PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN

APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT

ARQUIO, JHARIEL P.

DORDAS, CLARCK A.

GALOY, ALI M.

PADUA, MICHAEL JUDE B.

PUNAN, ABDUL T.

SAMBILAN, BADRODIN S.

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education,
Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc. National

Highway, Barangay Buenaflor, Tacurong City. In Partial

Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

2022
 i

TRANSMITTAL SHEET

The thesis attached hereto, entitled “PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE

CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT “prepared
and submitted by ARQUIO, JHARIEL P., DORDAS, CLARCK A., GALOY, ALI
M., PADUA, MICHAEL JUDE B., PUNAN, ABDUL T., SAMBILAN, BADRODIN
S., in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Criminology is hereby endorsed.

JANETH A. MOMBAY, R.L., MLIS

Adviser
_________
Date signed

Respectfully endorsed as partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Criminology.

PETER PAUL O. DIOCADES, RCRIM, MS CJE (CAR)

Program Head, College of Criminology
_________
Date signed
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis entitled “PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE

CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT “prepared
and submitted by ARQUIO, JHARIEL P., DORDAS, CLARCK A., GALOY, ALI
M., PADUA, MICHAEL JUDE B., PUNAN, ABDUL T., SAMBILAN, BADRODIN
S., in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Criminology, has been examined and recommended for acceptance and
approval on the oral examination.
JANETH A. MOMBAY, R.L., MLIS
Adviser
_________
Date signed
Statistician: CONSUELO R. DIOSANTA, MAED, RGC
Reader: JERSAM Q. BENIERA, J.D

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

PETER PAUL O. DIOCADES, RCRIM, MS CJE (CAR)

Chairman
_________
Date signed

CONSUELO R. DIOSANTA, MAED, RGC

Member
_________
Date signed

ROSALINDA G. SABINO, LPT, MAT (CAR) JERSAM Q. BENIERA, J.D

Member Member
_________ _________
Date signed Date signed

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY.

EUFEMIA S. APROSTA
Registrar
 iii

__________
Date signed

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study has not come from one mind only. Many people help and

contributed their knowledge for the success of this study. First we would like to

thank GOD ALMIGHTY for his wisdom, guidance, strengths and blessing. The

researchers would also like to extend their thanks, gratitude and appreciation to

the following persons.

To our research adviser, JANETH A. MOMBAY, R.L., MLIS, for always

extending her time and efforts in giving assistance and guidance in every stage

of this research.

To CONSUELO R. DIOSANTA, MAED, RGC Guidance Counsellor,

member of the panel who shared commendable ideas regarding this research

study.

To ROSALINDA G. SABINO, MAT, (CAR), Program Head of Bachelor of

Arts and Communication our research coordinator and member of the panel, for

trusting and believing me as one of the leader and for her support and guidance

up to the end of the study.

To PETER PAUL O. DIOCADES, MS CJE (CAR). The dean of

Criminology Department/Chairman of the panel for all the intellectual comments,

suggestions and sharing his knowledge about this research.

 iv

To JERSAM Q. BENIERA, our Research Instructor for always giving your

time to explain everything to me for always there to support us, we owe you a lot.

Thank you is not enough for everything we are very grateful to have an Instructor

like you.

To our parents, friends and to all the people who shared their time,

efforts and financial assistance in finishing this research proposal.

THANK YOU SO MUCH!

THE RESEARCHERS
 v

DEDICATION

The success of this study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our parents, love ones

and to all the people who have been our source of inspiration and give us strength when

we thought of giving up, who continually provide their moral, spiritual, and financial

support.

Mr. & Mrs. ROLAND D. PADUA and HELEN B. PADUA

Mr. & Mrs. KAMARODIN SAMBILAN and BADRIA SAMBILAN
Mr. & Mrs. KAUTIN B. GALOY and SURAIDA B. MADINDING

THE RESEARCHERS
 vi

ABSTRACT

Department of Criminology, Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

ARQUIO, JHARIEL P., DORDAS, CLARCK A., GALOY, ALI M., PADUA,
MICHAEL JUDE B., PUNAN, ABDUL T., SAMBILAN, BADRODIN S.,
“PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN
APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT”.

JANETH A. MOMBAY, R.L, MLIS

Adviser

This study, “Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in

Applying PNP Employment” was conducted with the main purpose of determining

the effectiveness of the curriculum of Criminology in SMIT, Inc., and to determine

of how the curriculum affect the career choice of the graduates in the world of

work.

To reach the goal of this study, the researchers formulated survey

questionnaire to obtain needed facts and information to answer the statement of

the problem of this study. Face to face, following a minimum health protocol were

used in the administration of questionnaires. The respondents answered the

questionnaire voluntarily with an assurance that the privacy and secrecy of their

profile. Responses were then tabulated, analysed and interpreted.

 vii

The study was descriptive in nature and descriptive statistics were

employed from fifty one (51) respondents. Weighted Mean and Pearson Product

Correlation were utilized in the statistical instrument data.

