———_funott_| 2a3 the effects of sof India, ul Nows, assessment of environment; jue measures that can be adopted to tesse st the 8 Liye briefly the surface w $i ese droughts in (er resource: ‘ ily explain the concept of environment, Sy Brielly &% 5 C a aeeribe Tennant’s method of y n section, ‘region Al flows of a stream ata chosen pROBLEMS Lontem observations ta sreamow- measuring sation si mountai Nou area gives a mean annual diseh n . the annual rainfall over the catchment ai thea the divide of the catchment: at the outlet of 4 catchment arge of 65 m’; m/s. An isohyetal m: ‘areas closed by isohye the following sand La} 140-135 135-130, 130-125 125-120 Calculate (a) the mean annual depth (b) the runoff coefficient, of rainfall over the catchment, Monthly eC a By PKCD) CAO) SS ett (Mm?) ES Month esponding annual sal rainfall and the corresponding A on for this ing table shows the observed 1 Tall runolf correlation equation f Tunoff for small catchment. Develop the rainfal54 Flow measurement of river Netravati at Bantwal (catchment area 3.4 Flow measurement of river} 3.5. The mean monthly rainfall and temperature 6 ficient, What annual runoty ¢,, eal th m? an by eae | rainfall of 100 em a from this catchment for an annul 2 correlation coe! 5 Annual Rafal (em) 00) | Annual Runoff (em) Annual Rainfall em) 147.6 | Anoual Runoff (cm) 64.7 the following annual flow volumes: ree Erica flow (Mm°) 1970-71 15925 1980-81 | 1971-72 14813 1981-82 | 1972-73 11726 1982-83 | 1973-74 11818 1983-84 | 19747) 12617 1984-85 | 1973-76 15704 1985-86 | 1976-77 8334 1986-87 om | 1977-78 12864 | 1978-79 16195 | 1979-80. 10392 The withdrawal upstream of the gauging station [for meeting irri: and industrial needs are 91 Mm’ in 1970-71 and is found to inc of 2 Mm'/year. The annual evaporation loses from water bodies on the river can be assumed to be 4 Mm’, Estimate the 75% dependable yield at Bantwal. If the catchmen area at the mouth of the river is 3222 km*, estimate the average yield for the whole basin. . ation, drinking se linearly ata Of a catchment near Bangalore are lume and the corresponding runotf coefficient) below. Estimate the annual runoff vol using Khosla’s runoff formula, 45107 71 at {mm the imation tank has a catchment of 900 ha, Estimate. by usine Strange’s 9 the monthly and total runofl volumes into the tank doe ae sone valueseT iso oy y Nowe lentil pre jauutiranitly mow flack cot salt, the , peated aS OS. LAD TE Une fotaT AHHMtATL A Ne prast their days is 8 inant nate Me ant votumme dite tes SO any at esintall day AY vootannre AE tthe raMAtaTl AAV the past tive days wore WL ON gy We AteMANCUT WHAT the Latta ange Lana aise: SST Ce) SEO D(%) AS x0 4S 18 6 4 wo | ° 6 iommeell hed has pred xi has pred ignate the ranod? Volume due | Ney consceMtive days of AEATL As follows aunily black cotton soil and ity CX value is estimated a be assumed to be Type U1. off volume due to a natintall of 1S ent ina day on a SSO ha watershed ical soit groups are SO puted in the Watershed. The land use is 584% cultivated with good-quality bunding ssume antecedent moisture condition of Type UWL and use standard of group Cand SO% of group D, randomly waste land. ¢ CN equations. area OS ha has a CN yy value of 77, Estimate the runoff volume as below watershed having an SLA Rainfall (mm) 30 Assume the AMC at Day 1 to be of Type TIL Use standard SCS-CN equations. A watershed has the following land use: (2) 400 ha of row crop with poor hydrologic condi (0) 100 ha of good pasture land soil is of hydrologic soil group B. Estimate the runoff volume tor the watershed tnder antecedent moisture category HT when 2 days of consecutive taintall of 100 mm 4%) mm occur. Use standard SCS-CN equations. 8) Compute the runoff trom a 2000 ha watershed due t 15 em rainfall ina day, The Watershed has 35% group B soil, 40% group C soil and 25° group D soil, The is SO% residential that is 6S% impervious and 207 paved roads, Assume AMC Il conditions. Dit ion uy the land Were pasture Land in poor condition prior to the development, what wou! > s percentage Tuld have been the runoff volume under the same rainfall? What is the pereenb ine Se in runoff volume due to urbanisation? [Note: tre Note: Use standard SCS-CN equations ]pr itches gecrmgunts Monthty Bo SS Rd) G2 33.64 3 ee hele Month | Jam Fed | Mar Ape Mia Dom | Dally Aver Set Oat NOT|237 fou | rn an TE pu) (CT i "4 Year) | eer 20 June i june | | 60 July ity 40 \ 200 August Ho \ august | septebt 300 September 180 | achet 150 October #0 | ‘ 7 | | wovember 125 | November 50 | | pecemmber 100 December 80 sanaiy 80 | January 70 ebruty 50 February 45 aah 40 March 45 pei 30 April 35 Ap 25 May 30 solve Problem 5.18 using Sequent Pe Ea) An unregulated stream provides the foll Algorithm method. lowing volumes through each successive jhday period over a 40-day duration at a possible reservoir site, What would be the reservoir capacity needed to ensure ui days, if the reservoir is full to start with? What is the average flo ihe approximate quantity of water wasted in spillage in this case? maintaining the average flow over these ww’? What would be Runoff volume | (Mm) 422 Areservoir is located in a region where the normal annual precipitat the normal annual US class A pan evaporation is 200 cm. The water surface is 75 km”. If under conditions of 3 by the reservoir runoff into th 3.5123) 2214) 64 12.4 10.9 ion is 160 cm and verage area of reservoir 5% of the rainfall on the land occupied ¢ stream, estimate the net annual increase or decrease in the stream flow as result of the reservoir. Assume evaporation pan coefficient 523 Mean monthly flows of a river downstream of desired to keep the downstream ecosystem of the river in fair habitat condit .70. ‘a proposed reservoir are given. It is ion after the construction of the reservoir. Using Tennant’s method, estimate the environmental lows required in the river to keep the desired ecological condition. [Mean monthly ow ((Mm')Chapter 5 7 §.1 (aj)l2tem (b) 62.7% §.2 R= 0.4828 P - 0.2535; 5.06 Mm* §.3 R= 0.6163 P~ 21.513; 40,12 cm S.4 10143 Mm*; 12842 Mm‘ 5.5 0.144 5.6 Month eo July =| August September October Monthly Yield (m') 41580 430290 177120 110 | ‘Toual veasonal yield Mim’) | §.7 (a) 59550 m' (b) 180800 m* 5.8 CN, = 51.4, CNy = 70.7, CNjy = 85.0 5.9 346080 m' §.10 620500 m' 5.11 90984 m’ §.12 140.15 mm §.13 (a) 122.4 mm, (b) 105.2 mm, 16% 5.14 Q,.= l4m/s §.15 9545 cumec.day $.16 (a) 5700 cumec.day; (b) 82 m/s §.17 365 Mm’ 5.18 389.12 Mm’ §.19 2280 cumec.day 5.20 389.12 Mm' S.21 16.74 Mm‘: 14 Mm‘/day; Nil §.22 27 Mm less water §.23 Month Tun. T Jal Aug | Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb) Mar Apr Ma EFR 10.5 105 128 10.5 3.5 3.5 35 3.5 35 35 105 1 ins)