measuremenT anD geomeTry • PyThagoras anD TrigonomeTry

are you ready?

Try the questions below. If you have difficulty with any of them, extra help can be obtained by
completing the matching SkillSHEET. Either search for the SkillSHEET in your eBookPLUS or
ask your teacher for a copy.

eBook plus
Rounding to a given number of decimal places
1 Round the following numbers to 3 decimal places.
Digital doc a 0.6845 b 1.3996 c 0.7487
SkillSHEET 5.1
doc-5224

eBook plus
Rounding the size of an angle to the nearest minute and second
2 Round the following angles:
Digital doc
i to the nearest minute
SkillSHEET 5.2
doc-5225 ii to the nearest second.
a 15è32Å40.5ë b 63è15Å32.4ë c 27è10Å15.8ë

eBook plus
Labelling the sides of a right-angled triangle
3 Label the sides of the following right-angled triangles using the letters H (for hypotenuse),
Digital doc
O (for opposite) and A (for adjacent) with respect to angle q.
SkillSHEET 5.3
doc-5226 a b c
q

eBook plus
Rearranging formulas
4 Rearrange each of the following formulas to make x the subject.
Digital doc 4.2
x x
SkillSHEET 5.5 a tan 15è = b tan 28è = c = 5.3
doc-5227 30 x tan 64°

eBook plus
Drawing a diagram from given directions
5 Draw a diagram for each of the following situations.
Digital doc
a Kate’s bushwalking route took her from A to B, a distance of 5 km at a bearing of 25èT
SkillSHEET 5.6
doc-5228 then to C, a further distance of 7.5 km at a bearing of 120èT.
b A ship steamed S20èE for a distance of 180 km, then the ship travelled N60èW for a
further 70 km.

132 maths Quest 10 for the australian Curriculum

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

5A Pythagoras’ theorem
Similar right-angled triangles
In the two similar right-angled triangles shown below, the angles are the same and the
corresponding sides are in the same ratio.
D

A 6 cm 10 cm

3 cm 5 cm

B 4 cm C E 8 cm F

The corresponding sides are in the same ratio.

AB AC BC
= = .
DE DF EF
To write this using the side lengths of the triangles gives:
AB 3 1
= =
DE 6 2
AC 5 1
= =
DF 10 2
BC 4 1
= =
EF 8 2
This means that for right-angled triangles, when the angles are fixed, the ratios of the sides in
the triangle are constant.
We can examine this idea further by completing the following activity.
Using a protractor and ruler, draw an angle of 70è, measuring horizontal distances of 3 cm,
7 cm and 10 cm as demonstrated in the diagram below.

c
b

a
70è

3 cm
7 cm
10 cm
Note: Diagram not drawn to scale.

Measure the perpendicular heights a, b and c.

a ö 8.24 cm    b ö 19.23 cm    c ö 27.47 cm

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 133

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

To test if the theory that for right-angled triangles, when the angles are fixed, the ratios of the
sides in the triangle are constant is correct, calculate the ratios of the side lengths.
a 8.24
≈ ≈ 2.75
3 3
b 19.23
≈ ≈ 2.75
7 7
c 27.47
≈ ≈ 2.75
10 10
The ratios are the same because the triangles are similar.
This important concept forms the basis of trigonometry.

Review of Pythagoras’ theorem

■■ Pythagoras’ theorem states that in any right-angled triangle, the c
square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the a
other two sides. The rule is written as c2 = a2 + b2 where a and b
are the two shorter sides and c is the hypotenuse. b
■■ The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right-angled triangle and is
always the side that is opposite the right angle. x
■■ Pythagoras’ theorem gives us a way of finding the length of 4
the third side in a triangle, if we know the lengths of the two other
sides.
7

Finding the hypotenuse

■■ To calculate the length of the hypotenuse when given the length of the two shorter sides,
substitute the known values into the formula c2 = a2 + b2.

