Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry Problem-solving ABC is 2n equilateral triangle. A Dis the midpoint of BC. Work out the height of the triangle. Give your answer in surd form A 5 8 a c 2em Problem-solving > Work out the length of AD the length of CD the perimeter of the triangle Give all your answers to 3 sf c tom 8B om Trigonometry 1 + Use trigonometric ratios to find lengths ina Trigonometry was used to map the British right-angled triangle. Isles + Use trigonometric ratios to solve problems. Fluency A 7 @ ieaeiweee + Convert each fraction toa decimal. 2, 2, 2, 4, 2 F + Name the hypotenuse in each triangle c R 1 Work out the size of each unknown angle. 2 Solve these equations, correct to 2 decimal places where necessary. 10 x Bes = c 35-55 d 95= The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. The side opposite the angle @s called the opposite. Pirate The side next to the angle dis called the adjacent. hypotenuse adjacent 136 Active Learn Homework, practice and support:Unit Angles and trigonometry ll Reasoning Draw triangle ABC accurately using a ruler and protractor. Angle A= 90°, angle B = 30° and AB=5cm. a Label the hypotenuse (hyp), apposite side (opp) and adjacent side (ad). b_ Measure each unknown side to the nearest millimetre Write the fraction opposite adjacent opposite hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent Convert each fraction toa decimal. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place d_ Repeat parts a to € for triangle ABC with i angle A~= 902, angle B = 30° and AB Ji angle A= 90°, angle B = 30° and Al Discussion What do you notice about the ratios of sides in a triangle with angles 30°, 60° and 90°? Ina right-angled triangl ‘The sine of angle dis the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse, sin @= a d The cosine of angle Gis the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse, cos @ Sa .20P adj You can find the sine, cosine and tangent of an angle using the (sin) (tan) keys on your calculator, ‘The tangent of angle is the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side, tan 0 il 4 Use your calculator to find, correct to 1 decimal place where necessary a sin35° b cosi7 4a hint Press (eA) (3) (SI) © tan 82? d cos 73° B tani Penis on your calculator. Calculate the length of the side marked «. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. opp 3 40cm opp sind You are given ‘opp and ‘hyp’ so use the sine ratio. adj —— Substitute the sides and angle into the sine ratio. X= 10xsin 32" Rearrange to make x the subject. = 5,2991,., ———| Use your calculator to work out 10 x sin32°. = 5.30.cm (to sf) —] Round your answer to 3 sf and put in the units. 137Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 5 Calculate the length of the side marked x in each triangle. na Give your answers correct to Q5a hint Use sin Q5b hint Use fans a 3 significant figures. = AN a b c Bem 4 ‘ 126m — ds lo 6 Reflect The mnemonic SOHCAHTOA can be used to remember the sine, cosine and tangent ratios. Does it help you? Can you devise a mnemonic of your own? em fF 7 Calculate the length of the side marked x. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. s 7 hint You are given adj and hyp so use the cosine rat, 4 [a 150m Calculate the length of the side marked x in each triangle, Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. a b « x Sem 7.2m Caleulate the value of x. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. (3 marks) Nov 2012, O17, MAOH 138Unit Angles and trigonometry 10 Problem-solving / Reasoning A shed roof makes an angle of 41° with the horizontal. 4m 4m 6m The width of the shed is 6m. The length of each slope is 4m. Calculate the height of the roof. | The angle of elevation (e) is the angle measured upwards from the horizontal. ‘The angle of depression (fis the angle measured downwards from the horizontal. | SS Real / Modelling A ladder 7m long is leaning against a wall. FEE The angle of elevation is 72°. What height does the ladder reach? 