Lesson 1: Introduction to Digital Library • To Digitize the Documents for Preservation

and for Space Saving.

Concept of Digital Library. The digital library is most
recent term being used for the library without books, Function of Digital Libraries
libraries having information in electronic format and
providing access in the digital formats. • Provide Access to a very large information
collection.
• Support Multimedia Content.
- According to LESK
• Network Accessible
A collection of information that is both digitized and
• Provide User-friendly interface.
organized and which offers a capability beyond those
of traditional library. • Unique Referencing of Digital Objects.
• Support Advance Search and Retrieval.
- According to GRIFFEN • Information is Available for every Long Time.
An organized collection of multimedia data with the
information management methods that represent Advantages of Digital Libraries
the data as useful information and knowledge to
people in a variety of social and organizational • No Physical Boundary.
contexts. • Round the Clock Availability.
• Multiple Accesses.
Meaning of Digital Libraries • Information Retrieval.
Digital library are those libraries which are fully • Saving the Space.
automated and all resources are in digital form and • To provide Facility for Downloading and
the access to the information available is provided to Printing.
a remote user as well as conventional use • Providing Universal Accessibility.
electronically. • Cost
• Network.
Key Components
• Geographically Distributed Digital Digital Libraries and Five Laws of Library Science
Information Collection
• Geographically Distributed Users. • Books are for Use.
• Information Represented by a Variety of • Every Reader his/her Book.
Digital Objects. • Every Book its Reader.
• Large and Diverse Collections. • Save the Time of the User.
• Seamless Access. • Library is a Growing Organism.

Characteristics of Digital Libraries Factors Responsible for Emergence of Digital

• The storage of information in digital form. Libraries
• Usage of communications networks to
access and obtain information. • Well-informed and Computer Literate User.
• Copying either by downloading or online / • Lack of User Concerned Material.
offline printing form master file. • Lack of Appropriate Library Budget.
• To Provide Access to Resources.
Objectives
• To capture, Store, Manipulate, and Problem Associated with Digital Libraries
Distribute Information.
• To have Large Number of Databases in CDs. • Information Accuracy.
• To Provide Facility for Networking and • Compatibility of Hardwares / Software.
Resources Sharing. • Shelf Life.
• To Access Machine Readable National and • Other Issues.
International journals
Lesson 2: Metadata Sources Metadata Characteristics:

Metadata. Often described as data about data, is Among the main characteristics of metadata are the
critical to all forms of organized digital content. following:

Structured Information 1. They are highly structured packages of

• Is information that is analyzed. information that explain the content, quality
• Highly-organized and readily accessible and characteristics of the data on the
through structured query language or other website.
forms of search. 2. They are precise and in many cases short and
made up of simple words.
Unstructured Information 3. They offer access points to the information
• Unstructured information is more difficult to on the website.
define, and at most organizations, far more 4. They encode the description of the website.
common than structured data assets.

Metadata. is generally taken to be structured

information about a particular information resource.

Information is “structured” if it can be meaningfully

manipulated without understanding its content.

Why do we need structure?

1. Structure is really there
2. Structure provides a way to name things

The role of metadata in your digital library can be Gradually, physical descriptions grew very complex
clarified by considering such questions as: and very large, as illustrated by the card catalogs of
the 20th century.
Where does your metadata come from? Is it
automatically extracted from digital objects, manually Functions of different types of metadata
assigned, or imported from an external source?
Preservation resources, metadata such for describing
How will the metadata affect document display, as recording preservation actions;
browsing, searching, and maintenance of the digital
library? Administrative metadata for managing resources,
such as rights information;
Does the metadata need any extra processing before
use? For example, do different versions of people’s Descriptive metadata for describing resources;
names need to be harmonized?
Preservation resources, metadata such for describing
Is the metadata in your digital library affected by the as recording preservation actions;
activities of the end-users?
Technical metadata related to low-level system
Is the metadata in your digital library affected by the information, such as data formats and any data
activities of the end-users? compression used;