Worked Example 1

For the triangle at right, calculate the length of the hypotenuse, x,

correct to 1 decimal place. x
4

Think Write/draw

1 Copy the diagram and label the sides a, b and c.

Remember to label the hypotenuse as c.
c=x
a=4

b=7
2 Write Pythagoras’ theorem. c2 = a2 + b2
3 Substitute the values of a, b and c into this rule x = 4 + 72
2 2

and simplify. = 16 + 49
= 65
4 Calculate x by taking the square root of 65. x = 65
Round the answer correct to 1 decimal place. x = 8.1

134 Maths Quest 10 for the Australian Curriculum

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

Finding a shorter side

■■ Sometimes a question will give you the length of the hypotenuse and ask you to find one of
the shorter sides. In such examples, we need to rearrange Pythagoras’ formula. Given that
c2 = a2 + b2, we can rewrite this as:
a2 = c2 - b2
or b2 = c2 - a2.

Worked Example 2

Calculate the length, correct to 1 decimal place, of the unmarked side of

the triangle at right.

14 cm
8 cm

Think Write/draw

1 Copy the diagram and label the sides a, b and c.

Remember to label the hypotenuse as c; it does a
not matter which side is a and which side is b.
c = 14

b=8

2 Write Pythagoras’ theorem. c2 = a2 + b2

3 Substitute the values of a, b and c into this rule 142 = a2 + 82
and simplify. 196 = a2 + 64
a2 = 196 - 64
= 132
4 Find a by taking the square root of 132. Round to a = 132
1 decimal place. = 11.5  cm

■■ In many cases we are able to use Pythagoras’ theorem to solve practical problems.
  First model the problem by drawing a diagram, then use Pythagoras’ theorem to solve the
right-angled triangle. Use the result to give a worded answer.

Worked Example 3

A ladder that is 4.5  m long leans up against a vertical wall. The foot of the ladder is 1.2  m from the
wall. How far up the wall does the ladder reach? Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
Think Write/draw

1 Draw a diagram and label the sides a, b and c.

Remember to label the hypotenuse as c.

c = 4.5 m
a

b = 1.2 m

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 135

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

2 Write Pythagoras’ theorem. c2 = a2 + b2

3 Substitute the values of a, b and c into this rule 4.52 = a2 + 1.22
and simplify. 20.25 = a2 + 1.44
a2 = 20.25 - 1.44
= 18.81

4 Find a by taking the square root of 18.81. a = 18.81

Round to 1 decimal place and include the unit of = 4.3  m
measurement (m).
5 Answer the question in a sentence. The ladder will reach a height of 4.3  m up
the wall.

■■ Sometimes the unknown length involves more than one side.

  In these cases, substitute into Pythagoras’ theorem, then solve the following equation for
the unknown.

Worked Example 4

Calculate the value of the pronumeral, correct to 2 decimal places,

in the triangle at right. 3x

78

2x

Think Write/draw

1 Copy the diagram and label the sides a, b and c.

b = 3x

c = 78

a = 2x

2 Write Pythagoras’ theorem. c2 = a2 + b2

3 Substitute the values of a, b and c into this rule and simplify. 782 = (3x)2 + (2x)2
6084 = 9x2 + 4x2
6084 = 13x2
4 Rearrange the equation so that the pronumeral is on the 13x2 = 6084
left-hand side of the equation.
13 x 2 6084
5 Divide both sides of the equation by 13. =
13 13
x2 = 468
6 Find x by taking the square root. Round the answer correct to x = 468
2 decimal places. = 21.63

136 Maths Quest 10 for the Australian Curriculum

 measuremenT anD geomeTry • PyThagoras anD TrigonomeTry

rememBer

1. The hypotenuse is the longest side of the triangle and is opposite the right angle.
2. On your diagram, check whether you are finding the length of the hypotenuse or one of
the shorter sides.
3. The length of a side can be found if we are given the length of the other sides by using
the formula c2 = a2 + b2.
4. When using Pythagoras’ theorem, always check the units given for each measurement.
5. If necessary, convert all measurements to the same units before using the rule.
6. Worded problems can be solved by drawing a diagram and using Pythagoras’ theorem
to solve the problem.
7. Worded problems should be answered in a sentence.