After the data were statistically treated and analysed, it was found out that

the weighted mean and description of the following indicators are the following:

the level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying

PNP employment in terms of their medical issues is “LOW” for having an overall

mean of 2.3. In terms of financial, it is described as “MODERATELY HIGH” for

having an overall mean of 2.8. When it comes to agility, it is described as “LOW”

for having an overall mean of 2.4. The level of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of psychological

test is “LOW” for having an overall mean of 2.4. As perceived by the respondents

in terms of recommending person, it was described as “MODERATELY HIGH”

for having an overall mean of 2.8. In terms of communication skills, it has an

overall mean of 2.2 and is described as “LOW”. When it comes to their mental

process, it was described as “LOW” for having an overall mean of 2.2. Lastly, the

level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP

employment in terms of recruitment officer is “LOW” for having an overall mean

of 2.4.

Based on the result of the study, it was concluded that the curriculum of

the criminology in SMIT, Inc. has a great impact on the development of the

students in preparing them to be more qualified for being a part of the law

enforcement in our country.

 viii

Keywords: Problems Encounter, PNP Employment

Table of Contents

PRELIMINARIES PAGE

Transmittal sheet i

Approval sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Dedication v

Abstract vi

Table of contents vii

List of Tables viii

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Theoretical Framework 3

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypothesis 5
 ix

Significance of the Study 5

Scope and Limitation 6

Definition of Terms 6

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 7

Medical Examination 8
Financial 9
Agility 10
Psychological Test 10
Recommending Person 11
Communication Skills 11
Mental Process 12
Recruitment Officer 13

CHAPER III- METHODOLOGY

Research Design 14
Locale of the Study 14
Respondents of the Study 14
Data Gathering Instrument 15
Data Gathering Procedure 15
Statistical Treatment 16

CHAPER IV - PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF

FINDINGS

Table 1. Medical 17
Table 2. Financial 18
Table 3. Agility 19
Table 4. Psychological 20
Table 5. Recommending Person 21
Table 6. Communication Skills 22
Table 7. Mental Process 23
Table 8. Recruitment Officer 24

CHAPTER V - SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 26
Conclusions 27
 x

Recommendations 27

APPENDICES

References 28
Survey Questionnaire 30
Letter to the Respondents 34
Curriculum Vitae 35
Documentations 41
 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Priority of every graduate after having completed a college degree is to

look for possible employment. This is their next ultimate goal in life to sustain a

living or support the needs of the family as part of Filipino culture. A large

percentage of Criminology graduates determine to join the PNP and perform law

enforcement functions. However, because of the rigid screening of applicants for

PNP members, which includes physical and metal examinations, not all

graduates are able to fulfil their dreams. Some engaged themselves in business

while others land in employment where their knowledge and skills are

inapplicable (Bautista et al., 2020).

A criminology graduate has more chances of getting employed. They may

become a police officer or assigned as jail, port police personnel, fire-fighter, and

drug enforcement officer others may work as hotel and resort in -house security,

security officer in department stores, security consultant, civilian investigators,

local traffic enforcer and criminology instructor. Despite all these possibilities,

there are criminology graduates who may have jobs not related to their chosen

course which have melded, prepare, and enhanced their ability. Every year,

thousands of criminology graduates all over the Philippines try their best effort to

attend classes to make sure that they will be able to pass the Criminology
 2

Licensure Examination and become licensed criminologist to be qualified for a

law enforcement job like the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology BJMP,

Bureau of Fire Protection BFP, and more particularly in the Philippines National

Police (PNP) (Ruiz, et al., 2020).

However, criminology graduates may encounter difficulty to be hired in the

PNP, which is under the administrative control of the National Police Commission

[NAPOLCOM] because of the stringent provisions under Title IV- B

[Qualifications Upgrading] Section 14, of the Republic Act 6975. The general

qualification for appointment specify possession of minimum qualification which

include citizenship, physical test, formal baccalaureate degree, and eligibility set

by the commissions; have never been dishonourably discharged from military

employment; never been convicted of an offense or crime involving moral

turpitude, as well as age, height and weight requirements. All these may also

contribute as factors which may hinder becoming members of law enforcement

agencies (Negro & Amparado, 2017). With this reasons, the researchers want to

conduct this study to identify the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment and how they overcome that problems.

This study will be a great help for all aspiring PNP.

 3

Negro, E.O. & Amparado,

M. A. P. (2017). The
employability of the
University of Cebu Lapu-
Lapu and Mandaue
graduates from 1997 to
2010. IAMURE
International Journal of
Social Sciences, 19(1),
102-114.
Negro, E.O. & Amparado,
M. A. P. (2017). The
employability of the
 4

University of Cebu Lapu-

Lapu and Mandaue
graduates from 1997 to
2010. IAMURE
International Journal of
Social Sciences, 19(1),
102-114.
Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on Career Choice Theory of John Holland

(1959). This theory stated that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where

they can be around others who are like them. They search for environments that

will let them use their skills, abilities, express their attitudes and values while

taking on enjoyable problems and roles. Holland’s theory believes that interaction

between environment and personalities types such as realistic, investigative,

artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional affect people in choosing their

career (Careers.govt.nz, 2019).

