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CH-19 Differentiation and The Gradient Function (Answers)

This document contains student answers to exercises in a Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics textbook. The exercises involve calculating derivatives and gradients of functions, finding maximum and minimum values, and identifying stationary points. The answers are provided in a concise format with the question followed by the calculated answer. There are 10 exercises covering topics like differentiation, gradients, maxima and minima, and applying concepts of derivatives to real-world contexts like particle motion.

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305 views10 pages

CH-19 Differentiation and The Gradient Function (Answers)

This document contains student answers to exercises in a Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics textbook. The exercises involve calculating derivatives and gradients of functions, finding maximum and minimum values, and identifying stationary points. The answers are provided in a concise format with the question followed by the calculated answer. There are 10 exercises covering topics like differentiation, gradients, maxima and minima, and applying concepts of derivatives to real-world contexts like particle motion.

Uploaded by

n7jvj59y8d
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cambridge IGCSE™ Mathematics Core and Extended

Student Book answers

All answers were written by the authors. In examination, the way marks would be awarded to answers like these may be
different.

19 Differentiation and the gradient


function

Exercise 19.1 page 222


1 a i 4
ii 6
iii –2
b x 0 1 2
Gradient 0 2 4
c 2x
2 a i 4
ii 8
iii –8
b 4𝑥
3 a i 1
ii 2
iii 3
b 𝑥

Exercise 19.2 page 223


1 a 3𝑥
b 6𝑥

c 2𝑥 2

d 2𝑥

e 3

f 4𝑥 1

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 1


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

2 Function f(x) Gradient function f ′ (x)


x2 2𝑥
2
2x 4𝑥
1 2
x 𝑥
2
x2 + x 2x 1
x3 3𝑥
3x2 6𝑥
x2 + 2x 2𝑥 2
x2 – 2 2𝑥
3x – 3 3
2
2x – x + 1 4𝑥 1
3 Student’s observations (e.g. multiply the coefficient by the power and then reduce the power by
one)

Exercise 19.3 page 224


1 a 4𝑥
b =1

c 6𝑥

d 15𝑥

e 18𝑥

f 56𝑥

2 a 𝑥
b 𝑥

c 𝑥

d 2𝑥

e 𝑥

f 𝑥

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 2


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

Exercise 19.4 page 226


1 a 15𝑥

b 14𝑥

c 24𝑥

d 𝑥

e 4𝑥

f 𝑥

g 0

h 6

i 0

2 a 6𝑥 4
b 15𝑥 4𝑥

c 30𝑥 𝑥

d 18𝑥 6𝑥 1

e 48𝑥 4𝑥

f 𝑥 𝑥 1

g 12𝑥 8𝑥

h 30𝑥 12𝑥 1

i 𝑥 2𝑥

3 a 2𝑥 1
b 4

c 6𝑥 1

d 𝑥

e 6𝑥 3

f 6𝑥 8𝑥

g 2𝑥 10

h 4𝑥 7

i 3𝑥 4𝑥 3

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 3


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

Exercise 19.5 page 228


1 a 6𝑡 1

b 6𝑡 2𝑡

c 15𝑡 2𝑡

2 a 2𝑥 4
b 1 2𝑡

c 3𝑡

d 2 6𝑟

3 a 2𝑡
b 4𝑡

c 2𝑡 𝑡 1

Exercise 19.6 page 229


1 a 12𝑥

b 12𝑥 1

c 10𝑥

d 6

f 0

2 a 6𝑥 6

b 6𝑥 3𝑥

c 2

d 20𝑥

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 4


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

Exercise 19.7 page 230


1 a 6
b –3
c 0
d 0
e and –5
f 6
2 a i
ii 31
iii 72
iv 0
b 10𝑡 𝑡

c i 8

ii 16
iii 6
iv –50
d

e The graph increases during the first 6–7 days, hence the number of infections increases.
When 𝑡 10 the graph is at zero, hence the number of new infections is zero.
f The rate is initially increasing, i.e. the gradient of the graph is increasing. After
approximately 4 days, the rate of increase starts to decrease, i.e. the gradient of the curve is
less steep. After 7 days the gradient is negative, hence the rate of increase is negative too.
4 a i 243 m
ii 2000 m
b 60𝑡 3𝑡

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 5


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

c i 108 m h–1
ii 225 m h–1
iii 0 m h–1
d The gradient of the graph initially is quite low getting to its steepest point after
approximately 10 hours. Hence the answers in part c show the rate of ascent being greater
when 𝑡 5 compared with 𝑡 2. After 20 hours the graph is flat therefore the rate of
ascent is zero.
e The steepest part of the graph occurs when 𝑡 10 hours. Therefore, this represents when
the balloon is climbing at its fastest rate.