exerCise
5a Pythagoras’ theorem
inDiViDual FluenCy
PaThWays 1 We1 For each of the following triangles, calculate the length of the hypotenuse, giving
eBook plus answers correct to 2 decimal places.
a 4.7 b 19.3 c
Activity 5-A-1
Review of
Pythagoras’ theorem
804
doc-5011
6.3
Activity 5-A-2 27.1
Practising
562
Pythagoras’ theorem
doc-5012
Activity 5-A-3 0.9 152
d e f
More of Pythagoras’
theorem 7.4
doc-5013
87
10.3
eBook plus 2.7
Digital doc
SkillSHEET 5.1
doc-5224
2 We2 Find the value of the pronumeral, correct to 2 decimal places.
a s b c
u
1.98 8.4
30.1
47.2 2.56 17.52

d 0.28 e 2870 f

v 468
1920
w x
0.67

114

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 137

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

3 WE3 The diagonal of the rectangular sign at right is

34  cm. If the height of this sign is 25 cm, find the width.
4 A right-angled triangle has a base of 4  cm and a height
of 12  cm. Calculate the length of the hypotenuse to
2 decimal places.
5 Calculate the lengths of the diagonals (to 2 decimal
places) of squares that have side lengths of:
a 10  cm b 17  cm c 3.2  cm.
6 The diagonal of a rectangle is 120  cm. One side has a
length of 70  cm. Determine:
a the length of the other side b the perimeter of the rectangle
c the area of the rectangle.
7 WE4 Find the value of the pronumeral, correct to 2 decimal places for each of the following.
a b c 2x
25 3x 3x
4x
6x
18 30
x

understanding
8 An isosceles triangle has a base of 30  cm and a height of 10  cm. Calculate the length of the two
equal sides.
9 An equilateral triangle has sides of length 20  cm. Find the height of the triangle.
10 A right-angled triangle has a height of 17.2  cm, and a base that is half the height. Calculate the
length of the hypotenuse, correct to 2 decimal places.
11 The road sign shown below is in the form of an equilateral triangle. Find the height of the sign
and, hence, find its area.

76 cm

12 A flagpole, 12  m high, is supported by three wires, attached from the top of the pole to the
ground. Each wire is pegged into the ground 5  m from the pole. How much wire is needed to
support the pole?
13 Ben’s dog ‘Macca’ has wandered onto a frozen pond, and is too frightened to walk back. Ben
estimates that the dog is 3.5  m from the edge of the pond. He finds a plank, 4  m long, and
thinks he can use it to rescue Macca. The pond is surrounded by a bank that is 1  m high. Ben
uses the plank to make a ramp for Macca to walk up. Will he be able to rescue his dog?
14 Sarah goes canoeing in a large lake. She paddles 2.1  km to the 3.8 km
north, then 3.8  km to the west. Use the triangle at right to find out
how far she must then paddle to get back to her starting point in
the shortest possible way. 2.1 km

Starting point

138 Maths Quest 10 for the Australian Curriculum

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

15 A baseball diamond is a square of side length 27  m. When a runner on first base tries to steal
second base, the catcher has to throw the ball from home base to second base. How far is that
throw?

Second base
27 m
First
base

Home base
Catcher

16 Penny, a carpenter, is building a roof for a new house. The roof has
a gable end in the form of an isosceles triangle, with a base of 6  m
and sloping sides of 7.5  m. She decides to put 5 evenly spaced vertical 7.5 m 7.5 m
strips of wood as decoration on the gable as shown at right. How many
metres of this decorative wood does she need?
17 Calculate the length, in mm, of the hypotenuse of a right-angled 6m
triangle, if the two shorter sides are 5  cm and 12  cm.
18 The hypotenuse and one other side of a right-angled triangle are given for each case below.
Find the length of the third side in the units specified. Give your answers correct to 2 decimal
places.
a Sides 46  cm and 25  cm, third side in mm
b Sides 843  mm and 1047  mm, third side in cm
c Sides 4500  m and 3850  m, third side in  km
d Sides 20.3  cm and 123  mm, third side in cm
e Sides 6420  mm and 8.4  m, third side in cm
f Sides 0.358  km and 2640  m, third side in m
g Sides 491  mm and 10.8  cm, third side in mm
h Sides 379  000  m and 82  700  m, third side in  km
19 A rectangle measures 35  mm by 4.2  cm. Calculate the length of its diagonal in millimetres to
2 decimal places.
20 A rectangular envelope has a length of 21  cm and a diagonal measuring 35  cm. Calculate:
a the width of the envelope
b the area of the envelope.
21 A sheet of A4 paper measures 210  mm by 297  mm. Calculate the length of the diagonal in
centimetres to 2 decimal places.
22 A right-angled triangle has a hypotenuse of 47.3  cm and one other side of 30.8  cm. Calculate
the area of the triangle.

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 139

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

23 A swimming pool is 50  m by 25  m. Peter is bored by his usual training routine, and decides
to swim the diagonal of the pool. How many diagonals must he swim to complete his normal
distance of 1200  m? Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
24 Sarah is making a gate that has to be 1200  mm wide. It must be braced with a diagonal strut
made of a different type of timber. She has only 2  m of this kind of timber available. What is
the maximum height of the gate that she can make?
25 A hiker walks 4.5  km west, then 3.8  km south. How far in metres is she from her starting point?
Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
26 A square has a diagonal of 10  cm. What is the length of each side?
27 Wally is installing a watering system in his garden. The
pipe is to go all around the edge of the rectangular garden,
and have a branch diagonally across the garden. The
garden measures 5  m by 7.2  m. If the pipe costs $2.40 per
metre (or part thereof), what will be the total cost of the
pipe?
28 The size of a rectangular television screen is given by
the length of its diagonal. What is the size of the screen at
right to the nearest centimetre if its dimensions are 158  cm
wide and 96  cm deep?

Reasoning
29 During a recent earthquake, Helen’s large
bookshelf fell over. The bookshelf is x metres wide reflection
and 2.5 metres high. The ceiling is 3 metres high. The square root of a number
Show that if the bookshelf is lying on its side next usually gives us both a positive
to the wall and is able to be stood up directly, then x and negative answer. Why do we
is less than 1.658 metres only take the positive answer when
using Pythagoras’ theorem?

5B Pythagoras’ theorem in three

dimensions
■■ Many real-life situations involve 3-dimensional (3-D) shapes: shapes with length, width and
height. Some common 3-D shapes used in this section include boxes, pyramids and right-
angled wedges.

Box Pyramid Right-angled wedge

■■ The important thing about 3-D shapes is that in a diagram, right angles may not look like right
angles, so it is important to redraw sections of the diagram in two dimensions, where the right
angles can be seen accurately.

140 Maths Quest 10 for the Australian Curriculum

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

Worked Example 5

Determine the length AG in this box. A B

6 cm
C
D
E F
5 cm

H 10 cm G

Think Write/draw

1 Draw the diagram in three dimensions. A B

6 cm
C
D
F
E
5 cm

H 10 cm G

2 Draw in two dimensions, a right-angled triangle A

that contains AG and label the sides. Only 1 side
is known, so we need to find another right-angled
triangle to use. 6

E G
3 Draw EFGH in two dimensions and show the E F
diagonal EG. Label the side EG as x. We have
two of the three side lengths so we can calculate 5 x 5
the unknown.
H 10 G

4 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to calculate EG. c2 = a2 + b2

x2 = 52 + 102
= 25 + 100
= 125
x = 125
= 11.18  cm
5 Place this information on triangle AEG. Label the A
side AG as y. Now we have two of the three side
y
lengths. 6

E 11.18 G

6 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to find AG. c2 = a2 + b 2

y2 = 62 + ( 125 )2
= 36 + 125
= 161
y = 161
= 12.69
7 Answer the question in a sentence. The length of AG is 12.69  cm.

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 141

 measurement AND geometry • Pythagoras and trigonometry

Worked Example 6

A piece of cheese in the shape of a right-angled wedge sits on a table. It has a rectangular base
measuring 14  cm by 8  cm, and is 4  cm high at the thickest point. An ant crawls diagonally across the
sloping face. How far, to the nearest millimetre, does the ant walk?
Think Write/draw

1 Draw a diagram in three dimensions and label the B C

vertices. Mark BD, the path taken by the ant, with E 4 cm
F
a dotted line. 8 cm
A 14 cm D
x

2 Draw in two dimensions a right-angled triangle B

that contains BD, and label the sides. Only one
side is known, so we need to find another right- 4
angled triangle to use.
D
E
3 Draw EFDA in two dimensions, and show the E F
diagonal ED. Label the side ED as x.
8 x 8

A 14 D

4 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to calculate ED. c2 = a2 + b2

x2 = 82 + 142
= 64 + 196
= 260
x = 260
= 16.12  cm
5 Place this information on triangle BED. B
Label the side BD as y.
y
4

D
E 16.12

6 Solve this triangle for BD. c2 = a2 + b2

2
y2 = 42 + ( 260 )
= 16 + 260
= 276
y = 276
= 16.61  cm
7 Check the answer’s units. We need to convert cm = 166.1  mm
to mm, so multiply by 10.
8 Answer the question in a sentence. The ant walks 166  mm, correct to the nearest
millimetre.

142 Maths Quest 10 for the Australian Curriculum

 measuremenT anD geomeTry • PyThagoras anD TrigonomeTry

rememBer

1. Pythagoras’ theorem can be used to solve problems in three dimensions.

2. Some common 3-D shapes include boxes, pyramids and right-angled wedges.
3. To solve problems in three dimensions it is helpful to draw sections of the original
shape in two dimensions.

exerCise
5B Pythagoras’ theorem in three dimensions
Where appropriate in this exercise, give answers correct to 2 decimal places.
inDiViDual
PaThWays FluenCy
eBook plus 1 We5 Calculate the length, AG.
a A B b A B c A B
Activity 5-B-1
Pythagoras in
3-dimensions
C 10 C C
doc-5014 D D D 10.4
Activity 5-B-2
Pythagoras in E 10 E
3-D figures F F
doc-5015
10 7.3
Activity 5-B-3
Investigating H 10 G H 8.2 G
triangles in E F
3-D figures 5
doc-5016
H 5 G

eBook plus 2 Calculate the length of CE in the wedge at right and, hence, A B
obtain AC. E 4
Digital doc
F
SkillSHEET 5.4
D 10 C 7
doc-5229

3 If DC = 3.2 m, AC = 5.8 m, and CF = 4.5 m in the figure at right, A B

calculate the length of AD and BF.
F
D C

4 Calculate the length of BD and, hence, the height of the pyramid V

at right.
8
A B
8
D
8 C

5 The pyramid ABCDE has a square base. The pyramid is 20 cm high. E

Each sloping edge measures 30 cm. Calculate the length of the EM = 20 cm
sides of the base.

A
B
M
D C

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 143

 measuremenT anD geomeTry • PyThagoras anD TrigonomeTry

6 The sloping side of a cone is 10 cm and the height is 8 cm.

What is the length of the radius of the base?

8 cm 10 cm
7 An ice-cream cone has a diameter across the top of 6 cm, and
sloping side of 13 cm. How deep is the cone? r

8 We6 A piece of cheese in the shape of a right-angled wedge B C

sits on a table. It has a base measuring 20 mm by 10 mm, and is 4 mm
E
4 mm high at the thickest point, as shown in the figure. A fly F
crawls diagonally across the sloping face. How far, to the A 20 mm D 10 mm
nearest millimetre, does the fly walk?

unDersTanDing
9 Jodie travels to Bolivia, taking with her a suitcase as shown in the photo. She buys a carved
walking stick 1.2 m long. Will she be able to fit it in her suitcase for the flight home?
30
cm

65 cm

90 cm
10 A desk tidy is shaped like a cylinder, height 18 cm and diameter
10 cm. Pencils that are 24 cm long rest inside. What lengths of the
pencils are above the top of the cylinder?

11 A 10-m high flagpole is in the corner of a rectangular park

that measures 240 m by 150 m. 10 m
240 m A
a Calculate:
i the length of the diagonal of the park 150 m
ii the distance from A to the top of the pole B
iii the distance from B to the top of the pole.
b A bird flies from the top of the pole to the centre of the park. How far does it fly?

144 maths Quest 10 for the australian Curriculum

 measuremenT anD geomeTry • PyThagoras anD TrigonomeTry

12 A candlestick is in the shape of two cones, joined at the vertices

as shown. The smaller cone has a diameter and sloping side of 7 cm,
and the larger one has a diameter and sloping side of 10 cm. How tall
is the candlestick?

13 The total height of the shape below is 15 cm. Calculate the length of the sloping
side of the pyramid.

15 cm

6 cm

14 cm
14 cm
14 A sandcastle is in the shape of a truncated cone as shown. Calculate the length of the diameter
of the base.
20 cm

30 cm 32 cm

15 A tent is in the shape of a triangular prism, with a height of 120 cm

eBook plus
120 cm as shown at right. The width across the base of the door is
Digital doc 1 m and the tent is 2.3 m long.
WorkSHEET 5.1 Calculate the length of each sloping side, in metres. Then
doc-5230 2.3 m
calculate the area of fabric used in the construction of the sloping
1m
rectangles which form the sides.

reasoning
16 Stephano is renovating his apartment, which is at the end of two corridors. The corridors of the
apartment building are 2 m wide with 2 m high ceilings, and the first corridor is at right angles
to the second. Show that he can carry lengths of timber up to 6 m long to his apartment.

reFleCTion
The diagonal distance across a rectangle of
2 2
dimensions x by y is x + y . What would be
the rule to find the length of a diagonal across
a cuboid of dimensions x by y by z ? Use your
rule to check your answers to question 1.

