Designation: C94/C94M − 13

Standard Specification for

Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de- 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
fined in 3.2.2. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. Specimens in the Field
In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
these in this specification, the purchaser’s specification shall C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
govern. This specification does not cover the placement, drical Concrete Specimens
consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
delivery to the purchaser. gregates
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Concrete
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
conformance with the standard. C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
crete
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready- Concrete by the Volumetric Method
mixed concrete. C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\

1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes Concrete by the Pressure Method
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered for Concrete
as requirements of the standard. C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety Structural Concrete
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and Concrete
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementi- Structural Lightweight Concrete
tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
skin and tissue upon prolonged use.2) C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1
C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Concrete
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally
3
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C94/C94M–12a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C0094_C0094M-13. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
1
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in 4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
Concrete and Mortars determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for density of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly delivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete The density shall be determined in accordance with Test
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Method C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as the
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for average of at least three measurements, one from each of three
Testing Agency Evaluation different transportation units sampled in accordance with
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Practice C172/C172M.
Cement
NOTE 1—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,
Mixtures over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self- 5. Materials
Consolidating Concrete 5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materials
2.2 ACI Documents:4 specifications, the following materials specifications shall be
211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for used:
Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete 5.2 Cementitious Materials
211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-
5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement—Hydraulic cement shall conform
tural Lightweight Concrete
to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, or
301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete
Specification C1157/C1157M.
305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting
5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials—Coal fly ash
306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting
or natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slag
318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
cement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica
and Commentary
fume shall conform to Specification C1240.
2.3 Other Documents:5
NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology 5.3 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform
Handbook to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con-
form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre-
3. Terminology gates shall conform to Specification C637.
3.1 Definitions: The terms used in this specification are 5.4 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C1602/
defined in Terminology C125. C1602M.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.5 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admixtures
3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete shall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 2).
mixed completely in a stationary mixer. 5.6 Chemical Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall con-
3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, n—concrete manufactured and form to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M
delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state. as applicable (Note 2).
NOTE 2—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,
3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete par-
accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of
tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a dosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
truck mixer. NOTE 3—Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete com- of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete
of different properties.
pletely mixed in a truck mixer.
//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\

6. Ordering Information
4. Basis of Purchase
4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic 6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general
metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation specifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:
unit. 6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see
Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org. (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),
5
NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for 6.1.4 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-
Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specifications
tent of the samples taken at the point of discharge from the
and Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute of
Standards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http://www.nist.gov/pml/ transportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total air
wmd/upload/105-1.pdf. content and tolerances) (Note 4),

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
2
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
TABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteA,B
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, in. [mm]
ConditionC ⁄ [9.5]
38 ⁄ [12.5]
12 3⁄4 [19.0] 1 [25.0] 11⁄2 [37.5] 2 [50.0] 3 [75.0]
Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5
Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5
A
For air-entrained concrete, when specified.
B
Unless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressive
strength, f'c, of 5000 psi [35 MPa] or above.
C
For description of exposure conditions, refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1, Section 6.3.3, with attention to accompanying footnotes.

6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic
for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the
required quality, manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.
6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, the He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that
mass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-dry the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce
mass (Note 5), and concrete of the quality specified.
6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2 6.4 Option B:
in Specification C1602/C1602M. 6.4.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the
6.2 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify the

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is following:
permitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures 6.4.1.1 Cement content in pounds per cubic yard [kilograms
that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements per cubic metre] of concrete,
of the purchaser as ordered. 6.4.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons per
NOTE 4—In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should cubic yard [litres per cubic metre] of concrete, including
consider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected. surface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of
Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the required
resistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of absorption (Note 6), and
air-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown may 6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and
reduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil- dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced
ity. when admixtures are used under this option without the written
NOTE 5—The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is the only
approval of the purchaser.
unit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the
air-dry or oven-dry mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining or 6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,
calculating air-dry and oven-dry masses, are covered by Test Method prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
C567/C567M. to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve
6.3 Option A: analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement and
6.3.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and
assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water
for the concrete mixture (Note 6), the purchaser shall also per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in
specify the following: the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the
6.3.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter- purchaser.
mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the 6.5 Option C:
point of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. 6.5.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to
The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for
compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan- the concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement
dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). content specified (Note 7), the purchaser shall also specify the
Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days. following:
NOTE 6—The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he 6.5.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined on
assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for samples taken from the transportation unit at the point of
workability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi- discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur-
tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms of
Practice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of
proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of tests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory
structures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwise
structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
accuracy for use as a specification basis. 6.5.1.2 Minimum cement content in pounds per cubic yard
6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, [kilograms per cubic metre] of concrete.
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement 6.5.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and
to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced
surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, when admixtures are used.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
3
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
NOTE 7—Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designated Tolerances for Slump Flow
minimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarily
be required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump or slump flow For Slump Flow Tolerance
specified. At the same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to
ensure durability under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory Less than or equal to 22 in. [550 mm] ± 1 1⁄2 in. [40 mm]
More than 22 in [550 mm] ± 2 1⁄2 in. [65 mm]
surface texture and density, in the event specified strength is attained with
it. For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and 7.1.4 The slump tolerances are applicable when water
Standard Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 6. addition in accordance with 12.7 is permitted.
6.5.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, 7.2 Concrete shall be available within the permissible range
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement of slump or slump flow for a period of 30 min starting either on
to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated arrival at the job site or after the initial slump adjustment
surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, permitted in 12.7, whichever is later. The first and last 1⁄4 yd3
type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubic [1⁄4 m3] discharged are exempt from this requirement. If the
yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the user is unprepared for discharge of the concrete from the
manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. vehicle, the producer shall not be responsible for the limitation

