ASSIGNMENT 2

Q.1. Replace the 2500N force as shown in Fig.1 by an equivalent force system at points A
and B. If a 450Nm couple is added as shown in dotted, compute the equivalent
force system at A and B for both the 2500N force and the couple.

C R =7950 ⃗k & ⃗
R =−1767.77 ⃗i −11767.77 ⃗j; ⃗
Ans: ⃗ C R =10156.6 ⃗k
y
F = 2500N

90o

3m

3m 3m 3m x
A
C = 450Nm B Fig.1

F =30 ⃗l−30 ⃗j +20 k⃗ N goes through point (2,1.5,1) m. Replace this force by
Q.2. A force ⃗
an equivalent system when the force goes through point (1,-2,3) m.

R =15 i⃗ −30 ⃗j +20 k⃗ ; ⃗

Ans: ⃗ C R =10 i⃗ −50 ⃗j −825 ⃗k

Q.3. Three forces and two couples are given as follows:

⃗
F 1 = 4 ⃗l+ 3 ⃗j N acts at (1,0,1); ⃗ ⃗ ⃗j +5 k⃗ N acts at (1,1,1); ⃗
F 2 = 5l+5 F 3 = 2 ⃗j + 4 ⃗k N acts at
⃗ ⃗j +6 ⃗k Nm and C 2 = 3l−3
(0,1,2); C 1 = 6l+6 ⃗ k⃗ Nm. Replace them with one force and

R =9 ⃗i +1 0 ⃗j+9 k⃗ ; ⃗
one couple through origin. Ans: ⃗ C R =6 ⃗i +1 0 ⃗j+6 k⃗

Q.4. Reduce the given force system shown in Fig. 2 to a single force. Also locate the point of
intersection in the x axis.

y 1m 2m 2m

140N
x 210N
1m
A B
Fig. 2 210N

Q.5. Find the simplest force system or reduce the given force system to a force. Refer Fig. 3.
y

F3 = 250N

3m
Solution: Given force system consists of

3 forces; ⃗
F 1 = - 1000 cos 30o i⃗ - 1000 sin 30o i⃗

= - 866i⃗ - 500 ⃗j ; r⃗ 1 = 3i⃗

⃗
F 2 = - 500 ⃗j , r⃗ 2 = 6i⃗
⃗
F 3 = 250i⃗ ; r⃗ 3= 3 ⃗j and

1 couple; ⃗
C 1 = - 150 k⃗

Equivalent force and couple at A

R =ΣF = ⃗
Resultant force ⃗ F1 + ⃗
F2 + ⃗
F 3 = - 616 i⃗ - 1000 ⃗j

Resultant couple ⃗ M A = r⃗ 1 × ⃗
C R =Σ ⃗ F 1+ r⃗ 2 × ⃗
F 2 + r⃗ 3 × ⃗
F3 + ⃗
C1

= 3i⃗ × (- 866i⃗ – 500 ⃗j ) + 6i⃗ × (- 500 ⃗j ) + 3 ⃗j × (250i⃗ ) - 4500 k⃗

= [- 1500 – 3000 - 750 – 150] k⃗ = - 5400 k⃗

R and ⃗
As ⃗ R.⃗
C R are orthogonal [⸪ ⃗ C R = 0]

⸫⃗
R can be shifted to a suitable point B and the couple removed.
Let ⃗
R intersect x-axis at point B (x,0)

Then, r⃗ × ⃗
R =⃗
CR

x ⃗i × (- 616 i⃗ - 1000 ⃗j ) = - 5400 k⃗

[- 1000x] k⃗ = - 5400 k⃗
1000
- 1000x = - 5400 or x = 5.4 m, R = √ 6162 +10002 = 1620 N, θ = tan
−1
= 58.4o Ans.
616
Q.6. Replace the forces shown in Fig. 4 by a single equivalent force.

500N
3m 1000N
500N

A B
7m 7m 7m Fig.4
Ans. ⃗
R =−1000 ⃗j , x = 12.5m

Q.7. Compute the simplest resultant for loads shown in Fig.5 acting on the beam. Five the
intercept with axis of the beam. Ans. x from A = 9.13m; R = 625N, θ = 36.87o

y 8m 7m
1.5m

375N
500N
x 75Nm 1m
A B
Fig. 5

Q 8: Reduce the forces acting on the bar as shown in figure to a wrench giving the point
of intersection of the wrench in plane A.
y-axis
300 Nm =
3m
x-axis

3m
Plane A
500 N = 1

O
150 Nm =
300 Nm =
z-axis

Solution: Given force system consisting of:

1force; ⃗
F 1 = - 500 k⃗ ; r⃗ 1 = 3i⃗ + 3 ⃗j and

3 couples; ⃗
C 1 = 300 i⃗ ; ⃗
C 2 = - 300 ⃗j ; ⃗
C 3 = - 150k⃗
Equivalent force and couple at O

R =ΣF = ⃗
Resultant force ⃗ F 1 = - 500 k⃗

Resultant couple ⃗ M o = r⃗ 1 × ⃗
C R =Σ ⃗ F1 + ⃗
C1 + ⃗
C2 + ⃗
C3

= (3i⃗ +3 ⃗j ¿ × (- 500 k⃗ ) + 300 i⃗ - 300 ⃗j - 150k⃗

= [- 1500 + 300] i⃗ [1500 – 300] ⃗j + [-150] k⃗

⃗
C R = - 1200 i⃗ + 1200 ⃗j -150 k⃗

y y

Plane A Plane A

x ≡ x
α
O O
z z

Fig. Equivalent force system at O

⸪⃗
R ⋅⃗ R and ⃗
CR ≠ 0 ⸫ ⃗ C R are not orthogonal so reduction of force system makes a wrench.
Equivalent Wrench
⃗
R −500 ⃗
K
R = ⃗λ = =
Axis of wrench is given by unit vector along ⃗ = - k⃗
R 500
Component of ⃗ R (axis of wrench) = Cf = ⃗λ . ⃗
C R along ⃗ C R = (- 150) (- 1) = 150

⸫ co-axial couple = ⃗
C f = Cf ( ⃗λ ) = 150(- k⃗ ) = - 150k⃗

Component of ⃗ R=⃗
C R perpendicular to ⃗ C n= ⃗
CR - ⃗
C f = - 1200 i⃗ + 1200 ⃗j

R = - 500 k⃗ and ⃗
The wrench consists of ⃗ C f = - 150k⃗ ; axis of wrench ⃗λ = - k⃗
Let the wrench intersect the xy plane A in a point A (x, y, 0)
C n = r⃗ × ⃗
Then ⃗ F

(xi⃗ + y ⃗j ) × (- 500 k⃗ ) = - 1200 i⃗ + 1200 ⃗j

[- 500y] i⃗ + [500x] ⃗j = - 1200 i⃗ + 1200 ⃗j
Equating x component, - 500y = - 1200 or y = 2.4m
Equating x component, 500x = 1200 or x = 2.4m
⸫ r⃗ = 2.4i⃗ + 2.4 ⃗j
 y-axis
A - = 500
= - 150 =

x-axis
O
z-axis Ans.

Fig. Equivalent Wrench

Q.9. Given the force ⃗ C = 4.5i⃗ −3 k⃗ Nm, the force

F = 30 i⃗ + 60 ⃗j N and a couple moment ⃗
goes through r⃗ = i⃗ + 2 ⃗j . What is the wrench for the system? Ans: ⃗
R =30 i⃗ +6 0 ⃗j;
⃗
C f =0.899 ⃗i +1.798 ⃗j & r⃗ = −0.05 i⃗ – 0.06k⃗

F = 15 ⃗j +10 k⃗ N and a couple moment ⃗

Q.10. Given the force ⃗ C = 9 ⃗j −4.5 k⃗ Nm. Compute
the wrench for the system if ⃗
F goes through the point (2, 1. -1). Give the intercept of
wrench with one of the co-ordinate planes.? R =15 ⃗j +10 k⃗ ;
Ans: ⃗
⃗
C f =122.4 ⃗i −53.84 ⃗j +124.82 ⃗k ; & r⃗ = 1.25 i⃗ +2.5 ⃗j

Q.11. A wrench acts from point (1, 1, 1). It has a force equal to⃗
F = 250 ⃗j N and a couple

moment equal to ⃗
C f =750 ⃗j Nm .(a) What is the moment of the force about the origin?

(b)What is the moment of the couple about the origin? (c)What is the total moment
about the origin? (d) What is the total moment about the x axis?

Q.12. Reduce the force system acting on the body as shown in Fig.12 to a wrench. Give the
axis of the wrench by giving the point of intersection of the wrench with plane A.

R =5 oo ⃗i; ⃗
Ans: ⃗ C f =−300 ⃗i ; & r⃗ = 2 ⃗j + 0.5k⃗

z-axis
2m
⃗
F 4= 500 N ⃗
F 1= 500 N
⃗
F 3= 500 N
1.5m
1.5m
Plane A

O
⃗
F 5 = 500 N
x-axis
Fig. 12
⃗
F 2= 500 N