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El Dick - I2211

The java.lang package

PACKAGES
Chapter 3 M. El Dick - I2211

Overview of java.lang Classes of java.lang

 Provides
classes fundamental to the design of Java  Object
programs  Math
 String
 Does NOT have to be imported  StringBuffer
 import java.lang.*; (not necessary)  System
 The“Wrapper” Classes (list shown later)
 Other …

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Class Object Class Math
 Superclass of all Java classes  The class is final, the constructor is private, methods
and constants are all static
 Defines a set of non-static methods shared by all
 Contains 2 constants:
objects:  public static final double E
 boolean equals(Object obj) double x = Math.PI;
 public static final double PI
 boolean result = obj1.equals(obj2);

 String toString()  Contains a set of static methods:

 obj1.toString();  int abs(int i)
 Class getClass()  long abs(long l) int j = Math.abs(i);
 float abs(float f)
 obj1.getClass();
 double abs(double d)
 Other…

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Class Math (cont’d) Exercise

Math.cos(angle);//returns the cosine of angle  Class Angle
 1 field : « value »
Math.sqrt(num);//returns the square root of num  1 constructor : initialize field based on parameter
Math.min(var1, var2);//returns the smaller value  1 method : return maximum of cos between the current angle and
another one in parameter

 Other public static methods:  Class Trig

 truncation: ceil, floor and round  2 fields: «angle1 » and « angle2 »
 1 constructor: initialize fields based on 2 angles as parameters
 trigonometry: sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, toDegrees,  1 method: return maximum of cos between the two angles of the
and toRadians current trig
 logarithms: log and exp  1 main method: create 2 Angle objects, 1 Trig object and displays
the result of the previous method
 others: sqrt, pow, max and random

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Classes String and StringBuffer Class String
 String  Public constructors:
 Manipulate constant strings  String()
 StringBuffer  String(char[ ] data)
 Manipulate strings that can be modified  String(String original)
 String(StringBuffer buffer)
public static String reverse(String source){  Other…
int i, len = source.length();
StringBuffer dest = new StringBuffer(len); String word = “hello”;
for (i = (len-1); i >= 0; i--){
dest.append(source.charAt(i));
} Char table[ ] = {‘h’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’};
return dest.toString(); String word = new String(table);
}

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Class String (cont’d) Class StringBuffer

 Public non-static methods:  Public constructors:
 String concat(String anotherString) or +  StringBuffer()
 int compareTo(String anotherString)  StringBuffer(int length)
 int compareToIgnoreCase(String anotherString)  StringBuffer(String str)
 char charAt(int index)
 int length()
 String toUpperCase(), toLowerCase()
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(word)
 String subString(int beginIndex )
 Other…

String up = word.toUpperCase()

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Class StringBuffer (cont’d) Wrapper Classes
 Public non-static methods:
Primitive Type Wrapper Class
 StringBuffer append(String str), append(char c),
append(double d), etc. byte Byte
 char charAt(int index) short Short
 StringBuffer deleteCharAt(intindex) int Integer
 StringBuffer insert(int offset, char[] str), insert(int long Long
offset, char c), etc. float Float
 Other… double Double
char Character
String up = word.toUpperCase() boolean Boolean
void Void
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Why do we need them? Creating wrapper object

 A wrapper object can be used in any situation where a
primitive value will not suffice Using its primitive value Using String
Integer age = new Integer(40); Integer age = new Integer(“40”);
 For example, Double n = new Double(8.2); Double n = new Double(“8.2”);
 Some objects serve as containers of other objects Boolean b = new Boolean(false); Boolean b = new Boolean(“false”);
 Primitive values could not be stored in containers, but
Character a = new N/A
wrapper objects could be
Character(‘&’);

 Some methods take an object as a parameter

 Primitive values cannot be used, but wrapper objects can
be used Cannot create objects of the wrapper class Void

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 Methods of wrapper classes Methods of wrapper classes
 To convert to another type  To compare 2 objects of the same class

Integer num = new Integer(4); Integer num1 = new Integer(4);

float flt = num.floatValue(); //stores 4.0 in flt Integer num2 = new Integer(11);
if(num1.compareTo(num2)< 0)
Double dbl = new Double(8.2); System.out.println(“Num 1 is
int val = dbl.intValue(); //stores 8 in val smaller than Num 2”);

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Static methods of wrapper classes Constants of wrapper classes

 To convert a representation in a String to the  Class Integer
associated primitive:  MIN_VALUE: smallest int value
 MAX_VALUE : largest int value
int num1 = Integer.parseInt(“3”);

double num2 = Double.parseDouble(“4.7”);  Same applies for other numeric classes

long num3 = Long.parseLong(“123456789”);

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Autoboxing Class System
 Automatic conversion of a primitive value to its wrapper  Static class
object:  Cannot create objects of System
 Static fields
Integer obj;
int num = 42;  public static InputStream in;
Integer obj;
obj = num;  public static PrintStream out;
int num = 42;
obj = new Integer(num);  public static PrintStream err;

 Reverse conversion (unboxing) also automatic

System.out.println(“The code is ”+number);

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Class System Basic input/output

 Static methods import java.util.Scanner;
 public static void exit(int status);
public Class Test{
 Immediately terminate a program

 Return a status code

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
By convention, a non-zero status code indicates an error System.out.printf(“Enter an integer : “);
System.exit(6); int number2 = s.nextInt ();

System.out.printf(“Enter many doubles: “);

 public static String getProperty(String key); while (s.hasNextDouble()) {
double number2 = s.nextDouble();
System.getProperty("os.name"); }
}
System.getProperty(“java.version"); }

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 Class Date
The java.util package import java.util.Date;

class DateDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Date date = new Date(); // Get today's date

System.out.println(date);

long msec = date.getTime();

System.out.println("Milliseconds since Jan. 1, 1970 GMT = " + msec);

int month = date.getMonth();

int day = date.getDay();
System.out.println("Today is " + day + " " +month);
}
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Abstract class Calendar Exercice

import java.util.Calendar;
 Write a program that can
public class Main {  Compute the difference between two dates
public static void main(String[] args) {  Display it in terms of seconds
Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance(); // Get today's date

System.out.println("Current Year is : " + now.get(Calendar.YEAR));

// month start from 0 to 11
System.out.println("Current Month is : " + (now.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1));
System.out.println("Current Date is : " + now.get(Calendar.DATE));
}
}

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import java.util.Calendar;

public class DateDifferent{

public static void main(String[] args){

Calendar calendar1 = Calendar.getInstance();
Calendar calendar2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar1.set(2007, 01, 10);
calendar2.set(2007, 07, 01);
long milliseconds1 = calendar1.getTimeInMillis();
long milliseconds2 = calendar2.getTimeInMillis();
long diff = milliseconds2 - milliseconds1;
long diffSeconds = diff / 1000;
System.out.println("Time in seconds: " + diffSeconds + " seconds.");
}
}

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