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that of minimum slump or slump flow after 30 min have elapsed
the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce starting either on arrival of the vehicle at the prescribed
concrete of the quality specified. Whatever strengths are destination or at the requested delivery time, whichever is later.
attained the quantity of cement used shall not be less than the
minimum specified. 8. Air-Entrained Concrete
6.6 The proportions arrived at by Options A, B, or C for 8.1 When air-entrained concrete is desired the purchaser
each class of concrete and approved for use in a project shall shall specify the total air content of the concrete. See Table 1
be assigned a designation to facilitate identification of each for recommended total air contents (Note 2).
concrete mixture delivered to the project. This is the designa- 8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampled
tion required in 14.1.7 and supplies information on concrete from the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall be
proportions when they are not given separately on each within a tolerance of 6 1.5 of the specified value.

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
delivery ticket as outlined in 14.2. A certified copy of all
8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits
proportions as established in Options A, B, or C shall be on file
of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an air
at the batch plant. content below the specified level by more than the allowable
6.7 The purchaser shall ensure that the manufacturer is tolerance in accordance with 8.2, the manufacturer may use
provided copies of all reports of tests performed on concrete additional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired air
samples taken to determine compliance with specification content level, followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions at
requirements. Reports shall be provided on a timely basis. mixing speed, so long as the revolution limit of 12.7 is not
exceeded (see Note 9).
7. Tolerances in Slump or Slump Flow NOTE 9—Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practice
C172/C172M is not obviated by this provision.
7.1 Unless other tolerances are indicated by the purchaser,
the following shall apply. 9. Measuring Materials
7.1.1 When slump is stated as a “maximum” or “not to
exceed” requirement: 9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cementitious
materials shall be measured by mass. When supplementary
Tolerances for “Maximum” or “Not to Exceed” Slumps
cementitious materials are used in the concrete mixtures, the
For Slump of: Tolerance cumulative mass is permitted to be measured with hydraulic
cement, but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separate
3 in. [75 mm] or less +0 and –11⁄2 [40 mm]
More than 3 in. [75 mm] +0 and –21⁄2 [40 mm] and distinct from those used for other materials. The mass of
the hydraulic cement shall be measured before supplementary
7.1.2 When slump is stated as a target or nominal slump: cementitious materials. When the quantity of cementitious
Tolerances for Target or Nominal Slumps material exceeds 30 % of the full capacity of the scale, the
For Slump of: Tolerance
measured quantity of the hydraulic cement shall be within 6
1 % of the required mass, and the cumulative measured
2 in. [50 mm] and less ±1⁄2 in. [15 mm] quantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious
More than 2 through 4 in. [50 to 100 mm] ±1 in. [25 mm]
More than 4 in. [100 mm] ±11⁄2 in. [40 mm] materials shall also be within 6 1 % of the required cumulative
mass at each intermediate weighing. For smaller batches to a
NOTE 8—This option applies when slump is stated as a target slump or minimum of 1 yd3 [1 m3], the measured quantity of the
nominal slump. For other ways of stating slump, the tolerances should be hydraulic cement and the measured cumulative quantity of
indicated by the purchaser.
hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious materials
7.1.3 When the purchaser states a slump flow requirement used shall be not less than the required amount nor more than
for self-consolidating concrete: 4 % in excess. When the purchaser requires alternate methods

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
4
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
of measuring cementitious materials, measurement methods wash water) shall be measured or weighed to an accuracy of
and reporting shall be stated in the order (see Note 10). 63 % of the specified total amount.
NOTE 10—Cementitious materials in bags may be used when requested 9.4 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be mea-
by the purchaser. sured by mass. Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched by
9.2 Aggregate shall be measured by mass. Batch mass mass or volume. Admixtures measured by either mass or
measurements shall be based on dry materials and shall be the volume, shall be batched with an accuracy of 63 % of the total
required mass of dry materials plus the total mass of moisture amount required or plus or minus the amount or dosage
(both absorbed and surface) contained in the aggregate. required for 100 lb [50 kg] of hydraulic cement, whichever is
9.2.1 For aggregates measured in individual or cumulative greater.
weigh batchers, when the required intermediate or final mass is NOTE 12—Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable of
less than 30 % of the scale capacity the aggregate mass shall be adjustment for variation of dosage, and of simple calibration, are
within 60.3 % of scale capacity or within 63 % of the recommended.
required mass, whichever is less. 10. Batching Plant
9.2.2 When aggregates are measured in an individual weigh 10.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be
batcher and the required mass of aggregate is equal to or provided in the batching plant for fine and for each required
greater than 30 % of the scale capacity, the quantity of size of coarse aggregate. Each bin compartment shall be
aggregate shall be within 62 % of the required mass. When designed and operated so as to discharge efficiently and freely,
aggregates are measured in a cumulative aggregate weigh with minimum segregation, into the weighing hopper. Means
batcher, and the required intermediate and final cumulative of control shall be provided so that, as the quantity desired in
mass of aggregate components is equal to or greater than 30 % the weighing hopper is approached, the material shall be shut
of the scale capacity, the quantity of aggregate at each off with precision. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so as
successive weighing shall be within 61 % of the required to eliminate accumulations of tare materials and to discharge
mass. fully.
NOTE 11—The batching accuracy limit of 0.3 % of scale capacity 10.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near
establishes a reasonable minimum weighing tolerance limit that is
independent of the quantity of material being weighed. It generally
enough to be read accurately by the operator while charging the
governs for smaller batch quantities weighed in weigh batchers (scales). hopper. The operator shall have convenient access to all
controls.
9.3 Mixing water shall consist of water added to the batch,
ice added to the batch, water occurring as surface moisture on 10.3 Scales shall be considered accurate if their accuracy is
the aggregates, and water introduced in the form of admixtures. verified through the normally used capacity in accordance with
The added water shall be measured by weight or volume to an Table 2 and load indicated relative to applied test load is within
accuracy of 1 % of the required total mixing water. Added ice 60.15 % of the total capacity of the scale or 0.4 % of the net
shall be measured by weight. In the case of truck mixers, any applied load, whichever is greater. The minimum quantity and
wash water retained in the drum for use in the next batch of sequence of applied test loads used to verify material scales
concrete shall be accurately measured; if this proves imprac- shall conform to Table 2 and its notes.
tical or impossible the wash water shall be discharged prior to 10.4 All exposed fulcrums, clevises, and similar working
loading the next batch of concrete. Total water (including any parts of scales shall be kept clean. Beam scales shall be