7™m (Q11 strategy hint Use a sketch. Trigonometry 2 Cie a + Use trigonometric ratios to calculate an A sextant is a navigation tool used at sea. angle in a right-angled triangle. Ituses trigonometry to calculate the angle + Find angles of elevation and angles of between two fixed points. depression. + Use trigonometric ratios to solve problems. + Know the exact values of the sine, cosine and tangent of some angles. Fluency c Pp Name the opposite and adjacent sides in these triangles. Q as R Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 5.7 139Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 1 Use your calculator to find, correct to 2 decimal places a tan age b cos 16° sin 75° TS) 2 ABCis aright-angled triangle. 8 Be Calculate the length of AB, correct to 2 decimal places. 35cm A c Parone If the lengths of two sides of a right-angled triangle are given, you can find a missing angle using the inverse trigonometric functions: sin cost tan Make sure you know how to use sin~!, cos-! and tan on your calculator. Use the inverse Function on your calculator to find the value of @ cortect to 0.1°. a sin@=0562 —b coso 0 Q3 communication hint Correct to 0.1° means give your answer to 1 dp. 805 c tan 0=0246 d sino=4$ Q3d hint Enter £as a fraction. f tano= Be ae Calculate the size of angle x. angle= 3 = Sem gem cppoetve = Som Identify the information given: angle, opposite and hypotenuse. hypotenuse = Sem a Gaia aaa STS Ta om = 9 | Substitute the sides and angle into the sine rata, xeon (2 es Use sin-* to find the angle. x =33.7"(to1 4p) ——} Round your answer to 1d.p. 4 Calculate the size of angle x in each triangle. Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. a b « 45cm Tom 3cm 45cm 12cm 720m J ha hint Use sin x = SPE 2b hint Use cos * | | Qc hint Use tan x = PP typ typ adj 140Fall 0 0 O Unit Angles and trigonometry x Diagram NOT accurately drawn 6am 96cm M LMN js a right-angled triangle, MN=9.6em, LM =6.4em. Calculate the size of the angle marked 2°. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. (3 marks) Junie 2012, O16, IMAO2H Real / Problem-solving A flagpole is secured to the ground by wires. Each wire is 4m long. ‘The wires attach to the flagpole at a height of 3m. ‘What is the size of the angle (1) the wire makes with the ground? Real / Problem-solving A tree 20m in height stands on horizontal ground. ‘Work out the angle of elevation of the top of the tree from point A. fs La Discussion How can you work out the angle of depression of point A from the top of the tree? Real / Problem-solving From P, a ship sails ‘Ship 3km East and then 5km North to its destination. Ahelicopter flies from P directly to the ship. a How far does the helicopter fly? b Onwhat angle (x) from North should the helicopter fly? North Skm Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. * 40m Pp 3km Real / Problem-solving From the top of a vertical cliff, Q9 hint Sketch and 65m high, a lifeguard can see a boat out at sea label a right-angled The boat is 42m from the base of the cliff. [leng\s to:show thks information. ‘What is the angle of depression of the boat from the top of the cliff? 141142 Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 10 Problem-solving Work out the area of Ley this isosceles triangle. Som 11 Problem-solving Calculate the size of angle (in this diagram om, Tem! 7 c = (Qizci hint Your 12 ABCIs an isosceles triangle answer snot 2 Use the diagram to write the value of tan 45° looklke thi b Use Pythagoras’ theorem tofind thelength 1m | V of BC. Leave your answer in surd form. Write these ratios as exact values using surds. sin 45° 05 45° Ao B 13. ABC i an equilateral triangle. Dis the midpoint of AC 8 2em 2em Qi3a hint Sketch right-angled triangle ABD. ‘Add length AD and angle ABD to x + c your diagram 2am a. Use the diagram to write these ratios as fractions, ‘Quse him " Your answer should i cos6o° ii sin 30° oer b- Work out the length of BD. Leave your answer in surd form, © Write these ratios as exact values using surds. sin 60° i sin6or ii tan6o" ii cos.30° iv tan 30° The sine, cosine and tangent of some angles may be written exactly. 