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1. Complexity of the Topic: The Iodine Clock reaction is a chemical kinetics experiment that
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2. Laboratory Work: Coursework on the Iodine Clock often involves conducting experiments
in a laboratory setting. Analyzing experimental data, understanding the results, and relating
them to theoretical concepts can be demanding.
3. Comprehensive Research: A thorough literature review is necessary to contextualize the
Iodine Clock reaction within the broader field of chemical kinetics. This requires searching
for and understanding a range of scholarly articles and publications.
4. Mathematical Modeling: Depending on the coursework requirements, you may need to
perform mathematical modeling of the reaction kinetics. This involves understanding and
applying mathematical equations to represent the behavior of the system.
5. Writing Skills: Communicating complex scientific ideas in a clear and coherent manner is
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Crush two of the vitamin C tablets with the back of a spoon until they are nearly powdery. This
image is not licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other
images posted to the wikiHow website. Here you will find hundreds of lessons, a community of
teachers for support, and materials that are always up to date with the latest standards. Part 2:
Changing the concentration of the solution: Measure 20ml of solution A into a conical flask Make up
the following concentrations of solution B (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) using water Add solution A
to solution B and swirl. Therefore a modification that might be made could be to perhaps use a more
sophisticated and reliable water bath. This was conducted in exactly the same way as the H 2 O 2,
However, the total volume of KI used was only ever 10ml; the same number of different
concentrations were still tested though. This image is not licensed under the Creative Commons
license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The method
was then repeated using each of the remaining prepared test tubes; all of the results were recorded.
The second set of graphs drawn were identical to the first set, but rather than calculating half-lives,
they were used to find the gradient at five points along each graph (Graphs 2 and 5). For Trial 1
measure exactly 10.0 mL of solution A and pour into a 100 mL beaker 2. Wash them with a bit of
dish soap, and they're good to go. Due to the allotment of laboratory time, it was impossible to use
the same batches of solutions throughout the whole experiment. Therefore, for the same reasons as
already stated above for the reactions concerning H 2 O 2, I deduce that the order of the reaction
with respect to KI is also first order. This image is not licensed under the Creative Commons license
applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This change in colour
denotes the completion of the reaction. The n wait for the completion of the reaction. 4. Record the
time at the instant the deep blue-black colour first appears. The resource includes a brief background
to the experiment, a sheet to record data and some instructions for the Technician to help make up
the solutions. Firstly, the various solutions that were being used were not all taken from the same
batch of solutions. The actual process of drawing the graphs provides a number of sources for error.
Therefore there may have been some variation in actually deciding the end point of the reaction,
which may have lead to errors and inaccuracies in the results. I felt that there was no reason to ignore
or discard any of these results. This image is not licensed under the Creative Commons license
applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This resource hasn't
been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this
resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions.
Record the time taken for the solution to turn blue-black. Thank you, for helping us keep this
platform clean. Please log in with your username or email to continue. Within a minute or two, the
liquid should suddenly turn into a dark color. Therefore a 1.0M concentration will be used
throughout this investigation. The first concentration that was investigated, was that of H 2 O 2. Two
test tubes were taken, in the first was placed.
By measuring the gradient of this graph, a value for the activation energy E A can be calculated. The
classic iodine clock reaction demonstrates the properties of chemical kinetics through its mesmerizing
change in color, and it is sure to fascinate you and perhaps your audience. There were no
significantly anomalous results recorded, as all of them seemed to follow the same pattern when
plotted on the graphs. Therefore, the rate is independent of the concentration. This image is not
licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted
to the wikiHow website. This was conducted in exactly the same way as the H 2 O 2, However, the
total volume of KI used was only ever 10ml; the same number of different concentrations were still
tested though. This resource can be used for younger students to improve their experimental
technique and interpretation and graphing skills (leave out the chemical equations) or for A2
Cambridge, Honors or AP students who wish to measure more detailed reaction kinetics. These
volumes were measured out using the burettes, with each substance in a separate burette. Encourage
students to rinse out the flasks promptly once the reaction has finished. Although this was much
more accurate than using a bunsen to heat the water, the accuracy of the water bath to maintain the
desired temperature is questionable. Gaining the correct temperature of both solutions using the
water bath heated by a bunsen, was almost impossible, the temperature fluctuated constantly. The
editors will have a look at it as soon as possible. When the ln (rate) of a reaction is plotted against
the rate of a reaction, the following shaped graph is typical. Thank you, for helping us keep this
platform clean. Write a generalized conclusion for the effect of temperature and concentration on
reaction rate. On these occasions, the colour change was relatively slow, and this made it difficult to
determine when exactly the whole of the solution had changed colour. Eight test tubes were taken;
in each of the first four test tubes was placed. This image is not licensed under the Creative
Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website.