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
TABLE 2 Minimum Field Standard Weights and Test LoadsA
Minimum
(in terms of device capacity)
Device Capacity Minimum Loads for Verification of Scale Accuracy
Field Standard
Test LoadsC
Weights
0 to 2000 kg
100 % 100 %
[0 to 4000 lb]
Field standard weights or test load to used capacity, if greater than minimum
2001 to 20 000 kg Greater ofB specified.
10 % or 500 kg 50 %D
[4001 to 40 000 lb] [1000 lb] Strain-test loadsE are permitted to be used above test load minimums. During initial
verification, a scale shall be tested to full capacity.
A
If the configuration and set up of the scale system prevents access or application of adequate field standard weights or if an unsafe condition is created by the verification
process then the use of the scale above the verified position shall be discontinued until corrective measures have been completed.
B
Field standard weights used in verifying accuracy of weighing devices shall comply with requirements of NIST Handbook 105-1.
C
The term “test load” means the sum of the combination of field standard weights and any other applied load used in the conduct of a test using substitution test methods.
Substitution Test—In the substitution test procedure, material or objects are substituted for field standard weights, or a combination of field standard weights and previously
quantified material or objects, using the scale under test as a comparator. Additional test weights or other known test loads may be added to the known test load to verify
the accuracy of higher weight ranges on the scale.
D
The scale shall be tested from zero to at least 10 % of scale capacity using field standard weights, and then to at least 50 % of scale capacity using a series of substitution
load tests that utilize field standard weights equaling at least 10 % of scale capacity.
E
A strain-load test shall be conducted to verify the accuracy from 50 % of scale capacity to the used capacity of the scale. At least one load test shall be performed in each
quarter of scale capacity. Strain-Load Test—In the strain-load test procedure, an unknown quantity of material or objects are used to establish a reference load or tare to
which field standard weights or substitution test loads are added.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
5
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
 C94/C94M − 13
equipped with a balance indicator sensitive enough to show These two samples shall be obtained within an elapsed time of
movement when a weight equal to 0.1 % of the nominal not more than 15 min. If these slumps differ more than that
capacity of the scale is placed in the batch hopper. Pointer specified in Annex A1, the mixer or agitator shall not be used
travel shall be a minimum of 5 % of the net-rated capacity of unless the condition is corrected, except as provided in 11.5.
the largest weigh beam for underweight and 4 % for over-
NOTE 15—No samples should be taken before 10 % or after 90 % of the
weight. batch has been discharged. Due to the difficulty of determining the actual
10.5 The device for the measurement of the added water quantity of concrete discharged, the intent is to provide samples that are
representative of widely separated portions, but not the beginning and end
shall be capable of delivering to the batch the quantity required of the load.
within the accuracy required in 9.3. The device shall be so
arranged that the measurements will not be affected by variable 11.5 Use of the equipment is permitted when operation with
pressures in the water supply line. Measuring tanks shall be a longer mixing time, a smaller load, or a more efficient
equipped with outside taps and valves to provide for checking charging sequence will permit the requirements of Annex A1 to
their calibration unless other means are provided for readily be met.
and accurately determining the amount of water in the tank. 11.6 Mixers and agitators shall be examined or their mass
NOTE 13—The scale accuracy limitations of the National Ready Mixed determined as frequently as necessary to detect changes in
Concrete Association Plant Certification meet the requirements of this condition due to accumulations of hardened concrete or mortar
specification. and examined to detect wear of blades. When such changes are
extensive enough to affect the mixer performance, the proof-
11. Mixers and Agitators tests described in Annex A1 shall be performed to show
11.1 Mixers will be stationary mixers or truck mixers. whether the correction of deficiencies is required.
Agitators will be truck mixers or truck agitators.
11.1.1 Stationary mixers shall be equipped with a metal 12. Mixing and Delivery
plate or plates on which are plainly marked the mixing speed 12.1 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered to
of the drum or paddles, and the maximum capacity in terms of the point designated by the purchaser by means of one of the
the volume of mixed concrete. When used for the complete following combinations of operations:
mixing of concrete, stationary mixers shall be equipped with an 12.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete.
acceptable timing device that will not permit the batch to be 12.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete.
discharged until the specified mixing time has elapsed. 12.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete.
11.1.2 Each truck mixer or agitator shall have attached
thereto in a prominent place a metal plate or plates on which 12.2 Mixers and agitators shall be operated within the limits
are plainly marked the gross volume of the drum, the capacity of capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufac-
of the drum or container in terms of the volume of mixed turer of the equipment.
concrete, and the minimum and maximum mixing speeds of
//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\

