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This project aims to create an automated home security and safety system. It uses various sensors like ultrasonic, PIR, gas, temperature, vibration, and LDR sensors connected to an Arduino board. The system can detect intruders, monitor for gas leaks, control a cooling fan based on temperature, and automatically turn lights on based sensed light levels, providing safety and comfort. Applications include home security, gas leakage detection, smart home automation, and energy efficient operation. The system is powered by DC making it portable and can be activated/deactivated using a button for familiar identification.

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thehonouredone1234
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22 views

Project File

This project aims to create an automated home security and safety system. It uses various sensors like ultrasonic, PIR, gas, temperature, vibration, and LDR sensors connected to an Arduino board. The system can detect intruders, monitor for gas leaks, control a cooling fan based on temperature, and automatically turn lights on based sensed light levels, providing safety and comfort. Applications include home security, gas leakage detection, smart home automation, and energy efficient operation. The system is powered by DC making it portable and can be activated/deactivated using a button for familiar identification.

Uploaded by

thehonouredone1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project File

PM SHRI
Kendriya Vidyalaya Dhenkanal
Sub Theme: Computational Thinking

Project Name: Home Automation and Security System

Name: Ayan Singh


Class: IX ‘A’
INTRODUCTION
 Purpose of the Project
The project is dedicated to creating a secure and automated residential environment. In
response to the rising incidents of theft, also providing with the safety concern of LPG
cylinder explosions by incorporating a gas sensor, along with a fire alarm and also
monitoring ambient temperature and activating a cooling fan, ensuring a comfortable
and safe living space.

 Scientific Principle Involved


An ultrasonic sensor is fit in it that emits ultrasonic sound waves, which are waves with a
frequency higher than 20 kHz. Once emitted, these waves propagate through air until
they encounter an object. And when they encounter they reflect back to their origin, i.e.
the sensor. Then the echo is detected by the sensor and it calculates the distance. The
calculated distance is then converted to electrical signal that is read by the micro
controller afterwards and then it gives a output with respect to the sensor. A PIR sensor
is also fit in it which acts along with the ultrasonic sensor to provide an enhanced
security system, the sensor is a type of motion sensor and works on the principles of
infrared rays such that if it senses a change in rays then it will detect that there is some
kind of motion. The gas sensor fit in it is composed of semi conductors, or metal oxides,
which are generally gas detection materials, when the targeted gas comes in contact
with the sensing material it undergoes a chemical reaction during which it is converted
to an electrical signal. The signal is then sent to the micro controller, which works
accordingly to the sensor and provides an output. For temperature sensing the project
uses a dht11 sensor which has a thermistor attached to it. This thermistor converts the
analog signals to digital signals which is identified by the micro controller and then
works accordingly to the sensor. A vibration sensor is also added to it, which has a
piezoelectric element(that can convert mechanical into electrical energy) in it, when
sensor is vibrated, the element inside it generates a voltage, that triggers the internal
switch and then on the basis of which signals go to the micro controller and then it
responds accordingly.
DESCRIPTION
 Materials Used
The materials used in the project are given as follows:

1. Arduino UNO R3: Micro controller board for system control and data processing.

2. Breadboard: Platform for connecting electronic components.

3. Jumper Wires: Wires for creating electrical connections on the breadboard.

4. Ultrasonic Sensor: Detects intruders by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves.

5. PIR sensor: Works along with ultrasonic to detect intruders by detecting the
change in infrared rays.

6. DHT11 Sensor: Measures temperature and humidity.

7. MQ2 Sensor: Gas sensor specifically designed for detecting, propane, butane.

8. LDR sensor: Detects darkness in the environment and gives an output


accordingly.

9. SW 420 sensor: Detects vibration and turns on alarm as needed.

10. Buzzer: Emits audible alerts or alarms in response to system triggers.

11. RGB SMD LED Module: Provides visual indicators, such as the blue light for gas
leakage, red light for intruder identification.

12. Button: Is used for familiar identification and to deactivate or activate the circuit.

13. DC Motor: Controls the cooling fan in response to high temperatures.

14. LCD I2C Display: Displays real-time information, enhancing use of electronics.
 Project construction

 Working of the project


The project works on the principles of Ultrasonic and PIR sensor, gas sensor, temperature
sensor, vibration sensor RGB Module, Buzzer, Button, DC motor, LDR, LCD I2C display and an
Arduino. The ultrasonic and PIR sensors identify an intruder by emitting and receiving ultrasonic
waves and sensing the infrared ray variation, if it detects something unusual around it then, the
LED glows red and the alarm starts. On the other hand there is a gas sensor fit in it that detects
its environment to check the overall concentration of LPG gas in the environment and if the
concentration is more than or equal to 15% then blue LED glows, indicating that there might be
a leakage and that precaution must be taken as soon as possible, reducing the rate of
explosions due to LPG cylinders. The temperature sensor on the other hand detects if the
temperature exceeds the limit of 20-30 degree Celsius then it starts the cooling fan so as to give
a comfortable and relaxing environment. The LDR fit in it detects the darkness in its
environment and turns on the led accordingly. A vibration sensor is fit in it such that if someone
tries to damage the circuit, the vibration sensor will sense it and turn the buzzer on. It can also
support in the enhancement of intruder detection system such that if someone is trying to get
in via breaking a wall then the vibration sensor will vibrate and give an output. The use of
button is done so as to get a familiar identification and to activate or deactivate the circuit. The
distance in cm, temperature, gas concentration percentage is displayed on the LCD I2C display.
APPLICATIONS
This Project has various applications;

1. Home Security: The project’s intruder detection system using ultrasonic sensor
and alarm system can help enhance the security of homes. Also using a vibration
sensor enhances the use of this system as if someone tries to break in through
wall then it would vibrate and then the alarm will start.

2. Gas leakage detection: The project’s gas sensor and led principle helps to detect
gas leaks and immediately provide a signal so that if there is a leak then
precautions could be taken as soon as possible.

3. Smart fan and lighting system: By using temperature sensor, it can monitor
environment and make it comfortable by creating some outputs, like turning on
the cooling fan immediately when temperature exceeds limits of 30-40 degree
Celsius. The photo resistor helps in turning on the light automatically, so that
whenever it is dark, the LED turns on.

4. Use of energy efficiently: By using the principle of automated cooling fan and a
photo resistor , energy can be used much efficiently. By using cooling fan
mechanism, the fan turns on automatically when the temperature limit exceeds.
And the photo resistor helps in turning on the led whenever it gets dark. This can
provide with a healthy lifestyle and an efficient use of energy.

5. DC powered project: The project is designed to run on Direct current, making it


best for environment where there is a direct current supply. The reliance of
project on DC can enhance the project’s portability and adaptability.

6. Familiar Identification: The project uses a button that is used as a way to identify
if a familiar person has entered in the house, it does that by activating and
deactivating the circuit

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