These factors are known as the key variables, and deciding which to vary, and which to keep
constant during the experiment becomes very important when it comes to calculating such things as
order of reactions and activation energies. The time taken for the reaction to finish was then
recorded. The reaction is quite complex, but what is essentially happening is that the vitamin C is
consumed, reverting the iodide ions to iodine molecules, which then react with the starch to form a
bluish-black hue. Record the time taken for the solution to turn blue-black. And so this is a very real
area where errors in the results may have occurred. Where possible this has been shown in the graphs,
in the form of error bars. Contact with the skin or eyes must also be avoided as it may be slightly
corrosive, but more likely it would cause irritation to the skin. It was made clear from early on in the
investigation through background knowledge and trial experiments the concentration of these two
substances does not have an effect on the rate of the reaction. It is necessary to get rid of the
undissolved particles so that it doesn't interfere with the experiment. For Trial 1 measure exactly 10.0
mL of solution A and pour into a 100 mL beaker 2. Two test tubes were taken, in the first was placed.
This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have
purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and
conditions.
I am not sure why there was variation in the times it took for the actual colour change to occur, and
therefore modifications to the method cannot be made, however this opens up the possibility for
further investigation. The units of k depend on the order of the reaction and can be worked out from
the rest of the rate equation. You will notice that the iodine becomes colorless — this is because the
elemental iodine from the tincture breaks up into ions, forming a colorless solution. (If your solution
does not turn clear, it means that you didn't put enough vitamin C, and you will need to remake the
solution.). In the second conical flask was placed 20ml of H 2 O 2, and two squirts of 2% starch
solution from a bulbous pipette. The actual process of drawing the graphs provides a number of
sources for error. Identify THREE factors which may affect the reliability of the results from this
lab. Add a small amount of cornstarch to another container (around a teaspoon; the exact
measurement isn't important). Iodine Clock Reaction Lab Learning Objectives Practice laboratory
techniques of safely altering the temperature of a solution and creating different concentrations of a
solution. There were no significantly anomalous results recorded, as all of them seemed to follow the
same pattern when plotted on the graphs. Bearing in mind that there is limited lab time, this is also
not ideal. By altering the concentration of one of the reactants (Part A) and by changing the reaction
temperature (Part B), the effects of these factors on reaction rate can be determined. By measuring
the gradient of this graph, a value for the activation energy E A can be calculated. This was
conducted in exactly the same way as the H 2 O 2, However, the total volume of KI used was only
ever 10ml; the same number of different concentrations were still tested though. Here you will find
hundreds of lessons, a community of teachers for support, and materials that are always up to date
with the latest standards. With just a few household items, you can easily perform this experiment
with great success. Use a different graduated cylinder to measure exactly 10.0 mL of solution B and
pour it into a second 100 mL beaker 3. When the results of a zero order reaction are plotted on
graphs of concentration vs. Pour one of the solutions into the other, then pour the solutions back and
forth sever times to ensure thorough mixing. However, this is optional, and is only done to
demonstrate the experiment more clearly. Write a generalized conclusion for the effect of
temperature and concentration on reaction rate. The rate of change of concentration of substance B, r
B may also have been measured. The rate of reaction determined by several factors, including the
concentration of the reactants, temperature, the surface area of reactants (for a heterogeneous
reaction), nature of reactants, and the presence of a catalyst. This image is not licensed under the
Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow
website. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some
feedback. It was made clear from early on in the investigation through background knowledge and
trial experiments the concentration of these two substances does not have an effect on the rate of the
reaction. The rate of the entire reaction can be measured by timing how long it takes before the blue
color appears once the two solutions are mixed. I felt that there was no reason to ignore or discard
any of these results. Firstly, the various solutions that were being used were not all taken from the
same batch of solutions. If results are to be discarded, then this will be clearly stated.
Also, the calculating of the half-lives requires further drawing using a ruler that is only accurate to
the nearest millimetre. Therefore a 1.0M concentration will be used throughout this investigation.
Therefore, I must conduct trial experiments to decide the best method to use, and become acquainted
with that method. The iodine that is then produced reacts immediately reacts with thiosulphate ions
as follows. Here, two clear, colorless solutions (named solutions A and B) react to form a blue-black
solution, due to the reaction between starch and iodine. By the nature of the water bath, it also
meant that only very few experiments could be heated and prepared at any one time. Due to the
allotment of laboratory time, it was impossible to use the same batches of solutions throughout the
whole experiment. Once the reaction was completed and the instantaneous colour change was seen,
the stopclock was stopped immediately. This was conducted in exactly the same way as the H 2 O 2,
However, the total volume of KI used was only ever 10ml; the same number of different
concentrations were still tested though. The reaction is quite complex, but what is essentially
happening is that the vitamin C is consumed, reverting the iodide ions to iodine molecules, which
then react with the starch to form a bluish-black hue. Try doing the reaction with different amounts,
containers etc. For a number of the experiments conducted, the colour change that indicates when the
reaction is complete, was not always as instantaneous as previously described. The n wait for the
completion of the reaction. 4. Record the time at the instant the deep blue-black colour first appears.