12.3 Central-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is mixed com-

rotation of the drum, blades, or paddles. When the concrete is pletely in a stationary mixer and transported to the point of
truck mixed as described in 12.5, or shrink mixed as described delivery either in a truck agitator, or a truck mixer operating at
in 12.4, the volume of mixed concrete shall not exceed 63 % of agitating speed, or in nonagitating equipment approved by the
the total volume of the drum or container. When the concrete purchaser and meeting the requirements of Section 13, shall
is central mixed as described in 12.3, the volume of concrete in conform to the following: The mixing time shall be counted
the truck mixer or agitator shall not exceed 80 % of the total from the time all the solid materials are in the drum. The batch
volume of the drum or container. Truck mixers and agitators shall be so charged into the mixer that some water will enter in
shall be equipped with means to readily verify the number of advance of the cement and aggregate, and all water shall be in
revolutions of the drum, blades, or paddles. the drum by the end of the first one fourth of the specified
11.2 All stationary and truck mixers shall be capable of mixing time.
combining the ingredients of the concrete within the specified 12.3.1 Where no mixer performance tests are made, the
time or the number of revolutions specified in 12.5, into a acceptable mixing time for mixers having capacities of 1 yd3
thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of discharging the [0.76 m3] or less shall be not less than 1 min. For mixers of
concrete so that not less than five of the six requirements greater capacity, this minimum shall be increased 15 s for each
shown in Table A1.1 shall have been met. cubic yard [cubic metre] or fraction thereof of additional
capacity (See Note 16).
NOTE 14—The sequence or method of charging the mixer will have an
important effect on the uniformity of the concrete. NOTE 16—Stationary mixers of similar design bearing a Performance
Rated plate of the Concrete Plant Manufacturers Bureau have been tested
11.3 The agitator shall be capable of maintaining the mixed for their ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with
concrete in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of Annex A1 for low slump (< 2 in. [50 mm]) and normal slump (4–6 in.
discharging the concrete with a satisfactory degree of unifor- [100–150 mm]) concrete in a mixing time between 30 and 90 sec.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

mity as defined by Annex A1. 12.3.2 Where mixer performance tests have been made on
11.4 Slump tests of individual samples taken after discharge given concrete mixtures in accordance with the testing program
of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load will provide a set forth in the following paragraphs, and the mixers have been
quick check of the probable degree of uniformity (Note 15). charged to their rated capacity, the acceptable mixing time is

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
6
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
permitted to be reduced for those particular circumstances to a operating rate for the mixer being tested, with care being
point at which satisfactory mixing defined in 12.3.3 shall have exercised not to obstruct or retard the discharge by an incom-
been accomplished. When the mixing time is so reduced the pletely opened gate or seal. Separate samples, each consisting
maximum time of mixing shall not exceed this reduced time by of approximately 2 ft3 [0.1 m3 approximately] shall be taken
more than 60 s for air-entrained concrete. after discharge of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load
12.3.3 Sampling for Uniformity Tests of Stationary Mixers— (Note 15). These samples shall be obtained within an elapsed
Samples of concrete for comparative purposes shall be ob- time of not more than 15 min. The samples shall be secured in
tained immediately after arbitrarily designated mixing times, in accordance with Practice C172/C172M, but shall be kept
accordance with one of the following procedures: separate to represent specific points in the batch rather than
12.3.3.1 Alternative Procedure 1—The mixer shall be combined to form a composite sample. Between samples,
stopped, and the required samples removed by any suitable where necessary to maintain slump, the mixer shall be turned
means from the concrete at approximately equal distances from in mixing direction at agitating speed. During sampling the
the front and back of the drum, or receptacle shall receive the full discharge of the chute. Suffi-
12.3.3.2 Alternative Procedure 2—As the mixer is being cient personnel must be available to perform the required tests
emptied, individual samples shall be taken after discharge of promptly. Segregation during sampling and handling must be
approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load. The method of avoided. Each sample shall be remixed the minimum amount
sampling shall provide that the samples are representative of to ensure uniformity before specimens are molded for a
widely separated portions, but not from the very ends of the particular test.
batch (Note 15). 12.6 When a truck mixer or truck agitator is used for
12.3.3.3 The samples of concrete shall be tested in accor- transporting concrete that has been completely mixed in a
dance with Section 18, and differences in test results for the stationary mixer, any turning during transportation shall be at
two samples shall not exceed those given in Annex A1. Mixer the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment as
performance tests shall be repeated whenever the appearance agitating speed.
of the concrete or the coarse aggregate content of samples 12.7 For truck mixers satisfying the requirements of 12.5
selected as outlined in this section indicates that adequate for mixing concrete, no water from the truck water system or
mixing has not been accomplished. elsewhere shall be added after the initial introduction of mixing
water for the batch except when on arrival at the job site the
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