30° 45° 60" ° 90° 1 wz 3 sin s $ = ° 1 B we 1 cos 3 aa z 2 ° ces qa tan 3 1 3 °Unit Angles and trigonometry 14 Find the exact value of x in these triangles, a b « v3 2 4 Z 2 | Q14 strategy hint Sketch the triangle. | a i z Label the hyp. opp and adj Decide on the ratio to use by looking |, | at Key point 12, Substitute the values you are given. In this quadrilateral, angles PQR and QRS are equal. Angle PSR is 4 angle QRS. Angle QPS is $ angle QRS. a Find angle PSR. b Show that angle QPS is a right angle. equal Prats. ‘Sketch the diagram and write your findings on it as you go. ORS 7 $ ars— < 7 s P Let angle QRS be x: Angle ORS is used to define a lot of other angles. AngePR= Sa So call this ‘unknown’ angle x°. Angle ars = Sx ‘Angles in a quadrilateral Angles is the quadrilateral PORS = 3 +24 44 Se = 86x = 360° —| sum to 360°. ‘helo = 3,4 360=108'———__ rT] 10”. a AngeP9R= x= $x 105-6: | Use the fact that PSR = $2 b Angle aPs = $x= $x 105 = 90" Show that angle QP5is a right angle ie 90 ‘Therefore angle QPS is a right angle, 143Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 1 Inthis triangle, angle BAC is 25% of angle ABC. The ratio angle ACB:angle ABC is a What Is the size of angle ABC? b> What kind of triangle is this? c B la hint Copy the diagram. Call angle ABC x. Rewrite the percentage and ratio as fractions, then label the other angles in terms of x. a 2 Antony thinks of three numbers. [Genin Le the st number be | + The second number is 4 times the first. + The third number is 4 less than the second. + The first number multiplied by the second number is 25. Find the three numbers. 3 Arectangle has a length twice its width. Its diagonal is y&5cm. | Q3 hint Draw a rectangle What are the length and width of the rectangle? with 9 diagonal. Label the shorter sides x. 4 — Aright-angled triangle has a hypotenuse that length of the base. What are its angles? 6 times the 5 This brand logo is a heptagon with a vertical line of symmetry. Angle Ais three times angle C. Angle B is four times angle C. Angle D is 260°. Find angles E, Fand G. Q5 hint Sketch the diagram. Angle C seems important (itis mentioned twice) so callit x. Label the other angles in terms of x, then use these to form an equation, e 6 Reflect Choose A, Bor C: Solving problems by using 2 for the unknown is: A always easy B sometimes easy, sometimes hard always hard Discuss with a classmate or your teacher what you did find easy or hard. Log how you did on your ‘Student Progression Chart. Angles and polygons 1a What is the size of each interior angle of a regular decagon? b_ What is the size of an exterior angle of a regular pentagon? 2 Part of a regular polygon is shown. (5/ How many sides does the polygon have? 144 Active Li ‘@TT] Homework, practice and support:Unit Angles and trigonometry 3 Work out the size of angle x. 4 DEAIsa straight line. ABEF is a rectangle. ‘Angle ACD = 90° and angle EAB = 36°. ‘Work out the size of angle DEB. Give reasons for your working. 5 Work out the size of angle ABE. Give reasons for your working. c A 6 Communication Show that for any quadrilateral a+b+e+d=360° 7 Reasoning BCD isan isosceles triangle. E D AC is parallel to ED. AE is parallel to BD. Angle BAE = 62° Work out the size ofthe angle marked x. _/o2°\ in Give reasons for your working. a B c 145Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry Pythagoras’ theorem 8 Calculate the length of xin each right-angled triangle. Give your answers correct to 2 significant figures. a b 3.7em 3.6m Stem Reasoning A triangle has sides of length 3cm, 6¢m and Tem, Is the triangle a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer. Work out the length of AC in this right-angled triangle. Give your answer in surd form. Trigonometry 11. Calculate the length of the side marked x in each triangle, Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures. a b 420m 7.3m 12. Calculate the size of angle y in this triangle. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. Q 52am, 43cm [Sj] 13 Akite is flying at a height of 11.7 m ae The string of the kite is 14m long. What is the angle of elevation of the kite? Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 146Unit Angles and trigonometry 14 Write down the value of a tan4se b sin 30° © cos 60° 115 How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly Just guessing (2) Feeling doubtful G3) confident () ‘What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or extend your learning. * Challenge 16 The square and the isosceles triangle have the same area. Find tan Not to scale Angles and polygons 1 Reasoning Mario divides some shapes into triangles to work out the sum of the interior angles. a Copy and complete his table, Polygon | Quadrilateral | Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon i Number of sides (n) Number of triangles Sum of interior | 2x 180° = 360" angles b Copy and complete Mario's working to find an expression for the sum of the interior angles of any polygon. Number of sides = Number of triangles = n= __ Summ of interior angles = (n= __)x__* ‘Qic hint Use your © Work out the sum of the interior angles of a decagon. anntcti PALE, Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 5 Strengthen 7148 Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 2 — Work out the size of each interior angle of these shapes. The first one has been started for you. a regular nonagon Sum of interior angles = (n~ yh -@-_) Interior angie=__*=9 b_ aregular polygon with 12 sides « 3 The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon What is the size of an exterior angle of a a regular quadrilateral b regular decagon regular polygon with 18 sides? 4% a Rearrange the formula to make 7, number of sides, the subject. 160° exterior angle = 320 b How many sides does a regular polygon have ifthe exterior angle is i 90° ii 60 iii 30" iv 12° 5. Part of a regular polygon is shown, D e 2 Identify the interior and exterior angle. b_ Work out the size of x. © How many sides does the polygon have? Q2 communication hint In a regular polygon all the sides and all the angles are equal. a regular polygon with 20 sides. 360°. ‘Q3a hint Divide 360° by the number of sides. anne 5 (Qéb hint Use your answer to part a, (Q5b hint Use the fact that angles on a straight line add up to 180°, 6 a What is the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon? a xi, ra Cy Wa) (i077 Work out the size of x. 7 Coramunication Work out the size of angle ABC. Give reasons for your working. The working has been started for you. A, xe Srere5+x4 72 (angles ina quadrilateral) @x+__=_* Q6b hint Use your answer to part a to form an equation. + 110% + 80° + 130°+115°+120°=_° Solve it for x. Q7 hint Have you answered the question asked?ESL) Unit Angles and trigonometry 8 Reasoning / Communication Work out the value of x and y. Give reasons for your working. Q8 hint Use these reasons: Alternate angles are equal. Angles in a triangle sum to 180°. Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. aw Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. B c 9 Reasoning / Communication Are these statements true of false? Explain your answers. a m=x b zexty © m=ytz ds m=180°-x © x=180°-(y+2) 10 Reasoning Copy each diagram. @ Write x in all the angles equal to x in each diagram. b Write y in all the angles equal to 180 - x in each diagram. < Lookat your diagram for part ii, What properties of parallelograms are shown? Pythagoras’ theorem 1 Name the hypotenuse in each triangle. a c . Qi hint The hypotenuse is the longest side and is opposite the right angle. 2 The hypotenuse of this right-angled triangle is labelled c. Copy and complete these steps to find the value of c. Bem| Q2 hint In a right-angled triangle, ‘the square of the hypotenuse is ‘equal to the sum of the squares of the other twa sides. This is Pythagoras’ theorem. 149Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 3 Caleulate the length of cin these right-angled triangles. Round your answer to 1 decimal place where necessary. a ¥ 12m (Q3 hint Use the same method as in Q2. 5 Bon zasm| f. ‘030 hint Do not round before taking the square root. You should find the son square root of 650.25, a 4 — One of the shorter sides of this right-angled triangle is labelled b. ae Copy and complete these steps to find the value of 6. pan Ds (Q4 hint Pythagoras’ theorem: c? = a? + b* ° eaeeP 10t@=_ 24 100-_ 4 =100 (Sj) 5 Calculate the length x in each right-angled triangle, correct to 2 dp. where necessary. ae a b ‘ent q: - (Q5a hint Check your answer. ‘Som em TAm [Sj] © Reasoning Aaron says, Triangle ABC is right-angled! Is Aaron correct? Explain. ey A ¢ .Q6 hint A triangle is only right-angled if a 180m c= a? +b where cis the longest side. Start: 7om ery c a=. 