Does the amount of solution used affect the reaction time. However, in order to consider the possible
errors that I may have made, I also drew two more lines on the same graph giving the values of the
maximum and minimum gradients. Can you predict the time it will take for the iodine clock to ring.
The first concentration that was investigated, was that of H 2 O 2. Write a review Update existing
review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. The actual process of drawing the
graphs provides a number of sources for error. Therefore a modification that might be made could be
to perhaps use a more sophisticated and reliable water bath. The classic iodine clock reaction
demonstrates the properties of chemical kinetics through its mesmerizing change in color, and it is
sure to fascinate you and perhaps your audience. In the second conical flask was placed 20ml of H 2
O 2, and two squirts of 2% starch solution from a bulbous pipette. The color change occurs abruptly,
like an alarm clock ringing. It should be treated as having the same hazardous properties as above,
but also containing iodine which although in this form is not particularly hazardous, has the ability to
stain skin and clothing. By altering the concentration of one of the reactants (Part A) and by
changing the reaction temperature (Part B), the effects of these factors on reaction rate can be
determined. For cyanide poisoning it is often used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically
only recommended for severe cases. Modifications that could be made to perhaps increase the
accuracy of the volumes measured could include using more accurate burettes; spending more time
on both practising the technique, and conducting the actual experiment. Contact with the skin or eyes
must also be avoided as it may be slightly corrosive, but more likely it would cause irritation to the
skin. Within a minute or two, the liquid should suddenly turn into a dark color. Drawing an accurate
curve freehand is quite difficult requiring a steady and smooth action, and although this skill can be
improved with practise, it still provides sources of error.
This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have
purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and
conditions. Here, two clear, colorless solutions (named solutions A and B) react to form a blue-black
solution, due to the reaction between starch and iodine. Microwave the solution until it boils to
dissolve as much cornstarch as possible. The chemicals, quantities and techniques that are to be used
will all be looked at, and assessments will be made. Therefore it can be deduced that the order of
reaction with respect to. One person should record the time of reaction while the other partner mixes
the solutions. Can you predict the time it will take for the iodine clock to ring. The editors will have a
look at it as soon as possible. I believe that there is no reason to doubt the methodology behind this
investigation, the results gained show what was required to see how concentration and temperature
affect the rate of reaction. Bearing in mind that there is limited lab time, this is also not ideal. To
create this article, volunteer authors worked to edit and improve it over time. The n wait for the
completion of the reaction. 4. Record the time at the instant the deep blue-black colour first appears.
For cyanide poisoning it is often used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only
recommended for severe cases. This was conducted in exactly the same way as the H 2 O 2,
However, the total volume of KI used was only ever 10ml; the same number of different
concentrations were still tested though. The method was then repeated using each of the remaining
prepared test tubes; all of the results were recorded. The color change occurs abruptly, like an alarm
clock ringing. These volumes were measured out using the burettes, with each substance in a separate
burette. Eight test tubes were taken; in each of the first four test tubes was placed. Add a small
amount of cornstarch to another container (around a teaspoon; the exact measurement isn't
important). Modifications that could be made to increase the accuracy would be to only make up one
large batch of solutions, and conduct all of the experiments in one go, taking up no more time than
perhaps 48 hours. Iodine Clock Reaction Lab Learning Objectives Practice laboratory techniques of
safely altering the temperature of a solution and creating different concentrations of a solution.
Encourage students to rinse out the flasks promptly once the reaction has finished. Once the reaction
was completed and the instantaneous colour change was seen, the stopclock was stopped
immediately. The iodine that is then produced reacts immediately reacts with thiosulphate ions as
follows. Neither Achieve nor the lead states and partners that developed the Next Generation
Science Standards were involved in the production of this product, and do not endorse it. In order to
increase the rate at which reactions occur, the frequency at which reacting molecules collide must be
increased. These factors are known as the key variables, and deciding which to vary, and which to
keep constant during the experiment becomes very important when it comes to calculating such
things as order of reactions and activation energies. Identify THREE factors which may affect the
reliability of the results from this lab. I am not sure why there was variation in the times it took for
the actual colour change to occur, and therefore modifications to the method cannot be made,
however this opens up the possibility for further investigation. I felt that there was no reason to
ignore or discard any of these results.