12.4 Shrink-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is first partially

mixed in a stationary mixer, and then mixed completely in a slump or slump flow of the concrete is less than that specified,
truck mixer, shall conform to the following: The time of partial and except as permitted separately in 12.8. If the desired slump
mixing shall be minimum required to intermingle the ingredi- or slump flow is less than specified, and unless otherwise
ents. After transfer to a truck mixer the amount of mixing at the stated, obtain the desired slump or slump flow within the
designated mixing speed will be that necessary to meet the tolerances stated in 7.1.1, 7.1.2, or 7.1.3 with a one-time
requirements for uniformity of concrete as indicated in Annex addition of water. Do not exceed the maximum water content
A1. Tests to confirm such performance shall be made in for the batch as established by the designed mixture proportion.
accordance with 12.3.3 and 12.3.3.3. Additional turning of the A one-time addition of water is not prohibited from being
mixer, if any, shall be at a designated agitating speed. several distinct additions of water provided that no concrete
has been discharged except for slump or slump flow testing. All
12.5 Truck-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is completely water additions shall be completed within 15 min from the start
mixed in a truck mixer, 70 to 100 revolutions at the mixing of the first water addition. Such additional water shall be
speed designated by the manufacturer to produce the unifor- injected into the mixer under such pressure and direction of
mity of concrete indicated in Annex A1 (see Note 17). flow to allow for proper distribution within the mixer. The
Concrete uniformity tests shall be made in accordance with drum shall be turned an additional 30 revolutions, or more if
12.5.1 and if requirements for uniformity of concrete indicated necessary, at mixing speed to ensure that a homogenous
in Annex A1 are not met with 100 revolutions of mixing, after mixture is attained. Water shall not be added to the batch at any
all ingredients including water, are in the drum, that mixer shall later time. Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within
not be used until the condition is corrected, except as provided 11⁄2 h, or before the drum has revolved 300 revolutions,
in 11.5. When satisfactory performance is found in one truck whichever comes first, after the introduction of the mixing
mixer, the performance of mixers of substantially the same water to the cement and aggregates or the introduction of the
design and condition of blades are permitted to be regarded as cement to the aggregates. These limitations are permitted to be
satisfactory. Additional revolutions of the mixer beyond the waived by the purchaser if the concrete is of such slump or
number found to produce the required uniformity of concrete slump flow after the 11⁄2-h time or 300-revolution limit has
shall be at a designated agitating speed. been reached that it can be placed, without the addition of
NOTE 17—Truck mixers of similar design bearing a Performance Rated
water, to the batch. In hot weather, or under conditions
plate of the Truck Mixer Manufacturers Bureau have been tested for their contributing to quick stiffening of the concrete, a time less than
ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with Annex 11⁄2 h is permitted to be specified by the purchaser.
A1.
12.8 For truck mixers with automated water measurement
12.5.1 Sampling for Uniformity of Concrete Produced in and slump or slump flow monitoring equipment defined in
Truck Mixers—The concrete shall be discharged at the normal 12.8.1 and if permitted by the purchaser, water may be added

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
7
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
 C94/C94M − 13
during transportation to the job site. Such additional water shall permit control of the discharge of the concrete. Covers shall be
be injected into the mixer under such pressure and direction of provided for protection against the weather when required by
flow to allow for proper distribution within the mixer. The the purchaser.
water content of the batch shall not exceed that established by 13.3 The concrete shall be delivered to the site of the work
the designed mixture proportions. If water is added, the mixer in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and discharged with
shall be rotated for an additional 30 drum revolutions, or more a satisfactory degree of uniformity as prescribed in Annex A1.
if necessary, at mixing speed to ensure a homogeneous mix is
attained. Said mixing shall take place after the last water 13.4 Slump tests of individual samples taken after discharge
addition but before the start of discharge. The acceptance or of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load will provide for a
rejection of concrete based on slump or slump flow shall be quick check of the probable degree of uniformity (Note 15).
according to Section 17 of this specification. These two samples shall be obtained within an elapsed time of
12.8.1 The automated slump or slump flow monitoring not more than 15 min. If these slumps differ more than that
equipment shall be capable of obtaining one or more physical specified in Table A1.1, the nonagitating equipment shall not
measurements on the truck mixer related to concrete slump or be used unless the conditions are corrected as provided in 13.5.
slump flow and providing an indication of slump or slump flow 13.5 If the requirements of Annex A1 are not met when the
based on pre-established correlations. The slump or slump flow nonagitating equipment is operated for the maximum time of
measurement equipment shall report in terms of slump or haul, and with the concrete mixed the minimum time, the
slump flow. The device for the measurement of water added to equipment shall only be used when operated using shorter
the truck mixer shall be accurate to 63 % of the amount added hauls, or longer mixing times, or combinations thereof that will
with said device. Upon request by the purchaser, the manufac- result in the requirements of Annex A1 being met.
turer shall submit data no older than 6 months substantiating
the accuracy of the device for the measurement of water added. 14. Batch Ticket Information
The equipment shall have controls to prevent discharge of
water at pre-set limits to avoid exceeding the maximum water 14.1 The manufacturer of the concrete shall furnish to the
content for the batch as established by the designed mixture purchaser with each batch of concrete before unloading at the
proportions. site, a delivery ticket on which is printed, stamped, or written,
information concerning said concrete as follows:
12.9 Concrete delivered in cold weather shall have the 14.1.1 Name of ready-mix company and batch plant, or
applicable minimum temperature indicated in the following batch plant number,
table. (The purchaser shall inform the producer as to the type 14.1.2 Serial number of ticket,