Another theory related to this study is the Frank Parsons Trait and Factor

Theory suggests that ideal career is based on personal traits like skills, values
 5

and personality matched and correspond with job factors, such as pay and work

environment. The better the fit, the higher an individual’s job satisfaction and

success. Individuals have unique traits that can be objectively measured and

matched against requirements of occupations. Choosing an occupation involves

trying to match an individual to a job so that their needs will be met and their job

performance will be satisfactory (Giobbi, 2018).

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determined the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates of Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc. in

applying PNP employment.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name

1.2 Age; and

1.3 Sex;

2. What is the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of;

2.1 Medical examination

2.2 Financial;

2.3 Agility;
 6

2.4 Psychological test;

2.5 Recommending person;

2.6 Communication skills

2.7 Mental process; and

2.8 Recruitment officers?

3. Is there significant effect of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment?

Hypothesis

There is a significant effect of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment.

Significance of the Study

This study considered beneficial to the following:

To PNP applicants, the findings of this study may help to understand and

find solution to their problems. This study may give the baseline that would

evince the effectiveness application. They have a basis for improvement if

 7

needed and for them to have understanding of the problems encountered. This

would also help them for their professional development.

To the Researchers, would benefit to the result of this study for they will

have ideas about how to overcome such problems during applying PNP

employment.

To the Future Researchers, with the findings of this study, future

researchers could use this study as their reference and guide if they study the

same topic or related to this topic.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the study focused on the problems encountered on PNP

employment of criminology graduates in Southern Mindanao Institute of

Technology, Inc.

Definition of Terms

For this study to be well understood, the following terms were conceptually

and operationally defined:

 8

PNP Philippine National Police the armed national police force in the

Philippines its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong

Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City.

Employment- is an agreement between an employer and

an employee that the employee will provide certain services. In return, the

employee is paid a salary or hourly wage. Although employees can negotiate

certain items in an employment agreement, the terms and conditions are

primarily determined by the employer. Both parties may also terminate the

agreement.

Encountered- unexpectedly experience or be faced with (something

difficult or hostile).
 9

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this section, different literatures and studies associated to the study

were reviewed in order to establish a sufficient background needed by the

researchers and readers and to understand well about the study.

Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP

Employment

Employability plays an important role in the implementation of the

departments’ learning and teaching strategies. It is part of good learning practice.

Students who engage in developing their employability are likely to be

independent, reflective and responsible learners (Robbins and Coulter, 2001).

Innovative learning, teaching and assessment methods which promote student's

understanding and help them to engage in 'deep' learning will also enhance their

employability. And involving employers in the education experience, for example,

through placements, case studies, delivery of guest lectures, can help students

appreciate the relevance of their course and learn how to apply theory and

knowledge in practical ways in the workplace. In some subject areas,

employability links to requirements for accreditation from professional bodies

(www.employability.ed.ac.uk). A graduate in Criminology and Criminal Justice will

typically have: research skills and familiarity with research methods; be able to

analyse and evaluate problems and issues; be able to collect and interpret

statistical data; an awareness and sensitivity of the needs and values of others;
 10

Communicate, debate and develop logical arguments; planning and time

management skills; the ability to work in a group with other people; the ability to

write clearly and concisely; and be able to present facts, ideas and arguments

(Bautista et al., 2020).

Furthermore, it shows that the skills relevant to their present occupation as

PNP members and credit investigators were investigation, communication and

problem-solving skills. And the main reason for unemployment were: lack of

professional eligibility, no job opening in their field of specialization, lack of

political connections, and inadequate communication skills. Also, Carale (2006),

revealed in his study that the graduates have poor or inadequate training

particularly in the preparation of plan of arrest, search and seizure procedures,

law enforcement and crisis management intervention, the art of self-defence and

in communication skills. In addition, Capdos (2015), in her study, reveals that

55% of the recruited personnel in the year 2008-2013 were criminologists and

45% were non-criminologists, this means that criminologists are still the main

profession in the field of law enforcement. The following are the problems

encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP employment.

Medical Examination. Under this phase, the PNP Health Service is in-

charge to determine whether or not the applicant is in good health, free from any

contagious diseases. On the first day of the PMDE, the applicants are required to

fill up the Medical History Report and Medical Prescreen

Questionnaire distributed by the RHS personnel purposely to record all

information of applicant’s health. Through this report, the PNP doctors/examiners

 11

may now have an overview of medical condition of the applicant/s as to whether

or not he is undergoing treatment or suffering from disease. The Medical History

Report may include information about allergies, illnesses, surgeries,

immunizations, and results of physical exams and tests. It may also include

information about medicines taken and health habits, such as diet and exercise.

A family medical history includes health information about a applicant’s close

family members (parents, grandparents, children, brothers, and sisters). This

includes their current and past illnesses (thelifeofmaharlika.com/guide-physical-

medical-and-dental-examination-pmde-for-pnp-applicants).

