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Solution 2

The document contains solutions to problems involving phasor representations of sinusoidal functions. (a) Calculates the phasor of 9cos(ωt - π/3) as 9e-jπ/3 V. (b) Calculates the phasor of 12sin(ωt + π/4) as 12e-jπ/4 V. (c) Calculates the phasor of 5e-3xsin(ωt + π/6) as 5e-3xe-jπ/3 A.

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Nishita Karda
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77 views4 pages

Solution 2

The document contains solutions to problems involving phasor representations of sinusoidal functions. (a) Calculates the phasor of 9cos(ωt - π/3) as 9e-jπ/3 V. (b) Calculates the phasor of 12sin(ωt + π/4) as 12e-jπ/4 V. (c) Calculates the phasor of 5e-3xsin(ωt + π/6) as 5e-3xe-jπ/3 A.

Uploaded by

Nishita Karda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 2.

1 A transmission line of length l connects a load to a sinusoidal voltage


source with an oscillation frequency f . Assuming the velocity of wave propagation
on the line is c, for which of the following situations is it reasonable to ignore the
presence of the transmission line in the solution of the circuit:
(a) l = 20 cm, f = 20 kHz,
(b) l = 50 km, f = 60 Hz,
(c) l = 20 cm, f = 600 MHz,
(d) l = 1 mm, f = 100 GHz.
Solution: A transmission line is negligible when l/λ ≤ 0.01.
l lf (20 × 10−2 m) × (20 × 103 Hz)
(a) = = = 1.33 × 10−5 (negligible).
λ up 3 × 108 m/s
l lf (50 × 103 m) × (60 × 100 Hz)
(b) = = = 0.01 (borderline).
λ up 3 × 108 m/s
l lf (20 × 10−2 m) × (600 × 106 Hz)
(c) = = = 0.40 (nonnegligible).
λ up 3 × 108 m/s
l lf (1 × 10−3 m) × (100 × 109 Hz)
(d) = = = 0.33 (nonnegligible).
λ up 3 × 108 m/s
Problem 2.2 A two-wire copper transmission line is embedded in a dielectric
material with εr = 2.6 and σ = 2 × 10−6 S/m. Its wires are separated by 3 cm and
their radii are 1 mm each.
(a) Calculate the line parameters R′ , L′ , G′ , and C′ at 2 GHz.
(b) Compare your results with those based on CD Module 2.1. Include a printout
of the screen display.
Solution:
(a) Given:
f = 2 × 109 Hz,
d = 2 × 10−3 m,
D = 3 × 10−2 m,
σc = 5.8 × 107 S/m (copper),
εr = 2.6,
σ = 2 × 10−6 S/m,
µ = µc = µ0 .
From Table 2-1:
p
Rs = π f µc /σc
= [π × 2 × 109 × 4π × 10−7 /5.8 × 107 ]1/2
= 1.17 × 10−2 Ω,
2Rs 2 × 1.17 × 10−2
R′ = = = 3.71 Ω/m,
πd · 2π × 10−3 ¸
q
′ µ 2
L = ln (D/d) + (D/d) − 1
π
= 1.36 × 10−6 H/m,
πσ
G′ = p
ln[(D/d) + (D/d)2 − 1]
= 1.85 × 10−6 S/m,
G′ ε
C′ =
σ
1.85 × 10−6 × 8.85 × 10−12 × 2.6
=
2 × 10−6
−11
= 2.13 × 10 F/m.
#2.

Z L  Z 0 rL  jX L  Z 0
 
Z L  Z 0 rL  jX L  Z 0

rL  jX L  Z 0 (r  Z 0 )  jX L (rL  Z 0 ) 2  X L2
   L  1
rL  jX L  Z 0 (rL  Z 0 )  jX L (rL  Z 0 ) 2  X L2

When rL = 0.   1,
Problem 1.26 Find the phasors of the following time functions:
(a) υ (t) = 9 cos(ω t − π /3) (V)
(b) υ (t) = 12 sin(ω t + π /4) (V)
(c) i(x,t) = 5e−3x sin(ω t + π /6) (A)
(d) i(t) = −2 cos(ω t + 3π /4) (A)
(e) i(t) = 4 sin(ω t + π /3) + 3 cos(ω t − π /6) (A)
Solution:
(a) Ve = 9e− jπ /3 V.
(b) v(t) = 12 sin (ω t + π /4) = 12 cos (π /2 − (ω t + π /4)) = 12 cos (ω t − π /4) V,
V = 12e− jπ /4 V.
e
(c)

i(t) = 5e−3x sin (ω t + π /6) A = 5e−3x cos[π /2 − (ω t + π /6)] A


= 5e−3x cos (ω t − π /3) A,
Ie = 5e−3x e− jπ /3 A.

(d)

i(t) = −2 cos(ω t + 3π /4),


Ie = −2e j3π /4 = 2e− jπ e j3π /4 = 2e− jπ /4 A.

(e)

i(t) = 4 sin(ω t + π /3) + 3 cos(ω t − π /6)


= 4 cos[π /2 − (ω t + π /3)] + 3 cos(ω t − π /6)
= 4 cos(−ω t + π /6) + 3 cos(ω t − π /6)
= 4 cos(ω t − π /6) + 3 cos(ω t − π /6) = 7 cos(ω t − π /6),
Ie = 7e− jπ /6 A.

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