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
of construction for which the concrete is intended.) 14.1.3 Date,
Minimum Concrete Temperature as Placed 14.1.4 Truck number,
Section Size, in. [mm] Temperature, min, °F [°C] 14.1.5 Name of purchaser,
14.1.6 Specific designation of job (name and location),
<12 [<300] 55 [13]
12–36 [300–900] 50 [10]
14.1.7 Specific class or designation of the concrete in
36–72 [900–1800] 45 [7] conformance with that employed in job specifications,
>72 [>1800] 40 [5] 14.1.8 Amount of concrete in cubic yards (or cubic metres),
The maximum temperature of concrete produced with 14.1.9 Time loaded or of first mixing of cement and
heated aggregates, heated water, or both, shall at no time aggregates, and
during its production or transportation exceed 90 °F [32 °C]. 14.1.10 Amount of water added by purchaser of the con-
NOTE 18—When hot water is used rapid stiffening may occur if hot crete or the purchaser’s designated representative and his
water is brought in direct contact with the cement. Additional information initials.
on cold weather concreting is contained in ACI 306R. 14.1.11 For trucks equipped with automated water measure-
12.10 The producer shall deliver the ready mixed concrete ment and slump or slump flow monitoring equipment as
during hot weather at concrete temperatures as low as defined in 12.8.1, the total amount of water added by said
practicable, subject to the approval of the purchaser. equipment.
NOTE 19—In some situations difficulty may be encountered when 14.2 Additional information for certification purposes as
concrete temperatures approach 90 °F [32 °C]. Additional information designated by the purchaser and required by the job specifica-
may be found in ACI 305R. tions shall be furnished when requested; such information as:
14.2.1 Reading of revolution counter at the first addition of
13. Use of Nonagitating Equipment water,
13.1 When the use of non-agitating transportation equip- 14.2.2 Type, brand, and amount of cement,
ment is approved by the purchaser, the concrete shall be 14.2.3 Class, brand, and amount of coal fly ash, or raw or
manufactured in a central mix plant. The proportions of the calcined natural pozzolans,
concrete shall be approved by the purchaser and the following 14.2.4 Grade, brand, and amount of slag cement,
limitations shall apply: 14.2.5 Type, brand, and amount of silica fume,
13.2 Bodies of nonagitating equipment shall be smooth, 14.2.6 Type, brand, and amount of admixtures
watertight, metal containers equipped with gates that will 14.2.7 Type, brand, and amount of fiber reinforcement,

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
8
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
 C94/C94M − 13
14.2.8 Source and amount of each metered or weighed 17.2 Tests of concrete required to determine compliance
water, with this specification shall be made by a certified technician in
14.2.9 Information necessary to calculate the total mixing accordance with Practice C1077.
water. Total mixing water includes free water on aggregates, 17.3 Samples of concrete shall be obtained in accordance
batch water (metered or weighed) including ice batched at the with Practice C172/C172M, except when taken to determine
plant, wash water retained in the mixing drum, and water added uniformity of slump within any one batch or load of concrete
by the truck operator from the mixer tank, (11.4, 12.3.3, 12.5.1, and 13.4).
14.2.10 Maximum size of aggregate,
14.2.11 Mass (amount) of fine and coarse aggregate, 17.4 Slump or slump flow, air-content, density, and tem-
14.2.12 Ingredients certified as being previously approved, perature tests shall be made at the time of discharge at the
and option of the inspector as often as is necessary for control
14.2.13 Signature or initials of producer’s representative. checks. In addition, these tests shall be made when specified
and always when strength specimens are made.
15. Plant Inspection 17.5 Strength tests as well as slump or slump flow,
15.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reason- temperature, density, and air content tests shall generally be
able access, without charge, for making necessary checks of made
3
with a frequency of not less than one test for each 150
the production facilities and for securing necessary samples to yd (115 m3). Each test shall be made from a separate batch. On
determine if the concrete is being produced in accordance with each day concrete is delivered, at least one strength test shall be
this specification. All tests and inspection shall be so conducted made for each class of concrete.
as not to interfere unnecessarily with the manufacture and 17.6 If preliminary checks of slump, slump flow, or air
delivery of concrete. content are made, a single sample shall be taken after the
discharge of not less than 1⁄4 yd3 or 1⁄4 m3. All other require-
16. Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting ments of Practice C172/C172M shall be retained. If the
16.1 Test ready-mixed concrete in accordance with the preliminary measurement of slump (12.7) or air content (8.3)
following methods: falls outside the specified limits, address as indicated in section
16.1.1 Compression Test Specimens—Practice C31/C31M, 17.6.1 or 17.6.2 as appropriate.
using standard moist curing in accordance with the applicable 17.6.1 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content,
provisions of Practice C31/C31M. or both is greater than the specified upper limit, a check test
16.1.2 Compression Tests—Test Method C39/C39M. shall be made immediately on a new test sample. In the event
16.1.3 Yield, Mass per Cubic Foot—Test Method C138/ the check test fails, the concrete shall be considered to have
C138M. failed the requirements of the specification.
16.1.4 Air Content—Test Method C138/C138M; Test 17.6.2 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content,
Method C173/C173M or Test Method C231/C231M. or both is less than the lower limit, permit adjustments in
16.1.5 Slump—Test Method C143/C143M. accordance with 12.7 or 8.3 or both, as appropriate, and obtain
16.1.6 Slump Flow—Test Method C1611/C1611M. a new sample. If the sample of the adjusted concrete fails, a
16.1.7 Sampling Fresh Concrete—Practice C172/C172M. check test shall be made immediately on a new sample of the
16.1.8 Temperature—Test Method C1064/C1064M. adjusted concrete. In the event the check test fails, the concrete
16.2 The testing laboratory performing acceptance tests of shall be considered to have failed the requirements of the
concrete shall meet the requirements of Practice C1077. specification.