Financial. Financial problem is a situation in which you are not able to

meet your bills on time or afford necessary basic needs. Many of us, from all over

the world and from all walks of life, are having to deal with financial stress and

uncertainly at this difficult time. According to American Psychological Association

(APA) study found out that 72% of Americans feel stressed about money at least

some of the time. The recent economic difficulties mean that even more of us are

now facing financial struggles and hardship

(www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/coping-with-financial-stress.htm). Also,

financial problem are one of the reason for non-employment among BS

Criminology graduates (Refugia, 2021). They cannot comply there requirements

for PNP employment such as medical and physical exam because of lack of

financial support of their parent. This was supported by the study of Asuncion

(2019), he stated that problems encountered by the criminology graduates on

personal preparations for employment specifically on financial aspects.

 12

Agility. Physical Agility Test is one of the requirements by the PNP in

order to evaluate the physical qualification of these aspiring Patrolman/woman

applicants whether he or she possess the required condition such as strength

and speed applicable in the service. The Physical Agility Test is one component

of the entry-level examination for Criminology students. The job of a police officer

requires a certain degree of physical strength and endurance necessary to

complete many tasks required on the job (Acobera, et al., 2019). Physical agility

test designed to determine whether or not he/she possesses the require

coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary for the Service. This

test includes pull ups, push ups, sit ups, 100 meter runs and 1000 meter runs.

Psychological Test. The Neuro-Psychiatric Examination tests is the test

to measure the mental stability, adaptability, and psychological functioning of

applicants before they are being recruited into service. The purpose of the exam

is to filter the applicants or to exclude applicants who may be suffering from any

mental disorder and if they are really suitable for the uniformed services of the

government. It is one of the most decisive parts of the recruitment process in the

PNP, BFP, BJMP, BuCor, and all the branches of the AFP (topnotcher.ph/how-

to-pass-the-neuro-psychiatric-exam). This was supported by the study of Capdos

(2015), he stated that the problems encountered by criminologist in applying for

PNP are the pre-assessment, initial evaluation and psychological/ psychiatric

examination (PPE). In fact, only 25% of the applicants pass the Neuro-

Psychiatric exam, making it the most dreaded part of the application process.

The Neuro-Psychiatric exam is comprised of two parts- the written and the
 13

personal interview. Int includes a 35-item Aptitude test, Guilford Zimmerman

Temperament Survey, Applicant risk profiler, the industrial sentence completion

test, work environment preference schedule, hand test, and the drawing

(topnotcher.ph/how-to-pass-the-neuro-psychiatric-exam).

Recommending Person. In Filipino culture and politics, is the value

system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family

affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one’s merit. This

system is deemed a source of many controversies and corruption

(www.panaynews.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-shuns-padrino-system). In the

study of Negro and Amparado (2017), they found out that employed respondents

got their jobs as walk-in applicants while others were recommended by

prominent people or had political connections. That’s why recommending person

is important in applying in PNP. In addition, Carale (2006), emphasized that one

of the main reason for unemployment were lack of political connections.

Communication Skills. The ability to communicate effectively with

superiors, colleagues, and staff is essential, no matter what industry you work in.

Workers in the digital age must know how to effectively convey and receive

messages in person as well as via phone, email, and social media. Good

communication skills will help get hired, land promotions, and be a success

throughout their career (Doyle, 2017). Communication skill is one of the most

useful skills of the graduates during their job interview. (Bautista et al., 2020).

Police officers deal with problems every day. Officers are expected to

demonstrate common sense, communication skills and interpersonal skills, all

 14

with an open mind free of bias. Carale (2006), emphasized that one of the main

reason for unemployment were inadequate communications skills. This was

supported by the study of Ruiz, et al. (2020), they stated that Criminology

graduates are usually confronted with the lack of communication skills.

In the study of Negro

and Amparado (2017),
they traced the graduates
of UCLM,
Philippines from 1997 to
2010. Specifically, it
ascertained the following:
profile of the
respondents; reasons for
taking the course;
 15

employment status of the

graduates; status of the
employed; strategy used
to find the first job;
reasons for not being
employed; number of
graduates who were able
to land in a job relevant to
the curriculum they had
in college; and
academic competencies
learned in college which
were useful on the job. It
also determined the
 16

relationship between the

profile of the graduates and
their employment statu
Mental Process. Mental processes encompass all the things that the

human mind can do naturally. Common mental processes include memory,

emotion, perception, imagination, thinking and reasoning. Since the human is

constantly active, mental processes are continuously relevant and affecting or in

taking events from daily life (www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics.mental-

processes). Reasoning and cognitive ability are essential element to working

effectively in law enforcement. Situations arise in which those in law enforcement

have to think quickly, solve complex problems, and use limited information to

make decisions (aai-assessment.com/products/law-enforcement-reasoning-test).

There is no such thing as a routine call in law enforcement. Officers need the

ability to quickly and efficiently evaluate and analyze facts, observations, and

information so they can make sound decisions. Officers must be able to think

critically if they're going to help members of the community solve problems and

resolve conflicts (www.thebalancecareers.com/police-officer-soft-skills-974900).

Critical thinking is a needed skill identified by high-stress professions such

as the military, nursing, and disaster management, yet there is limited study

regarding critical thinking in law enforcement (Spruill, 2021). It is a primary aim of

every institution to ensure that they produce quality graduates who will contribute

to the nation’s workforce in achieving development goals. Educational institutions

 17

have to equip their graduates with knowledge, skills, and values that will qualify

them to work (Refugia, 2021).

