Origin of Islam Before Islam was introduced in Arab, the society were said to live in time of Jahilliah (Jahilliah

means ignorance in Arabic), also known as the dark age of Arab, which the people live a life without Islamic guidance, involving themselves with social misconducts such as believing in polytheism and cults, corruptions, committing adultery, burying live baby girls etc. Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad was born in Mecca, into a family of merchants in 570 CE, raised by his grandfather and uncle as his parents passed away when he was just a child. He married his wife, Siti Khadijah at the age of 25 and live a peaceful life. He was once a shepherd and became a judge by public demand. He never like the chaotic life in Mecca, therefore he often sought refuge in the cave of Hira that is far away from the town. In 610 CE when Muhammad was about 40 years old, he was approached by the angel Jibraaiyl (Gabriel) who came to earth entrusting Muhammad with the Quran (Koran) from heaven and the knowledge and teachings of Islam, so that he can enlightened the Arabic society and guide them to the path of righteousness. Muhammad began his preaching in the cave of Hira, only to his close friends and family as to avoid possible public disapproval. e secret preaching became open to public few years later, as the society became interested and accept the teachings of Islam. 12 years after the encounter with angel Jibraaiyl, Muhammad decided that it is time to migrate to Madinah (or known as Medina or Yahtrib), such migration known as the Hijrah, which also marked the start of Islamic calendar. e migration several wars between Madinah and Mecca, as many of the townspeople of Madinah converted into Islam and this provoked opposition of the Jahilliah society in Mecca. Under the leadership of Muhammad Madinah won most of the wars, including the two famous ones, the War of Badar and the War of Uhud. e victories eventually made Muhammad the ruler of Arab.

Five Pillars of Islam e Five Pillars of Islam are the ve crucial practices in Sunnah Islam and also the ve basic concepts of religious acceptance in Syiah Islam. e Five Pillars of Islam in Sunnah context are namely,

1. Syahadah ()"#$% e understanding on the basic teachings of Islam. 5"($) + ", + - ($) ./0) 23 (I testify that theres no other God than Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.) Syahadah serves as the foundation of all the believes and practices in Islam. Muslims have to repeat this syahadah in solat, and to those who wish to convert into Islam has to recite it as well.

2. Solat ()67 Prayers which have to be done ve times daily. Every Solat has to be facing the Kaabah of Mecca. In order to remind Muslims the time for Solat, an announcement known as Azan would be broadcasted from the local mosques and media (such as TV and radio channels).

3. Puasa ()63 Fasting during Ramadhan. During this sacred month, muslims are not allowed to drink or eat from dawn to dusk and prohibited from other sinful conducts. Exceptions are given to the sick, young children and women who are pregnant or on their menstruation, but most of them have to substitute with other times.

4. Zakat ():% Alms giving which is compulsory to capable Muslims. Donations can be made in forms of money or essential items. e collected donations would be used to aid the poor, the needy and help to spread Islam.

5. Haji (<;) Pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Zulhijjah. All capable Muslims (in terms of health and wealth) are obliged to complete the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime, and they will receive a title of Hajj (for men) or Hajah (for women) when they return from Mecca.

On the other hand, the Syiah Islam de ned their Five Pillars into:

1. Tauhid: God is the only one and unique 2. Justice: Concept of moral based of ethics, justice and fairness, along with the punishment 3. Judgement day: Gods nal judgement on man. 4. Prophethood: the way God sends His messenger, known as the prophet/nabi, to lead man 5. Imamah: the institution that inherits prophethood

Halal Halal, which means lawful in Arab, is a term designated in permitted food and actions for Muslims. e term haram is used on non-halal things. Muslims can only consume halal food and follow the strict guidelines from Quran, such as

1. Method of slaughter A sharpened knife must be used to make a swift, deep cut on the front of throat, with the spinal cord intact. e head of the animal has to be aligned with Qiblah/Kiblat, the direction facing the Kaabah of Mecca

2. Dietary law Muslims are allowed to eat non-halal food when theres no option, based on Surah 2: 173 and Surah 5:5 but they have to consume halal food at all times.

3. Explicit substances - pork - blood - animals slaughtered not in the name of Allah - remains of dead animals - animal that was strangled/beaten/killed - food which Allahs name is not pronounced - alcohol - animals that hunt with claws - amphibians - food/substances that are poisonous, make drunk, harmful to human health - animals whose nature to kill/predators - animals that are despised in general such as lice, ies, insects - animals that are breed of pigs or dogs

4. Products/materials - not made from pigs/dog based materials - not made from substances that are poisonous, make drunk, harmful to human health