16.3 Laboratory reports of concrete test results used to 18. Strength

determine compliance with this specification shall include a 18.1 When strength is used as a basis for acceptance of
statement that all tests performed by the laboratory or its agents concrete, standard specimens shall be made in accordance to
were in accordance with the applicable test methods or shall Practice C31/C31M. The specimens shall be cured under
note all known deviations from the prescribed procedures standard moisture and temperature conditions in accordance
(Note 20). The reports shall also list any part of the test with the applicable provisions of Practice C31/C31M. The
methods not performed by the laboratory. technician performing the strength test shall be certified as an
NOTE 20—Deviation from standard test methods may adversely affect ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Labora-
test results. tory Testing Technician—Grade II or by an equivalent written
NOTE 21—Deviation from standard moisture and temperature curing and performance test program covering the relevant test
conditions is often a reason for low strength test results. Such deviations
may invalidate the use of such test results as a basis for rejection of the
methods. If acceptance is based upon compressive strength test
concrete. results, the certification requirement is satisfied by certification
as an ACI Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade I or
17. Sampling and Testing Fresh Concrete by an equivalent written and performance test program.
17.1 The contractor shall afford the inspector all reasonable 18.2 For a strength test, at least two standard test specimens
access and assistance, without charge, for the procurement of shall be made from a composite sample secured as required in
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

samples of fresh concrete at time of placement to determine Section 17. A test shall be the average of the strengths of the
conformance of it to this specification. specimens tested at the age specified in 6.3.1.1 or 6.5.1.1 (Note

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
9
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
 C94/C94M − 13
22). If a specimen shows definite evidence other than low value can be estimated from prior data as explained in ACI 318 and
strength, of improper sampling, molding, handling, curing, or ACI 301. Pertinent data are given in Appendix X1.
testing, it shall be discarded and the strength of the remaining 18.4.3 When the specified strength is greater than 5000 psi
cylinder shall then be considered the test result. [35 MPa], no individual strength test (average of two cylinder
NOTE 22—Additional tests may be made at other ages to obtain
tests) shall be less than 0.90 f 'c.
information for determining form removal time or when a structure may
be put in service. Specimens for such tests are cured according to the 19. Failure to Meet Strength Requirements
section on Field Curing in Practice C31/C31M. 19.1 In the event that concrete tested in accordance with the
18.3 The representative of the purchaser shall ascertain and requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength require-
record the delivery-ticket number for the concrete and the exact ments of this specification, the manufacturer of the ready-
location in the work at which each load represented by a mixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine
strength test is deposited. whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment, if
18.4 To conform to the requirements of this specification, any, shall be made. If an agreement on a mutually satisfactory
strength tests representing each class of concrete must meet the adjustment cannot be reached by the manufacturer and the
following two requirements (Note 23): purchaser, a decision shall be made by a panel of three
18.4.1 The average of any three consecutive strength tests qualified engineers, one of whom shall be designated by the
shall be equal to, or greater than, the specified strength, f 'c, and purchaser, one by the manufacturer, and the third chosen by
18.4.2 When the specified strength is 5000 psi [35 MPa] or these two members of the panel. The question of responsibility
less, no individual strength test (average of two cylinder tests) for the cost of such arbitration shall be determined by the
shall be more than 500 psi [3.5 MPa] below the specified panel. Its decision shall be binding, except as modified by a
strength, f 'c. court decision.

NOTE 23—Due to variations in materials, operations, and testing, the 20. Keywords
average strength necessary to meet these requirements will be substan-
tially higher than the specified strength. The amount higher depends upon 20.1 accuracy; blended hydraulic cement; certification;
the standard deviation of the test results and the accuracy with which that ready-mixed concrete; scales; testing

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. CONCRETE UNIFORMITY REQUIREMENTS

A1.1 The variation within a batch as provided in Table A1.1 conforming to the limits of five of the six tests listed in Table
shall be determined for each property listed as the difference A1.1 shall indicate uniform concrete within the limits of this
between the highest value and the lowest value obtained from specification.
the different portions of the same batch. For this specification
the comparison will be between two samples, representing the A1.2 Coarse Aggregate Content, using the washout test,
first and last portions of the batch being tested. Test results shall be computed from the following relations:

TABLE A1.1 Requirements for Uniformity of Concrete

Requirement, Expressed as
Maximum Permissible Difference in
Test Results of Tests of Samples
Taken from Two Locations
in the Concrete Batch
Mass per cubic foot [mass per cubic meter] calculated to an air-free basis, lb/ft3 [kg/m3] 1.0 [16]
Air content, volume % of concrete 1.0
Slump:
If average slump is 4 in. [100 mm] or less, in. [mm] 1.0 [25]
If average slump is 4 to 6 in. [100 to 150 mm], in. [mm] 1.5 [40]
Coarse aggregate content, portion by mass of each sample retained on No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve, % 6.0
Mass per unit volume of air-free mortar based on average for all comparative samples tested, %. 1.6
Average compressive strength at 7 days for each sample,A based on average strength of all comparative test specimens, % 7.5B
A
Not less than 3 cylinders will be molded and tested from each of the samples.
B
Approval of the mixer shall be tentative, pending results of the 7-day compressive strength tests.

