| Session 4 Quttines + » Nélwork dePinifian sei | Nélwork. Importance. « Nélwork Components . = ae |. Nefwork as |. Nélwork Types . —Network. dePinifion + a : nines anasine esl 1's agoup oP Compares to Comedie ger __| | to provide a Service . ne | wetvork. Importance 2 oo 4. £034. Sharing oF dato. , rbeeling and Piles. 2. Eosy “charg, of expensive yesourtes. 3. Voice. 4. Video. 6. Touch. » All Hese poids are called —_| ’ 5. Smell. . Taste. Virtual Reality, = : _ + Tilernel oP Hin - 4. Computer BS 10% [this ae main Component because. it is “Be some of | ___nefwor. applications . _example : FTP (File Wansfer Prolocal): used Fr Upload LB ol Aun SMTP (Simple Hail TansPer Pre t used Por Send mails | POPS (Post office Prolocal version 3): Used for refrive mails. HTTP (Hyper Téxt Transfer Profocal) : used Por browsing. Telnet: used Par remote login (Conky) ; 2 we work, _olevices :- 80% _ —— Repedler. Hub - Bridge - Swilch Gate way. Arewall _ __ — Rauler _ Hodem _ wireless . Access Point _ Network tnlerface _ Card (WIC) . IDS (rrtrusion Detection System) — IPS (Inlrusion Profection aysien) . tivity s 10 i a —— __Wireol___ wireless - -_ Aélwork. Topologies + L 4. Point -to- Point _: — Connect toro devices | | | Made by 18H | to Send clata fom AtoC, | transPee From A toB Ben B refuse recewe it $5. Star Topolagus Centralised Device + Physi Col _ logy: —————— Logical asgeloea Bus_ar Hesh eas = __| Cenlralised Device: Hub or Swifoh.. | | Pd Saco dylyl ars Melwork types: 1. LAN- focal Area network : ———————————— Tt is_group oP Components Connected togefiter fo provide _| =. ff. Getyities Bieber tbe el (2. HAW= Helio Pireo. Melo, Ih is group oP Laws within Same. city - peg 3. WAN~ Wide Area Network : a | It is_groups oP LANs belween ilies, Contries § Continents. Tt_is group oP LANs Comected through Service provider. | he biggest WAN is Iifemet (PublowAN). ‘Ke second WAN is Orange (Private wan). | But inllerneT is public wan, while ere is another type af WAN Called __Pevale wan *H@.§ Branches’. (Erilerprise)| Session 2 Outlines: — | Ls A@twork. Hodels (OSL Model) _EWRernet 40 Hbps So Fast_etRernet 400 Hbps ft oe rs ____ 4000 Hbps_» 1Gbps__ {00 mefer ethernet 10 Gbps f iri aed _100 Gbps »~WAN: ee PAE os a K.25_ ee a Frome Relay - ATH Low Speed High distance PPP el HDLA = — a MPLS #4 —__} ___ It iso. group of concests Rat will ‘hala Re clevice to. on L-dofo. hop by hop § Ren end to end. - | 08 ‘Operiling, System? + windows , finux, Unix, HAC OS, Android, ios . + 108 ‘Infernef work Operating ‘age + Inlermediale device. |_,081 ‘open Syslem_Inlerconnection’ : _ Wélwork. Model —Developed_by 180 to TCP) 1P Hodel . ptt a modlel_is_aluays fayered.| A layer isa Punclion Rat Can be done eifRer by. alw or KW. why lesen? oe these Functions ore Sequential. 50 WWétwork. Hodel: is group oP PuncTions ARat should be done _in a Cerlain Sequence fo help dala yeaches its Pinol end. __ Resenfalion Session r | L | | } | 1. desta ie dye, ——____ | Re proper Service. — 2x: Browsing, , Rle uploaol / clownload , § Sending |reftiving mail_. 