Exercise 19.8 page 232


1 a (3, 6)
b (2.5, 19.75)
c (2, 10)
d (0, –1)
e (3, 15)
f (–5, –14)
2 a 1, 4 and 2, 8

b 1, 4 and 3, 9

c 2, 5

d 1, 4 and , 1

3 a 4 10𝑡
b second
c 3 seconds
d 57 m
4 a 20 °C
b 24𝑡 3𝑡
c i 21 °C/min
ii 48 °C/min
iii 0 °C/min
d 𝑡 2 or 6 minutes
e 236 °C

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 6


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

Exercise 19.9 page 234


1 a f 𝑥 2𝑥 3
b 1
c 1
d 𝑦 𝑥 1
2 a 4
b 𝑦 4𝑥 10
3 a –4
b 𝑦 4𝑥 2
4 a –4
b 𝑦 4𝑥 17
c 𝑦 5
5 a y= 2𝑥 2
b 6, 10
c 4, 10
6 a f 𝑥 𝑥 1
b –3
c 2, 8

Exercise 19.10 page 237


1 a i f 𝑥 2𝑥 6
ii 3, 4
b i f 𝑥 2𝑥 12
ii 6, 1
c i f 𝑥 2𝑥 8
ii 4, 3
d i f 𝑥 6
ii No stationary points
2 a i f 𝑥 3𝑥 24𝑥 48
ii 4, 6
b i f 𝑥 3𝑥 12
ii 2, 16 and 2, 16
c i f 𝑥 3𝑥 6𝑥 45
ii 3, 89 and 5, 167
d i f 𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 4
ii 4, 13 and 1, 7

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 7


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

3 a f 𝑥 4 2𝑥
b 2, 5
c a maximum
d (0, 1)
e

4 a f 𝑥 𝑥 8𝑥 12
b 2, 7 and 6, 3

c 2, 7 is a maximum and 6, 3 is a minimum


d (0, –3)
e

5 a f 𝑥 2𝑥 6𝑥 4
b 1, 1 and 2, 1

c 1, 1 is a minimum and 2, 1 is a maximum point


d (0, 0)

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 8


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

6 a f 𝑥 3𝑥 9𝑥 30
b 2, 38 and 5, 133

c 2, 38 is a maximum and 5, 133 is a minimum point


d (0, 4)
e

Student assessment 1 page 237


1 a = 3x2
b = 4x – 1

c = –x + 2

d = 2x2 + 8x – 1
2 a f ′ (x) = 2x + 2

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 9


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 19 Student Book answers

b f ′ (x) = 2x – 1
c f ′ (x) = 2x
d f ′ (x) = x + 1

3 a = 12x2 – 6

b = 40t3 – 6t
4 a f ′ (1) = 2
b f ′ (0) = 1
c f′ 5

5 a 𝑣 10𝑡
b v = 30 m/s
c i 4.2 s
ii 88.2 m

Student assessment 2 page 238


1 a f ( x)  3x 2  2 x
 2 23 
b P  , 
 3 27 
c Q  0, 1
d P is a maximum and Q a minimum
2 a Substituting (1, 1) into the equation gives 1 = 13 – 12 + 1  1 = 1
b 2
c y = 2x – 1
d 𝑦 𝑥
3 a f ( x)  2 x  4
b (2, 3)
4 a f ( x)  4 x3  4 x
b (0 , 0), (1 , –1) and (–1 , –1)
c (0 , 0) is a maximum, (1 , –1) and (–1 , –1) are both minimum points
d i (0 , 0)
ii (0, 0), ( 2 , 0) and (– 2 , 0)
e

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 10


© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018

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