Recruitment Officers. The padrino system, or patronage in Filipino

culture and politics, is the value system where one gains favor, promotion, or

political appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism),

as opposed to one’s merit. This system is deemed a source of many

controversies and corruption (www.panaynews.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-

shuns-padrino-system). According to Eleazar (2021), padrino system, or currying

favor through family affiliation or friendship instead of merit, in recruiting police

personnel should be out of the picture. He also, said that those intending to join

the police force should be selected based on their qualifications and

competencies. Furthermore, he implemented the quick response (QR) code

system, wherein applicants were “nameless” and “faceless” the entire application

process.
 18

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures employed in this

study. It includes the research design, research locale, the subjects, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study employed descriptive research design using survey

questionnaires. The descriptive research design measured and described one or

more variables (McCombesn 2019).

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study consisted of criminology graduates of

Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc., Where thirty nine (39) of them
 19

are now police officers and the remaining twelve (12) are not yet in the field of

law enforcement.

Data Gathering Instrument

The main instrument used in the study was a survey questionnaire

formulated by the researcher with the help of the Thesis Advisory Committee.

Data needed relating to the Effect of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment will be the basis in

formulating the questionnaire.

To determine the effect of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment, the respondents was rated the

indicators accordingly using the Five-Point Likert Scale with responses to choose

ranging from 5 which means Always; 4 as often; 3 as sometimes ; 2 as seldom;

and 1 as never.

Data Gathering Procedure

The design of the survey questionnaire was checked and approved by the

researcher adviser and research committee. Afterward, the researchers was

asked permission to the respondents to conduct the study. After the permission

was approved, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents

and give them a sufficient and appropriate explanation of the purpose of the

study. Answered questionnaires have gathered, tabulated, and subjected to the

appropriate statistical computation for analysis.

 20

Statistical Treatment

To analyze the gathered data, the researcher will utilize the mean and

standard deviation to describe the data. The following mean intervals and

corresponding descriptions below will be used.

Range Interpretation

4.50 – 5.00 Very High

3.50 – 4.49 High

2.50 – 3.49 Moderately High

1.80 – 2.49 Low

1.00 – 1.79 Very Low

 21

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

This chapter contains all the result of investigation and research

conducted by the researchers. Every analyzed data that was presented and

interpreted in this study were obtained from the 51 out of the total number of

registered criminologists who have experienced applying in the PNP and

graduates of Bachelor of Science in Criminology of Southern Mindanao Institute

of Technology, Inc. only.

Table 1. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Medical.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I have a hard time for
the result of the 2.4 LOW
medical check-up.
2. I encountered
unexpected negative 2.1 LOW
medical result
3. I am hesitant to seek
another medical check- 2.3 LOW
up.
4. I am nervous every
time medical personnel
checked my blood 2.7 MODERATELY HIGH
pressure resulting to
negative medical result.
5. I am anxious on the 2.0 LOW
result because I maybe
diagnose with illness
 22

caused by drinking and

smoking.
TOTAL 2.3 LOW

The table 1 implies that in terms of the level of the problems encountered

by the criminology graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of their

medical issues with an overall mean of 2.3 and interpreted as “LOW”, while the

highest common problem of the criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. in terms of

medical is being nervous every time medical personnel is checking them by

having a mean of 2.7 and described as “MODERATELY HIGH”, and the lowest is

being anxious on the result because they may be diagnosed with illness caused

by drinking and smoking by having a mean of 2.0.

Table 2. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Financial.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I experienced financial
deficit especially on my 3.2 MODERATELY HIGH
fare allowance.
2. I can hardly secure
other document
because my family 3.4 MODERATELY HIGH
could no longer provide
my financial need.
3. I experienced financial
deficit especially on a
sudden medical related 2.9 MODERATELY HIGH
matter, like dental and
ear examination.
4. I hardly afford a place
to sleep near the 2.6 MODERATELY HIGH
recruitment area.
 23

5. I can hardly afford

clothes to wear during 2.3 LOW
application.
TOTAL 2.8 MODERATELY HIGH

The table 2 implies that the level of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of financial is

“MODERATELY HIGH” for having an overall mean of 2.8. It shows that the

highest problem of applicants is they can hardly secure other document because

their family could no longer provide their financial needs with the total mean of

3.4 and interpreted as “MODERATELY HIGH”. It appears that the lowest among

the problems encountered by the respondents is the problem of buying clothes to

wear during application for having an overall mean of 2.3 and described as

“LOW”.

Table 3. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Agility.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I have hard time
completing the required 2.7 MODERATELY HIGH
physical test.
2. I felt nervous during
2.8 MODERATELY HIGH
execution
3. I felt pressured so I got
poor performance rate
2.3 LOW
on push ups, sit ups,
pull ups and jogging
4. My body is
unconditioned during
2.4 LOW
physical fitness
examination
 24

5. I lost control on my
body temperature
2.2 LOW
resulting to poor agility
test result.
TOTAL 2.4 LOW

Table 3 implies that the overall mean of 2.4 defines that the problems of

criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. in applying to the PNP in is described as

“LOW”. It reveals that the respondents are having a hard time in being nervous

during execution, having a mean of 2.8 and interpreted as “MODERATELY

HIGH”. It also shows that the applicants are also having a hard time completing

the required physical test with the total mean of 2.7 and described as

“MODERATELY HIGH”.