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
10
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
P 5 ~ c/b ! 3 100 (A1.1) b2c
M5 (A1.3)
where:
P = mass % of coarse aggregate in concrete,
V2 S
V 3A c
100
1
G D
c = saturated-surface-dry mass in lb [kg] of aggregate where:
retained on the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve, resulting from M = mass per unit volume of air-free mortar, lb/ft3 [kg/m3],
washing all material finer than this sieve from the fresh
concrete, and b = mass of concrete sample in mass container, lb [kg],

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
b = mass of sample of fresh concrete in mass per unit c = saturated-surface-dry mass of aggregate retained on
volume container, lb [kg]. No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve, lb [kg],
V = volume of mass per unit volume container, ft3 [m3],
A1.3 Mass per Unit Volume of Air Free Mortar shall be A = air content of concrete, %, measured in accordance
calculated as follows: with 16.1.4 on the sample being tested, and
Inch-pound units: G = density of coarse aggregate (SSD).
b2c
M5 (A1.2)
V2
100 S
V 3A c
1
G D
SI units:

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. Calculation of the Average Compressive Strength (f 'cr), Necessary to Meet the Strength Requirements of Sections 18.4.1, 18.4.2,
and 18.4.3

X1.1 Section 18.4 of this specification contains the same for the minimum strength of an individual strength test result as
strength requirements as those contained in ACI 318 and required in 18.4.2 and 18.4.3 are (Eq. X1.2) and ( Eq. X1.3) in
ACI 301, except it does not require the submittal of the data Table X1.1. Since the average strength, f 'cr, must be high
and calculation of the average strength, f 'cr necessary to meet enough to conform to both averages of three consecutive tests
those ACI Code and Specifications. This Appendix does not and the requirements on minimum strength of a test, the one
include all of the detailed requirements of the ACI Code and which requires highest average strength (f 'cr) governs.
Specification that will govern a submittal for their respective
purposes. The following material is intended to guide users of X1.1.2 The first step in the process of calculating the
this specification when no formal submittal is required. over-design above f 'c or the required average strength is to
determine if a record of 30 consecutive tests is available for the
X1.1.1 Table X1.1 provides the statistical formulas that can
proposed mixture or similar mixture with a design strength
be used to calculate the required average strength f 'cr when
historical statistical data are available. The formula to achieve within 1000 psi [6.6 MPa] of the specified compressive
a satisfactory average of three consecutive strength tests as strength proposed for use. If it is a new mixture or strength
required in 18.4.1 is (Eq. X1.1) of Table X1.1. The formulas level and no standard deviation data is available then Table

TABLE X1.1 Required Average Compressive Strength when Data are Available to Establish a Standard Deviation
Inch-pound System SI System
Specified Strength Required Average Strength Specified Strength Required Average Strength
f 'c, psi f 'cr, psi f 'c, MPa f 'cr, MPa

f 'c equal to Use the larger from f 'c equal to Use the larger from
or less than 5000 Eq X1.1 and X1.2 or less than 35 Eq X1.1 and X1.2m
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1) f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 500 (X1.2) f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 3.45 (X1.2m)

greater than 5000 Use the larger from greater than 35 Use the larger from
Eq X1.1 and X1.3 Eq X1.1 and X1.3
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1) f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
f 'cr = 0.90f 'c + 2.33s (X1.3) f 'cr = 0.90f 'c + 2.33s (X1.3)

where:
f 'c = the specified compressive strength
f 'cr = the required average compressive strength
s = the standard deviation

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
11
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
X1.2 provides default levels of over-design equal to 1000, deviations and specified strength levels. Because of the large
1200 or (1.10f 'c +700) psi. ranges of strength and standard deviations, the gray shaded
X1.1.3 Table X1.3 provides calculated values of over- areas are considered unusual or not likely to be encountered.
design and required average strength for selected standard

TABLE X1.2 Required Average Compressive Strength When Data Are Not Available to Establish a Standard Deviation
Inch-pound System SI System
Specified Strengthf 'c , psi Required Average Strength f 'cr, psi Specified Strengthf 'c , MPa Required Average Strength f 'cr, MPa
//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\

Less than 3000 f 'c + 1000 Less than 21 f 'c + 7.0

3000 to 5000 f 'c + 1200 21 to 35 f 'c + 8.5

greater than 5000 1.10f 'c + 700 greater than 35 1.10f 'c + 5.0

where:
f 'c = the specified compressive strength
f 'cr = the required average compressive strength
s = the standard deviation

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
12
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
TABLE X1.3 Overdesign Necessary to Conform to Specified Compressive Strength

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C94/C94M–12a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 1, 2013)

(1) Section 12.7 was modified. (2) Added Sections 12.8, 12.8.1, 14.1.11.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C94/C94M–12, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2012)

(1) Revised 10.3 and 10.4 including the addition of Table 2 to (2) Added reference to NIST Handbook 105-1 on field standard
describe the verification process for scales for weighing weights in Table 2 and Referenced Documents.
materials.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C94/C94M–11b, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 1, 2012)

(1) Revised 6.4.1.1, 6.5.1.2, 9.1, and Note 10. (3) Added new Note 11 and renumbered subsequent notes.
(2) Revised 9.2.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C94/C94M–11a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved August 1, 2011)

(1) Revised 14.1.10.

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C94/C94M–11, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 15, 2011)

(1) Deleted text in 14.2.8.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
13
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C94/C94M − 13
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).

//^:^^#^~^^"~@:^"^:*^@$~"#:*~"~*":"~~*~::^~:^*#^^""$"\\
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
14
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale