE Set Less or Equal R/M8 SETNA Set Not Above R/MS SETNAE Set Not Above or | R/MS Equal SETNB Set Not Below R/M8 SETNBE Set Not Below or | R/MS Equal SETNC Set No Cany R/M8 SETNE Set Not Equal R/MS SETNG Set Not Greater R/MS SETNGE Set Not Greater or | R/M8 Equal SETNL Set Not Less R/MS SETNLE Set Not LEss or Equal | R/M8 SETNO ct No Overflow R/MS SETNS Set No Sign R/MS SEINZ Set Not Zero R/M8 SETO Set Overflow R/Ms SETPE Set Parity Even R/M8 SETPO Set Parity Odd R/M8 SETS Sot Sign R/M8 SETZ Set Zero R/M8 SAR Arithmetic Shift to | R/M,I Right R/M, CL178 APPENDIX A. 80X86 INSTRUCTIONS Flags Name Description Formats “0-5 Z A PC] SHR Logical Shift to Right | R/MI c R/M, CL SHL Logical Shift to Left | R/M,I c R/M, CL ste Set Carry 1 sTD Set Direction Flag STOSB Store Btye sTOSW Store Word sTOsD Store Dword SUB Subtract 02 cle cle TEST Logical Compare R/MR ofc c}o R/MI xCHG Exchange R/MR RR/M xOR, Bitwise XOR 02 ojcle cloA.2. FLOATING POINT INSTRUCTIONS 179 A.2 Floating Point Instructions In this section, many of the 80x86 math coprocessor instructions are described. The description section briefly describes the operation of the instruction. To save space, information about whether the instruction pops the stack is uot given in the description The format column shows what type of operands can be used with each instruction. The following abbreviations are used STn | A coprocessor register F ingle precision number in memory D__ | Double precision number in memory E | Extended precision number in memory 116 | Integer word im memory 132. | Integer double word in memory 164 _| Integer quad word in memory Instructions requiring a Pentium Pro or better are marked with an as- terisk(*) {L_Instruction Description Format FABS S10 = [STO] FADD sre STO += sre sTaFD FADD dest, To | dest += STO STn FADDP dest [,ST0] | dest += STO STn FCHS sto = ~sto FCOM sre Compare ST0 and sre staFD FCOMP sre Compare S10 and sre stn FD FCOMPP sre Compares STO and ST1 FCOMI" sre Compares into FLAGS STn FCOMIP* sre Compares into FLAGS STn FDIV sre STO /= sre STaFD FDIV dest, sto | dest /= STO Sn FDLVP dest [,810] | dest /= Sto sTn FDIVR sre ST0 = src/STO stn FD FDIVR dest, STo | dest = STO/dest STn FDIVAP dest [,ST0] | dest = STO/dest STn FFREE dest Marks as empty STn FIADD sre STO += sre 116 132 FICOM sre Compare ST0 and sre 116 132 FICOMP sre Compare S10 and sre nie 132 FIDIV sre STO /= sre ne 132 FIDIVR sre ST0_= src /STO 116 132180 APP! IX A, 80X86 INSTRUCTIONS Tastruction ‘Description Format FILD sre Push sre on Stack Tie 132 16d FIMUL sre STO == sre lie 132 FINIT Initialize Coprocessor FIST dest Store ST0 116 132 FISTP dest Store STO 116 132 164 FISUB sre STO -= sre 116 132 FISUBR sre STO = sre ~ STO 116 132 FLD sre Push sre on Stack Str FDE FLD1. Push 1.0 on Stack FLDCW sre Load Control Word Register | 116 FLDPT Push a on Stack FLDZ Push 0.0 on Stack FMUL sre STO *= sre sTnFD FMUL dest, STO dest *= STO FMULP dest (,STO] | dest ¥*= STO STn FRNDINT Round STO FSCALE STO = STO x 215" FSQRT sto = VSTO FST dest Store S70 str FD FSTP dest Store S70 Str FDE FSTCW dest Store Control Word Register | 116 FSTSW dest Store Status Word Register | T16 AX FSUB sre STO -= sre STaFD FSUB dest, STO dest -= STO STn FSUBP dest [,STO] | dest -= STO Stn FSUBR sre STO = sro-ST0 Stn FD FSUBR dest, STO | dest = STO-dest STn FSUBP dest [,STO] | dest = STO-dest STn FIST Compare STO with 0.0 FXCH dest Exchange STO and dest STn