Table 4. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Psychological Test.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I have a hard time
answering the test 2.7 MODERATELY HIGH
questionnaire
2. I have difficulty in
2.2 LOW
handling my behavior.
3. 3. I have difficulty in
interpreting my 2.3 LOW
sketches felt
4. 4. I nervous when
2.6 MODERATELY HIGH
someone interview me.
5. 5. I have difficulty in
understanding abstract 2.2 LOW
questions.
TOTAL 2.4 LOW
 25

It implies that the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of psychological test is “LOW”

for having an overall mean of 2.4. It also shows that the highest common

problems of the criminology graduates of SMIT in terms of psychological test are

having a hard time answering the test questions, having an overall mean of 2.7

and the lowest is the difficulty in understanding abstract questions with the total

mean of 2.2, interpreted as “LOW”.

Table 5. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Recommending Person

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I have difficulty in
identifying PNP officials 3.1 MODERATELY HIGH
as reference.
2. I have hard time finding
any government
2.9 MODERATELY HIGH
officials as my
reference.
3. I lost my contact
number on the person
2.7 MODERATELY HIGH
stated in the reference
section.
4. I have difficulty in
asking for favourable
2.8 MODERATELY HIGH
time with my
recommending official.
5. My recommending
official has less
2.5 MODERATELY HIGH
connection in the
recruitment office.
TOTAL 2.8 MODERATELY HIGH

It implies that the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of recommending person is

 26

describes as “MODERATELY HIGH” for having an overall mean of 2.8. It also

appears that the highest among the problems encountered by the respondents is

the problem of identifying PNP officials as reference for having an overall mean

of 3.1 and described also as “MODERATELY HIGH”, and the lowest is their

recommending official has less connection in the recruitment office with the total

mean of 2.5 and interpreted as “MODERATELY HIGH”.

Table 6. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Communication Skills.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I cannot communicate
clearly and effectively,
2.3 LOW
both written and verbal
form.
2. I have poor listening
skills (i.e. didn’t know
2.1 LOW
how to listen to others’
opinion)
3. I have difficulty in
solving problems 2.2 LOW
constructively
4. I am afraid to talk in
2.2 LOW
front of other people.
5. I am afraid to approach
other people even if I
2.3 LOW
need some help of
something.
TOTAL 2.2 LOW

It implies that the total mean of 2.2 defines that the problems of

criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. in applying to the PNP in terms of

 27

communication skills is described as “LOW”. It shows that highest is both the

“cannot communicate clearly and effectively” and “afraid to approach other

people even if I need some help of something” with an overall mean of 2.3 and

described as “LOW”. It also reveals that the lowest problem encountered by the

applicants is their listening skills by having a total mean of 2.1 and described as

“LOW”.

Table 7. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Mental Process.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I have poor memory 2.4 LOW
2. I have difficulty in
understanding the
2.2 LOW
questions posted
during examination.
3. I hard time in
understand critical level
questions (e.g. reading
2.3 LOW
comprehension,
paragraph
development)
4. I have difficulty in
thinking especially if 2.7 MODERATELY HIGH
under pressure.
5. I have difficulty in
comprehending even
single questions 2.4 LOW
because I was
stressed.
TOTAL 2.2 LOW
 28

It implies that the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of their mental process is

“LOW” for having an overall mean of 2.2. It also shows that the highest common

problem of the criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. in terms of mental process is

thinking under pressure by having an overall mean of 2.7 and described as

“MODERATELY HIGH”. It also reveals that the lowest problem is having difficulty

in understanding the questions posted during examination with a total mean of

2.2 and interpreted as “LOW”.

Table 8. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of Recruitment Officers.

Items Mean (M) Interpretation

1. I am afraid in facing
different requirement
2.6 MODERATELY HIGH
posted by the
recruitment officials.
2. I have difficulty in
adjusting the attitude of 2.5 MODERATELY HIGH
the officers.
3. I am afraid to ask
question to the 2.3 LOW
recruitment officer.
4. The recruitment officer
are not considerable on
any problems that we 2.8 MODERATELY HIGH
encountered during
application.
5. I experienced unfair
treatment during 2.2 LOW
application.
TOTAL 2.4 LOW
 29

It implies that the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of recruitment officer is “LOW”

for having an overall mean of 2.4. It also shows that the highest common

problem of the criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. in terms of recruitment officer

is them for being not considerable on any problems that the applicants have

encountered during application by having an overall mean of 2.8 and described

as “MODERATELY HIGH”, while the lowest is the experience of unfair treatment

during application with the total mean of 2.2 and described as “LOW”.
 30

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, recommendations in the

study of Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP

Employment.

This study primarily aimed was to determine the problems why

Criminology graduates are having a hard time applying in the PNP. The research

design used was descriptive research with a researcher-made questionnaire in

gathering the essential data. The study was conducted at SMIT during school

year 2021-2022.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name

1.2 Age; and

1.3 Sex;
 31

2. What is the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of;

2.1 Medical examination

2.2 Financial;

2.3 Agility;

2.4 Psychological test;

2.5 Recommending person;

2.6 Communication skills

2.7 Mental process; and

2.8 Recruitment officers

3. Is there significant effect of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment?

Summary of Findings

After data gathered, tabulated, statistically treated and analysed the

following were the general findings of the study.

1. In terms of medical problems.

 32

The level of medical problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

2. In terms of financial problems.

The level of financial problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

moderately high.

3. In terms of agility.

The level of agility problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

4. In terms of psychological test.

The level of psychological problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

5. In terms of recommending person.

The level of recommending person problems encountered by the PNP

applicants moderately high.

6. In terms of communication skills.

The level of communication problems encountered by the PNP applicants

is generally low.

7. In terms of mental process.

The level of mental process problems encountered by the PNP applicants

is generally low.

8. in terms of recommending officer.

 33

The level of recommending officer problems encountered by the PNP

applicants is generally low.

CONCLUSION

Taking all the result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.

1. The level of medical problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

2. The level of financial problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

moderately high.

3. The level of agility problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

4. The level of psychological problems encountered by the PNP applicants is

generally low.

5. The level of recommending person problems encountered by the PNP

applicants moderately high.

6. The level of communication problems encountered by the PNP applicants

is generally low.

7. The level of mental process problems encountered by the PNP applicants

is generally low.
 34

8. The level of recommending officer problems encountered by the PNP

applicants is generally low.

9. The problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP

employment were mostly interpreted at a low level, such as medical,

agility, psychological test, communication skills, mental process, and

recruitment officer. On the other hand, the highest interpreted problems

were financial and recommending person as described as moderately

high.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the conclusion of the study, the following

recommendation were drawn.

1. The problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP

employment will be given attention. There will be a webinar conducted by

the school pertaining to the development and creating awareness for the

graduates of what they are going to face during their application.

2. The researchers recommend that even though the result of the study does

not counteract with the curriculum that is implementing by the school, as it

reveals that criminology graduates of SMIT, Inc. are equipped with proper

knowledge, determination and self-actualization as what we saw from the

respondents personally. It would be much better if the turn the description

“LOW” into “NEVER” by further improving the curriculum for the future

graduates to be a perfectly qualified public servant.

 35

REFERENCES

Bautista, M.L., Barrameda, J., Areta, E., Mojares, R.E. & Page, R.T. (2020).
Employment and employer’s feedback of criminology graduates from
2013-2016 in one Private Academic Institution in the Philippines. Asia
Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 7
(4).apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2020/08/APJEAS-
2020.7.4.02.pdf

Careers.Govt.Nz (2019). Holland’s

theory.www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-
models/hollands-theory

Capdos, MJ M. (2015) "The Employability of Criminologists in Provincial Regional

Office-Cordillera (PROCOR)". Unpublished Master's Thesis. University of
Cordillera, Baguio City

Giobbi, M. (2018). Characteristics of the trait & factor theory. Career Trend.
https://careertrend.com/info-8083595-characteristics-trait-factor-
theory.html

In recruiting new cops PRO-6 shuns padrino' system - Panay News.

(2022).www.panay news.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-shuns-padrino-
system

McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive research design. https://www.scribbr.com/

methodology/descriptive-research/
 36

Negro, E.O. & Amparado, M.A. (2017). The employability of the University of
Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandadue graduates from 1997 to 2010. IAMURE
International Journal of Social Sciences, 19 (1), 102-114.

No 'padrino' system, no corruption – PNP chief - Panay News (2021).

www.panaynews .net/no-padrino-system-no-corruption-pnp-chief

Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE) for PNP Applicants (2022).
thelifeof
maharlika.com/guide-physical-medical-and-dental-examination-pmde-for-
pnp-applicants

Refugia, J.N. (2021). BS Criminology graduates in Laguna State Polytechnic

University-San Pablo City: employability and problems encountered.
iiari.org/conference_ article/bs-criminology-graduates-in-laguna-state-
polytechnic-university-san-p

Repoyo, L.M. (2021). Tracer study of criminology graduates of A.Y. 2019.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6
(6). www.ijisrt.com1314

Ruiz, D.F., Pioquinto, P.V. & Amparado, M.A. (2020). Employment status of
criminology graduates.www.studocu.com/ph/document/san-ildefonso-
college/business/employment-status-of-criminology
 37

SOUTHERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Brgy. Buenaflor Tacurong City

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN

APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT

Direction: Please answer the questions honestly, the success of this study lies
on your participation.

Demographic Profile of the Respondent

Name (Optional)
________________________________________________________
Age:
22-24

25-27

28-30
Sex:
Male

Female

Problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP

employment.

Direction: Statement below describes the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment of Southern Mindanao
 38

Institute of Technology. Please put check () on the appropriate column

corresponding to your choice using the scale below.