5 16cm 6 (Q7 hint Make sure any surds 7 Work out the value of x in each right-angled triangle. Meh ieeaaeaean Give your answers in surd form. a b « 9 x 6 tem r x © om Fe 150Unit Angles and trigonometry Trigonometry 1 Sketch these triangles and label the hypotenuse, opeste and adjacent sides a A bp B ~ c R 2 Write sin x, cos x and tan x as fractions for this triangle, The first one has been started for you. opposite 0 ona ~ | eotenuee E] 3. Use your calculator to find, correct to 2 ds a sin22° b tan36° d tans8° J) 4 Copyand complete. Use your calculator to find each angle to 1 decimal place. eae eta) = 0806) yeas) a-1"()) b= cos) 5 calculating the length of the side marked x in this triangle. 33) Copy and complete her working. SOH CAH ‘Q5 hint Round your @ answer to 1d.p. and tan = PP putin the units. adj x tan 3e°=% 3 Se aa H=5x re zl 6 Calculate the length of the side marked «in each triangle. MRMUAIS ERE Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. method as in 8, a b Write SOH CAH TOA, Underline the information 4 13cm z you are given. Stam Use the ratio with two underlines. 151152 Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 7 11 Copy and complete this table. Leave your answers in surd form. a 30° | ase | oor ° 30° | at Key point 12. Calculate the size of angle x. The working has been started for you hyp SOHEAPYTOA 15cm, cay opp a) ‘12em adj Calculate the size of angle ABC in this triangle. Give your answer correct t0.0.1°. A (08 hint Sketch triangle ABC. Bem Label angle ABC. Then use the same method as in Q8. c B om Which angle is an angle of elevation and which is an angle of depression? Real / Problem-solving From the top of a vertical cliff,C, a boat, B, can be seen out at sea. The cliff is 90m high. The boat is 110m from the base of the cliff. 8 Copy and complete the diagram to show the information you are given. c 90m 8 A b What is the angle of elevation of the cliff top from the boat? Q10b hint Find the Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. angle at B. sinUnit Angles and trigonometry 1 Problem-solving A rectangle BCEF is constructed inside a regular hexagon ABCDEF. Work out the size of angle DEC. 2 Gamstylequestion Diag NOT acct awn B © A F D F ABCDE is a regular pentagon. BCF and EDF are straight lines. Work out the size of angle CFD. ‘You must show how you got your answer. (3 marks) June 2014, QL, IMAO/E 3. Problem-solving Work out the size of angle QSP. Give reasons for your working. O s ABCD is a trapezium. A Diagram NOT aceurately dawn 10cm, sem B 3am B e AD= 10cm, AB 9em, DC = 3em ‘Angle ABC angle BCD = 90° Calculate the length of AC. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. (5 marks) Nov 2012, QIS, IMAO2H ——————__ 5 Problem-solving A rectangular garden measures 25m by 20m. A path is laid diagonally across the garden and along the whole of its perimeter. What is the total length of the path? 6 Problem-solving The ratio of the interior angles of a pentagon is 1:2: ‘Work out the sizes of all five interior angles. 24:5. 153Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 7 Problem-solving The exterior and interior angles of a regular polygon are in the ratio 1:2. How many sides does the polygon have? Problem-solving The area of triangle ABC is 42cm’. A 8 c Calculate the size of angle +. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. Reasoning Sarah sees an aeroplane. She estimates itis flying at a height of 56 000 feet. The angle of elevation to the aeroplane is 49°. What is the horizontal distance between Sarah and the plane? Give your answer correct to 3 sf @ Find the length (to 2 d.p) of AB AC b Work out the perimeter of the triangle. 11 Problem-solving Ina right-angled triangle the shortest side is 4cm and the longest side isB8em, Work out the exact perimeter of the triangle. [J] 12 Problem-solving The length of the diagonal of a square is 10cm. (ey Work out the length of a side of the square. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 0] 13 Problem-solving The diagram shows circle centre O. Angle OBA is 90°. « 5 asen c 2 Work out the radius of the circle. b Work out angle OCB. 154Unit Angles and trigonometry © The angle marked x is called the interior angle. The angle marked y is called the exterior angle. Lo 2+ y= 180° (angles on a straight line add up to 180"). Mastery lesson 5.1 © For any polygon, interior angle + exterior angle = 180°. . Mastery lesson 5.3 © ‘The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior angles at the other two vertices. Mastery lesson 5.4 © Atriangle with sides a, 6 and c, where cis the longest side, is right- angled only if c= 02+ B.... so ceceessseessssteseessesessesieeceseeseeses Mastery lesson 5.4 © Ina right-angled triangle, the side opposite the angle dis called the ‘opposite. The side next to the angle is called the adjacent. . Mastery lesson 5.6 opposite hypotenuse adjacent 155Reflect 156 Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry © The sine of angle 0 is the ratio of the opposite side to the oy hypotenuse, sin ¢= 2PP. yp” © The cosine of angle dis the ratio of the adjacent side to the adj hypotenuse, C05 0=—— ...sscessesseseesssesessetessessnseecseseessenne Mastery lesson 56 ye typ’ y © The tangent of angle is the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side, tan @=2PP. ce adj © You can use sin~t, cos“ or tan~! on your calculator to find an angle when you know its sin, cos oF taM........ © The angle of elevation (¢) is the angle measured upwards from the horizontal. The angle of depression (d) is the angle measured downwards from the horizontal. 7d © The sine, cosine and tangent of some angles may be written exactly... Mostery lesson 5.7 30° 45° 60° ° 90° 1 2 3 sin i 2| 2 |« i 3 vz 1 cos =| #2 1 1 ° tan 2 1 a ° 2 ‘ Notation’ means symbols. Mathematics uses a lot of notations. For example: means is equal to ° meansdegrees — LL_meansa right angle Look back at this unit, Write a list ofall the maths notation used. Why do you think this notation is important? Could you have anwsered the questions in this lession without understanding the maths notation? ++ Mastery lesson 5.6 Mastery lesson 5.6 Mastery lesson 5.7 Mastery lesson 5.6Unit Angles and trigonometry 1 ‘Reasoning ABCDEFGHI is a regular nonagon. @ What is the sum of the interior angles? b Work out the size of angle HI. 2 PQRisaright-angled triangle. R PR=123cm RQ=6.4cm Calculate the length of PQ. GaAcm z-aem. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. 3 Communication ‘ABC and DEF are straight lines. D ACis parallel to DF. BE-CE Work out the value of x. Give reasons for your answer. (ef 4 Communication ABC and DEFG are straight lines. 9, B é AC is parallel to DG. RAY Prove that the angle sum of any triangle is 180°. A 5 Write down the value of a tano° sin 90° cos 0” cos 45° sin 60° pane Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 5 Unit test Log how you did on your Student Progression Chart. (3 marks) (8 marks) (3 marks) (4 marks) (5 marks) 157158 Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry 6 XVZis@ right-angled triangle. z YzZ=5.4m XZ=7.6m 76m chen Calculate the size of the angle marked x. “ Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. Y (3 marks) Reasoning Kari builds a skate ramp with 2 metres of wood. She wants the vertical height of the ramp to be 1 metre. What does the angle of elevation need to be? (marks) Reasoning A ship is sighted from the top of a lighthouse. The angle of depression from the lighthouse to the ship is 45°. The distance from the top of the lighthouse directly to the ship is 4 miles. Calculate the horizontal distance of the ship from the bottom of the lighthouse. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. (3 marks) 9 Problem-solving A rectangular lawn has a diagonal path running across it. The lawn is 10m wide and 15m long. Work out the length of the path. Give your answer in surd form, (8 marks) Sample student answers Which student gives the best answer? Explain. 350m o [es t A ABC is a right-angled triangle BC=3.5em “Angle ABC = 90° and angle BAC = 65° Calculate the length of AC. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. G marks) Student A Student B ‘Student C sin 65" Z sn 65-25 sings = 35. WP YP = 09238 typ=3.5 inst -35. mE ° snes ee 3172077255 386, 35 7 x=B86em AC ao 3.17 cm AC=289em642 Unit § Answers 5.4 Pythagoras’ theorem 1 tao bs os a7 2a $87 birt 30345 b 14K 4 a Bleris she does not round the value before she finds the squere reo b Yes Sagzm 98m — ¢ 80m 6 486m 7 61em@ dp) 8 377 fer osh 9 226 miles G sf) 20 304m B51) 41 332em 12 a No.d?45' a8? bb Yes; 94 12%= 15 Yes, 12 = BF 5.5 Pythagoras’ theorem 2 1 at Zaa-3 bb-B conte 3 18cm 4 2tmadp) 5 298m 6 45cm 7 a 849m st) » 120m 8 a \i2=23em b xt 55cm © 125 -5/5em 9 em 102 T2lem —b 108em —¢ 319m 5.6 Trigonometry 1 1028 b 55° 459,45" 2are2 bax? e e=738 @ re105 Osh) 3. 8 Accurate drawing of triangle ABC with sides correctly lebelted 'b Opposite (AC) «291m; hypotenuse (BC) = 58em ci d205 i x09 ii 2-06 Opposite = cm: hypotenuse = &.1cm ‘opposite |. adjacent opposite iypotenuse ~°* hypotenuse ” °?* adjacent ii Opposite = 46cm: hypotenuse = 92cm opposite adjacent opposite inypotenuse ~ °° hypotenuse ~ "7" acjacent ~ 4006 b10 em 03 © 02 fiz 5 a ze4l7om b x=966cm ¢ 2=188cm 6 Students’ own answers 7 385em Ba 85cm Stem Séem 9 2r7em 10 26m 11 6Tmadp) 5.7 Trigonometry 2 daiz b 10 10 2 283cm 30362 p36 13BP a 53° e3az | f 365° 4 assis bens 320° 5 482° a b vem ws is » 30° 5 Problem-solving 1 ABC = 120°; isosceles triangles 2 25,106 3 Length cm; wid % 90°, 51.32", 38.65 5 Angle E= d0°, Angle F= 160°, Angle G = 120° 5 Check up La ue 28 3 40 bm bs we «2 % ZABE = 90° (angles in a rectangle ae all 90°) 6 Any quadrilateral can be spit nto two triangles by joining one vertex to all the ‘ther vertices. The sum of angles in a triangle is 180° Therefore the sum of the ‘angles in 2 quadillatera s 360°. 1 ZDBC = 62" since it is corresponding to ZEAB. X= 180 @ x 62) = 56° (since angles ina triangle sum to 140" and ZCDB = ZD8C as the triangle is isosceles) 8 a 63cm b 22m 0° (alternate angles are equal) 0 ~ (90 +36) = 54° (angles ina triangle sum 180-54 = 126° angles on a straight ine sum 20 (angles on a straight line sum to 1800); 9 No.6! +3"? and for triangle tobe right angled the square ofthe longest sde must equal the sum of the ‘square of the two shorter sides, 10 Sem La ge3em —b 843m az 21a" 23 567° weal 16 4 by 5 Strengthen ‘Angles and polygons 1a Polygon (Quadrilateral Pentagon Heptagon ‘Number of sides (n) ‘Number of triangles ‘Sum of | interior angles 2 180° = 360° 3 160° =540° an 180° =720° ib Number of tangles =m 2 Sum af interior ange: 1400" 2a bb 350° « 162° in” 2)» 180°sar bse 2 360° ‘terior angle bia ie i 30 5 a Interior angle DCB = 162°, exteror angles «x or DCA br-le 20 6a 720° bh 165" re 8 ZACB= 56° (alternate angles are equal) 208A ~ 180-56 . 62° (angles in a triangle sum to 180° ‘and base angles on an isosceles are equal) = 180 ~ 62 118° (angles ona straight line sum to 180°) 9 a False. Angles on a straight line sum to 180° bb False. Angles ina triangle sum to 180°, «Thue. Angles in tangle sum to 180° as do angles on a suraightine True. Angles on a straight line sum to 160°. Thue. Angles in a langle sum to 180° as do angles on a straight line, wi « Vertically opposite angles are equal Pythagoras’ theorem Laas b PR cn 2 en 88 46% e «100; ¢= G00; 6~ 10cm Bale — b 255m & a 108= 6+ 6%; 100 = 36+ OF; = 100-36: Saizem — b 553m 6 No.1 277416 Tavsem bd 4d Trigonometry a04 “bor 03 ai bar ¢ 403° 25 xtan 36% =3.6em 3 aus 4 5 6 a 105em b O2em a 8 ° dai e197 cos = 2 cos x «Bix =cos jx = 369" 680° Dis angle of elevation is angle of depression. 10a c b 393" loam B tom A Unit 6 Answers n ao [as Cae ese of wo |S a fo wo fb zo 5 Extend 130° 2 Angles in @ pentagon sum to 540° Each angle in a regular pentagon = * 28D = 108° ‘2FCD = 160 108 = 72° (angles on a straight line sum to 180") COF triangle CDF is isosceles) (2CFD = 180° - 2» 72 = 36° (angles ina irlangle sum to 180") 3 28-2042 +5= 24 4350.2 = 80° (the exterior angle of ' triangle is equal tothe sum of the two interior angles at the otter varties) 2Q5R = 2x 435= 135° 2Q5P = 180 ~ 135 = 48° angles on a straight line) 10cm 12202 36%, 72°, 108", 144°, 180° Gsides 325° 48 700 feat 10 2 | AB=1.50cm 11 (3 +12) ne GAC=260em —b Tac az 7Acm Wadten — b 223° 5 Unit test Sample student answers Student C gives the best answer Student A rounded too early and Student BS algebra was incorrect UNIT 6 6 Prior knowledge check e125 bb Students graph of 2x61 eais i bi 931855 ii e140 bi £50 ii 45 minutes 10 (-1,3)andG,11) Be cia til €20 per hour 6.1 Linear graphs 1 ye2e-5 2 3 Any line with gradient = 5 1 Any line ith gradient = 0.5 Any line with gradient = -3 Equation ofline | Gradient yee 2 4 ya2e 2 o ye az a 3 643