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Normal Distribution Lecture

The document defines the normal distribution and its key properties, including that it is symmetrical around the mean and most values cluster around the mean. It also describes the standard normal distribution and empirical rule. Examples are given to illustrate finding the percentage of values that lie within a certain number of standard deviations from the mean and calculating areas under the normal curve. Finally, a word problem is provided where the percentages and number of examinees above or below certain scores are calculated based on a normal distribution with a given mean and standard deviation.

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michaeljan.manayan
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7 views

Normal Distribution Lecture

The document defines the normal distribution and its key properties, including that it is symmetrical around the mean and most values cluster around the mean. It also describes the standard normal distribution and empirical rule. Examples are given to illustrate finding the percentage of values that lie within a certain number of standard deviations from the mean and calculating areas under the normal curve. Finally, a word problem is provided where the percentages and number of examinees above or below certain scores are calculated based on a normal distribution with a given mean and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

michaeljan.manayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Distribution

Definition
• The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution
that is symmetrical on both sides of the mean, so the right side
of the center is a mirror image of the left side.
• The distribution wherein the mean, median and mode are equal.
Properties of Normal Distribution
• The area under the normal distribution curve represents
probability and the total area under the curve sums to one.
• Most of the continuous data values in a normal
distribution tend to cluster around the mean, and the
further a value is from the mean, the less likely it is to
occur.
• The tails are asymptotic, which means that they approach
but never quite meet the horizon (i.e. x-axis).
• For a perfectly normal distribution the mean, median and
mode will be the same value, visually represented by the
peak of the curve.
Standard Normal Distribution
• Standard Normal Distribution is a normal
distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1.
Empirical Rule
The empirical rule, or the 68-95-99.7 rule, tells you
where most of your values lie in a normal
distribution:
• Around 68% of values are within 1 standard
deviation from the mean.
• Around 95% of values are within 2 standard
deviations from the mean.
• Around 99.7% of values are within 3 standard
deviations from the mean.
Example 1:
You collect SAT scores from students in a new test
preparation course. The data follows a normal distribution
with a mean score (M) of 1150 and a standard deviation
(SD) of 150.

Following the empirical rule:


• Around 68% of scores are between 1,000 and 1,300, 1
standard deviation above and below the mean.
• Around 95% of scores are between 850 and 1,450, 2
standard deviations above and below the mean.
• Around 99.7% of scores are between 700 and 1,600, 3
standard deviations above and below the mean.
Finding the Areas Under the Curve
•
Finding the Areas Under the Curve
•
Z-scores
0 1.53
X-scores
1150 1380
P(Area ≤ 1380) = p(area ≤ 1.53) = 0.93699 =
93.70%
Finding the Areas Under the Curve
Example 3:
What percent of the SAT scores are between the scores of
900 and 1200?

Z-scores
-1.67 0 0.33
X-scores
900 1150 1200
P(900≤Area ≤1200) = P(-1.67 ≤Area ≤0.33) = P(Area ≤0.33) – P(Area ≤
-1.67)
=0.62930 – 0.04746
P(900≤Area ≤1200) = 0.58184 = 58.18%
•
Problem
In an examination conducted with a mean score of
85.26, the standard deviation is 12.55. If there are
1500 examinees, determine the following:
a. The percentage of examinees with scores
above 88.
b. The percentage of examinees with scores
above 80.
c. The number of examinees with scores between
88 and 95.
d. Be l o w w hat sc o re l i e s the l o w e r 6 0 % o f
examinees.
e. Ab ov e what sc ore l i e s the up p e r 2 0 % of
examinees.
Given: Mean = 85.26
s = 12.55
n = 1500
a. The percentage of examinees with scores above 88.

Z-scores
0 0.22
X-scores
85.2 88
6
P(88≤Area) = P(0.22≤Area) = 1 – P(Area≤0.22)
= 1 – 0.58706
= 0.41294
P(88≤Area) = 41.29%
Given: Mean = 85.26
s = 12.55
n = 1500
b. The percentage of examinees with scores above 80.

Z-scores
-0.42 0
X-scores
80 85.2
6
P(80≤Area) = P(-0.42≤Area) = 1 – P(Area≤-0.42)
= 1 – 0.33724
= 0.66276
P(88≤Area) = 66.28%
Given: Mean = 85.26
s = 12.55
n = 1500
c. The number of examinees with scores between 88 and
95.

Z-scores
0 0.2 0.7
X-scores 2 8
85.2 88 95
P(88≤Area≤95) = P(0.22≤Area≤0.78) =6P(Area ≤0.78)- P(Area ≤0.22)
= 0.78230– 0.58706
= 0.19524 or 19.52%
No. of examinees = 0.19524 (1500) = 292 examinees
Given: Mean = 85.26
s = 12.55
n = 1500
d. Below what score lies the lower 60% of examinees.

0.600
0

Z-scores
0 z =?
X-scores
85.2 X =?
6
Given: Mean = 85.26
s = 12.55
n = 1500
e. Above what score lies the upper 20% of examinees.

0.200
Z-scores 0
0 z =?
X-scores
85.2 X =?
6
•

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