Numerical rating Descriptive Rating

5 Always
4 Often
3 Sometimes
2 Seldom
1 Never

Table 1. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment

5 4 3 2 1

A. MEDICAL

1. I have a hard time for the result of the medical check-up

2. I encountered unexpected negative medical result

3. I am hesitant to seek another medical check-up.

4. I am nervous every time medical personnel checked my

blood pressure resulting to negative medical result.
5. I am anxious on the result because I maybe diagnose with
illness caused by drinking and smoking.
B. FINANCIAL

1. I experienced financial deficit especially on my fare

allowance.
2. I can hardly secure other document because my family
could no longer provide my financial need.
3. I experienced financial deficit especially on a sudden
medical related matters ,like dental and ear examination
 39

4. I hardly afford a place to sleep near the recruitment area.

5. I can hardly afford clothes to wear during application
C. AGILITY
1. I have hard time completing the required physical test.
2. I felt nervous during execution
3. I felt pressured so I got poor performance rate on push ups,
sit ups, pull ups and jogging
4. My body is unconditioned during physical fitness
examination
5. I lost control on my body temperature resulting to poor
agility test result.
D. PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST

1. I have a hard time answering the test questionnaire

2. I have difficulty in handling my behaviour.
3. I have difficulty in interpreting my sketches felt
4. I nervous when someone interview me.
5. I have difficulty in understanding abstract questions.
E. RECOMMENDING PERSON
1. I have difficulty in identifying PNP officials as reference.
2. I have hard time finding any government officials as my
reference.
3. I lost my contact number on the person stated in the
reference section.
4. I have difficulty in asking for favourable time with my
recommending official.
5. My recommending official has less connection in the
recruitment office.
F. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. I cannot
Communicating clearly and effectively, both written and
verbal form.
2. I have poor listening skills (i.e. didn’t know how to listen to
others’ opinion)
3. I have difficulty in solving problems constructively
4. I am afraid to talk in front of other people.
5. I am afraid to approach other people even if I need some
help of something.
G. MENTAL PROCESS
 40

1. I have poor memory

2. I have difficulty in understanding the questions posted
during examination.
3. I hard time in understand critical level questions (e.g.
reading comprehension ,paragraph development)
4. I have difficulty in thinking especially if under pressure.
5. I have difficulty in comprehending even single questions
because I was stressed.
H. RECRUITMENT OFFICERS
1. I am afraid in facing different requirement posted by the
recruitment officials.
2. I have difficulty in adjusting the attitude of the officers.
3. I am afraid to ask question to the recruitment officer.
4. The recruitment officer are not considerable on any
problems that we encountered during application.
5. I experienced unfair treatment during application.
 41

SOUTHERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Brgy. Buenaflor Tacurong City

February 10, 2022

Graduates of Batchelor of Science in Criminology

Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.
Brgy. Buenaflor, Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat, 9800

Greetings!

The undersigned researchers are currently working on a research study

entitled, Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP
Employment, in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology.

With this, we are requesting to conduct a survey based on your own

experience during your application in the PNP. Rest assured that the data
collected will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We are hoping for your kind
consideration.

Your response is highly appreciated.

Thank you and more power.

Restpectfully,

PADUA, MICHAEL JUDE B.

GALOY, ALI M.
PUNAN, ABDUL T.
SAMBILAN, BADRODIN S.
ARQUIO, JHARIEL P.
DORDAS, CLARCK A.

Noted By:
 42

JERSAM Q. BENIERA, J.D

INSTRUCTOR

ROSALINDA G. SABINO, MAT.

RESEARCH COORDINATOR

PETER PAUL O. DIOCADES, R.Crim., MS CJE

PROGRAM HEAD

Approved by:
FEDERICO S. SEÑERES JR.
SCHOOL PRESIDENT

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: MICHAEL JUDE B. PADUA

Address: Prk. Golden Duranta, Brgy. New Isabela,
Tacurong City

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: November 26, 1999
Place of Birth: Brgy. Romongabob, South Upi, Maguindanao
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 58
Tribe: Teduray
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father: Roland D. Padua
Mother: Helen B. Padua

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND
 43

Elementary: Timanan Central Elementary School

High School: Timanan South Upi National High School
Senior High School: Timanan South Upi National High School
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: BADRODIN S. SAMBILAN

Address: Brgy, Lagao, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: April 24, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 56
Father: Kamarodin Sambilan
Mother: Badria Sambilan

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Dadu Sambilan Elementary School

High School: Kapingkong National High School

 44

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Clarck A. Dordas

Address: Sitio S’Daf Panamin, Brgy. Sumilil,
Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: March 25, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 55
Father:
Mother:

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Gapok Elementary School

 45

High School: Gapok National High School

Senior High School: Isulan National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jharie P. Arquio

Address: Prk. Venus, Tuka Bagumbayan,
Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: July 18, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 55
Father:
Mother:

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Bagumbayan Elementary School

 46

High School: Bagumbayan National High School

Senior High School: Bagumbayan National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Ali M. Galoy

Address: Prk. Pagkakaisa, Brgy. San Pablo,
Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: May 26, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 60
Father:
Mother:

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Amado Fernandez Elementary School

 47

High School: Tacurong National High School

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Abdul T. Punan

Address: Brgy. Lagao, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: January 3, 2000
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 55
Father:
Mother:

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Dadu Sambilan Elementary School

High School: Kapingkong National High School

 48

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology