QUESTIONS ANSWERS (RATIO)

1. Glucose and galactose b1-4

2. The anomeric carbon of c1 hemiacetal
3. Nucleophilic attack of water that results hydrolysis
in cleavage of amide, ester, etc.
4. Dielectric constant of water 78.5
5. Energy to break H bonds 4.5kcal/mol
6. Glucose + fructose = sucrose
7. Energy to breakdown hydrogen bond 4.5kcal/mol
8. Salt bridges; electrostatic interaction bet. oppositely charged groups
(comparable with H-bonds but act over larger distances)
9. Attraction of transient dipoles van der Waals forces (weaker compared to h bonds)
10. Pentose phosphate pathway Ribulose
11. Water Nucleophilic (excellent nucleophile)
12. L(+) dextrotatory
13. N or O-derivatives of neuraminic acid : Sialic acid (also a complex carbohydrate content of NANA)
14. Repeated nana: Peptidoglycan
- Repeated units of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA)
and N-acetyl glucosamine
15. Low GI food For postprandial
16. Attack of h20 Hydrolysis
17. FRUCTOSE D(-)
18. Glycosyl Residues lectins
19. Coulomb's law: “inversely proportional”
20. Formation of hemiacetal aldehyde+OH
(hemiketal – ketone + OH)
21. Define pH Negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration
(ph = -log [H+]
22. Water is a tetrahedron with an angle of 105 degrees
________
23. Which of the ff is true about base Completely dissociate even at high pH
24. Acid Proton DONOR
(Base – proton ACCEPTOR)
25. Haworth projection na photo: Alpha

26. Etiliology og metabolic acidosis Diarrhea

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 27. Primary disturbance of metabolic increase of bicarbonate then pH > 7.45
alkalosis
28. NANA Peptidoglycan/Mucopeptides
29. Coulomb's Law Oppositely charged particles is inversely proportional to
the dielectric constant

30. glucose and galactose LACTOSE (natural sugar of milk, beta 1,4 linkage)

31.

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 32. ABG Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis
pH=7.29
PaCO2=33
HCO3=14

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SECOND EVALS
1. Acts as allosteric signal to increase rate of catabolic 27. accumulation of succinate - malonate
reactions - AMP 28. citric acid cycle - release of 2 carbon dioxide
2. Inhibits complex III - antimycin A 29. when ATP/ADP ratio is high - increase phosphates
3. Malate shuttle form glutamate to aspartate - conc.
oxaloacetate 30. oxygen as hydrogen acceptor - oxidases
4. True statement of succinate thiokinase - FAD and 31. fastest enzymes - catalase
Iron Sulfur 32. acts as scavengers of free radicals and reduce O2
5. Increases respiration - Stage 3 toxicity - a-tocopherol
6. Non-specific endergonic reactions completion - 33. requirement of a-ketpglutarate dehydrogenase
couple with exergonic complex - all of the above (lipoate,NAD,coenzyme A)
7. uncoupler - increase permeability of lipid membrane 34. Inhibits complex 1 by blocking the transfer from Fe-
in the inner mitochondria S to Q - barbiturates
8. Cytochrome family makes use of this metallic 35. true of complex IV - reduce O2 to water
compound to donate and accept electrons - Iron 36. Anaplerotic carboxylation of pyruvate to
9. loss of electrons - oxidation oxaloacetate - pyruvate carboxylase
10. atp producedin the heart and liver - 32ATP 37. site of regulation for citric acid cycle - a-
11. contains molybdenum and converts purine bases to ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
uric acid - xanthine 38. total proton pump using reduced carriers/substrates
12. total ATP in the matrix - 25 ATPs - 10H+/NADH2
13. Proton channel - Fo 39. true of complex II - If MORE POSITIVE redox
14. In RBC, containing selenium as prosthetic group - potentials than NADH/NAD (ex.
Glutathione Succinate) pass electrons to Q via a succinate Q
15. protects organisms against toxicity - superoxide reductase (complex II)
dimutase 40. GRAPH: A to B release of free energy because it is
16. G is zero - the system is equilibrium exergonic; free energy required or required to convert
17. speed up the attainment of equilibrium - enzyme C to D because it is endergonic
18. greatest quantitative source in free energy -
oxidative phosphorylation
19. storage of high energy phosphate - phosphagens
20. accepted theory - chemiosmotic theory
21. low-energy phosphate - ester phosphate
22. vitamin responsible for dehydrogenase - niacin
23. intermediary carrier between acyl CoA
dehydrogenase and resp chain – electron transferring
flavoprotein
24. oxidative process to occur in anaerobic phase of
glycolysis - dehydrogenase
25. prosthetic group in peroxidase - protoheme
26. citric acid in the brain - pyruvate dehydrogenase

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Biochem Prelim 2016 12. Phosphorylation of RTK permits attachment of
1. What is true of high energy phosphates? other proteins in the presence of receptor ____
a. GO higher than ATP domain
b. GO lower than ATP a. sH2
c. Ester phosphate b. sH3
2. What is the primary compensatory mechanism
in the previous situation? (pertaining to ABG)
a. Increased HCO3
b. Increased PCO2
c. Decreased HCO3
d. Decreased PCO2
3. Strong acid = low pKa
a. True
b. False
4. Citrate is only available for transport out of the
mitochondria when aconitase is saturated with
substrate and it cannot be channeled directly
from citrate synthase into aconitase.
a. True
b. False
5. Energy from 1 gram of carbohydrate. 17 KJoule
6. Energy required to break a hydrogen bond.
a. 4
b. 4.5
c. 110
d. 115
7. What is true in Complex I. NADH Q
oxidoreductase
8. What is true about NAD?
a. It can penetrate the mitochondria
b. Can be continuously produced in the
cytosol
c. Can accumulate ….
9. What is true about fat metabolism?
a. Carnitine
10. What inhibits de novo process? Insulin
11. What enzyme in the blood is responsible for the
destruction of hydrogen peroxide?

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