16. Prosentclion Layers | It is responsible Par finding dala representation beliween | Sender § yeceiver. ex: ASCIL , JPG Gik, Pa, AVES mpeg, __Itis. oes making sure Rat all wabionalinn seq br _| |_ Session opening. become ready § in Rok Case it facee order Be * Session establishment. _# Session_monagement.| Application. HTTP, FTP, | _ [Presentation | Data | Tenet, sate, | Application | \ Pops, RTP 1 _|5. Session ___| = 4.Transport _| Seqments| _TcP , UDP Arans port 3. Network | Rockets | Iev4 ,1Pv6 | Network. | | 2.Deto tink. Fromes Network, 4. Physical Bits Access O81 Hodel | Pretocal dotal ____| TEPIIP Hodel| a Lnit (PDU) | | Clansport Layers a It is yesponsible Por — * Segmentation . Size: 1500 byte * Sequencing & odidlressing, 2byt. _» Error defection using, CRC (cyclic cmasdocany pear | a CRC |session | 1H. aps => segments — act +20 bile " Segmertobon Dividing dato -inito_Smafler porlg | Addressing: Giving data. ports Serial Humber.sremmvene we _anlefnel Layer _It is_responsible Por Add + Source IP. it x Deslinalion IP. oe Isession | Dota |= Packots Mo. Pak Note + L3 = Packet. IP Addiess = Pnal endl.Typical _Aetwork. 1m ————E 4 Endl Devitels SE | It is the Source oP Application _Itis. Sayer F oc Appiion en | 2. Intermediate olevices ; | Mub, Tt is used a3 a Centralised device to provide physical star _ Le toealogy Tt doesn't Know neiler Pinal end (IP) nor neat hop Luad bits. It is Layer 1 device . Used on LANonly . = fall pols cept He meen post = --#Suwitehs — ——E | “THis usec. 08.0 Costalisedd device to provide physical Star _tapolagy.1t doesxt Know Pinal end (1P) but if understands | | next hap. (4ac). It is layer 2 device or vttwork Access _| Joyer device..Tt is Collect wireless Swifch or wireless ___ Access Paint also. oe _ ——=>-Ee na sippit_tigge_ communication] SAN: Effernet , wifi. _ a - —> WAN: DSL, 4.25, ATH, Frome Relay, ISDN.| «NIC + Wwetwor trler Pace Carol —— = a=: «Lic : LAW InferPace Cord | a = -WIC +: WAN InferPace‘session 4 outlines, -+Typical_nefwork. mode! § Companents.._ -pa _» Rouler: _ | Hired technology. It is by. software. Supporting dierent Communication technology. It is understands Final_end (IP) and. next hop (HAC) . Ti is bayer 3 eR a ___Inlernet can re Digital Hodem : - Oo _____It_is_used Por Clocking § Synchronizolion. It i 4 olevice . CSu (Channalized service we {DAU (Dato. Service Lnit) . | [Hue switch Router | | = : Dala_Communicalion Equipment: DCE an ss.adevice Hat Con eiler be Supporting lar topolagy or Supporting, clocking & ee is Dyer 9 or 4. _ ex: Hub Pi ine Access Poist, Digital Hoolem . fa, Terminal Equipment : DTE a - “Ttis odevice Rat can eilRer he sowbe or destinfion Por ae _inPormalion.. It is of teast ges 2X: Eno device , Rouler .| Session 5 outlines + | Physical Layer - Cables ~ Stondards (Card Type). = Conneciors .Q i lars ae L. les or EtRernet t 7 ~UTP (UnShielded Twisted Pair) 2 Transmitter (Tx) Receiver (Rx) oe [ : —_ me a ¥ Brown ~~ * 5y : Spee nneiernst anol fast ethernet eles 2 Used on Giga elRemet anal to Giga efRernet cables. POE tan tae EtRemet) , e _ _STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) - Tt is Resome UTP lout more protection . % Twisted Tair Cafegories 2 Type 3p ‘Distonce _ | - Cal 3 | _8Hbps — Col 5 | 100 Hbps. Cot 5e | {000 Hbps 40 meter cat 6 4 Gbps Cat 6A Cal BE 10 Gbps Cot 40 Gbps | es| Fiber: oe ——— | It is bélter 4Ron Copper on Longer distance, higher Speed. and | immune aghinst EXT (ecto magnelic. inferPerence) X Fiber Categories : =... | Hulti Hode Fiber (HHP)] Single Hode Fiber(B HF] Cladding Diameler_|_125um_| 125m} 125m | 126 um. Cor Diameler | 625 wm _| 50 ym | Sum | Byam Disfonce | 400 m 4Km | {om | 100 Km |_| Speed looGbps | 100 Gbps | 1o0Gbps | Loo Gbps 2. LAN Standards + ———— == IEEE 902.3 = 1980 Feb. Ethernet a geen | -Types of NICS; a —— [ LL Type Speed | Distonce Cable. = _| lo Base T__| {0 Mbps ge | | 4o0 Base T | 100 Hbps | 100 meter | Copper _| e! {ooo Base T | £Gbps___| (Misisted Pair’) | 18 modulain 10G Bose T | foGbps_| {oo ‘Mo need Rox | __lo BoseF | 40 Hbps_ L 400 Bose F | {00 Mbps. _ 4000 Bose 8X | Labps 0G Base SX | oGbps | 4oom24km | Fiber (MHF) 100G Base 3X | L00GbpsType Bpeed__| Dislonce Cable ae tooo: Basel < | £Gbre ft | 40G Base LX_| 10 Gbps | lakm | Fiber SMFS | |__| 400G Base LX | fooGbps | _|fooo Base ZX_| 1Gbps_ _ | 106 Base ZX_| 10 Gbps_| _lookm | Fiber-SUF 8. {000 Bose ZX | L00Gbps 7 ood) 3. 34M Comnedloras — Oo — Hiber_Conneclors : ~8T = Straight Tip . ee ee ~ SC. Squave Comneclor . =: z : ~ Copper Connectors : — -DB = D-Shaped .(DB-60) _ wih digit ge RI 2 Register Jack (RI-45). ee5 ~ Standard T5688 (standard B): Pin 2 Orange. Chat sonic Pin 3,6 Green. ike Roler a ~ Stondard T568A_(Standayol A) : Pin 1,2 Green. Hub, . Pin_3,6_ Orange. — fike gute Cables : _ Ee ight Cable : ee Connect DTE to DCE. ‘iio terminal is Re same standow. a.Grss Cable, Connect two DTEs or two DCE. Different standaral in 2 Terminal. 3.Rall over Coble: — a. = used For Congton obs” Console Cable". Terminals is reverse. Loy. Te: morpypig «+» Hedia. Dependent InterFace / Media. Dependent InterFace Cross... Physical devices : ie Repeater Regeneron the signal. But Hany repeaters ado 1 oes *lotencs;” anc Collision . _ 2. Hub: It is multi-port repester. It Ploods bils. All devices on a hus should work. in hol? duplex. Can eifer Ti or Rx of tRe same Tine.Session 6 Guflines : 7 Physical bayer + — = + Connectors (review). » lqyer 1 devices. = «Dota Link. dyer: : = x HAC Address . ae + HAC Frome . _2 ink. IP is responsible Por nk hop dot debvesy § Conlral. POU: Frome. t Hedio. Aceess "Con, It It 8 4B bit address buraton ROH of DTE WIC. It is vepresented in Hexadecimal. Tt is Called also Hovdware Addiess or Physical Addvess . fe Hea fe Hex OUT Host Pat Orgarizebion Unigue ID “ Verolor ‘Part* ‘Toes of desfinolion MAC: a | “LLnicast ¢ One sencl § only one process. 7 : A \dst HAC: C RB) Hub make. PlooolPROCES ple ylel fGen age. Ott _£ (Genero) HAC) a HAE) Peco 3. HultiCast : a One senol & group “process . 2x:online games — Every device Connect to game Server taKe new MAC tke _"oloaSe _xxxxxx" AAC Frome: - I eee | 7 | Be-amble| DST. HAC |SRC. HAC ip Packet __ | ge) Bogle 6-byte E-byle 46 :1500 byte ‘HTU" | Hebute Training bits . unicast . [pe oP next __ L Frame t Auk clocking | Broad cast. -protecol . a) & _ | Multicast. Sequence hronizdlion. ito 9 Tn Past Prame only. -Re.amble.. Idle Time between Frames : 2 byte . Hinimum Prome Size 2 6+6+2+ 4644 = 64 byte. Haximum Frame Size = 61+6+2+1500+4 = 1518 byte.Tris adevice fat. s_ HAC_{_hop-to-hop)... HAC oddtess HAC mefiod __ HAC Plow ____. HAC Frame _ (48-bit) (csua/cD) Control (Buffer) ‘BoP wore on ROH oe (= half duplex in Case of Collision -Bridoe: aaa Maximum Nb. of porls_16- -based_on Programing so is Slo... —__| -Bwiteh: | Tt is _muttipot bridage. It is horde based using ASIC (Application Specific Inlegrelecl Circuits). => Cisco —— — aa —Tjpe__, Hax fabric BW pet Sysfem no. oP porls —s) | Calalyst 6513__| 720 GbpS__ ed Calalyst 6513-£ 14 Tbps Wexus 9504 15 Tbps_ 1024 Aexus 9508 30 Tbps_— s - Alexus 9516 60 Tbps | 4000 =p Super ‘Type Hox Pabric BW per system AB. oP Dorks | Ex - 3216 | 6 Tbps__ | #63 12 Tbps || Session ¥ Outlines, + Layer 2 devices + | Bridge. _¢ Suilch: (Switching Operalion) a Forwar ing 7 = + fo — =pe Se * ning = seis samme — «Forming HAC. address tobe by Checking Source HAC J “in an_inconing | Frames. ASE am a Adi Susifoh | | suitch. will lush iaachuve entries. oPlar 5 min oP inactive by dePoult. |» Swifch Can learn many devices on same Switch port. ; Switch Can never learn same device on diPPerent ports . [ For | |. Suilching oa to next hop by checking, destination HAC in Prmes. a The suilch will Pload, IP Re det HAC unknown (not in Table) or multicast | | oe Leet cai ae oben = All devices on a switch are in tke Same broadcast clamain. -+ Forwarding is done icroseqmentakion . + All devices on Swilch opercle in Pull _oluplex (Con boi Tx §Rx ot fe | Bome. Time)... a 1 All_ devices on Swilch are in Separle Collision domains |. All devices on all hulo Same Collision domains. | 6. of Cables (microsegmenlation) = n(n-1} fh oP deuionsL Cut rough 2 aes byte (8 fe PatenBie 6 byte. scaled fen Foard \_(open_microsegmentolion) . ee woit Pull Prame ten Forward. : a Store Prame Exor_Check Forward _ an tule, —> ty ASIC my aa erfors Type: * CRC error _ 4 Giant Frome. (tases 1518) . » Rut Prome ee | re Cut tRrough.: Ciena. a a Hix. Cut Rough § stove and a Start for min eat Rel ie aisle oat "ou ee P enor" yio%* unos Store and Porwarok a Honiloriny, ASIC “up te 60Tbps*| Session 8 Outlines : ee + layer 2. devices: _ * Switching Hodes. x Swilching, Operolions . «Internet Layer/ wetuork Layer. a + Logical Address . a * Routing Operation .| Tnlernét_layer/ Network Layer +. ese ae Tt is responsible for enol-to-end data delivery. PDU: Tacket . — Logical Addiessing,, i “ a It_is_soPtwame address giving by ConPiguration_used ta Send_dto end-to-end. ei 2 ag ex: IPva ,IPv6 (TCP/IP) < Apple Talk ,1Px (nét Por infest access) ., +o. IANA (Internet Assigned Number Aulority,) ... see A@lwork. part, Host part... aa. HAC Address IP Addvss | | j- Physical Address | _ Logical Address. — | ~ Burnt on ROH oP WIC. Given ly Conki 7 ~ Hoydware Address es uate | he - Hop-to-hop ‘IEEE* rc End-to-end “LANA? ee lnyer2 TBchnology | Layer? Abbess | ~ERernet , wiki ~ HAC 48-bit . ee | oe it ate, ak 4 in — Frome Relay. | PECL Instat art | j—ATM DSi | vet vel 16-bit <7 10/virhial Cxdik 10 | | => Suilching, operalion : a eLearning Forming HAC table rough src HAC. | L + Forwarding: Compare dst HAC to HAC table. IF Know, will Fownrol. PBUH, wail Ploadd - |=> Roiler Operation: a | beaming: Forming roulig ta Table using oun a, Pactacall pccecerses| _ |__Forwnrdings Compare dst IP to_rouling Table IP dst IP Known, | | _youTer witi Porwarcl. IP det IP ie ae | _ broadcast, rouler will process . | ay best ph to nd ut Dag doa. —_—_ a ——————— 4 | — -Andere! Layer/Nétwork Layer + | IPv4: i - parent Internet Prclacal Version 4. Tt is responsible Por tagical_acd dato. end-to-end = IPv4 address. __| $0 IPv4 Address : It is 32-bit address. It is represented. in dotfed | decimal octet. | 4[t]o[0[o}0 [oloft fo[£[ols]o lo] [olofofofolofoltfolo|ofojolofo[é] 192 168 i 1 | + — octet —_.| = — Hed it Noo? IPs on each refer 9" 29" 2 16 TFT 916 IP No. oP devices on ench nefivork = 2".2 = 16 777214 device HGS 2 Tee na OE cere First_Octet : £928 - 191 —— __Welwork... Network. Host. Hest a | Hi6 bit MN. | IPs on each network = 2° = 65536 IP. _n0.0P hosts on each néwork 2 262 = 65534 host (Class Cs - - First octet: 192-223 | WAwork. . Network. wetwork.. Host 5 | A..F IPs on each nefwork = 2° 2 256 IP. - Mo. of hosts on each network = 2°92 = 254 host.Class Ds | First octet : 224 - 239 , usecl for_multicast / css Ep First oclet : 240-254, Used for researches § militar, applications . Clossless IP: First_oclel_: 0 just_use 0.0.0.0 Al] TPv4_nélworks First_octet : 124 _just_use_49#.0.0.4 11sec Por test TepJrp. First cle: 255 just use 255.255.955.955 All IPv4 devices. A Breas Oost : - focal Broad cost 255.256.255.255 inside LAWanly (ao rota) divect Broad cost —_X..955..255.255 Can be used on waN(routable) ep; oo a 0) Poy example NelworK. needs} Class_| Wasteck IP | é1P c_ | 2501P ; _ _ [536 1° B__|65000 IP : _ | 300 000 IP A___|le477216 IP TPv4 Shorlage Solutions + 1. [Pvs = 64-bit (researches only). IPve = 128-bit “2 = 34 x10 1p” 2. Subnélling . 3. Privole. IP NAT _—| => Private_IP NAT (Network Addvess Translation): Free IPs used for privole LAN § private WAN. -Closs As 10.4.4. (1 nélwork) . | Closs Bs 172. 16:31..%.% (16 network) . iP or Unique IP Class C: 192.168. 0:255.% (256 nelwock). | Anctke Private IPs_is APIPA Auilomalic Privale IP Address 463.954. XX fon _roilabble _se_used_on tan only. _ TSP (idernet service prouider) : Ooavert Pas EEL | UMM MMMM. Network. Address ; \IP all host bile =o . |_Useal as entry in Rouling Table. | 2.Durect broadcast Address + | Ball host bils = 2 Used for pritecals § applialions. 3. Host Addvess: Tall host bis go, #4. _ Used Por DTEs. Ee dualge sont th is. divicling mojor network. ints Smaller networks Called. Sulonels.. Its rowing, Part. of host bits 256 2X 12810. 65.536 | Major network __4x641P _ Webwork __ M6 FE HE class A,B,C 8x32 IP| Subnet Maske 4 No.of IPs | Subnet mask _Wva.oP IPs | subnet_masic 4,294,36%296|/0 | 0.0.0.0 22,768 | Nt | 255.955.198.0. | 2,144, 483,648! (1 |198.0.0.0 16,384 | /@ | 255.955.192.0 | 4,073,741,804| fo |49200.0 | 8192 | Ag | 255.955.294.0 _ 536,270912| /3 | 224.0.0.0. 4,096 | 40! 255.255.9400 | | 268435456! 14 | 240.0.0.0 2,048 4 | 255.255.9480 | | 434,214,728 | /5 | 248.0.0.0 | 1094 /22:| 255.955, 252.0 | _ 64108,864 | 16 |25900.0 519 | /23 |955.955.954.0 33,554432| |F | 954.0.0.0 256 255.255. 255.0 467,26 |/8.|255.0.0.0 498 __| /25 1955. 255.955 198 2,388,608 | /9 |255.128.0.0 64 [26 | 255.955.955.192 4,194,304 | fio |255.192.0.0 32 | /oF | 255.955.955.994 2,097,152 | /N |255.294.0.0 16 | 128 |255.255.255 .240 | 1,048, 5%6 | fo |255.0u00.0 _& _| /99. | 955.955. 255.048 524,982 | 13 |955.248.0.0. 4 255.255.955.259 262,144 | /14 |955,252.0.0 2 | /31 | 255.955.255.954 131,072 | Nis l2s5e5400| 1 _| /39| 955.955.965.955 65,536 ie a | i \> Bb v4, pam las — | ex.s For Re given major nckoork : 202.2 ZE0)24. we need to | divide it subnet mask 1/25 . Finols 0. No. oP IPs | subnet 2. 2°°%% - 27. 128 IPs /subnet b. No. of hosts | subnet = 2*.2 - 126 host }sulonet __c. 460 Subnet. 2" . 9! - 9 subnet... po| 64.91 For HRe given mojor nitvork + 197.20.90.0 24. IP we usill _____ divide it using subnet_mask_ fot . Final: ee | 1. NG. of IPs /Subnet - fe 2. Nb. of Subnet . > 194.20, 30.0 ]24 _ NO. oP IPs |subnet 2 2°74. 9 2 256 IP/subut £ 954 host. no. of Subnet - 2° 2 2%. 4 subnet. > \rt.90.80.0/ 2 | Ne. oP IPs|sub net 2 2°*** . 95 . 39 TP/subnet 2 30 Jah | No.of Subnets = 2°74 2 27. 8 subnet. x38: You are give @ major nefwork: 19%.F. F.0/24 . We neeol to _divide using new Subnet mask 129. Finck: __ (0) WB. of IP /subnet . ()_.N. of subnets. —> 198:4.F.0/24 7 H0.of Ps aunt. 9°" . 9 . 266 IP Joubnet & 954 host | plGEE RONG eee “Wh. oP [Palsubnet. 9". 97. 8 IR|subnet_3_6.host Me.of subsets 2 9° 2 oa : | eX4 : You ‘are give a mojor network + 173.15.0.0)16 we neeol fo | livid using new Subnet mask. _/23. Finds _ @).Wo. oP TPs |subret . &) Wo. of subnets . > 173.15.0.0/16 7 6. oP IPsIsubnet 2 9° 2 9" . 55536 IPslsubnet f. 65534 host —>1#3.15.0.0/23 NB. oP IPs subnet = 2°* . 2° . 512 IP,|subnet f 510 pasts. Nb.oP Subnet - 9°" 2 9%. 128 subnet. \| => Private_IP NAT (Network Addvess Translation): Free IPs used for privole LAN § private WAN. -Closs As 10.4.4. (1 nélwork) . | Closs Bs 172. 16:31..%.% (16 network) . iP or Unique IP Class C: 192.168. 0:255.% (256 nelwock). | Anctke Private IPs_is APIPA Auilomalic Privale IP Address 463.954. XX fon _roilabble _se_used_on tan only. _ TSP (idernet service prouider) : Ooavert Pas EEL | UMM MMMM“+ Source IP is 4-byle. Ba ees ee —> Deslindlion IP is 4-byfe - | + TOS (Type oP senice) is f-byte used 3-bit on sec Por G08 ( Quality of sunioe) «TaPlect prin (past ia best) ___| x: Data * Tatent_o , Down|upload 4 ,“Browsing, 2, 2mail_3* _ Video 4., voice 5., Rouler Prtacals 6, Suiich Prstocal F . TTL (Time to tive) is. d-byte used e6it_only.. Lseoh Por | remove Layer3 oops (Hoximum number of hop bélseen 2 ends — a4 every hop sub 4 Prom TTL. ARea oliapsSession {i Outlines: - —. DNS. = — = ARP. — __. Commands. ~ ~ Add IP § DNS manual ———— = Layer 4. Transport layer. | . = — ] ame 1 ||= Teubleshosing enlto-end dala oli oy ee | Using ICP (Inlernet eel ns ie a [1a most acho _ IP address ee _ - Sa Commancl to test end to enol conneclivily ... «Windows + 4-@cha . add (+t) qiadows 2 eanecho —+tinun :os-echo ________"Pess ctileC to slop" | -# 108: A oe 2. TTL expired - —— - Trocert windows Traceroute _ TP Address A basse, Tog Commanal to Tderliby the pale hop-lo-hop ... _ => Gallng, ates Por ond. ienys _ a DHCP(Dyramic. Host Configuaion eked), _ APIPA _HAC? AL {SCAM 0000 ___| Header | iho is DACP senvere | 1 | dst HAC :FF..F | det IP: 255.255.255.255 | LDP 7 IP: 199.168.1.2 _D.