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Control Chart

The document discusses quality control tools called control charts. Control charts can predict expected product outcomes, identify when a process is out of control, and distinguish between assignable and common causes of variation. They help eliminate assignable causes by getting timely data to identify causes and make corrective changes. For common causes, they help reduce variation through fundamental process changes. The document provides guidance on selecting the appropriate control chart type based on data characteristics, interpreting control charts to identify trends or rule violations, and distinguishing between special/assignable causes versus common causes of variation.

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himanshumips20
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27 views

Control Chart

The document discusses quality control tools called control charts. Control charts can predict expected product outcomes, identify when a process is out of control, and distinguish between assignable and common causes of variation. They help eliminate assignable causes by getting timely data to identify causes and make corrective changes. For common causes, they help reduce variation through fundamental process changes. The document provides guidance on selecting the appropriate control chart type based on data characteristics, interpreting control charts to identify trends or rule violations, and distinguishing between special/assignable causes versus common causes of variation.

Uploaded by

himanshumips20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quality Control Tool

Control Charts
 Purpose:
 The primary purpose of a control
chart is to predict expected
product outcome.

Control  Benefits:
Charts  Predict process out of control and
out of specification limits
 Distinguish between specific,
identifiable causes of variation
 Can be used for statistical process
control
 Strategy for eliminating assignable-
cause variation:
 Get timely data so that you see
the effect of the assignable
cause soon after it occurs.
 As soon as you see something
that indicates that an assignable
cause of variation has
happened, search for the cause.

Control  Change tools to compensate for


the assignable cause.
Charts  Strategy for reducing common-
cause variation:
 Do not attempt to explain the
difference between any of the
values or data points produced
by a stable system in control.
 Reducing common-cause
variation usually requires making
fundamental changes in your
process
 Control Chart Decision Tree
 Determine Sample size (n)
 Variable or Attribute Data
 Variable is measured on a
Control continuous scale
Charts  Attribute is occurrences in n
observations
 Determine if sample size is
constant or changing
Control Charts

Control Chart Decision Tree


X bar , R

X bar, S

IX, M oving Range


Start
p (fraction defective) or
np (number def. Per
sample
p

c (defects per sample


or
u defects per unit
u
Control Charts

What does it look like?


o Adding the element of time
will help clarify your
understanding of the causes
of variation in the
processes.
o A run chart is a line graph
of data points organized in
time sequence and centered
on the median data value.
Control Charts
Individual X charts

How is it done?
 The data must have a normal distribution (bell curve).
 Have 20 or more data points. Fifteen is the absolute
minimum.
 List the data points in time order. Determine the range
between each of the consecutive data points.
 Find the mean or average of the data point values.
 Calculate the control limits (three standard deviations)
 Set up the scales for your control chart.
 Draw a solid line representing the data mean.
 Draw the upper and lower control limits.
 Plot the data points in time sequence.
Control
Charts
 Next, look at the upper
and lower control limits.
If your process is in
control, 99.73% of all
the data points will be
inside those lines.
 The upper and lower
control limits represent
three standard
deviations on either
side of the mean.
 Divide the distance
between the centerline
and the upper control
limit into three equal
zones representing
three standard
deviations.
Control Charts

 Search for trends:


 Two out of three consecutive
points are in zone “C”
 Four out of five consecutive
points on the same side of the
center line are on zone “B” or
“C”
 Only one of 10 consecutive
points is in zone “A”
Control Charts

Basic Control Charts interpretation rules:


 Specials are any points above the UCL or
below the LCL
 A Run violation is seven or more consecutive
points above or below the center (20-25 plot
points)
 A trend violation is any upward or downward
movement of five or more consecutive
points or drifts of seven or more points (10-20
plot points)
 A 1-in-20 violation is more than one point in
twenty consecutive points close to the
center line
❖ Special / Assignable cause : Causes
due to negligence in following work
instructions, problem in machines
etc.This types of causes are avoidable
and cannot be neglected.
Special cause & ❖ Common cause : Causes which are
Common cause unavoidable and in-evitable in a
process.It is not practical to eliminate the
Chance cause technically and
economically.

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