Can you migrate your metadata to another software Bibliographic Metadata

application?
Working with digital libraries needs to know about
the different standard methods for representing
document metadata. Much of the work on metadata
in digital libraries is based on practices that have been
adopted in library cataloging, particularly the MARC • Users can read an e-resource any time
format libraries (machine-readable cataloging) that • Due to portability, e-resources can be taken
has been used by internationally for decades. any where on portable computer.
• Font size can be changed suitability;
MARC • E-resources provide facility to hold and turn
pages easily.
[The MARC standard] forever changed the • Physically disabled users can hear audible E-
relationship of a library to its users, and the resources.
relationship of geography to information. Henriette • In buying E-resources, the overhead charges
Avram (1960). like shipping, postal, handling are totally
ruled out.
MARC is a comprehensive and detailed standard • Some E-resources are interactive E-
whose use is carefully controlled and transmitted to Resources have background music and
budding librarians in library science courses. animations.
• E-resources do not require bindery and
Managing metadata with software tools has a long repair.
history in libraries, mostly deriving from the necessity • E-resources save human resources for
to move from card catalogs to computer-based shelving and rectification.
records.
• User can not misplace e-books
The core work was the development of the MARC
Type of E-Resources
standard in the late 1960s by Henriette Avram at the
Library of Congress.
• E-Books
• E-Journals
Once metadata was expressed in computer-based
• E-Zine
MARC records, it could be copied, distributed, and
shared among libraries. • E-Thesis and Dissertation (ETD)
• E-News Papers
• E-Reference books
Lesson 3.1: E-Resources • CD-ROMs
• Data bases
Purpose of E-resources
E-Books
• Main purpose of electronic resources is
providing current information. E-book is a portable hard ware and software book as
• Up Date information is necessary for a portable hardware and software system, that can
research work. display a large quantity of readable textuaI
• Through electronic resources users are able information to the user. An e-book is commonly
to access latest information. bundled by a publisher for distribution.
• Save time of user and staff.
E-Journals
• Solve the space problem in library.
• Easy to use and disseminate.
• An E-journal is processed published and
distributed all over the world by electronic
Need of Electronic Resources
network.
Electronic resources have great potential and bright • E- Journals started with the full text
future attract users. It combines all the benefits of the databases offered by Dialog in 1980's.
multimedia, digital coding and Internet. It enable user • Linking citations and references to
to carry everywhere and can be read on all types of bibliographic database or to full- text articles
computers including handled device. make it utility more.
Major electronic journal publishers are following:-
• E-Resources can be downloaded instantly. • JSTOR
• Blackwell Publishers
 • Springer Verlag & Kluwer • It is use for store large amount of structured
• American Chemical society etc. data, bibliographic information full text
information and images etc.
E-Zine • The In combination with Web server the
network operating system also enable
E-Zine means electronic magazine and it is also called launching of co, applications from Web
web-Zine. The articles that are stored of a file server browsers, by clicking on. hypertext links on a
may be distributed or accessed via a computer HTML page.
network. Some examples of e-zine are:
Data Bases
• www.indiatoday.com
• www.musicindia.com etc. Database is computerized record keeping system. The
important thing is that a database allows storing data
E-Thesis and dissertations (ETD) and getting 'it or modifying. There are to type of
databases –
• An ETD is an electronic document that
explains the intellectual works or research of • Analytical Databases
a researcher. • Operational Databases
• ETD is provides a technologically advanced
medium for expressing ideas with less Analytical Databases
expensive, small space, easy handling, high
longetivity and never collect dust. Analytical Databases are primarily static, read only
databases, which store archived, historical data used
Example:- for analysis. Web pages are generated dynamically
search parameters.
• www.unesco.orb/webworldtd/contribution.
html Operational Databases
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses
• www.geocites.com Operational databases allow to modify that data.
• www.more.edu.sg These types of data bases are usually used to track
real-time information.
Electronic News Papers

Like ETD, an electronic newspaper is a self-contained, Lesson 3.2: Multimedia Resources

reusable, and refreshable version of a traditional
news paper that acquires and holds all information in Features of E-resources
the news paper electronically.
• Text can be searched, except when
E-Reference books represented in the form of images;
• Hundreds or thousands may be carried
Many reference book are also brought out in CD-ROM together, on one device. Approximately 500
formats and available online through payment. There average e-books can be stored on one CD;
are a number of reference sources available freely on- • Type size and type face may be adjusted
line through Internet. • E- Resources can be used with text-to-
speech software;
• http://www.britanica.com/ • Distributed at low cost;
• http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ • Distributed instantly, allowing readers to
begin reading at once, without the need to
CD-ROM visit a bookstore.
• No risk of damage, vandalism, etc. on the
• A compact disk- read only memory is one of pages.
a series of devices.
Structure of E-Resources Plucker Format

• HTML Format Plucker is a free e-resources reader application with

• PDF Format its own associatedfile format and software to
• TIFF automatically generate Plucker files from HTML files,
• Plucker Format web sites.
• CHM Format
• PostScript Format CHM Format
• Desktop Author Format
• Rich Text Format etc. • It also known as Microsoft Compressed
HTML.
HTML Format • CHM format is proprietary format based
HTML.
HTML is the Hyper Text Mark Up Language used for • Multiple pages and embedded graphics are
most web pages. E-books using HTML can be read distributed along with proprietary metadata
using a standard browser like Microsoft Internet as a single compressed file.
Explorer etc., with no need for special equipment.
These files can be in ASCII format or in Unicode PostScript Format
format.
Post Script is a page description language used
primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing
Portable Document Format areas for describing the contents of a printed page in
higher level.
Published as a .PDF. A file format create by Adobe
Systems, initially to provide a standard form for Desktop Author Format
storing and editing printed publishable documents.
Because documents in .pdf format can easily be seen • Published as a .DNL. Desktop Author is an
and printed by users on a variety of computer and electronic publishing suite that allows
platform types, they are very common on the World creation of digital web books with virtual
Wide Web. turning pages.
• Digital web resources of any publication type
• PDF files designed for printing on standard can be written in the is format, including
paper size are hard to view on screens with brochures, e-books, digital photo albums, e-
limited size or resolution. cards, digital diaries, online resumes,
• PDF files typically contain product manuals, quizzes, exams, tests, forms and surveys.
brochures, magazine articles, or flyers as
they can embed fonts, images, and other Rich Text Format
documents.
• A PDF file contains one or more page images, The Rich Text Format (RTF) is a document file format
each of which can zoom in or out. developed by Microsoft in 1987 for cross-platform,
• Acrobat PDF files are optimized for the Web document. Most word processors are able to read
by rendering text before graphic images and and write RTF documents.
hypertext links.
How to access resources
TIFF
• Single point of access - where the e -
Tagged Image File Format:- resource is available at dedicated terminals
TIFF is a file format for storing images, in one of the University Libraries;
including photographs and line art. TIFF format is • Local networked access - where thee-
widely supported by image-manipulation resource may be accessed from networked
applications, by scanning, faxing, word processing, terminals throughout the University,
optical character recognition and other applications.
 including those in the Libraries and Open than one article from an issue, continuous
Access Computing Centers; downloading from a particular journal etc.)
• Internet-based access – Where the e-
resources may be accessed from networked Copyright issue about E-resources
terminals throughout the University, with an
increasing number being also available off- • The Internet IS NOT the public domain.
campus. However, if we make a copy and put it on our
personal WWW site, it less likely to be
Control Access considered fair use.
• If we make a copy from an electronic source,
Username and password – Access to some e- such as the Internet of WWW, for our
resources is controlled by username and password. personal use, it is likely to be seen as fair use.
There are both un-copyrighted and
• This facilitates usage analysis, minimize copyrighted materials available. Assume a
unauthorized access and ensures work is copyrighted.
compliance with license agreements. • Motion Media – Up to 10% or 3 minutes,
• All e-resources that are available off-campus whichever is less, in the aggregate of a
are controlled in this way. copyrighted motion media work may be
• Details of usernames and passwords can be reproduced.
obtained from any Library Enquiry Desk. • Text Material – Up to 10%, whichever is less,
in the aggregate of a copyrighted work
Rules for access Electronic Resources consisting of text material may be
reproduced or otherwise incorporated as
• The e-Resources are licensed for the non- part of a multimedia project.
profit educational use of the Institute. • Illustrations and Photographs - When using
• Copyright law governs use of these e- photographs and illustrations from a
Resources. published collective work, not more than
• Access to e-Resources is biased on license 10% or 15 images.
agreements with publishers. • Music, Lyrics, and Music Video :- Up to 10%,
but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the
Doing the following things are strictly prohibited:- music and lyrics from an individual musical
work.
• Systematic downloading, distributing, or • World Wide Web :- Up to 10%, but in no
retaining substantial portions. event more than 30 seconds, of the music
• Forwarding electronic versions of articles or and lyrics from an individual musical work.
the use of electronic articles for commercial
purposes. Lesson 4: Multimedia
• Strictly prohibited to download entire
journal issue or databases or an entire e- Multimedia
book. • Multimedia is media and content that uses a
• Library users are permitted to make digital combination of different content forms.
copies of individual documents, that is, to • The term is used in contrast to media which
temporarily to their own hard disc for non- only use traditional forms of printed or hand-
commercial purposes only. produced material.
• Under the terms of use it neither permits • Multimedia includes a combination of;
forwarding electronic versions of articles nor o Text
the use of electronic articles for commercial o Audio
purposes. o Still images
• Publishers keep track of patterns of use and o Animation video
where the publishers suspect misuse in the o Interactivity content forms.
form of systematic downloading (eg. more
History • Files with augmentation MOV are used to lay
up capture on film and song in order.
• The term “MULTIMEDIA” was first used by • MP4 is fundamentally identical to MOV
BOB GOLDSTEIN in July 1996 to promote format and lone differs by provided that
opening of light works. roughly added metadata.
• In 1970s the term was used to describe • MP4 put on record augmentation is
presentations consisting of multi-projector supported by multiple applications with
slide shows timed to an audio track. Apple ITunes, Xbox 360.
• In 1990s ‘multimedia’ took on its current • MPEG is a align of compressions methods
meaning. designed for audio and visual data.
• TAY VAUGHAN declared “Multimedia as • 3GP on PC may perhaps be viewed VLC
combination of text, graphic art, sound, media player, RealPlayer, QuickTime, GOM
animation, and video that is delivered by Player and Media Player Classic.
computer. • File Extension VOB (Video Object) is
• Computers marketed in 1990s were referred commonly locate such documents in DVD-
to as “MULTIMEDIA COMPUTERS” because Video media.
they contained a CD-ROM drive. • File Extension FLV ls used to deposit
Macromedia Flash Player collection. It can
Characteristics assign vector graphics, spill videocassette,
audio and text.
• Multimedia presentations can be viewed in
person on stage projected, transmitted, or Features of Multimedia
played locally with a media player.
• Broadcasts and recordings can be either • Text
analog or digital electronic media o Text is the most widely used and
technology. flexible means of presenting
• The various formats of technological or information on screen and
digital multimedia may be intended to conveying ideas.
enhance the users' experience. o Text is an essential aspect of
• Online multimedia is increasingly becoming presenting the information.
object-oriented and data-driven, enabling o Like each element of the
applications with collaborative end-user multimedia design, effective use of
innovation and personalization on multiple text can either direct users/readers
forms of content overtime. attention or divert it.
• Audio
Types of Multimedia o Audio refers to sound Multimedia
can contain sounds.
• Multimedia format include o Audio songs also come under the
o Audio heading multimedia.
o Capture on Tape o Multimedia presentations often
o Function of Photography have some audio tracks which
o Sideshows makes it easier for people to
understand.
• The following extensions commonly used to o Multimedia phones have music
lay up multimedia documentation: players to run audio music.
o MOV o Various audio software include VLC
o MP4 media player, real player etc.
o 3GP • Pictures
o VOB o Pictures(images) is a two-
o FLV. dimensional screen display, and· as
well as a three-dimensional, such as
a statue or hologram.
 o Graphs, pie-charts, painting etc. all user can control what they watch
come under images. and when.
o Images are a very useful feature of o Interactivity also relates to new
multimedia. Multimedia media art technologies where
presentation uses pictures or clip- humans and animals are able to
art to make people understand. interact with and change the course
o Various file formats of images are of an artwork.
.jpg, .png, .gif etc.
• Video Multimedia Today
o A video is unedited material as it • Multimedia and its related applications have
had been originally filmed almost become synonymous with modern
by movie camera or recorded by a technology; given the kind of explosion the
video camera. technological realm has seem.
o The embedding of video in • Multimedia makes our life easier several
multimedia applications is a times fold. It is through multimedia that
powerful way to convey mobile phones can be used for a number of
information which can incorporate purposes.
a personal element which other • With the introduction of newer generation
media lack. of mobile phones and more advanced
o Video enhances, dramatizes, and communication protocols the number of
gives impact to your multimedia multimedia uses that your phone can be put
application. to keeps growing.
o The advantage of integrating video • Video conferencing which enables people
into a multimedia presentation is across global borders to communicate with
the capacity to effectively convey a each other in real time is an excellent
great deal of information in the example of how multimedia has benefited
least amount of time. the world of communications and telephony.
• Animation
o Animation is the rapid display of a Future of Multimedia
sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D
artwork or model positions in order Scope of Multimedia
to create an illusion of movement.
o The effect is an optical illusion of • The technology of multimedia design utilizes
motion due to the phenomenon of various features like animation, video,
persistence of vision. graphics, audio and sound to impress the
o Animation adds visual impact to the users.
multimedia project. • Multimedia technology is used for 3D
o Animation are used in cartoons, cinema applications and mobile 3DTV
scientific visualization. environments.
• Interactivity • Animation is also being used in titling films,
o Interactivity can be termed as the creating special effects or in web
dialog that occurs between an entertainment programs. Thus scope of
individual and a computer program. animation is huge in context to market.
o Interactive multimedia refers to the • In the field of education multimedia is being
multimedia applications that allow used extensively especially for online
users to actively participate rather courses and trainings.
than being passive recipients of • Multimedia is also used in advertising
information. purposes.
o Technologies such as DVDs and
digital TV are classic examples of
interactive media devices, where a
Advantages • Multimedia for software interfaces are often
done as a collaboration between creative
• Multimedia enhances the effect of text professionals and software engineers.
presentations.
• Improves the quality of presentation and Conclusion
retains the attention of audience.
• It can be used for educational as well as • Design could benefit tremendously from
entertainment purpose. open and collaborative multimedia research.
• It is quick and easier to operate for the • Multimedia and graphics can be a very
instructor. effective tool to communicate, educate,
• Multimedia presentations can be modified compel, and convince you and/or your
very easily. audience.
• Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as • Multimedia can help to gain and hold
Educational. attention, make points clearer, stimulate
discussion, and in general, enhance the
Disadvantages learning process, if it also includes the
appropriate human elements.
• Non-interactive - if one-way, no feedback.
• Complex to create.
• Time consuming.
• Use of multimedia is expensive.

Commercial

• Much of the electronic old and new media

used by commercial artists is multimedia.
• Exciting presentations are used to grab and
Keep attention in advertising.

Entertainment and Fine Arts

• Multimedia is heavily used in the

entertainment industry, especially to
develop special effects in movies and
animation.
• Multimedia games are also very popular.

Education

• Multimedia is used to produce computer-

based training courses.
• Edutainment is an informal term used to
describe combining education with
entertainment, especially multimedia
entertainment.

Engineering

• Software engineers may use multimedia in

Computer Simulations.