FIRST EVALS: NUCLEOTIDES & PORPHYRINS (DR. BONLEON), INTRACELLULAR TRAFFIC & PLASMA PROTEINS (DR.

LUMANLAN)

Example of a nucleoside Thymidine

Total protein ref range 7.0-7.5

From the mitochondrial outer membrane receptor Tom

22/22, protein channels are transferred to which Tom 40
neighbouring import channel
Ensures proper folding Hsp60-Hsp10

Prevents misfolding Hsp70

Plays a critical regulatory role in the interaction of the

Ran
complex with the NPC and its translocation through it
Proteins that misfold in the ER are transported back across
Proteosomes
ER by
An important organelle involved in metabolism of many
molecules including fatty acids and other lipids, purines, Peroxisome
amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
The condition apparent at birth and is characterised by
Zellweger Syndrome
profound neurological impairment

Direct measurement of CO Heme oxygenase

Colorless compound Urobilinogen

Colored compound found in feces Stercobilin

True of Porphyrin ring Hydrophobic

Blue-green color Biliverdin

Fate of albumin when removed from bilirubin Remains in the plasma

Location of heme oxygenase Endoplasmic reticulum

Conjugation of bile is catalyzed by UDP-glucoronyl transferase

Has a large capacity that even under pathologic conditions,
transport does not appear to be rate-limiting for Facilitated Transport System
metabolism of bilirubin

Largest repository of heme Red Blood Cells

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Most important element found in many hemoproteins Iron

Half life of Hp-Hgb complex 90 minutes

A. Antibiotics can compete with bilirubin for high affinity

binding site
B. Bilirubin is sparingly soluble in water

True about bilirubin, EXCEPT C. Solubility of bilirubin is increased by non-covalently

bonding to albumin
D. Excess bilirubin can be found loosely and now hard to
detach to tissue
A. Ceruloplasmin
B. Transferrin
Exhibits polymorphysism, EXCEPT
C. Ferritin
D. Haptoglobin
A. Brain
B. Kidney
The iron-free porphyrin is broken down in the
C. Liver (also in the bone marrow and spleen)
D. Pancreas

Hydrostatic pressure of arteriole 37 mmHg

COP I Retrograde transport (Golgi to ER)

COP II Anterograde transport (ER to Golgi)

Derivatives of purines and pyrimidines that have a sugar

linked to a Nucleosides
ring N
Sugar is linked to the heterocyclic base via B,N -glycosidic bond

Links an additional phophoryl group to the phosphoryl

group of a mononucleotide to form diphosphates and Acid anhydride bond
triphosphates
A 5’ phosphoryl group of mononucleotide can esterify a
second OH Phosphodiester bond
group via what bond
True of heterocyclic base N1 pyrimidine, N9 purine

Nucleoside with a phosphoryl group esterified to a OH

Mononucleotide
group of sugar

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Clathrin-coated vesicle Endosome

Involved in secondary response IgG

Opsonizes bacteria, fixes complement IgG

Primary response, complement activation IgM

Found in the surface of B cell, binds to antigen IgD

5’ end is on the Left

Permits purines and pyrimidines to function as group Nucleoside triphosphates have high group transfer
transfer potential

Most compact representation Base sequence

Has ferroxidase activity Hephaestin

Hydrogen atom attached to #2 carbon DNA

Nucleoside derivative of Guanine Guanosine

Process that forms an ester bond between glucoronic acid

Conjugation
and 1 or both propionic side chains of bilirubin

Bilirubin excreted in the bile Bilirubin diglucoronide

Passage through the two membranes (outer and inner

Translocation
mitochondrial membranes)
Contains at least one positively charged amino acid near
True of signal peptide
their amino terminal

Transport from nucleus to cytoplasm NPC

True of nuclear pore complex Transport is bidirectional

Binds extracorpuscular hemoglobin Haptoglobin

Carries iron across apical membrane DMT1

Converts ferric form to ferrous Ferrireductase

Type of sugar in nucleotides Pentose

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Deficiency causes emphysema a1-antiproteinase

A. Trimethyxanthine
B. Xanthine
Free nucleotides except
C. Hypoxanthine
D. Uric acid
Forms complexes with metal ions bound to carbon atom
True of porphyrins, EXCEPT
of the pyrrole ring (Dapat nitrogen atom)

T/F: Kappa and Lambda, never a mixture TRUE

A. Regulation of enzyme activity

Nucleotides participate in the following metabolic B. Signal transduction
functions, EXCEPT C. Energy metabolism
D. Carboxylation and decarboxylation

SECOND EVALS: NUCLEIC ACIDS, DNA AND RNA (DR. BONLEON)

DNA molecule twisted opposite to the counterclockwise A. Supercoil
turn of right- handed turn of b-dna forms B. Negative supercoil
C. Triple helix
D. Double helix
Types of DNA damage, EXCEPT A. Single base alteration
B. Triple-base alteration
C. Chain breaks
D. Cross linkage
True about small RNA except A. Found in cytoplasm
B. Found in prokaryotes
C. Discrete something
D. Found in nucleus
Consists of T-G rich segments Telomeres
Introns are removed by Splicing
Majority of peptides in mitochondria are coded by nuclear A. Mitochondrial DNA
genes. The rest are found in the B. Cytoplasmic DNA
Similar in RNA and DNA Watson-Crick base pairing
It is the region of DNA that includes the signals for A. Transcription unit
transcription, initiation, elongation and termination B. Coding unit
Enzyme responsible for the polymerization of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
ribonucleotides into a sequence complementary to the
template strand of the gene
Translation of mRNA to protein occurs on a complex of Polysome
ribosomes called
Unwinds the DNA for replication Helicase
Unwinds the DNA to produce a single strand of RNA RNA Polymerase

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Identifies copying errors and corrects them Proofreading
Expression of the number of nucleotides added to the Processivity
nascent chain before polymerase disengages from template
Coding information can be changed at the mRNA level by RNA editing
Signals in DNA template that stimulate initiation of Promoter
transcription
Adapters for the translation of information tRNA
Prevent formation of superhelical tension Topoisomerase
The two strands of DNA with opposite polarities are Antiparallel
Concomitant with denaturation of DNA is an increase in the Hyperchromicity
optical absorbance of the purine and pyrimidine bases
referred to as
RNA backbone 3’, 5’ phosphodiester bond
The two strands of DNA are held together by the following, 3’, 5’ phoshodiester bond between purine and pyrimindine
EXCEPT
The three classes of transcription factors involved in mRNA A. Basal
gene transcription are the following, EXCEPT B. Repressors
C. Coregulator
D. Activator
Short fragments made discontinuously in the lagging strand Okazaki fragments
synthesis
At the origin of replication There is an association of sequence dsDNA binding
proteins with a series of direct repeat DNA sequence
Not true of the role of histones A. Sumoylation – transcription represion
B. ADP ribosylation – DNA repair
C. Methylation- activation and repression f gene
transcription
D. Monoubiquiylation – chromosomal assembly during
DNA replication
Product of splicing mRNA
Converts primary transcript into mRNA Spliceosome
Naked DNA Metaphase condensed — noncondensed — beads-on-a-
string
Transcription cycle Template binding — initiation — promoter clearance —
elongation — RNAP release
RNA synthesis is terminated by sequences on template Rho factor
strand that is recognized by
7 nucleotide long sequence which recognizes the codon on Anticodon
mRNA
Core enzyme recognize and bind to promoter region to A. Initiation complex
form the B. Preinitiation complex
Transcriptionally inactive chromatin Heterochromatin

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All of the following are true, EXCEPT Exons are longer than introns
Which is true of sister chromatids Semiconservative replication, half of the trait on each
sister chromatid from the parent
Initiation of DNA synthesis requires Priming by a short length of DNA
Acts only in one direction A. Endonucleases
B. Exonucleases
C. Ribonucleases
D. Deoxyribonucleases
Melting temperature is influenced by Base composition and salt concentration
True of PIC, EXCEPT A. Transcription activators are thought to function by
stimulating PIC formation
B. Assembly takes place on a DNA template where the
transcription proteins all have ready access to DNA
C. Stepwise assembly of the PIC is promoted by various
interactions between activators, coregulators and PIC
components (WRONG: coregulators should be
COACTIVATORS)
RNA Polymerase 1 is for A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA

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