@ + 199.168.1.1. Hosk : /24 DNS: 88.8.8 (__LDWCP Accegt & Request Beserviton 5 DHCP AcknowledgementResolve desieciion 12 - World wide web ... Root DNS - Service Provider + = TE-Dolo DNS. Google Dns ARP- Address Resoliition Prstocal : Rescwe unknown HAC . H92168.Lfod_—_ ac: A —_E ARP request Brad: “dst HAC: FF... F AR? rep! HAC1D | IP: n-4.0.x AC Addie 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.1 +To_open CHD Start menu.» Run» CHD. windows 4%. —» CHD + getmoc HAC Addvess. (63.121.128 134, _BRBQ 163.191.128.135 aM 192.(68.13 ARP..Cache any DTE make tis. table... to display, it: - Commonal in CHD + Op =O+ ipcorkg —___ oe ee IP Address , Subnet mask, and DePault oSlisay. | ipConfig Lal a a IP Addivess, Subnet mask, DePoult gétany , MAC Addis, and DNS . 6128.0. Oe _______ |__ Test_TOPLIP model. | 42€.0.0.1. -% — Conkinue Ping press Contes C fp Cancel ping 1 | Add_IP 8 DNS manuals — there ison icon which Consist of 2- Compulers in ia Be foolbor § double —Click_on TCP/IP . : Se OR ——— Slat menu — Corilal panel Newer & Inlernel__, wefwork_ & shoring | Cerner Change adapter séiygs right click. on any icon Ren | —Properlies — dauble click on TCP] TPyg Layer 4. Trongport _lgyer It is responsible ‘or end-fvenel celery Cain PDL: Senedd 1. Segmentation: Dividing dota into Smaller porls . es 2.Eer_detection : ee —— Usiag, CRC ___ aa 3. Session Addressing 2 Using SoPtware port sNimbers (16+ bits) —_ — +1023 toa - 65535 well Know ports ie pots used by Servers user as Session no.Mamber_o® Pets used bby servers + 1 3 Pratocat | Rat 16. ee File Wansfer Profooal (FTP) | 2o/ar | 7 Secure Shell (SSH) 22 7 | Telnet 23 - Simple Mail Transfer Protacal (SHTP) 25 —Commanol in CHD + | Domain Name System (DVS) 53 _ neistot | Dynomic Host Configuration |__| Ta.display session _ Retocal (DACP) Hypertext Transfer ‘Profocal (HTTP) | 20 _ | Post office Protecal (POP) version 3) HO. | Simple _néfwork Management |__| ____ Ralacal (SNMP) 161/162 | Border Galewoy Retoced (BGP) | 179 _ Hyperlext TransPer. Pretocal over. SSL/TLS (HTTPS) 443 _| Open Shorlest RAR First (OSPF). 83 Enhonced Inferior Gofiwoy | Rouling Prctocal (EIGRP) Rowling Information Telecal version 2 (RIP v2) 520 = ep pegs | be | Trviot File Wonster Pelocal (TET)! 68 —__| 3 | _| Lajos Tensoort layers a | | User Datagram Profocal (UDP) + er | Header is 8-bife It is highspeed & Low accurmcy . (4 way handshake) . AppliCalions : DHCP ,RTP, Boot P TFTP SNAP... i) Fransmission Control Pratocal_(TCP) : oe Header is 20-byfe . Tt is. high accuracy § low Speech .(£ tay hand shake) . HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SHTP, PoPs, Telnet, SSH... For T ‘Connection _Orienlec) s eee eee Ser Synchronization (ite) [igi a a a ize {RB Ack/SYN (Intial winolow size = 2 Session esfablishmed’ Ack oe AcK3 (window size 3) Segrerts Segments y Sepment 3 | <___ Ack 4 (isindow size =|) | Segment 4 i +Session management ¢ Ack (window sizes) Fin Fin Session Terminalion Ack