5C Trigonometric ratios
angles and the calculator
■ Last year you were shown that each angle has specific values for its sine, cosine and tangent.
■ These values are needed for practically every trigonometry problem and can be obtained with
the aid of a calculator.

Chapter 5 Trigonometry I 145

 3 a 5 a b
500 N

180
20è
•

km
400
N N
300 B 120è S
Cost

• 70
200 25è 7. km 60è
5

m
• km

5k
100 A C
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time Exercise 5A — Pythagoras’ theorem
b Cost = 22.5 ì time + 160 1 a 7.86 b 33.27 c 980.95
c $435.63 d 12.68 e 2.85 f 175.14
4 a Numbers are 9 and 14. 2 a 36.36 b 1.62 c 15.37
b Length = 11 metres, width = 6 metres d 0.61 e 2133.19 f 453.90
c Chupa-chups cost 45 cents and Whizz fizzes cost 3 23.04  cm
55 cents. 4 12.65  cm
5 Milk $1.75, bread $2.35
5 a 14.14  cm b 24.04  cm c 4.53  cm
6 13 kangaroos and 8 cockatoos
7 Rollercoaster ride $6, Ferris wheel ride $4, Gravitron 6 a 97.47  cm b 334.94  cm c 6822.90  cm2
ride $8 7 a 6.06 b 4.24 c 4.74
8 a d = b + 10 8 18.03  cm 9 17.32  cm 10 19.23  cm
b 7000 = 70b + 40d 11 65.82  cm; 2501.16  cm2
c b = 60 and d = 70 12 39  m 13 Yes 14 4.34  km
d Number of seats in ‘Bleachers’ is 4200; the number of 15 38.2  m 16 20.61  m 17 130  mm
seats in the ‘Dress circle’ is 2800. 18 a 386.13  mm b 62.09  cm c 2.33  km
e $644  000
d 16.15  cm e 541.70  cm f 2615.61  m
9 a CG = 114 + 0.20k
b CS = 90 + 0.32k g 478.97  mm h 369.87  km
c 200 km 19 54.67  mm
d 114 + 0.20k < 90 + 0.32k \ k > 200 20 a 28  cm b 588  cm2
e k < 200 21 36.37  cm
10 a 5400 + 260d = CH 22 552.86  cm2
b 61 days 23 21.46 diagonals, so would need to complete 22
11 a n < 16 800 km 24 1600  mm 25 5889.82  m 26 7.07  cm
b Mick travelled less than 16  800 km for the year and his
27 $81.60 28 185  cm 29 Students own
costs stayed below $16  000.
working.

CHAPTER 5 Exercise 5B — Pythagoras’ theorem in three

dimensions
Trigonometry I 1 a 17.32 b 12.25 c 15.12
2 12.21, 12.85
Are you ready? 3 4.84  m, 1.77  m
1 a 0.685 b 1.400 4 11.31, 5.66
c 0.749
5 31.62  cm
2 a i 15è33Å ii 15è32Å41ë
b i 63è16Å ii 63è15Å32ë 6 6  cm
c i 27è10Å ii 27è10Å16ë 7 12.65  cm
3 a b A 8 23  mm
H q 9 No: maximum stick can be only 115  cm long.
O
q H 10 3.41  cm
A 11 a i 283.02  m ii 240.21  m iii 150.33  m
O
b 141.86  m
c 12 14.72  cm
O 13 13.38  cm
14 42.27  cm
H 15 1.3  m, 5.98  m2
A 16 Students’ own working
q
Exercise 5C — Trigonometric ratios
4 a x = 30 ì tan (15è) 1 a 0.5000 b 0.7071 c 0.4663
d 0.8387 e 8.1443 f 0.7193
4.2 2 a 0.6944 b 0.5885 c 0.5220
b x =
tan(28°) d -1.5013 e 0.9990 f 0.6709
c x = 5.3 ì tan (64è) g 0.8120 h 0.5253 i -0.8031

814 Answers